





ee %. 2 


LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL. SEMINARY 


PRINCETON. N. J.) 


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: "PRESENTED BY 


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f BV 4070 G56 W46 1926. 
Wentz, Abdel Ross, 1883- 
History of the Gettysburg 

theological seminary 








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SAMUEL SIMON SCHMUCKER, D.D. 
CHIEF FOUNDER, 
FIRST PROFESSOR, HEAD OF THE SEMINARY FOR THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS 


History 


OF THE 


Gettysburg Theological 
Seminary 


OF THE 


General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the 
United States and of the United Lutheran Church 


in America, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 


1826--1926 


By 
ABDEL ROSS ‘WENTZ, Ph.D., D.D. 


Professor of Church History in the Seminary. 





Published by the Authority of the Directors 
Printed for the Seminary by 
THES UNTITLED LUTHERAN PUBLICATION. -HOUSE 
1228-34 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 


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PREFACE 


Projected by the Faculty and sponsored by the Board of Directors, this 
HISTORY is intended to be an integral part of the centennial celebration. 

Those who want to find a direct course through the history of the 
Seminary should begin to read at Chapter VI or Chapter VII. The first 
five chapters are introductory. They embody the results of much research 
and bring together facts that we thought might well be gathered and 
grouped. At the same time they pave the way for an understanding of the 
real significance of the Gettysburg Seminary in the life of the American 
Lutheran Church. But the story of the Seminary itself begins at page 90. 

Our aim has been to give an accurate and readable account of the origin 
and growth of the institution. In the effort to present the narrative in such 
a form as to interest the general reader, we have included some detai!s 
that the average student of Lutheran history might regard as superfluous. 
The purpose has been to lend life and color to the story. 

The author has tried to be a faithful reporter and not a critic. He has 
honestly striven to be fair to all individuals, parties, and movements. His 
statements are based for the most part on primary sources, such as private 
letters, unpublished reports of officers, manuscript minutes of the Faculty 
and the Board of Directors, and proceedings of district synods and general 
bodies. Hundreds of volumes of the religious press, particularly the 
Lutheran Observer, were used. The Schmucker and Sheeleigh collections 
of pamphlets afforded much material. Numerous other sources of informa- 
tion were called into requisition. It was not feasible to cite authorities in 
the text of the narrative nor to add a separate bibliography, which would 
have included a large part of the catalogue of the Lutheran Historical 
Society, in whose invaluable collection nearly all our source-materials are 
found. 

In preparing Chapter VI, I have had to go over the ground covered by 
Chapters IX and XI of my “Lutheran Church in American History” and 
have found it impossible not to repeat myself. This is particularly the case 
with pages 75-80 and 85-88. 

To the reader it may seem that the subject has been treated exhaustively. 
To the writer it seems that it has only been sketched in outline. One 
might delve beneath the surface at almost any point and write an entire 
volume on any of the chapter titles here presented. 

To the future historian of the Seminary the present writer wishes to 
acknowledge a sense of uncertainty in dealing with the last quarter of a 


5 


PREFACE 


century in the Seminary’s life. This was due partly to a lack of long 
perspective in which to view the events and partly to the fact that so many 
of the personalities of this period have not yet finished their work. 

The history of the Seminary is a record of growth from feeble begin- 
nings to great usefulness in the Church. It is a story of faith and per- 
severance, of sacrifice and toil, on the part of our fathers. No one can 
read the inspiring record without feeling that the hand of God directs the 
affairs of the Church and sustains the life of the seminaries, the focal 
points of the Church. But while the achievements of the century should 
fill us with gratitude to God for the past, the contemplation of the Semi- 
nary’s progressive development in influence and resources should fill us 
with a sense of obligation and point the finger of duty to the coming age. 
The service which God has permitted the Gettysburg Seminary to render 
to His Kingdom in the Evangelical Lutheran Church should fill us with 
joy and stimulate us to undertake tasks which may require even greater 
faith and devotion. 


ABDEL ROSS WENTZ. 


GETTYSBURG, Pa. 
FEBRUARY 20, 1926. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


PREFACE 


(Coben Bienen & 


LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA BEFORE 


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LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA IN MUH- 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued 


PAGE 
CHAPTER VII. 

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DURING: THE BATTUE) G63 cops <e es eee 191 


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TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continucd 


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CHAPTER XVy 
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Centennial History of the 
Gettysburg Theological Seminary 


1826--1926 


Cis aioe 


LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA 
BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


The schools are the citadels of the future. In any long-continued 
struggle, ultimate victory rests with the party that can capture and hold the 
teachers and the text-books. In the conflict of Christianity with heathenism 
in early Christian history, Christianity prevailed because it captured the 
schools. 

There is an integral relation between educational progress and general 
national progress. The history of our country is closely 
bound up with the history of our schools. Likewise, the The Unity 
history of religion in our country is closely bound up of All Life 
with the history of religious instruction in family, in 
school, in church. More specifically, the history of the Christian Church 
is really the history of ministerial education written large. 

To this rule the Lutheran Church in America is no exception. The 
quantity and quality of our ministerial supply is the 
measure of our Church’s growth and usefulness in How a Church 
this country. This is made possible by the friendly Grows 
independence that exists between Church and State in 
our country. 

There are at present in the United States of America one hundred 
thirty-one Protestant theological seminaries. Of this num- 
ber seventeen are theological departments of colleges. In The Number 
Canada there are thirty Protestant seminaries. More of Seminaries 
than forty millions of dollars are listed as productive 
endowment funds in these institutions. The Lutheran Church in America 


11 


HISTORY OFPSGE TTY SBURGHSEMINATSY 


claims thirty-three of these seminaries, about one-fourth of the total. Their 
combined property value is estimated at six million two hundred ninety-five 
thousand two hundred forty dollars. Altogether they have graduated, since 
the first seminary began, twelve thousand three hundred thirty-five students. 
Of this number four hundred fifty-three were women. These figures repre- 
sent a rather remarkable achievement and a detailed account of that achieve- 
ment would involve a fairly complete narrative of the life of the Lutheran 
Church in this country during the past century. 
But for more than two-thirds of her history in this 
The Need country the Lutheran Church was without any theological 
Not Realized seminary. The Seminary at Gettysburg is now a cen- 
} tury old. It was established in 1826. It was the begin- 
ning of Lutheran theological education under Church auspices in this 
country. For more than two centuries before that date there were Luth- 
erans in America. They had a part in the slow beginnings of nearly all 
the American colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. But for 
a long time these Lutherans in the American colonies were not organized 
into congregations. And for generations after the organization of Lutheran 
congregations on American soil, these congregations regarded themselves 
merely as mission stations of the mother churches in Europe and gave 
little or no thought to the matter of a native ministry. Even after the 
need for a native ministry was felt, theological education was unorganized 
and ministerial training was very elementary, and another century passed 
before the project of a theological seminary was realized. 
In order to understand the significance of the Gettys- 
Preliminaries burg Seminary, the circumstances of its origin in 1826, 
and the shaping events of its century of history, it will 
be necessary first to review briefly these two centuries of preliminaries. 
This we can best do by considering the conditions that prevailed in the 
Church at that time and by recounting the various efforts that were made, 
by individuals and by organizations, to provide for the training of the 
Lutheran ministry in this country. 
The first Lutherans to settle on American shores were the Dutch. They 
came to New York. There were many Lutherans in Holland at the be- 
ginning of the seventeenth century, and when the Dutch 
Lutherans West India Company effected its settlements on the 
from Holland Hudson in 1623 and 1625 the Lutherans co-operated with 
their countrymen in the enterprise and some of them 
came along to America. Most of them had come to Holland from other 
countries of Europe, as Germany and the Scandinavian lands. But they 
had identified themselves in many respects with their Dutch neighbors, 
many of them were speaking the Dutch language, and so in the histories 
they are generally known as Dutch Lutherans. 


12 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


The number of these Dutch Lutherans at Albany and on Manhattan 
Island must have been very small, and as the official religious organization 
of the settlements on the Hudson was the Reformed 
Church, the Lutherans found themselves hindered in the 
exercise of their faith. Not until the middle of the 
century did they even attempt the organization of a congregation. 

They appealed to the Lutherans of Amsterdam for a minister and in 
1657 Pastor Goetwasser arrived. But the Reformed pastors in the colony 
succeeded in having him sent back to Europe. Five years 
later the Lutherans imported a Dutch student, Abelius Pastors from 
Zetskoorn, to be their minister, but under the religious Europe 
intolerance of the times he was immediately expelled 
from the colony and found a home among the Lutherans on the Delaware. 
After the Dutch colony surrendered to the English in 1664 the Lutherans 
were granted toleration and the prospects of pastoral oversight grew brighter. 
There were now Lutheran congregations both on Manhattan Island and 
at Albany. But the English authorities insisted that no one should officiate 
as minister without ordination. This was entirely in keeping with the 
English ideas of order and their theory of the ministry, and this require- 
ment alone would have killed any effort at the training of a native ministry 
in the colony at that time. The Dutch Lutherans in America continued to 
seek their ministerial supplies in Holland. 

After two men from Holland had been called by the Consistory at Am- 
sterdam and had declined to go to America, the call was finally accepted by 
Jacob Fabritius, a German by birth. He reached New 
York in 1669, but his ministry was a great disappoint- Fabritius 
ment to his congregations. In less than two years his and Arensius 
own congregrations forced him to resign and the Lutheran 
authorities at Amsterdam at once sent over Bernhard Arensius. Under his 
faithful ministry of twenty years the congregations flourished. But when 
Arensius died the Lutheran authorities at Amsterdam were slow to respond 
to the appeals for another Dutch pastor. The Lutherans in New York 
at length pledged a salary for a minister, but even then no minister came 
from Holland. The end of the seventeenth century finds the New York 
Lutherans without a pastor. Later on, they turned to other Lutheran 
settlements in America for their ministerial supply. The thought does not 
seem to have occurred to them that without violation to any Lutheran prin- 
ciple they might train up their own ministry. 

There are several reasons why the Dutch Lu‘the-ans in America in the 


Organization 
Long Delayed 


seventeenth century did nothing in the direction of ministerial training. 
They never numbered more than forty-two families, and conditions not 
only among them but throughout the colony were such as to make them 


13 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


absolutely dependent on Europe for everything of spiritual value. Now it 
was not the genius of the Dutch nation that made the early settlers of New 
York slow in founding educational institutions, for Hol- 
Reasons for land at that time easily led Europe in the school advan- 
Inactivity tages of its common people. Motley describes the 
Holland of that period as a land ‘where every child 
went to school, where almost every individual inhabitant could read and 
write, where even the middle classes were proficient in mathematics and 
the classics and could speak two or more modern languages.” And Campbell 
maintains that the zeal for education that characterized colonial Massa- 
chusetts was acquired by the Puritans in their relations with the Dutch. 
But when the Dutch came to the new world they were apparently slow 
in proving their intellectual heritage. Four years elapsed after the settle- 
ment began before there was any minister in the colony, 
Hindering ten years before the first schoolmaster arrived, and 
Circumstances thirty-six years before the first Latin school was begun. 
And the increase in the number of churches and 
schools and ministers did not by any means keep pace with the increase of 
population in the colony. The chief reason for this is to be seen in the 
absorption of the colonists in material things. The settlers of New York 
had come for commercial purposes rather than from religious motives. 
Dutch thrift was more in evidence than the missionary purpose. For a 
long time the government of the colony was left in the hands of the West 
India Company. Their concern was for dividends rather than for education. 
All their policies for the colony were dictated by the merchantile spirit. 
Afterwards the government of the colony was entrusted to a director- 
general. This was paternalism. It stifled the growth of free institutions. 
And so again the enlightened temperament that characterized the popula- 
tion of Holland beyond any other country in Europe remained without 
fruitage in the Dutch colony in America. 
After the British conquest in 1664, the English began 
Dependent to sweep into the colony of New York. The policy of 
on Europe religious toleration was introduced. But the uncertain 
political conditions of Europe and the many changes 
in the government of the colony kept the colonists in a state of constant 
excitement, and the thought of educational or spiritual independence of 
Europe was even farther from their minds than the thought of political 
independence. So the churches, especially the Lutherans with their small 
numbers, were content to regard themselves as mission stations of the 
mother church in Holland and to receive their ministerial supply through 
the Lutheran consistory at Amsterdam. 
The eighteenth century dawned and Amsterdam failed to send another 
minister. But that did not suggest to the Dutch to prepare their own. They 


14 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


had not learned church practice from their forebears in Holland. For the 
Lutherans in Holland, with all their numbers and influence, had never estab- 
lished a theological seminary. Many of them were Ger- 


mans, either by birth or by recent ancestry, so they had No Thought 
sent their ministerial candidates to Germany to be of Training 
trained. And in many cases the candidates themselves Ministers 


were Germans. For this reason as well as_ for 

other reasons, such as their comparative weakness in number and _ their 
absorption in material things, it was only natural, when the Dutch Luth- 
erans of New York found themselves unable to procure a minister from 
Europe, that instead of preparing to train ministers from among their own 
ranks they should cast about for some other source from which to draw 
their spiritual supplies. The only possibility that suggested itself was to 
turn to other Lutheran groups in America. 

The nearest Lutheran neighbors to the Dutch in New York during the 
seventeenth century were the Swedes on the Delaware. These Swedish 
Lutherans had begun to arrive in America in 1638. By 
the middle of the century they numbered about five hun- The Swedes on 
dred and were scattered on both sides of the Delaware the Delaware 
River from the present site of Wilmington to the present 
site of Philadelphia. The colony had been planned by Gustavus Adolphus, 
the hero of the Thirty Years’ War. The country on the Delaware was 
held in the name of the Swedish sovereign and the colony was called New 
Sweden. The governors who were sent out by the King of Sweden were 
given explicit instructions not only concerning the administration of political 
affairs but also concerning the government of the Church. | 

As the Lutheran Church was the established church in Sweden, the colo- 
nists on the Delaware were early provided with a Lutheran minister. 
Eighteen years before even Goetwasser came to the 
Dutch Lutherans in New York, Rev. Reorus Torkillus Pastors from 
was sent to the Swedish Lutherans on the Delaware. He Old Sweden 
was the first regular Lutheran minister in America. 

When he fell a victim to the plague in 1643 he was succeeded by Rev. 
John Campanius, another agent of the Swedish King. In 1646 Campanius 
built a church on Tinicum Island in the Delaware river. This was the 
first Lutheran Church ever erected in America. Campanius was an able 
preacher and a faithful pastor. He was a man of scholarly instincts and 
had received a thorough education. But Campanius had come to America 
not to abide but only for a sojourn, and after five years of missionary 
service in this country he asked to be recalled to Sweden. His request was 
granted and he was rewarded with a good charge in the mother country. 
During his stay in America, however, he had become deeply interested in 
the Indians, had learned their language, and had translated Luther’s Small 


15 


HISTORY4OR GETTYSBURG SEMINATAY 


Catechism into their tongue. This was the first work translated into an 
Indian dialect, although it was not published for nearly fifty years. 
John Campanius was well qualified to be the theo- 


Campanius logical instructor of ministerial candidates and prospec- 
a Possible tive missionaries to the Indians. If he had spent the 
Instructor rest of his long life in America and if he had seen the 


need as men saw it a century later, he might have estab- 

lished the Lutheran ministry in America on a_ self-perpetuating basis 
already at that early date. 

Campanius was succeeded by Rev. Lars Lock as pastor of the Swedish 

Lutheran Churches at Tinicum and Wilmington. His long and faithful pas- 

torate of twenty-two years witnessed two changes in 


Under Dutch the political control of the colony on the Delaware. Both 
Rule of these changes of government had their bearing on the 


question of ministerial supply. In 1655, when domes- 
tic troubles arose in Sweden, the Dutch of New York took advantage of 
the situation to conquer New Sweden, and the Dutch flag was raised 
over the Swedish forts. That was the end of Swedish rule in America. 
Many of the Swedish colonists returned to Sweden and the colony was 
greatly weakened. The Dutch governors, although they were Reformed, 
nevertheless allowed the Lutheran settlers on the Delaware to retain their 
Lutheran pastors and teachers. But all touch with the mother country of 
Sweden was soon lost, immigration ceased, and appeals for Swedish pas- 
tors went unanswered because the settlements on the Delaware were no 
longer a colony of Sweden. 

In 1664 the English took New York, and Dutch rule over the settle- 
ments on the Delaware gave way to English rule. The Swedish Lutherans 

then sent petitions to the Lutheran consistory of Lon- 
Under English don asking for a pastor who could minister to them in 
Rule Swedish. But these petitions received no response. The 

pastors of the State Church in Sweden could not be 
interested in the spiritual needs of a British colony. The spiritual desti- 
tution of New Sweden was becoming desperate. Pastor Lock was rapid y 
growing feeble in the service and in 1677 had to give up his work entirely. 
Jacob Fabritius, who had come from among the Dutch Lutherans of New 
York, was his faithful helper for a number of years, but in 1682 he became 
totally blind. The colony was now without any minister whatever and 
the parishes were rapidly disintegrating. 

But the Lutherans on the Delaware were not without enterprising lay- 
men. Two of these faithful men tried to hold the congregations together. 
Andrew Bengston conducted services and read sermons in the Church at 
Tinicum, and Charles Springer did the same at Wilmington. In such a 
situation the thought might have suggested itself to these devout Lutherans 


16 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


in America that they should train one of their own number and set him 
apart for the ministry. But if this thought occurred to anyone there is no 
evidence that it ever received expression; even if they 


could have found a candidate there was now no longer Material 
anyone who could have given him the training, and fur- Among the 
thermore those Swedish laymen were too accustomed to Laymen 


episcopal ordination to think of proceeding them- 

selves to set apart a minister. If those sturdy Lutheran laymen from 
the north could have seen a century ahead of their times or if they could 
have set themselves back a century and caught the full spirit of Martin 
Luther, those congregations along the Delaware that were the Church 
homes of those early Swedish Lutherans (Old Swedes’ Church in Wil- 
mington and Gloria Dei in Philadelphia) would in all probability still 
belong to the Lutheran Church. But such breadth of vision was not to 
be expected. And so in their great spiritual need those pious Lutheran 
laymen continued to offer prayers to God and to send letters to Europe. 

At length their prayers were answered. God’s providence led a traveler 
from Sweden to learn about his countrymen on the Dela- 
ware. He visited them and saw their spiritual destitu- More Pastors 
tion. On his return to Sweden he succeeded in interest- from Sweden 
ing the king in their case. After investigation, King 
Charles sent them a large number of Bibles and other devotional books, 
five hundred copies of Luther’s Catechism translated into the Indian lan- 
guage, and, above all, three worthy ministers of the Gospel. The new 
ministers arrived on the Delaware in, 1697 and a new period in the history 
of the Lutheran colony began. The close of the century sees the Lutherans 
of Wilmington and vicinity worshiping with Pastor Eric Bjork in a fixe 
new stone structure (now known as “Old Swedes’ Church”) while the 
congregation at Tinicum, under the leadership of Pastor Andrew Rudman, 
has removed to William Penn’s town and has erected Gloria Dei Church, 
an interesting landmark to this day. 

The most brilliant period in the history of this Lutheran colony belongs 
to the next century. But the influences that finally carried these congre- 
gations out of the Lutheran Church are clearly seen 
already in this seventeenth century. They have to do A Shortsighted 
with the ministerial supply. The Swedish authorities em- Policy 
ployed a shortsighted policy and the American colonists 
naturally could not rise above it. The settlement in America was treated 
as a perpetual missionary outpost of the State Church of Sweden. The 
pastors were taught to regard themselves as temporary missionaries in 
waiting for better positions at home. Their terms of service were for 
the most part brief. There was no effort to cultivate in the Americans 
a sense of responsibility and self-support. 


17 


HISTORY POPSGETLYSBURG SEMINARY 


Laymen rarely assumed any responsibilities in the congregation. There 
was apparently no lack of material among the laymen for possible candi- 
dates for the ministry, and there certainly were men 
No Plans for a among the pastors who might have given theological in- 
Native Ministry struction. But there was simply no thought among these 
pioneers of the wilderness, these colonials of Sweden, 
Holland, and England in turn, these children of the State Church of Sweden 
—there was no thought of providing for the training of a native American 
ministry or of securing the future independent development of the Swed- 
ish Lutheran Church in America. 
The Dutch Lutherans in New York and the Swedish 
German Lutherans on the Delaware gave no thought to the mat- 
Lutherans ter of training ministers for their pulpits. But when 
we turn from the seventeenth century to the eighteenth 
century, Lutherans of another nationality begin to reach American shores. 
These new arrivals were destined soon to outnumber the American Luth- 
erans of all other nationalities and throughout the eighteenth century to 
constitute the most numerous and most vigorous element in the Lutheran 
Church of America. They came from Germany. They came, as a rule, 
not for commercial purposes nor for the purpose of colonizing for the 
mother country, but impelled by religious motives. Among them were 
many men of enterprise and men of high literary attainment. Among 
them, therefore, we shall expect to find the first efforts, individual and 
organized, to train up a native Lutheran ministry in America. 
The German Lutherans who came to America before 
Need of the eighteenth century were inconsiderable in number. 
Ministers There were individual German Lutherans among the 
Dutch of New York and the Swedes on the Delaware. 
There were no congregations or ministers among them. But William 
Penn had begun the settlement of his inviting colony in 1681, and under 
his benevolent instigation Germans in large numbers began to flee from 
their adversities in Europe and take up their abode in Pennsylvania. The 
majority of these German immigrants were Lutherans. Among the earliest 
who arrived was a young man who had finished his theological studies at 
the University of Halle but had not entered the ministry. 
Justus It was Justus Falckner. He had come to Pennsylvania 
Falckner as a land agent of William Penn. But the urgent need 
of pastors among the Lutherans of New York led Falck- 
ner to accept ordination from the Swedish pastors and take up the ministry 
among the Dutch and German Lutherans along the Hudson. That was in 
1700. Three years later Falckner’s elder brother, Daniel, gathered the 
Lutherans of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, into an organization at 
New Hanover (Falckner’s Swamp) and ministered to them until 1708. 


18 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


Daniel Falckner had been educated for the ministry at the University at 
Erfurt. He had come to America as the agent of a German land company. 
But so great was his interest in the spiritual condition 
of his countrymen in Pennsylvania that on his visit to Daniel 
Germany in 1698-1700 he secured ordination for him- Falckner 
self and persuaded his younger brother to come 
along to America. The Falckner brothers thus occupy an important place 
in the early history of the Lutheran ministry in America. Justus, as we have 
seen, was the first Lutheran minister to be ordained in America and be- 
came pastor of the oldest Lutheran congregation in this country. Daniel 
was the first regular pastor of the first purely German Lutheran congre- 
gation in America. After 1708, Daniel removed to New Jersey and the 
rest of his ministry, about twenty years, was spent in that colony and in 
New York. The Falckners did much to call the attention of the father- 
land to the spiritual needs of the Germans in America, and to their letters 
and publications is no doubt due the arrival of several other German 
Lutheran ministers. 

Shortly after the organization of the congregation at New Hanover we 
hear of other German Lutheran congregations. They spring up at Ger- 
mantown and in Philadelphia, at Providence (the 
Trappe), at Lancaster, and at New Holland. Some of Empty Pulpits 
the Germans of New York, dissatisfied with their 
unjust treatment there, removed to Lebanon Valley, Pennsylvania, and 
the Lutheran congregation at Tulpehocken was organized. Then arose 
the demand for ministers to man these congregations. The Germans had 
not brought pastors with them. To whom should they appeal? For a 
time some of the congregations were visited by the Swedish Lutheran 
pastors on the Delaware. But the Swedish settlement was declining and 
the German immigration was rapidly increasing, so that by the middle of 
the century there were at least forty thousand Lutherans in Pennsylvania. 
Many of these had pushed westward across the Susquehanna and south- 
westward to the Potomac, and presented a spiritual need far beyond the 
powers of the Swedish pastors. From time to time imposters appeared 
among them, ecclesiastical tramps who claimed to be ordained ministers, 
and wrought much spiritual and moral havoc among them. 

In course of time, however, several devoted pastors came directly from 
Germany and ministered to their Lutheran brethren in America. The first 
of these was Anthony Jacob Henkel. After twenty 
years of ministry in the vicinity of Frankfort-on-the- Pioneer 
Main, Henkel came to America in 1717. From New Preachers 
Hanover as his home he went forth as a circuit preacher 
visiting all the German settlements within reach, going as far south as 
Virginia. He preached to the Lutherans in Philadelphia and German- 


19 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


town, and perhaps it was he who founded these congregations. At New 
Hanover the church building was renewed and the first schoolhouse was 
erected. Henkel evidently was much concerned about the increase of the 
ministerial ranks, for he ordained Bernard von Dieren, who seems to have 
been utterly unworthy of the office and whom Daniel Falckner had firmly 
refused to ordain. But Henkel’s best contribution to the ranks of the 
Lutheran ministry is found in his descendants, who constitute a long line 
of distinguished preachers, missionaries, physicians, and business men. 
The year that Henkel died (1728) two prospective pastors arrived, at the 
port of Philadelphia. They were father and son bearing the same name, 
John Caspar Stoever. The father was forty-three years 
The Stoevers of age and well-educated, but not--ordained. The 
son was only twenty-one and although he had studied 
theology under German pastors he was likewise unordained. Lack of or- 
dination did not prevent the Stoevers from preaching and solemnizing 
marriages and even administering the sacraments to their destitute country- 
men in America. The elder Stoever went to Virginia and for several 
years ministered to the Lutherans there. He died on shipboard in 1738, 
returning from a collecting tour in Europe. The young man remained 
in Pennsylvania and for fifty-one years devoted himself to the spiritual 
interests of his fellow-Lutherans. It is easy to trace his unceasing mis- 
sionary activity throughout the length and breadth of the colony and even 
into Maryland and Virginia. In 1731 he applied to Daniel Falckner for 
ordination but, for reasons unknown to us, Falckner declined to ordain 
him. Not until 1733 was he ordained. Both father and son were then 
ordained by a new minister from Germany, Rev. John Christian Schulz. 
Schulz was the last of the forerunners of Muhlenberg. He did not stay 
in America even a year. But he united the three congregations of Phila- 
delphia, the Trappe and New Hanover into one parish 
Organized under the title ‘the United Congregations.” Then he 
Effort persuaded the congregations to send him and two lay- 
men to Germany to solicit funds for churches and 
schoolhouses and to secure more ministers and teachers. This mission 
was not successful and Pastor Schulz never returned to America, but 
the fact that it was undertaken by the Pennsylvania organization of con- 
gregations indicates that the Lutherans in America were keenly alive to 
the need of more ministers and that at last they were beginning to feel 
that they must take the initiative in securing their ministerial supplies. 
Meanwhile German Lutherans had arrived in other 
Flocks Without colonies than Pennsylvania. Devastation of the Rhine 
Shepherds Valley by the French and religious persecution of the 
Protestants in that part of Germany had led to an ex- 
tensive emigration by way of London to New York. In 1709 Pastor 


20 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


Joshua Kocherthal arrived with a Lutheran congregation of sixty-one 
persons. The next year three thousand more Germans reached the colony 
of New York. These German settlers pushed northward along the Hudson 
to the foot of the Catskills and westward into the Schoharie Valley and 
along the Mohawk. But many of them remained in New York City. Soon 
the German element among the Lutherans in the colony greatly outnum- 
bered the Dutch Lutherans and their anglicized descendants, and there 
was need for pastors who could use all three languages. The Falckners 
used both Dutch and German in their ministrations in New York. Later 
pastors served also in English. In New York City the language question 
led to the usual protracted struggle and the usual division of organization 
and the usual loss of forces. 

Kocherthal died in 1719 and the Falckners a few years later, and both 
Dutch and German congregations in the colony of New York were left 
without ministry. Justus Falckner had appointed lay 
“readers” to conduct the services while he was absent A New 
in another part of the parish. These men kept up the Leader 
public worship of the congregations with more or less 
regularity until a new pastor arrived. In 1725 the petition that the New 
York congregation had sent by personal messenger to the Lutheran consis- 
tory of Amsterdam was answered in the arrival of William Christopher 
Berkenmeyer. 

In Pastor Berkenmeyer the American Lutheran Church of that early 
day had a man who by temperament, talent and training was better fitted 
than any other man of his day to become the founder 


of a school of the prophets. He was a citizen of Ham- Berkenmeyer 
burg and had been especially trained for his mission in a Possible 
America. He was a man of mature age and profound Teacher 


mind, a man of strict Lutheran convictions and scholarly 
instincts, a man of impressive personality and high organizing talent. He 
was forty years old and equipped with the qualities of aggressive leader- 
ship so often manifested by the North Germans. That he was a thorough 
student is indicated by the quality of the library that he brought along for 
his congregation in America. It consisted of more than a hundred volumes, 
many of them quite massive and ponderous. In America his library grew 
to more than four hundred volumes. His marginal notes in these books 
clearly show that he was a diligent student and a profound theologian. He 
soon felt the need for more Lutheran ministers in America to help cultivate 
the wide field, but he did not see the possibility of meeting that need in 
America itself. He appealed to the Church authorities of Sweden asking 
them to intercede with the King of Sweden to send ministers to America. 
Berkenmeyer’s idea was that all the Lutheran congregations of America, 
Dutch, Swedish and German, might be brought into some kind of unitary 


21 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


organization, perhaps episcopal, and placed under the care of the King 
of Sweden. The Swedish king would thus be charged with the responsi- 
bility of continuing and augmenting the stream of Luth- 
A Suggested eran pastors who should come from Europe to the 
Solution American mission field. At the same time there would 
be an adequate organization and authority to prevent the 
assumptions of ecclesiastical tramps. This proposal of Berkenmeyer’s was 
of course not at all feasible, but it is interesting because it indicates that 
at least one mind in America was already at that early date struggling with 
the problem of an adequate supply of ministers. | 
An opportunity for a more practical solution of that serious problem 
presented itself to Berkenmeyer in 1735. But apparently he never recog- 
nized the opportunity. Difficulties had arisen between 
An Oppor- Pastor Wolf and his Lutheran congregations in the New 
tunity Passes Jersey field. Berkenmeyer called a conference of the 
pastors and. congregations of New York and New Jersey. 
Three pastors and nine lay delegates were present. Berkenmeyer was the 
“president.” Those present subscribed the Amsterdam Church Order. Here 
was every possibility and many of the semblances of a permanent synodical 
organization. In fact, in opening the conference, Berkenmeyer referred to 
the meeting as “this synod.” If Pastor Berkenmeyer and his colleagues 
could at that time have lifted their vision beyond the special circumstances 
that had called them together, if they had looked at the general need of 
the Church as a whole, if they had prepared for regular meetings and had 
organized themselves permanently under a constitution for administrative 
purposes, then this would have been the first Lutheran Synod in America 
and would have antedated any other organization by at least thirteen years. 
Then, with such a man as Berkenmeyer in the lead, a practical method of 
providing for ministerial supply, even through a native ministry, might have 
been planned and executed and advanced to such strength that the turmoil 
of the Revolutionary War could not have overturned it. But, as a matter 
of fact, the meeting of ministers and laymen in 1735 was not repeated. No 
synod was organized, and so far as Berkenmeyer was concerned the Amer- 
ican Lutheran Church was to remain dependent upon Europe indefinitely for 
its supply of pastors. 


Berkenmeyer saw that his parish extending from New 


Supply of York to Albany was too large for one pastor to cultivate 
Ministers successfully. So he divided it. He himself took charge 
Uncertain of the northern and more promising part of the field 


and made his home at Athens. The southern part of 

the field including New York City was placed in charge of Michael Chris- 

tian Knoll, a native of Holstein. It was during Knoll’s pastorate that the 

division in the New York congregation took place. Some of the Germans 
22 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


withdrew from Trinity Church in protest against the Dutch language and 
organized Christ Church, entirely German. But the pastor whom they 
called, Rev. J. F. Reis, was one of those peripatetic preachers, and failed 
to secure much following among the Germans. Knoll left New York for 
Athens and the result was increased confusion in the city congregations. 
This was the situation among the Lutherans of the New York colony 
in the middle of the century when Berkenmeyer died. They had devised 
no measures for ministerial training and they had no sure means of 
filling their pulpits. This together with the distractions due to the language 
queston brought about a situation that called for the steadying hand of a 
Muhlenberg. 

In the South also the problem of ministerial supply was about to be felt 
at this time. There were some Lutherans among the Palatines and Swiss 
who settled New Berne, North Carolina, in 1710, but as 
they were too few in number to form a congregation In the South 
and command the services of a pastor it seems 
that they gradually went over to the Episcopal Church, which was the 
established church in the Carolinas. The same emigration from the Palat- 
inate and the Rhine Valley that brought so many German Lutherans to the 
colony of New York brought a few Lutheran families also to the city of 
Charleston. But they remained without spiritual ministration until Luth- 
eran pastors in the neighboring colony of Georgia learned of their presence 
and visited them. The ministers from Georgia also served the little circle 
of German Lutheran families that were included in the settlement at Purys- 
burg, South Carolina, in 1732. A larger group of Lutherans from Ger- 
many and Switzerland had helped to form the settlement at Orangeburg, 
South Carolina, in 1735. There were about ninety male members in 
this Lutheran congregation and in 1737 they secured their own pastor in 
the person of John Ulrich Giessendanner. 

Pastor Giessendanner had been trained for the ministry and ordained in 
his native Switzerland. He died after a brief ministry of less than two 
years in America. Then the Orangeburg congregation 
persuaded one of their own number to secure ordination The Giessen- 
and become their pastor. This was a nephew of Pas- danners 
tor Giessendanner of the same name. The young 
man was distinguished among the laymen for his learning, piety, and 
knowledge of the Scriptures. He seems to have studied theology in Europe 
but to have come to America before he had been ordained. He was a firm 
Lutheran in his convictions, but because of the exigencies of the situation 
he was ordained by the Charleston Presbytery. Ten years later Pastor 
Giessendanner went to London and secured Episcopal ordination, probably 
for the sake of his legal standing in the colony. With this event the 
Lutheran character of the congregation ceased, and at the close of the 


23 


HIs TORY OF} GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Revolutionary War the congregation itself vanished from the pages of 
history. 
Much more steady was the ministry among the Salzburg exiles who 
founded the Lutheran colony of Ebenezer in Georgia. 
Among the This settlement began in 1734. From the beginning it 
Salzburgers had two faithful and devoted pastors, John Martin 
Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau. These men had 
been thoroughly trained and had been instructors at Halle. Boltzius was not 
only the spiritual head of the colony on the Savannah but its practical 
manager as well. After ten years of service in the colony Gronau sick- 
ened and died. Hermann Henry Lembke, another Halle man, was sent to 
take his place and for nineteen years labored in the closest harmony by 
the side of Boltzius. In 1752 another pastor, Christian Rabenhorst, was 
sent out from Germany, and now the Ebenezer colony was provided with 
three faithful ministers. 
For thirty-two years Boltzius was the shepherd and guide of the Eben- 
ezer colony. He died in 1765. He was characterized more by his piety 
and devotion and practical tact than by his learning. 


Boltzius Nevertheless, he had many of the instincts of the teacher 
a Possible and if he had seen the need or realized the possibilities 
Teacher he might easily have become the founder of a train- 


ing school for ministers. When his own son had finished 
the course in the parochial school of Ebenezer and the father saw in his 
boy the gifts of mind and heart that promised acceptable service in the 
ministry of the Master, Pastor Boltzius instructed his son in the preparatory 
branches and sent him to Halle to take the course in theology. At Halle 
young Boltzius gave a good account of himself, but after finishing his studies 
he took charge of a pastorate in Germany and never returned to his native 
land. Two other bright young men of the Ebenezer Colony Boltzius pre- 
pared for the study of theology at Halle, but the elder of them died and 
the other, his brother, then discontinued his studies. 
Boltzius had other opportunities to help place the 
Boltzius Called Lutheran ministry in America on a_self-perpetuating 
to Lead basis. But he failed to seize them. As the devout and 
efficient leader of the Ebenezer colony his name was 
known in all other Lutheran settlements in colonial America. Between 
Boltzius of Georgia and Berkenmeyer of New York there was little in 
common; Boltzius was a pietist and Berkenmeyer was very averse to piet- 
ism, which he had learned to know by some of its extravagances in Ger- 
many. The scattered Lutherans of Pennsylvania more than once sent ap- 
peals to Boltzius asking him to visit them or to aid them with counsel and 
with ministers, and the Halle authorities urged him to answer these appeals. 
But the letters from Pennsylvania were never answered, 


24 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 


Even more tangible was the opportunity that faced Boltzius in connec- 
tion with the ministry among the Lutherans of the neighboring colony of 
South Carolina. On the banks of the Congaree, in Lexington County, 
about one hundred miles from Charleston, there was a 
considerable German colony, many of them Lutherans. More Appeals 
In 1750 these Lutherans sent a message to Pastor Bolt- to Boltzius 
zius beseeching him to visit them and administer the 
Lord’s Supper. He contented himself with sending them some books of de- 
votion and several manuals of instruction. A few months later they ap- 
proached him again, urging him to visit them and to help them obtain a pas- 
tor and erect a church. They stated that they had a congregation of two 
hundred and eighty souls who would attend church if a house of worship 
were erected. To this request Boltzius made a negative reply, recording in 
his diary: “I have no heart for this people.” 

If the pious and able Boltzius had had Muhlenberg’s breadth of view 
and his interest in the remote future of the Church, the whole Church, these 
appeals would not have gone unanswered, and who can 
calculate the difference it would have made in the his- Another Oppor- 
tory of - the ‘Lutheran Church “in those — states? tunity Missed 
If he had paid a friendly visit or two to this 
large congregation on the banks of the Congaree; if he had exerted 
himself to procure a minister for them, either 
in the person of his own son or in someone 
else whom he himself might have trained in 
the parsonage at Ebenezer and ordained for 
that purpose, the congregation might have been 
saved from the distracting heresies and the 
decimating immorality that so soon wiped it off 
the map. Then, too, the three pastors of the 
Ebenezer colony might have combined with 
the Lutheran pastor on the Congaree and with 
the neighboring Pastor Giessendanner of 
Orangeburg to form the nucleus of a Luth- 
eran synod in the South, which in that early PASTOR BOLTZIUS 
day already could have instructed and ordained 
other pious men for the Gospel ministry. Then Pastor Giessendanner and 
many other pastors together with their congregations might have been 
saved to the Lutheran Church and the story of Lutheran progress in the 
South might have resembled in some degree, at least, the story of synodical 
growth in Pennsylvania. 

But the time for synodical organization and a theological seminary in 
the South had not yet come. A whole generation was to pass before even 
the need would be felt. These Lutheran congregations in the southern 
colonies were Jong to remain dependent on Germany for their ministers and 


25 





HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


their training. This was a cause of continued weakness and many difficul- 
ties throughout the congregations and finally proved to be the undoing of 

the Ebenezer colony itself. When Boltzius died in 1765 
No Plans for and Lembke in 1768, the fathers in Germany sent Chris- 
Native Pastors topher Triebner to take the place of the departed pas- 

tors. He was utterly unsuited to the needs of the colony 
and Muhlenberg was called from Pennsylvania to settle the difficulty. Dur- 
ing the Revolutionary War Triebner proved to be a Tory, led the British 
troops into the town, and so accomplished its destruction, scattering its 
Lutheran people to other settlements of Georgia and the Carolinas. When, 
long afterwards, the Lutherans of the Carolinas and Georgia learned that 
they must train up a native ministry in their own midst they learned it 
from the example of their brethren farther north. 


26 


CHasRe Rr Roaakt 


RU RAN CHEOLOGIGAIS tBEDUCATION: -IN-sAMERIGA! IN 
MUHLENBERG’S TIME 


With the arrival of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg in Pennsylvania in 
1742 our narrative of Lutheran theological education in America enters a 
new period. Muhlenberg’s motto was Ecclesia Plantanda. 

It was something more than individual congregations A New Period 
that he had in mind. Accordingly with Muhlenberg 

the history of the Lutheran Church in this country passes out of the period 
of mere congregational organization into the period of synodical organiza- 
tion. This was profoundly significant for the work of training men for 
the ministry. 

Muhlenberg began the work of planting the Church by opening a school 
in each of his congregations, and as his work of supervision expanded over 
the entire province of Pennsylvania and into adjoining 
provinces, he continued the policy of providing each Congregational 
congregation or group of congregations with a school Schools 
and a teacher. In many cases the pastors themselves 
were obliged to conduct these parochial schools and do the teaching. For 
two years Muhlenberg himself kept school on weekdays. But in course 
of time trained laymen and catechists were found to do this work and the 
patriarch was free to visit needy fields at greater distances from Philadel- 
phia. Everywhere he zealously encouraged the establishment of these 
weekday schools in charge of Christian teachers who could instruct the 
children in God’s Word and Luther’s Catechism as well as the necessary 
branches of a general education. These teachers were usually expected 
also to serve as organists for the churches and, on special occasions, in case 
of the sickness or absence of the pastor, to edify the congregation by read- 
ing a sermon or some religious book. Muhlenberg’s educational efforts on 
behalf of the young encountered some opposition, but his fellow ministers 
always co-operated with him in this matter and invested much of their 
energy in maintaining congregational schools. These schools were really 
an index finger pointing towards the educating of a native ministry. 

It was not long before Muhlenberg realized that the 
successful planting of the Church in this country re- A Synod 
quired more laborers. The vast field was growing larger Organized 
every year and it nearly overwhelmed him. He needed 
helpers in the ministerial ranks. He appealed to the fathers in Halle who 


Zr 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


had sent him to Pennsylvania. The appeal was answered. In 1745 rein- 
forcements began to arrive. Then the field was divided, the work was 
expanded, outposts were established, and more intensive cultivation began. 
In 1748 the Pennsylvania Synod was organized. It was a small beginning 
and numbered only six ministers at first, but it was a highly significant 
move because it was the first step towards the independence of the Lutheran 
Church in America. It helped to create the spirit of self-reliance and ag- 
gressiveness that saved the Church in times of danger from rationalism 
and unionism and ultimately led her to train up a ministry from among 

her own ranks. 
Another factor that made Muhlenberg and his associates feel the need 
for native theological training was the change that was 


Need for taking place in the general spirit of the American colo- 
a Native nists at the middle of the eighteenth century. They were 
Ministry becoming conscious of their distinctive American char- 


acter. The population had multiplied six-fold in sixty 

years and now numbered a million and a half. Great prosperity and rapid 
social development had taken place and out of these a spirit of self-reliance 
was born. The Lutherans in the colonies shared in this general change of 
spirit. While still dependent upon Europe for missionary supplies they 
were becoming conscious of their own peculiar needs and of certain ele- 
ments of strength. Their numerical increase had far outstripped the 
European supply of pastors for their congregations. In a single year, 
1749, as many as seven thousand Germans entered the port of Philadelphia 
alone. The few faithful pioneer preachers, with all their devotion and 
diligence, simply could not cover the entire field. Spiritual vagabonds and 
low deceivers wrought havoc among many congregations. So by the 
middle of the century there was a felt need for some new measures to 
provide for ministerial supply. When, therefore, the Church, through the 
change in the spirit of the times and through the organization of a synod, 
began to move out from its missionary and parochial stage into the larger 
synodical view of the whole, it was to be expected that the new aggressive 
temper would early express itself in an effort to produce a native ministry. 
It was Muhlenberg who first gave concrete expression 

Muhlenberg to the newly-felt need. He was the moving spirit of 
Plans in Vain the Synod and had the oversight and care of all the 
churches. One of the foremost problems that engaged 

his attention was the supply of ministers. Now Muhlenberg was _thor- 
oughly American in spirit. He was not merely a temporary missionary 
who would after a few years return to a comfortable pastorate in his 
native land. He had come to abide. He had married in Pennsylvania, 
and he had identified his life with the life of the Lutheran Church in 
America, Accordingly, he soon realized that it would be necessary to 


28 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 


train men in this country for the ministerial ranks, not only because the 
supply from Europe was utterly inadequate to man the rapidly growing 
field, but chiefly because it was desirable to take the sons of the congre- 
gations in America, thoroughly familiar with their surroundings in social 
as well as religious things, and prepare them for the work of the ministry 
among their own people. So Muhlenberg with proper insight planned for 





Henry MELCHIOR MUHLENBERG 


a native ministry. The year after the Synod was formed he bought forty- 
nine acres of land in Philadelphia on which to erect a school and seminary 
and a home for the aged. His idea seems to have been to dupticate 
in miniature the orphan home at Halle with its theological department an- 
nexed. But the building of new churches made such a heavy drain on the 
meager means of the congregations that neither resource nor energy was 


29 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


left to develop the institution Muhlenberg had in mind. Finally, the shad- 
ows of the coming war fell across his path and he was compelled to 

abandon the project. 
But the subject apparently continued to occupy his attention. In 1765 
Muhlenberg was the happy recipient of a sum of money 


The First for the purpose of a “higher school” or a seminary. 
Seminary Neither the donor nor the exact amount of the donation 
Funds is known. But Muhlenberg tells us in his journal that 


the money was invested partly in Philadelphia real estate 
and partly in a loan to the Lutheran congregations of Philadelphia, and 
that it was expected to yield interest in the amount of seventy pounds 
annually. And he remarks: “It is a splendid beginning of the desired en- 
dowment, but not sufficient as yet to maintain a seminary.” 
Then four years later, when the Synod met in Phila- 
Synodical delphia, action was taken as follows: “Concerning a 
Discussion Seminary which is to be established it is resolved, 
that each member write out his thoughts concerning the 
best method and send them in.” Whether additional funds were in pros- 
pect or whether it was intended to begin a financial campaign or why the 
Seminary should be spoken of in such hopeful fashion, we do not know. 
It seems probable that the matter was brought before the Synod and urged 
upon its members by Muhlenberg himself, and that this resolution was passed 
as a harmless expression of a hope, a hope that soon proved forlorn. We 
only know for a certainty that so far as the records show the resolution 
of Synod remained without effect. 

Again in 1771, when the fathers at Halle and in London sent enough 
money to pay off the embarrassing debt on the Lutheran Church property 
at Barren Hill near Philadelphia, Muhlenberg had all the buildings and 
grounds of that property assigned to the donors for a period of ninety- 
nine years “for an orphan house and school to be established there and for 
Lutheran Church services.” It was Muhlenberg’s idea when the orphan 
home should be established to use it also for the education of young men 
for the ministry, and perhaps also as a home for disabled and super- 
annuated pastors. But the orphan’s home in that neighborhood did not 
come into being until nearly a century later. And so again the project 
of a theological institution waited. 

Meanwhile Muhlenberg had frequently called the at- 

Another tention of the fathers in Europe to this subject and in 
Plan Fails 1773 in his report to Halle he made a very definite sug- 
gestion in the matter. He pointed out that the congre- 

gational schools among the Lutherans of America had flourished beyond 
all expectation, but that in view of the great numbers of German Luth- 
erans who had come to these shores and the consequent widening of the 


30 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 


field these schools were utterly inadequate to meet the needs of the Church 
as a whole. He therefore suggested that a “kind of seminary” be erected 
in America for the purpose of preparing catechists or assistant laborers 
who would be qualified to explain in a simple and intelligible way the 
fundamental truths of the Christian religion and of our evangelical faith. 
He explained that the young men trained in such an institution would as 
a matter of course not receive the thorough education that is given to 
theological students in the universities of Germany, but they would at 
least be able to instruct the rising generation and edify older persons and 
by constant precept and consistent example might lead both young and old 
along the path of repentance and faith and godliness. 

It was not intended, Muhlenberg says, to dispense with the stream of 
ministerial supplies from Germany, and he adds, rather significantly, “at 
least not for some time.” But because of the great ex- 


pense connected with the procuring of preachers from Halle Opposes 
Europe and the great difficulty in procuring a sufficient American 
number, such a seminary or catechetical school in Amer- Independence 


ica would train men who might be used as deacons and 

assistants under the supervision of experienced and educated pastors to 
diffuse a knowledge of the way of life among the widely scattered Luth- 
erans in America. Muhlenberg closes his appeal by stating that neither 
the congregations nor the pastors in Pennsylvania, can take the initiative in 
erecting such an institution, because the congregations are for the most 
part deeply involved in debt for the churches they had to build, and the 
pastors are already overwhelmed with a multitude of other duties. So he 
commits the entire project of a theological seminary in America to the 
Lord and proposes to await the day when He shall open the way and 
provide the means. The fathers in Halle undoubtedly saw the pointed 
suggestion implied in this argument, but they never acted on the sugges- 
tion as it probably lay beyond their vision to help further the independ- 
ence of the Lutheran Church in America. 

Muhlenberg’s noble project for a seminary was not realized in his day. 
His fine ideal for a theological training school remained only an ideal in 
that generation. Other hands, in more favoring times, 
were to take up the ideal and carry it through to realiza- Private 
tion. But that did not deter Muhlenberg from making Tutoring 
substantial progress in the work of creating a 
native American Lutheran ministry. He gave his three sons to the ministry 
and himself took up the work of theological preceptor in addition to his 
many other duties. As a rule he took the theological students into his own 
home where he maintained and taught them and where they had access to 
his library. Under his supervision they helped to catechise the children, 
to visit the sick and to give instruction in the schools. Sometimes they 


31 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMENARY 


read sermons for the congregations and occasionally they officiated at 
funerals. Meanwhile they “read theology” under the direction of the 
busy preceptor until they were supposed to be ready to appear before 
the Synod for examination. 
Some of these students who were privately tutored 
Kurtz and by Muhlenberg gave good account of their ministry. 
Schaum Two catechists, John Nicholas Kurtz and John Helfrich 
Schaum, had» been sent out from Halle with Pastor 
Brunnholtz in 1745 in response to Muhlenberg’s call for helpers. They had 
completed most of their theological studies in Germany. But as Kuriz 
was not ordained until 1748 and Schaum not until 1749, it is safe to 
assume that they continued their studies, particularly the practical branches, 
under Muhlenberg’s direction, probably assisted by Brunnholtz. Both of 
them proved to be faithful ministers of the Word. But the first man to 
begin his theological studies under Muhlenberg was Rudolph Henry Schrenck. 
He had been a student of law when he came to America 
Schrenck in 1749. Muhlenberg and Brunnholtz were favorably 
impressed with him. So Muhlenberg provided for him 
for six months and gave him theological instruction while Brunnholtz fur- 
nished the necessary books. He was made a catechist in 1749 and ordained 
in 1752. But he proved to be erratic in disposition and after four years of 
ministry among the congregations of New Jersey he returned to Europe. 
A little later Muhlenberg gave instruction to a young man whose de- 
voted ministry must have been a profound satisfaction to the great pastor. 
This was Jacob Van Buskirk, a scion of the: highly re- 
Van Buskirk spected Dutch Lutheran family belonging to the congre- 
gation at Hackensack, New Jersey. It was doubtless the 
personal influence of Muhlenberg, during his preaching visits in New York. 
that led the young man to prepare himself for the service of the Church. 
He was probably the first Lutheran born in America to devote himself to 
theological study. For some years he had been under the preparatory tuition 
of Pastor Weygand of New York. But for more than two years, from 
1759 to 1762, he studied with Muhlenberg. For nearly forty years and with 
signal merit he served various pastorates at Germantown and in Mont- 
gomery, Lehigh and Chester Counties. Muhlenberg in his appeal of 1773 
for a theological seminary in America cites Van Buskirk as a_ shining 
example of what such an institution might do with native Americans. 
Two other men tutored by Muhlenberg are worthy 


William Kurtz of mention. William Kurtz, a younger brother of John 
and William Nicholas Kurtz, had begun his theological studies at 
Graaf Halle but had come to America in 1754 before his studies 


were completed. He finished his education under Muh- 
lenberg’s supervision. He was examined by the Synod in 1760 and ordained 


32 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 


in 1761 to become assistant to his brother. William Graaf, also a native of 
Germany, was a guest in Muhlenberg’s house at various times for more 
than six years and there received all of his preparation for the ministry. 
He received ordination about 1759 and for nearly fifty years rendered faith- 
ful service among the congregations of New Jersey. 

These were the beginnings of Lutheran theological education in America. 
They were the happy harbingers of a self-perpetuating Lutheran ministry 
and an independent Lutheran Church in America. Other 
pastors followed Muhlenberg’s example and sought out Other Tutors 
likely candidates for the ministry, adding to their 
own heavy burdens by taking these candidates under their tutelage and in 
many cases receiving them into their own homes and maintaining them 
during the period of their theological preparation. In many cases the Luth- 
eran parsonages themselves furnished the candidates as well as their instruc- 
tion, thus creating the only true kind of apostolic succession in the ministry. 

After 1760 many of the candidates for the ministry who might have 
turned to Muhlenberg for instruction were assigned to 
the learned and distinguished Swedish pastor, Provost Provost 
Charles Magnus Wrangel. The new Swedish Provost Wrangel 
was a man of deep piety as well as profound learning 
and he proved to be a warm personal friend and a valuable counselor of 
Muhlenberg. He was even better equipped than Muhlenberg to be a 
theological preceptor. Muhlenberg had given his three sons their prepara- 
tory studies in his own home and then had sent them to Halle for a 
thorough course of theological instruction. Peter the eldest, however, 
did not finish his studies at Halle. He became a student under Dr. Wrangel 
in Philadelphia and was finally licensed in 1769. 

Another student in Dr. Wrangel’s home was Christian Streit, a member 
of one of the New Jersey congregations. He had been influenced by his 
godly parents and by the elder Muhlenberg to study for 
the ministry. He was a close friend of Peter Muhlen- Christian 
berg, but was as quiet and gentle as young Muhlenberg Streit 
was fiery and impetuous. Under Wrangel’s inten- 
sive training he was thoroughly prepared for the work of the ministry 
and gave a good account of his ten years in his first pastorate at Easton. 
When the Revolutionary War broke out young Muhlenberg became a 
renowned general while his friend Streit became the faithful chaplain 
of a Virginia regiment. 

A third in the group of theological students trained by the learned 
Swedish Provost was Daniel Kuhn. He was the son of 
a prominent member in the Lancaster congregation. He Daniel Kuhn 
was reserved and unassuming, like Christian Streit. But 
under the careful training of his theological tutor and through the practical 


33 


HIS TORY OFAGET TYSBURG, SEMINALKY 


experience received at his direction, Kuhn was thoroughly prepared for 
the work of the ministry. All three of these young men were prepared to 
preach both in German and in English. And. that, too, was sig- 
nificant of the spirit of the times and the foresight of their preceptor. 
In the days of Muhlenberg and Wrangel, at least, 
Careful the candidates for the Lutheran ministry were as a rule 
Training carefully selected and thoroughly trained. It was before 
the period of deterioration had set in and before the 
miasma of intellectual indolence had spread over the land. The synodical 
examinations of the candidates in Muhlenberg’s time would be regarded 
as very rigid even today. These examinations are. interesting to the 
student of today because they show what subjects were taught to the 
candidates by these private theological tutors. Perhaps they may also be 
taken to indicate what must have been Muhlenberg’s own ideal of a the- 
ological seminary curriculum in that day. 
Let two examples suffice. First the examination of John Nicholas Kurtz 
at the first meeting of the Pennsylvania Synod’ in 1748. He was examined 
by Pastors Brunnholtz, Handschuh, and Hartwick. The 
Kurtz’s influence of Halle pietism is very evident in the ques- 
Examination tions. He was required to answer all questions in 
writing. First he was asked to give an account 
of his life and his education, noting especially the circumstances of his 
spiritual awakening, the growth of grace in his heart, his motives for 
entering the holy ministry, his academic and theological studies, and the 
theological works that his library contained. Then he was asked to state 
the chief divisions of theology and to define theology, sin, and original 
sin. Next he had to describe the sin against the Holy Ghost. Then he 
was asked to give ‘‘an extended description” of the justification of the 
sinner before God, also of saving faith, together with proof passages from 
the Scriptures for both doctrines. He had to give a definition of sancti- 
fication and state how it could best be promoted. In what sense is death 
the wages of sin in the converted and in the unconverted? The next 
question was whether our Evangelical Lutheran is the only justifying and 
saving faith and how it is established in the Word of God. Then the 
candidate was required to give an exegetical analysis of Luke 16:8 (The 
children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of 
light) and to prepare on that text a sermon theme, outline, and applica- 
tion. The committee also asked him to describe the true character and 
duties of an evangelical preacher and to explain how such a pastor should 
deal with the dying who confess in a general way that they are sinners 
but do not confess any special sin. The last question was whether evan- 
gelical preachers can and should be in subordination to one another, and if 


34 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG'S TIME 


so, to what extent. The candidate was given twenty-four hours in which 
to present his answers which, it was required, were “to be neatly written 
out.” 

These questions and Kurtz’s manuscript of answers were afterwards 
transmitted to Halle. Dr. Francke thought the examination was rather 
severe and he wrote: “In the answers of Mr. Kurtz some 
things were not entirely satisfactory, but some of the Francke’s 
questions were too indefinite or too difficult for one of Comment 
his attainments to answer satisfactorily in so short 
a time. On the whole the questions were answered better than they 
would have been by one out of ten preachers before our German consis- 
tories.” 

Before he was ordained Kurtz was obliged also to’ sign a document sol- 
emnly promising to show proper respect to the pastors of the Synod, to 
regard his congregations as a part of the Synod, to 
teach publicly and privately in harmony with the Word Kurtz’s 
of God and the Confessional books of the Evangel- Vow 
ical Lutheran Church and to this end diligently to study 
them, to introduce no other ceremonies than those prescribed by the Synod, 
to consult the Synod on all important matters pertaining to his congre- 
gations, to keep a diary and be ready at all times to give account of his 
pastoral activity, and to leave his charge when it should be demanded. 

This examination in theology and these obligations concerning his per- 
sonal attitude certainly indicate a high degree of intel- 
lectual and ecclesiastical discipline on the part of John The Younger 
Nicholas Kurtz. But the examination of his younger Kurtz 
brother, William Kurtz, by the Synod in 1760 may be 
taken as a still more faithful indication of the kind of teaching done by 
those early theological preceptors, Muhlenberg and Wrangel. For William 
was less advanced in his theological course than Nicholas when, he came to 
America and was longer under Muhlenberg’s tutelage. 

The examination of William Kurtz covered a wider scope than that of 
his older brother had covered twelve years earlier. It took place before the 
entire ministerium and not merely before a committee. 

It was partly written but largely oral. The account A Rigid 
of his examination begins: “In the afternoon at Examination 
three o’clock the Ministerium began to examine -the 

younger Mr. William Kurtz, because Pastor Kurtz, Sr., desired to have 
him as assistant in his filials, and requested that he be therefore publicly 
examined and, if it were found advisable, ordained. After a prayer he 
was required to open the Greek Testament to the third charter of I Corin- 
thians and explain it in Latin, which was done satisfactorily and without 
hesitation. Afterwards the 117th Psalm was given to him in Hebrew, 


35 


HISTORY: OF GE DIY SBURG SEMINARY 


and he was asked to translate it into Latin, ex tempore, according to the 
genuine literal sense, which again was done readily and skillfully. He was 
also required to treat the second Psalm in the same way. The Provost 
was pleased and said that he had not expected anything like this in Penn- 
sylvania and began to examine him in theology in Latin. Mr. Gerock 
followed the Provost, and examined the candidate in difficult theological 
questions. Further, Pastor Handschuh asked him among other questions, 
what are the criteria or characteres of a true servant of Jesus Christ. 
Pastor Hausihl tested him with various questions in Polemics. Pastor 
Weygand argued with him on several articles in theology.” 
After this oral examination the candidate was required to withdraw so 
that the ministerium might confer on the subject. By calling the roll it 
was found that it was the unanimous opinion of the 
Answers pastors that Mr. Kurtz had given satisfactory evidence 
in Latin of his qualifications. ‘The candidate was then pre- 
sented with a list of questions in Latin, to which 
he was required to give written answers in Latin. These questions doubt- 
less pertained to his life and education, his motives and his personal atti- 
tude. The ordination was postponed until the next ministerial session. 
These two examples of synodical examinations for ordination are suffi- 
cient to show the comparatively high grade of scholarship that was main- 
tained in that early day even in spite of the serious 
High handicaps under which both the teacher and the student 
Standards were obliged to labor. The need of more laborers for the 
spiritual harvest was keenly felt, but that did not lead 
the patriarch Muhlenberg and his associates to disregard the Biblical in- 
junction to “lay hands suddenly on no man.” They had the faith to be- 
lieve that the little stream of native theological students that through their 
strenuous labors and earnest prayers had begun to flow into the vacant 
pulpits of the Lutheran Church in America would some day by God’s 
grace widen into a broad river whose waters would be a swelling tide 
of evangelical life in this western world. 
But the ideal of a theological institution as a channel through which that 
stream should flow instead of the parsonages of overworked pastors was 
never lost. Muhlenberg’s practical efforts in that di- 


Persistent rection proved futile and his repeated appeals to Halle 
Hope fora went unanswered. The resolutions of the Synod had no 
Seminary effect. Dr. Wrangel was recalled to Sweden in 1768, 


and there was no one to take his place as theological 
instructor. Even Muhlenberg himself was tempted to be discouraged with 
the situation. But younger and more hopeful spirits appeared on the 
scene, caught up the ideal of the patriarch and carried forward the hope 
for a theological seminary. 


36 


THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 


Only two years after Wrangel’s recall and five years before the out- 
break of the War for Independence, there appeared among the Lutherans 
of America a new champion of theological education. He was one of the 
most learned men the Lutheran Church of America has ever had. He 
made the most determined effort to found a Lutheran theological sem- 
inary that was made in the eighteenth century. His work along this line 
calls for separate consideration. : 


Aye 


Uinta ete An 


THE WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 


As the third quarter of the eighteenth century wore on, a number of 
factors combined to impress upon the pastors of the Lutheran Church in 
America the necessity of having some consistent method and some regu- 
larly appointed means of training men for the Lutheran ministry. 

The elementary schools that were maintained by the 

Congregational congregations had increased greatly since Muhlenberg’s 
Schools arrival. Nearly every congregation had its school. 
Where the pastors themselves could not take the time 

to teach the congregational school, the problem of securing proper teachers 
was often a difficult one. In course of time professional school teachers 
were attracted from Germany. A number of laymen in America prepared 
themselves and took up the work of teaching. The congregation in Phila- 
delphia employed three such teachers. Their school was modeled after the 
elementary schools connected with the Orphan’s Home in Halle. And the 
Pennsylvania Synod resolved that all of its schools must follow the Phila- 
delphia model. The average school, therefore, maintained a high degree 
of excellence. But this condition only served to emphasize the need of a 
higher institution of learning for the training of ministers of the Gospel. 

The need of an American Lutheran ministry, and of a seminary in 
which to prepare it, was felt in increasing measure also as the number of 

Lutheran congregations grew and the field enlarged 
A Growing and as the type of Halle graduates changed. In 1771 
Church Muhlenberg reported seventy congregations in Pennsyl- 

vania and the adjacent provinces over which he was ex- 
pected to exercise some kind of oversight. And there were about thirty 
Lutheran congregations in other parts of the country. Under the lure 
of attractive lands and the pressure of increasing immigration the Lutheran 
constituency had gradually moved westward with the frontier and had fol- 
lowed the course of the valleys from Pennsylvania into Maryland and Vir- 
ginia. In fact, the Lutheran mission field in 1770 extended from Nova 
Scotia to Georgia. The number of pastors imported from Germany and 
the number of those privately tutored by Muhlenberg and Wrangel was 
almost infinitesimal compared with the need. 

Then, too, Halle could no longer be relied on as a source of ministerial 
supply. The home of pietistic learning was changing. The Halle 


38 


WORK OF JOHN. CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 


teachers of Muhlenberg’s acquaintance had. passed off the scene 
and the new teachers were not so firmly Lutheran and evangelical nor did 
they inculcate the same religious fervor and warm 
Christian piety as the Franckes had done. Small won- Halle Supply 
der that Muhlenberg continued to long for a school of Drying Up 
the prophets among the Lutherans of America. 

After his own unsuccessful efforts to establish a theological seminary 
in this country, Muhlenberg was to witness one more 
such attempt before the Revolutionary War. This Kunze Arrives 
attempt was made by one who for a time stood very 
close to Muhlenberg. This was John Christopher Kunze. He was a 
competent scholar and easily the most learned 
of all Lutheran ministers in America in his 
day. He had taken his preparatory course at 
Halle and had studied theology for three years 
at Leipsic. Then for four years he had taught 
the classics and other advanced studies. In 
1770, at the age of twenty-six, he was or- 
dained and sent to America in company with 
Muhlenberg’s two sons, who had been study- 
ing theology at Halle. Kunze came for the 
purpose of assisting the two pastors of the 
growing congregation of St. Michael’s and 
Zion's in Philadelphia. He was cordially re- 
ceived by Father Muhlenberg and for three 
months lived in his house. In 1771 he JoHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
married Muhlenberg’s daughter. 





Kunze was by nature a student and a teacher. But the demands of the 
rapidly growing congregation in Philadelphia so completely occupied his 
time for the first two years that he found little oppor- 
tunity to engage in study. However, his close associa- Kunze Plans 
tion with his father-in-law soon made him acquainted Carefully 
with the field of American Lutheranism as a whole. So 
he was early impressed with the necessity of devising some means of sup- 
plying in America the increasing demand for pastors. The wise patriarch 
and his scholarly son-in-law must often have discussed the possibility of 
an American institution in which young men might be prepared for the 
Lutheran ministry. And so it came about that three years after his arrival 
in Philadelphia Dr. Kunze decided to lay the foundations for such a school. 
He proposed to begin humbly but to lay the foundations deep. His first 
step was to be a sort of preparatory school, a school that would prepare 
men to study theology later on. 

Writing to the fathers in Halle, May 16, 1773, after the school had 


39 


HISFORY 7OR (GEITYSBURG SEMINARY 


begun, Kunze explains the circumstances of its beginning. He says that 
for some time he had wanted to begin a school for languages and sciences 
among the Germans of America. But he was not un- 
A School mindful of the difficulties that lay in the way of such a 
Begun project. He foresaw the scarcity of funds and the 
difficulty of arousing any general interest in such a 
spiritual enterprise. He explains that the Germans in America are largely 
Palatines, Wurtembergers, and Alsatians, who, before they left the father- 
land, were accustomed to live in such great poverty and on such a very 
low level of culture that they have little interest in learning and no time 
for scientific studies. Nevertheless, he says, he was convinced that the 
good cause must have a beginning sometime. So he had decided on Janu- 
ary third that as soon as he could accumulate twenty pounds he would 
“buy” the first German student who came to port owing his passage and 
with him as assistant teacher would begin a small Latin school in his own 
home. The very next day, to his great surprise and delight, he had found 
a man, John Leps by name, who had arrived free of debt, was a Dane by 
birth and a graduate of Halle, had studied law, had served in the army, 
and for several years had taught private schools in the Danish West Indies. 
The man inspired the confidence of Kunze and his services were engaged. 
Further details concerning the “Seminarium,” as it was called, are found 
in Kunze’s Minute Book. An advertisement was inserted in the German 
newspaper of Philadelphia appealing to the national 
The pride of the Germans in America, setting forth the 
Seminarium plan of the proposed “American German High School” 
and the subjects to be studied, arguing the advantages of 
such a school, and closing with this significant sentence: “Especially would 
such a school furnish the preparation preliminary to the further training of 
young men for the office of the ministry.” From the curriculum as announced 
it is clear that Kunze had in mind a thoroughgoing Latin school for those 
who had completed the work of the elementary schools. Greek and Latin 
were to be taught, also geography and history, elocution, philosophy, 
mathematics, and “other sciences of that kind.” 
A few days after the advertisement had appeared, 
Co-operation several members of the Lutheran congregation in Phila- 
delphia came to Pastor Kunze and declared their wil- 
lingness to co-operate in the project. Muhlenberg approved of the plan 
and signed the appeal for support. But beyond this he took no active 
part in the project and insisted that the new school be kept separate from 
the parochial school of the Lutheran congregation. 
The elder Muhlenberg never cordially co-operated with Kunze in the 
work of the Seminary. As senior pastor of the Philadelphia congregation 
he signed the appeal, but he seems to have had serious doubts about the 


40 


WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 


feasibility of such an institution at that time. When it was proposed 
to establish the new institution as a free school in connection with the 
parochial school of St. Michael’s and Zion’s Church, 

Muhlenberg opposed the suggestion and his journal con- Muhlenberg 
tains thirteen reasons for his opposition. The chief con- Has Doubts 
sideration seems to have been the lack of funds. He de- 

clined to announce the project at the public services of the congregation. 
He said it was a matter for the congregational meeting to consider and 
determine. But there is nothing on record to show that it was ever brought 
before a congregational meeting. 

The fact is that in 1773 Muhlenberg’s health was beginning to fail and 
his spirits to droop. His great work of planting the Church had been done, 
and he was no longer in the mood to undertake great 
enterprises. His friend, Dr. Wrangel, had been re- Muhlenberg 
called to Sweden in 1768, and there was no one who Discouraged 
could fill his place as helper and counselor by 
Muhlenberg’s side. His many disappointments in the projects for a sem- 
inary and the increasing weakness of his advancing age led him to despair 
of such a school for the time being. 

The institution that Muhlenberg particularly wanted to see established 
at this time was an industrial orphans’ home that might at the same time 
harbor disabled or superannuated ministers. His plan 
for such an institution he sets forth with considerable Muhlenberg’s 
detail in a letter to Halle on March 30, 1773. In the Letter 
course of that letter he shows what a change has come 
over his ideas on the question of a seminary and incidentally he clearly 
indicates. his attitude towards Kunze’s project. For he says: “I do not 
have in mind to establish merely a seminary for learned school-teachers 
and preachers, such as Dr. Wrangel and various others of my brethren in 
the ministry have so hopefully conceived. Such an institution would re- 
quire spacious buildings that would cost several thousand pounds. Its 
furnishings also would cost several thousand pounds. In addition, there 
would be an annual expenditure of several hundred pounds for wood and 
food. Then too, it would be necessary to maintain at least three profes- 
sors with a yearly salary of at least three hundred pounds each. Other- 
wise, it would not be possible to maintain and instruct from twenty to 
fifty pupils free of charge and manufacture them into German theoretical 
school teachers and pastors. Of such plans and suggestions I have heard 
over and over again, until I am fairly nauseated with them. They would 
require an endowment of at least fifty thousand pounds. Of such plans 
we may well say: ‘The mountains are in labor, a mouse is born.’ We 
have here in America large English institutions of that sort, academies, 
colleges, and universities. In these institutions every year large crowds 


41 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


of young gentlemen are ceremoniously created bachelors, masters, licen- 
tiates, doctors of law and doctors of medicine, and then are let loose 
on the world. Then the poor suckers wander to and fro. They have 
used up their small resources and have no way of making a living. They 
cannot dig, to beg they are ashamed, and so they sometimes become public 
charges. You, my esteemed fathers and directors, have been pleased 
several times to advise me that I should confer on this subject with all 
of my colleagues. JI have done so several times at the yearly meetings 
of the Synod and also privately as opportunity offered. But what comes 
of it? Each one wishes the institution were already finished and located 
in his own neighborhood. Or else they regard it as an impossibility be- 
cause they do not see it complete before their eyes.” 
From this it is evident that the patriarch had begun to despair of seeing 
a theological seminary in his day. Even a “practical”? seminary he places 
among the pia desidcria that cannot yet be realized. 


Suggests a For the next year during his visit in Charleston, 
Practical South Carolina, he writes in his journal: “Oh, what 
Seminary a great benefit and consolation an institution would be 


where catechists could be prepared to keep school during 
the week and to deliver suitable sermons on Sundays and Church festivals! 
There would be no need to burden these young men with years of studying 
foreign languages. It would be quite sufficient if) they were gifted with an 
average amount of good common sense and had a general knowledge of the 
essentials of theology. They ought also to have personal experience of the 
saving truth. Besides that, they ought to have command of their mother- 
tongue and of English and ought to be able to make a decent use of the 
pen. It were well also if they knew the rudiments of Latin and if they 
were endowed with robust bodily frame, able to endure all sorts of victuals 
and weather. But the chief thing is that they should be possessed of hearts 
sincerely loving the Saviour and his sheep and lambs.” But to this Muh- 
lenberg adds: “Nevertheless, this is among the pia desideria, more easily 
conceived in theory than executed in practice.” 

But while Father Muhlenberg regarded Kunze’s plans for a seminary 
without any high hopes, and gave him no active co-operation in them, yet 
he did not oppose the idea or interfere with the plans of the younger man 
except to stipulate that the new project must not involve the Lutheran 
congregation in Philadelphia or its parochial school. This condition Kunze 
was careful to observe. 

In order to maintain the new school Kunze organized 

The German “The Society for the Propagation of Christianity and 
Society Useful Knowledge among the Germans in America.” 
There were three kinds of membership in the society: 

foreign patrons, secieties or synods, and active members. Of the last there 


42 


WORKEORAMORHN- CORIS TOPPER KONE 


could never be more than twenty-four. Each member was required to 
contribute ten pounds to the treasury and had the right to free tuition. From 
the Constitution of the Society, which Kunze wrote, it is evident that his 
ultimate purpose was really to establish an American Halle, with its various 
schools, its homes for orphans and the aged, its missionary institute, and so 
forth. Kunze saw very clearly that all the aims of such an institution 
would not be attained in his own life-time. But his main idea was to lay 
a good foundation for the future, even the long future. 

The organization of the society was effected on February 9, 1773. A room 
was rented for the “Seminarium” and the school opened on February 15. 
Five boys had been enrolled as pupils, all with free tui- 
tion except one. As directors of the Seminary the The Work 
Society chose H. M. Muhlenberg; his son, H. E. Muh- Begun 
fenberos = J= Co Kunze, and “three laymen. Mr. Leps, 

Kunze, and Muhlenberg, Jr., took over the work of teaching. Kunze had 
charge of the instruction in religious subjects which included Bible reading 
in English and German, ethics, and the Catechism. The curriculum of the 
Seminary embodied the entire course of instruction that was given in the 
lower grades at Halle, with a few modifications to suit the special needs 
of the Philadelphia students, as, for example, the introduction of English. 

The number of students increased rapidly and before the close of the 
first semester in June of that year there were thirteen of 
them. At the meeting of the Pennsylvania Synod in Synod 
Philadelphia on June 13, Kunze explained the plans of Co-operates 
the Seminary and the principles of the Society. The 
Synod decided to accept membership in the Society, the ministers by vote 
agreed to recommend the Seminary in their districts, and the Synod elected 
a “procurator” to receive and transmit such gifts as the pastors or con- 
gregations should send for the institution. Thus the Lutheran Synod was 
officially identified with the project. The public examination of the students 
was held in Zion’s Church immediately after the adjournment of the Synod 
in order to give the visiting pastors an idea of what had been accomplished 
thus far. On this occasion Kunze once more reminded his hearers of the 
possible service his school might render to the Lutheran pulpit of America 
by training men for a higher course in theology. 

Mr. Leps remained with the school only one year. A request had come 
to Muhlenberg from the congregation at Loonenburg (Athens), New York, 
for a pastor who could preach in the Dutch language. 

Mr. Leps was the only man available for such a position. Leps and 
So his resignation as teacher was accepted and he Lehmann 
was ordained to accept the call to Loonenburg. A 

Mr. Lehmann, a student whose transportation from Europe Kunze had 


43 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


paid, became his successor as Kunze’s assistant in the Seminary, and seems 
to have acquitted himself with credit. 
The work of the Seminary continued to commend itself to the Lutheran 
pastors of Philadelphia and its vicinity and also to 
Attendance some Reformed. As members of the Society died or 
moved away there seemed to be no difficulty in getting 
others to take their places and thus to guarantee the continued support of 
the school. The number of students grew until in the summer of 1775 
there were between twenty and twenty-five in attendance. The total enroll- 
ment of students during the life of the school was forty-one, according to 
the list that Kunze gives in the Minute-Book. A German almanac of 1775 
lists the Seminary as one of the noteworthy institutions of Philadelphia. 
Kunze had abundant reason to rejoice at the success that had attended 
his efforts of two and a half years. And the members of the “Society for the 
Propagation of Christianity and Useful Knowledge Among the Germans in 
America” were zealously planning for the future. But the turbulent times of 
the Revolution were impending and the distant rumbling of war gave reasons 
for apprehension concerning the continued prosperity of the infant seminary. 
At the close of the first semester in 1775 Mr. Leh- 
Crelle and mann resigned. He had been instructed in theology by 
Schroeter Kunze and by H. E. Muhlenberg, and he now went to 
Lehigh County to become private tutor in the family 
of Pastor Jacob Van Buskirk and to do occasional preaching in the churches 
there. Three years later he was ordained and began to take full charge 
of pastorates. His place in the Seminary was filled by August Crelle and 
Daniel Schroeter. Both of these men afterwards entered the ministry. 
But towards the end of the year 1775 affairs in Philadelphia grew more 
and more confused, owing to the progress of the quarrel with England. The 
Germans of Philadelphia joined enthusiastically in the 
War Closes the measures for resisting England. They signed the pro- 
Seminarium test against the Stamp Act, sent out circulars to 
arouse the Germans of other provinces, joined the 
volunteer organizations of soldiers, served on various war committees, and 
in general manifested great zeal for the cause of American liberty. One 
result of this was that many of the students in the Seminary withdrew to 
join the military organizations, while the members of the sustaining Society 
were so engrossed in the events of the War that they could devote little 
energy to the cause of education. But Kunze’s zeal and the devotion of his 
assistants enabled him to keep the school open another year and a half. 
When sustaining funds were lacking Messrs. Crelle and Schroeter were 
given opportunities to preach in vacant congregations and thus to maintain 
themselves. But in September, 1777, the British troops occupied Philadel- 
phia, made a hospital out of Zion’s Church and a garrison out of St. 


44 


WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 


Michael’s and took possession of the very building in which the Seminary 
had been held. And so Dr. Kunze’s small but vigorous institution, that 
had shown such great vitality during its brief existence and had given such 
bright promise for the future, disappeared in the smoke of the Revolutionary 
War. Thus ended in futility the most serious effort that had yet been 
made to establish an institution for the training of a native American 
Lutheran ministry. 

Nevertheless, from Kunze’s defunct seminary emanated impulses that 
were left in at least two other institutions of that day. One was the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. The very last entry in Kunze’s 
Minute-Book of the “Deutsches Seminarium” is this: The German 
“Two years later the institution was revived under the Institute 
Supervision of the trustees. of the University of 
Pennsylvania, in which John Christopher Kunze, Heinrich Helmuth, and 
Heinrich Moeller were laboring with much blessing.” The University of 
Pennsylvania was organized in 1779. It grew out of the Philadelphia 
Academy, which had been founded thirty years earlier, largely through 
Benjamin Franklin’s efforts. In the charter of the University was a pro- 
vision that the “senior ministers in standing of the six chief churches in 
Philadelphia” should be among the trustees. As H. M. Muhlenberg had 
removed from Philadelphia to the Trappe during the War, Kunze was now 
senior minister among the Lutherans in the city and so became a trustee 
of the new institution. He was one of the committee of five that prepared 
the plan for the organization. He proposed to this committee the estab- 
lishment of a German department in the institution, a department in which 
the Greek and Latin languages should be taught through the medium of 
the German tongue. This was carried through the Board of Trustees and 
the Legislature of the Commonwealth, and Kunze was elected German 
professor of philology. He had thirty-four students to begin with and 
was assisted in the work by his colleague, Pastor Helmuth, and by Heinrich 
Moeller. The German department in the University was known as the 
“Institut.” It was supported by the “German Society,” an organization 
which dated from 1764 and whose chief purpose up to this time was the 
material welfare of German immigrants. Kunze was one of the leading 
members of the “German Society.” He succeeded in having its charter 
changed so as to include educational aims, and then easily persuaded the 
Society to undertake the support of the German “Institut”? at the new 
university. 

From his entry in the Minute-Book quoted above it appears that Kunze 
regarded the new “Institut” as the rebirth of his “Seminary.” And in fact 
there were striking similarities between the two. But the purpose of 
getting young men to study for the ministry was not quite so clear under 
the new arrangement. So Kunze sought to have the trustees establish a 


45 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


professorship of divinity, arguing that a theological faculty is an integral 
part of a university. Failing in this, he induced the trustees to change his 
title to professor of Oriental and German languages. 

A University He hoped that the new department with its Hebrew and 
Professorship other Biblical subjects would attract students and that 
this would finally result in the establishment of a 

distinct theological school as a part of the University. In these hopes, 
however, he was doomed to disappointment, as he had not more than six 
students in his department and not one of them went on to study theology. 
After four years of conscientious effort to provide the means of training 
an American Lutheran ministry through the “Institut” in connection with 
the University of Pennsylvania, it became clear to 

Called to Kunze that that method was hopeless and with noble 
New York tenacity of purpose he began to turn his eyes in another 
direction. The Lutheran congregations in New York 

City were in sore straits. Old Trinity Church had lost its pastor because 
he was a Tory and had removed to Nova Scotia when the British evacuated 
New York. Their buildings had been burnt down during the war and had 
not been rebuilt. The congregation of Christ Church had*been without a 
pastor ever since 1776 when its pastor, Frederick A. Muhlenberg, an ardent 
American, was forced to flee before the advance of the British. Members 
of both congregations asked Kunze to visit them. He did so in January, 
1784, and succeeded in re-uniting the two congregations. They then be- 
sought him to become their pastor. For more than six months Kunze tried 
to resist the call. Then he visited New York again and made a discovery 
that decided him to remove from Philadelphia to New York. He says: 
“Here I got to see the charter of the University (i.c., Columbia College) 
in the office of the secretary of state, and in it | came upon the following 
sentence: ‘if any congregation or individuals of whatever form of religion, 
will assure the University an annual salary of at least two hundred bushels 
of wheat, a professorship of theology shall be established in that form of 
religion to which the donors belong and they shall name the incumbent.’ 
This was all that was needed here any more. If the Philadelphia institu- 
tion is ever to fulfill its real purpose, it must also make some such provi- 
sion.” Columbia College was thirty years old. It had been called King’s 
College before the War. It was largely under the direction of the mem- 
bers of Trinity Episcopal Church, but the above-mentioned provision of 
the charter of the University offered the very opportunity that Kunze was 
looking for. A real university, he held, must include a department in 
theology. So he pictured himself as professor of theology in the New York 
institution with a New York “German Society” to sustain the professor- 
ship. In this way he hoped to achieve more success in the work of prepar- 
ing young men for the Lutheran ministry than had been the case in Phila- 


46 


WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 


delphia. It was this consideration that induced Kunze to accept the call of 
the New York congregation. He took charge at his new post in August, 
1784. 

In New York Dr. Kunze’s scholarly attainments were recognized at 
once and he became both a regent of the University and a member of its 
teaching staff. However, his professorship was not in 
theology but in Oriental languages. Now Kunze’s chief Professor in 
claim to distinction as a scholar, though not by any Columbia 
means his sole claim, was his profound acquaintance with 
Oriental literature. His extensive library was specially rich along that line. 
And the University of Pennsylvania, the year before he left Philadelphia, 
had conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity because of his attain- 
ments in Orientalia. Ministers of other denominations sent their theological 
candidates to him to study Hebrew, and even Jewish Rabbis consulted him 
about their language. He was eminently fitted, therefore, to fill the chair 
to which he was called at Columbia. But it was not entirely to his liking. 
He was always thinking of that provision in the charter of the University 
which would afford him an opportunity to make a more direct bid for 
theological students. He longed to see the Lutheran Church take advantage 
of that opportunity to establish a chair of theology. Eight months after 
he had moved to New York he wrote to Halle and London: “Here in the 
University I am not only a member of the board of regents but also profes- 
sor of Oriental languages. But I have no salary and will have none until 
there shall be some students in my department or until the University is 
richer. Now my earnest longing and my prayer to God is that He will 
raise up some good evangelical soul to establish the professorship we have 
in mind (u.e., of theology) and that gradually He will raise up others who 
will make contributions so that a few theological students can be main- 
tained. Poor children who are possessed of talents and who have passed 
through school and university in Philadelphia or elsewhere by the aid of 
the German Society or otherwise—these are the materials from which we 
must fashion our future preachers.” A few weeks later he writes and 
informs the fathers at Halle that the Dutch Reformed Synod of 
New York had established a professorship in theology at Columbia Univer- 
sity, with Dr. Livingston as the incumbent. He says: “I have an office 
and an honorary title but receive no salary. For in addition to my regular 
position as a regent I am ‘professor of Oriental languages.’ But as yet 
not a student has presented himself. Meanwhile, I am using the leisure 
time to improve myself in Hebrew and Arabic. But I hope soon to have 
some students.” And again he expresses the hope that God will open 
the way so that some of those who: have had their preliminary training in 
Philadelphia can present themselves to him as professor of theology in 
New York for their theological training. 


47 


HISTORY, OF GERLYSBURGISEMINAKY 


But all these pious hopes were destined to go unfulfilled. For three 

years Kunze held the professorship of Oriental languages and then he grew 

discouraged and resigned. Again in 1792 he was re- 

No Theological elected to the same chair and held it three years longer, 

Students but still without success. His labors among his con- 

gregation were abundantly blessed. He exerted a wide 

and powerful influence as preacher and writer and instructor, and rendered 

high service to the Lutheran Church in many ways, But his ambition to 
lecture on theology in Columbia University he never realized. 

The scholarly Kunze had yet to learn that the Lutheran Church in 
America could not depend upon a department in a tax-supported state uni- 
versity for the training of its preachers and pastors. 

Two years after Kunze had resigned the second time from the faculty 
of Columbia University he was identified with one more effort to organize 
an institution for the training of an American Lutheran ministry. And 
this effort was partially successful. But before detailing that movement, 
we must return and see what was being done by individuals apart from 
institutions towards the training of men for the Lutheran ministry. 


48 


(CS E2 Wem Mle GINE 
PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 


The need for an indigenous system of Lutheran theological education 
had now become more obvious and more imperative than ever. The lines 
of connection with London and Halle had been seriously 
broken during the Revolutionary War and were never Need of a 
restored to the same strength they had during colonial Native Ministry 
times. The stream of ministerial supplies from Halle that 
had begun with the elder Muhlenberg and had furnished most of the Ger- 
man ministers before the Revolution, had now dried up completely, the 
last man having been sent over in 1783. More than a decade before that 
the Swedish Lutherans on the Delaware had received their last Lutheran 
pastor from Sweden. With the severance of the European ties at the 
birth of the American nation, the Lutheran Church in America faced three 
alternatives: to die out for lack of spiritual guides, to be absorbed into 
other denominations, or to train up her own native ministry. The Swedish 
Lutherans did not see the issue and in course of time their congregations 
and properties were all absorbed by the Episcopal Church. But the leaders 
among the German Lutherans did see the alternatives that faced them and 
set themselves resolutely to the task of raising up an American Lutheran 
ministry. 

But it was a task of enormous difficulty. For the times were evil. The 
War had brought in its train the usual aftermath of spiritual decay. French 
scepticism, English deism, and German rationalism had 
been imported and had left a frightful harvest of spir- The Burden 
itual dearth and deadness among the churches. The on Pastors 
faithful pastors found their burdens daily mul- 
tiplying on their shoulders. But with clear insight into the necessities of 
the situation and with sublime faith in the future of our Church on this 
continent these consecrated ambassadors of God set themselves single-handed 
to work upon the prodigious task of inspiring and training prophets who 
would faithfully proclaim in a day of religious decline the truth as it is 
in Christ Jesus. 

And so, while Muhlenberg planned and prayed for a Lutheran theological 
seminary at Philadelphia and while Kunze labored and hoped for a Luth- 
eran training school or a Lutheran theological professor- 
ship in Philadelphia and in New York, they and their A Last Resort 
colleagues in the Lutheran ministry in America did not 
neglect that other method of assuring a future ministry—the private tutoring 


49 


HISHORY OF GETDYSBURGTSEMINARY 


of individuals. It demanded many sacrifices both on the part of teacher 
and on the part of students, and it was never wholly satisfactory in its 
results. But it was the only way left in those days of emergency. More- 
over, 1t commended itself as the true form of apostolic succession as prac- 
ticed in the ministry of the primitive Christian Church. Above all, it 
assured the perpetuity of the Lutheran ministry and indeed of the Lutheran 
Church in this country and tided the Church over until she was able to 
establish a theological institution under synodical auspices and thus guaran- 
tee a steady stream of prepared men for her pulpits. 
When Kunze left Philadelphia for New York in 
Helmuth and 1784, Helmuth became the senior pastor of the congre- 
Schmidt gation in Philadelphia. The next year his warm friend, 
John Frederick Schmidt, came from Germantown and 
took up his position as Helmuth’s associate in the work of the Philadelphia 
congregation. These two men were zealous for the increase of the ministry. 
For twenty-seven years they labored together in Philadelphia. They were 
the private preceptors of a long list of distinguished ministers in our church. 
At first Helmuth and Schmidt tried to use the Ger- 


In the Uni- man “Institut” at the University of Pennsylvania as a 
versity of means of starting young men in their theological studies. 
Pennsylvania Helmuth had become Kunze’s successor as professor of 


Oriental and German languages at the University. Under 
his direction the German “Institut” continued to flourish for several 
years, and the Lutheran pastors cherished high hopes that it would bring 
forth students of theology. If it had, they 
were prepared to give the necessary instruction. 
In August, 1784, a few weeks after his ar- 
rival in Philadelphia, Schmidt wrote to Halle: 
“Nothing lies nearer the hearts of us preachers 
than a German educational institution in which 
young men might be prepared for the special 
service of the Church. We have, it is true, a 
share in the University here, and we make 
good use of it. But nothing except philosophy 
and. the languages are taught there; the 
churches and schools reap no benefit from that. 
The German Institute in the University, which 
receives from the trustees an annual stipend of 
six hundred pounds Pennsylvania currency, per- 
mits us to hope for the future. Helmuth super- 
intends this department and teaches seven hours daily, giving instruction in 
Latin and Greek to the German youth and in German to the English stu- 
dents. Last year when he accepted the professorship the number of students 


50 





Justus CHRISTIAN 
Henry HELMUTH 


. 


PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 


was small. But this year it has increased to more than seventy. Among 
these are several bright boys who are disposed to study theology. We 
two preachers of Philadelphia propose next winter to begin in the name of 
the Lord to instruct them in the various branches of theology and, so far 
as our feeble abilities go, to prepare them for the office of the ministry. 
Of course, our time for such important work is very limited and our 
fitness small, but that which is attempted solely in the fear of the Lord 
and with no selfish motive cannot remain wholly without blessing.” 

The German Institute never developed into a theological department. 
The establishment of the German College (Franklin) in 
Lancaster greatly diminished the number of the German The Institute 
students at the University, so that the number in the Disappears 
Institute declined from fifty-four in 1786 to six the fol- 
lowing year. The Institute survived only a few years after that. But 
Helmuth continued to be the professor of Ger- 
man in the University. This gave him a point 
of vantage from which to judge the qualifica- 
tions of men and, when he saw fit, to urge upon 
them the calling of the ministry. But the 
actual instruction in the theological studies 
had to be done privately. This work was will- 
ingly undertaken by Pastors Helmuth and 
Schmidt. The two pastors of the Philadelphia 
congregation were well qualified to be theo- 
logical preceptors. Both of them were grad- 
uates of the University of Halle, and it was 
during their student days there that their in- 
timate and lasting friendship had begun. They 
had taught for several years in the Orphans’ 
School at Halle. Helmuth had the more aggressive personality and was 
the more popular preacher, but both of them were thor- 
oughly evangelical and profoundly pious. They were Experienced 
nearly forty years of age in 1785 when they first became Teachers 
associated in this work in Philadelphia. Schmidt had 
made a special study of Church history and Oriental languages, partic- 
ularly Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic. In the Orphan School at Halle he had 
taught Latin, Greek, and mathematics. Helmuth was not 
so scholarly as Schmidt, but he was a more successful Helmuth 
pastor. In 1785 the University of Pennsylvania conferred Tutors Goering 
upon him, the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He had early 
practiced the role of theological instructor. While still a young man and in 
his first pastorate he had taken a promising lad into his parsonage at Lancas- 
ter and for several years had tutored him in the theological branches. This was 


51 





Joun FREDERICK SCHMIDT 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Jacob Goering, a native of York County, and the first Lutheran pastor 
born west of the Susquehanna. Goering entered the ministry in 1774 as 
pastor at Carlisle, but the scene of his chief labors was in and about York. 
He was an indefatigable student and his attainments reflected great credit 
on his preceptor. Goering in turn became the theological tutor of a 
long line of other ministers. 
Neither Helmuth nor Schmidt approached Kunze in 
Spiritually scholarly ability. They were disposed to lay more em- 
Minded phasis on the qualifications of the heart than on theolog- 
ical acumen as requirements in the prospective pastors. 
Dr. Helmuth maintained very intimate relations with the Moravians and 
this helped to make him averse to sharp theological definitions. All these 
qualities were reflected in the careers of the students whom Helmuth and 
Schmidt instructed in the theological branches. 
Pastors Helmuth and Schmidt shared the work of the 
Their Students Philadelphia congregation and the task of theological 
instruction until 1812, when Schmidt died. Helmuth con- 
tinued the work eight years longer, though he did not die until 1825. A 
review of the names of those whom they instructed in theology serves to 
impress the reader with the vastness of their labors along that line and the 
invaluable contributions they made to the life of the Lutheran Church in 
this country. 
Two young men who came under Helmuth’s tutelage even before 
Schmidt became his associate were filled with such fiery zeal for the souls 
of men that it carried them out as pioneer home mis- 
Butler and sionaries among the scattered Lutherans on the western 
Steck frontiers. One of these was John George Butler. He 
was one of Dr. Helmuth’s own parishioners. Returning 
from service in the army during the Revolutionary War he took up the study 
of theology under his pastor and was licensed in 1779. He is chiefly noted 
for his extensive labors as traveling missionary of the Pennsylvania Minis- 
terium in the western parts of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Tennessee. The 
other of these young missionaries was John Michael Steck. He had been a 
member of Schmidt’s congregation in Germantown, but had studied under 
Helmuth in Philadelphia and entered the ministry the year before Schmidt 
removed to Philadelphia. After a short pastorate in Chambersburg he 
moved westward across the mountains through Bedford and Somerset Coun- 
ties and closed his career as a missionary in Westmoreland County. Both 
of these men reflected abundantly the pious zeal of their theological in- 
structor. 
After Helmuth and Schmidt had become colleagues in the pastorate and 
in the work of teaching, one of their most celebrated students was Chris- 
tian Endress. He was a descendant of that Jacob Endress who had signed 


52 


PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 


the Augsburg Confession in 1530. Endress began his theological studies 
upon his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1790. Pastor 
Schmidt taught him Church history and hermeneutics 

while Dr. Helmuth taught him theology proper. His Christian 
chief ministry was at Lancaster. He strongly urged the Endress 
introduction of the English language into the Church 

even at the cost of his personal popularity. He was disposed to be liberal 
in his theological views even to the verge of rationalism. He spent thirty- 
four years in the ministry, the last twelve as pastor of Trinity Church in 
Lancaster. 

Another of the distinguished men tutored by pastors Helmuth and 
Schmidt was George Lochman. Dr. Helmuth himself had discovered the 
fine qualities in the young man and had bent his interest 
towards the ministry as his life-work. He graduated George 
from the University in 1789. Then for five years, while Lochman 
he was teaching Latin and Greek in the University, 
he prosecuted his theological studies. Licensed by the Pennsylvania Minis- 
terium in 1794, he was for twenty-one years the pastor of Old Salem 
Church in Lebanon and for the remaining eleven years of his life the pas- 
tor of Zion Church in Harrisburg. By his own work in training men for 
the pulpit he repaid abundantly the labors of the Philadelphia pastors on 
his behalf. 

J. G. Schmucker, afterwards prominent in the founding of the Gettys- 
burg Seminary, also received his chief theological instruction from the two 
pastors in Philadelphia. After studying for a year 
under the direction of his own pastor, Paul Henkel, at J. G.Schmucker 
Woodstock, Virginia, Schmucker came to Philadelphia in 
1790 and for two years prosecuted both his classicaf and his theological 
studies under Helmuth and Schmidt. He was licensed in 1792. His first 
charge was in York County and here he continued his studies in theology 
and particularly in Hebrew under the direction of Jacob Goering, who was 
then pastor in York. After a pastorate of fifteen years in Hagerstown, 
Maryland, Schmucker became Goering’s successor in York and there labored 
with great success for twenty-six years. He was for many years president 
of the Board of Directors of the Gettysburg Seminary. In 1814 he sent 
his fifteen-year-old son Samuel to Philadelphia, where for two years he con- 
tinued under Dr. Helmuth the theological studies he had begun in the par- 
sonage at York. 

Another distinguished student under the Philadelphia pastors was Jacob 
Miller. He had begun his studies of theology at Goshenhoppen, Montgom- 
ery County, under the direction of his pastor, Dr. Geis- 
senhainer. But in 1808, when his pastor removed to New Jacob Miller 
York City, Miller went to Philadelphia to complete his 
studies under Helmuth and Schmidt. During the last twenty years of his 

53 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


life (1829-1850) he was pastor of Trinity Church, in Reading, the succes- 
sor of H. A. Muhlenberg. 
Prominent also in the work of the Church was Wil- 
William Baetis liam Baetis. It was towards the close of Pastor 
Schmidt’s career that Baetis took his course of instruc- 
tion under the Philadelphia pastors. He began his long ministry in 1810 
and labored at various points in Lebanon County and at Zion’s Church, in 
Lancaster. Thirty years before his death he was elected “Senior” of the 
Pennsylvania Ministerium, and he is commonly known as “Senior Baetis.” 
After the death of Schmidt, in 1812, Helmuth con- 
J. C. W. Jaeger tinued the work of theological instruction; while in the 
pastorate he had the able assistance of Dr. F. D. 
Schaeffer. From this period of Dr. Helmuth’s labors as tutor came another 
pastor who distinguished himself by establishing new churches among the 
Lutherans beyond the mountains. This was John Christian William 
Jaeger. He was a member of Helmuth’s own church and for several 
years had helped in the work of the parochial school there. Having studied 
theology under his pastor he was licensed as a preacher in 1819 and by 
his pioneer missionary work he came to be known as the Apostle of 
Lutheranism in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. 
Many other names grace the roster of those who were 
And Many guided in their theological studies by these untiring pas- 
Others tors in Philadelphia. Such are John C. Baker, John P. 
Hecht, Carl Philip Miller, Frederick Heyer and Daniel 
Ulrich. Others, like Jacob Senderling and David F. Schaeffer, came under 
Helmuth’s instruction in the University and may have received from 
him their inspiration for the ministry as a 
calling, but took their theological training from 
other pastors. 
Long before Helmuth and Schmidt laid 
down the work of private 











Streit Teaches theological instruction it had 
Henkel and been taken up by others. 
Carpenter The students of Muhien- 


berg and Wrangell had 
begun to discharge their obligations for their 
private tutoring by training up their own spir- 
itual sons for the Lutheran ministry. Chris- 
tian Streit, one of the first students, as we have 
seen, to come under the instruction of the 
learned Dr. Wrangel, became a chaplain in the 
Revolutionary Army and after the war settled at Winchester, Virginia. 
Here he instructed a number of men for the ministry of the Lutheran 


54 





CHRISTIAN STREIT 


PRIVATE TUTORING INys BHEOLOGY 


Church in the south, among others, Paul Henkel and William Carpenter. 
By action of the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1804 he was officially des- 
ignated as one of “the teachers for the instruction of young preachers.” 

Muhlenberg’s own son, Henry Ernst, who had become pastor at Lan- 
caster after the war, took a prominent place in educa- 
tional circles. Not only did he occupy a front rank in H. E. Mublen- 
the science of botany, but he was also made the first berg Tutors 
president of Franklin College. In addition to these duties 
he undertook to direct the theological studies of a number of young can- 
didates for the ministry. One of these was Daniel Kurtz, son of that 
John Nicholas Kurtz whom the elder Muhlen- 
berg had helped to start on his American 
career. For nearly half a century © Daniel 
Kurtz was the influential pastor of Old Zion 
Church, in Baltimore. Another of young Muh- 
lenbere’s students in theology was his nephew, 
John Andrew Schultze, who afterwards was 
Governor of Pennsylvania. Still another of 
those who received their theological education 
in the parsonage at Lancaster was Benjamin 
Keller, a member of the Lancaster congrega- 
tion. Dr. Keller afterwards occupied many 
places of responsibility in the Church, among 
them the position of agent to secure funds to 
maintain a German professor at the Gettys- 
burg Seminary. Henry Ernst Muhlenberg, like his brothers, was 
zealous for the introduction of English as the language of the Luth- 
eran Church. At one time his congregation at Lancaster refused to con- 
tribute to the synodical treasury until young men should be educated to 
preach in English. A man of profound learning himself he was also 
apt to teach others. His students always gave a good account of their 
ministry. If the proposal for a joint Lutheran and Reformed theological 
seminary at Lancaster had been made during his life-time, as it was made 
three years after his death, the project might have been realized and H. E. 
Muh’‘enberg would then have been its first president. 

Christian Endress, who was Muhlenberg’s successor in Lancaster, con- 
tinued the work of instructing in theology. He also continued the Muhlen- 
berg traditions in favor of the English language. Among those whom 
he taught were A. G. Deininger and Jacob Albert. 

Henry A. Muhlenberg, the son of Henry Ernst, who H. A. Muhlen- 
was pastor at Reading from 1802 to 1827, inherited the berg Instructs 
mantle of his father and his grandfather. The most 
noteworthy product of his tutelage was his cousin, Dr, John W. Richards, 


59 





HENRY ERNST 
MUHLENBERG 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


one of the most active members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium during 
the second quarter of the nineteenth century. 
Across the Susquehanna from Lancaster, in York and 
Goering at various points in York County, Jacob Goering was 
Teaches Many discharging the obligation of gratitude he owed to Dr. 
Helmuth for taking him into the parsonage at Lancaster 
in 1770. A constant stream of students was passing under his instruction. 
His grandson places the number of them at twenty-two. Goering was a 
preacher of unusual ability and a dignified and 
scholarly man. He was well equipped person- 
ally for the work of teaching. He was an in- 
defatigable student all through his life and at- 
tained a high degree of proficiency in Latin, 
Greek, and in Hebrew and its cognate lan- 
guages. Tle was also a thorough student of 
early Church history. He published three con- 
troversial works against Anabaptists and Meth- 
odists. Of special distinction among those 
whom he taught was J. G. Schmucker who, as 
we have seen, began his theological work under 
Helmuth in Philadelphia. Another was John 
F. Ruthrauff, father of the two pastors, Fred- 
erick and Jonathan. Still another was the 
Frederick David Schaeffer who afterwards became the successor 
of J. F. Schmidt as the colleague of Dr. Helmuth in Philadelphia. 
Frederick David Schaeffer continued the true apos- 
F.D.Schaeffer’s tolic succession by educating his four sons for the minis- 
Sons try. These were David Frederick, whose entire ministry 
(1808-1836) was spent at Frederick, Maryland; Fred- 
erick Solomon, whose short ministry of four years at Hagerstown, Mary- 
land, was ended by an untimely death; Frederick Christian, whose chief 
ministry was in New York City (1815-1831) where he did valiant service 
against the rationalism that was current in his day; and Charles Frederick, 
who later had the distinction of teaching in three seminaries, Columbus, 
Gettysburg and Philadelphia. 
Two of these four brothers, Frederick Solomon and 
D. F. Schaeffer's | Charles Frederick, received part of their theological in- 
Work struction from their eldest brother. David Frederick 
Schaeffer was one of the most faithful and popular 
tutors in the generation that preceded the opening of the Gettysburg 
Seminary. He had been graduated from’ the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1807. He was always concerned about improving the intellectual stan- 
dards of the Lutheran ministry. For six years he edited the first English 


26 





JACOB GOERING 


PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 


Lutheran journal in America, the Lutheran Intelligencer. He helped to 
found the Maryland Synod in 1820. He had a very important agency, 


as we shall see, in establishing the Gettysburg 
Seminary in 1826. And until that institution 
was born, he gave his time and his parsonage 
in Frederick for the training of a large num- 
ber of men for the ministry. Chief among 
these were Charles Philip Krauth, afterwards 
the second professor in the Gettysburg Sem- 
inary; Emanuel Greenwald, one of the pioneers 
in the work in Ohio; D. Rosemiller, another 
Ohio pioneer; D. J. Hauer, faithful home mis- 
sionary in the East; and Benjamin Keller. 
Others were M. Meyerheffer, William and 
Daniel Jenkins, John Winter, John N. Hoff- 
man, John Kehler, Jacob Medtart, F. J. Ruth, 
and Martin Wachter. Dr. Schaeffer, with the 





Dr. SCHAEFFER 


scholarly traditions of his family and his own university education, must 
have felt very keenly the inadequacy of this method of private tutoring in 





GEORGE LOCHMAN 


theology and must have longed deeply for some 
well-established institution where the theolog- 
ical training of Lutheran ministers might be 
accomplished with greater thoroughness. 

Another of the students of Helmuth and 
Schmidt who in turn became a theological pre- 
ceptor of others was Dr. George Lochman. In 
his parsonage at Lebanon 


and afterwards at Harris- George 
burg he always had a num- Lochman’s 
ber of young men under his Many Students 


care as tutor. Dr.: Loch- 

man was one of those appointed by the Penn- 
sylvania Ministerium to train the ministerial 
candidates in his part of the state. His own 


son, Dr. Augustus H. Lochman, long the pastor at York, received his the- 
ological education from his father and estimated that more than thirty 
others were trained by the same hand. Among the first of these was Dr. 
J. C. Baker, who had begun his studies under the Philadelphia pastors. 
Some of the others were Benjamin Kurtz, Emanuel Keller, George Reim- 
ensnyder, Jonathan and Frederick Ruthrauff, J. P. Shindle, David Eyster, 
John Stine, M. Stroh, Jesse Bahl, Jacob Schnee and Pastors Stecher, 


Scheurer and Mennig. 


When J. G. Schmucker succeeded Jacob Goering at York in 1809 he 


7 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


continued Goering’s work of tutoring young candidates for the ministry. 
Most prominent among those whom he thus instructed was his own son, 

Samuel Simon. This son 
J.G.Schmucker afterwards continued his 
Teaches theological studies under 

Dr. Helmuth in  Philadel- 
phia and then at Princeton Seminary. Other 
students of Dr. J. G. Schmucker were Daniel 
Gottwald, Reuben Weiser, Jesse Hoover, J. K. 
Hoshour, Michael Eyster, Nicholas Sharretts, 
J. H. Herbst and Charles A. Morris. While 
still at Hagerstown, Dr. Schmucker was off- 
cially named by the Synod as a teacher of 
prospective ministers. 

Among the Lutheran churches south of the 
Potomac the same method was used in re- 
cruiting the ministerial ranks. Paul Henkel, 
of New Market, Virginia, had received his theological training partly from 
Christian Streit at Winchester, Virginia, and partly from J. A. Krug, the 
Lutheran pastor at Frederick, Maryland. He 
was licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium, 

in 1792 and became the 
Henkel Trains greatest home missionary of 
Five Sons the Eutheran Church eatter 

the Revolution. In the in- 
tervals between his many missionary journeys 
he helped to train a goodly number of young 
men for the ministry. -He had come from a 
long line of ministerial ancestry extending back 
to the Reformation and he continued the suc- 
cession in his own family. Five of his six 
sons he trained for the Lutheran ministry. 
Philip became one of the organizers of the 
Tennessee Synod in 1820 and in turn prepared 
two of his own sons as Lutheran ministers; Ambrose was chiefly distin- 
guished as a publisher of Lutheran works at New Market; Andrew labored 
as pastor in Ohio; David was the moving spirit in the Tennessee Synod, a 
home missionary and a writer, and he trained two of his sons, Polycarp 
and Socrates, for distinguished service in the Lutheran Church of the 
South; Charles was a missionary in Ohio and was the theological preceptor 
of son, Dr. D. M. Henkel. 

To the strong ministerial tradition in the Henkel family the Lutheran 
Church in America owes many a fine gift, both in literature and in per- 
sonality, including nearly a hundred ministers and many prominent doctors 

58 





JOHN GEORGE SCHMUCKER 





PAUL HENKEL 


PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 


and business men. The unbroken chain of ministerial succession in the 
family, the father in each case training his own sons for the ministry, has 


been styled “a sort of family theological seminary.” It 
is perhaps only a coincidence that the Henkel parson- The New Mar- 
age at New Market, where J. G. Schmucker had re- ket Parsonage 


ceived his first instruction in theology, was afterwards 

occupied by Schmucker’s son, Samuel Simon, and that even while the vener- 
able Paul Henkel was still living there in New Market, young Schmucker 
began in that parsonage a sort of pro-seminary, privately preparing students 
for the Lutheran ministry and incidentally training himself for his future 
life-work at Gettysburg. 

There were other private tutors of theology in the South. Pastor C. A. 
G. Stork, of Salisbury, North Carolina, was a gradute of Helmstedt Uni- 
versity and in spite of his feeble health directed the 
theological studies of several candidates for the min- Other Tutors 
istry, among them Gottlieb Shober, one of the found- in the South 
ers of the General Synod. William Carpenter, who had 
studied theology under Christian Streit and who was for twenty-six years 
pastor of old Hebron Church in his native Madison County, Virginia, was 
the theological preceptor of George D. Flohr and several others in the 
southern part of the Church. Among the Salzburgers of Georgia the 
learned and devout John Ernest Bergmann, who was the last of the pastors 
sent from Germany to Georgia, educated his son, Christopher F., and he 
was ordained by the new Synod of South Carolina in 1824, just in time 
to succeed his father at Ebenezer. Dr. John Bachman, of Charleston, South 
Carolina, who afterwards led in the establishment of the theological semi- 
nary in South Carolina, was private tutor in theology to John G. Schwartz, 
first professor in that Seminary, and Stephen D. Mealy. In Catawba 
County, North Carolina, Daniel Moser took his son, Jonathan R., and taught 
him theology until he was ready to be ordained by the Tennessee Synod 
in 1836. In Guilford County of the same state, Rev. Jacob Scherer, the 
progenitor of a long line of worthy ministers, prepared his own brother 
Daniel for the ministry in the 1820’s. In this way the pastors of the Church 
in the South helped to assure a succession of ministers until their theolog- 
ical seminary began in 1829. 

Meanwhile farther north the pastors on the frontiers as well as those in 
more settled parts of the country continued to lay their hands upon likely 
young men and give them their start or their entire 
course in the theological branches. In western Penn- In Western 
sylvania J. M. Steck and Jacob Schnee prepared M. J. Pennsylvania 
Steck for his ordination by the Pennsylvania Synod in 
1816, and Jonas Mechling for his ordination by the Ohio Synod in 1820. 
Mechling afterwards became Steck’s successor at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, 


59 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


where he ministered for twenty years. He in turn took his parishioner, 
Dewaldt Rothacker, and with the aid of Missionary Stauch, prepared him 
for his ministry of forty-eight years at various places in Ohio. 
At Easton, Pennsylvania, John P. Hecht, former 
Farther East student of Dr. Helmuth and Pastor Schmidt in Phila- 
delphia, instructed Henry S. Miller in Reinhart’s Dog- 
matics and other text-books, and he was licensed in 1823. Others whom 
Hecht taught were J. C. Schoenberg, who became a missionary in Illinois, 
Joseph B. Gross, Richard Collier, and Nathan Jaeger. At Hanover, Penn- 
sylvania, Rev. F. V. Melsheimer prepared Abraham Reck, of Littlestown, 
for his licensure by the Ministerium in 1812. Reck’s first charge was at 
Winchester, Virginia, and here he helped Charles Philip Krauth at the be- 
ginning of his theological studies. Later on Reck settled at Middletown, 
Maryland, and here he was instrumental in sending into the Lutheran minis- 
try such useful men as Ezra Keller, founder of Wittenberg College; David 
F. Bittle, founder of Roanoke College; William A. Wadsworth and John 
Gaver. Still later he organized the first English Lutheran Church in Cin- 
cinnati. Reck’s teacher at Hanover, Pennsylvania, Rev. Mr. Melsheimer, 
was named by the Pennsylvania Ministerium as one of the recognized in- 
structors of theological candidates. 
In New Jersey, at New Germantown, Ernst L. 
In New Jersey Hazelius conducted the theological studies of George B. 
Miller, his assistant teacher in the classical academy 
there. Miller was licensed in 1819 and eight years later he became the 
colleague of Dr. Hazelius on the faculty of Hartwick Seminary and in 1830 
his successor as principal of that institution. 
The Lutheran pastors of New York State gave their time also for the 
private tutoring of theological candidates. Dr. George A. Lintner received 
his instruction in theology from his pastor, Rev. Peter 
In New York W. Domeier, in the Mohawk Valley. He was 
licensed by the New York Ministerium in 1818, and be- 
came one of the founders of the Hartwick Synod. In New York City, 
John P. Goertner received part of his training in theology from Dr. Fred- 
erick C. Schaeffer. At Rhinebeck, Dr. F. H. Quitman, for eighteen years 
the forceful president of the New York Ministerium, instructed many 
young men in those parts in the theological branches. In this work he was 
ably assisted by his son-in-law, Dr. Augustus Wackerhagen, of Schoharie 
and Columbia County. Their labors as theological tutors extended over 
about thirty years, from 1795 to 1825. Quitman was an outspoken rational- 
ist, a disciple of Semler at Halle, but there is little indication that he 
forced his rationalistic views on his pupils. Among the many ministers 
whom he helped to tutor was Dr. John C. Bachman, the distinguished 
Lutheran scholar and churchman in the south. 


60 


PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 


But the teacher of chief distinction in New York before the beginning 
uf theological seminaries was Dr. F. W. Geissenhainer. He was a graduate 
of the Universities of Giessen and Goettingen. For a 
while he had taught in the University of Goettingen. In F. W. Geissen- 
1793, at the age of twenty-two, Geissenhainer came to hainer 
America and accepted a call from several congre- 
gations in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Here he began his practice 
of directing the attention of young men to the Christian ministry and him- 
self undertaking their theological instruction. One of these young men 
from Montgomery County to come under Dr. Geissenhainer’s tutelage was 
that Jacob Miller to whom reference has already been made as having 
completed his studies under Helmuth and Schmidt, and who afterwards 
became Dr. Geissenhainer’s son-in-law and his successor in Montgomery 
County, and then the successor of H. A. Muhlenberg at Reading. In 1894 
the Pennsylvania Ministerium officially designated Dr. Geissenhainer as 
one of the synodical “teachers for the instruction of young preachers.” 
Before Dr. Kunze died he recommended Dr. Geissenhainer to be his suc- 
cessor as pastor of the German Lutheran churches of New York. Dr. 
Geissenhainer accepted the call and labored on that important field for 
thirty years except for an interval of eight years spent in Montgomery 
County, Pennsylvania. Here in New York he did his chief work as 
theological preceptor. 

In depth of learning Dr. Geissenhainer was a worthy successor of Dr. 
Kunze. He spoke Latin fluently. His early experience in teaching at Goet- 
tingen made him a careful and thorough-going tutor of 
his private students in America. He did all of his work His Students 
in German and he was quite conservative on the matter 
of transition to English, but the firm evangelical quality of his doctrinal 
position did much to counteract the rationalistic influence of Dr. Quitman in 
the New York Ministerium. One of the first products of his theological 
tutoring in New York was his own son, of the same name, who afterwards 
became his father’s assistant and successor in the New York churches and 
the first president of the Board of Trustees of the Philadelphia Seminary. 
Some of the other men whom the elder Dr. Geissenhainer tutored in 
theology were his nephew, Anastasius T. Geissenhainer, who was a diligent 
liturgical scholar; his grandson, Frederick W. Miller; Dr. C. F. Welden, 
who was one of the founders of the General Council; Lewis Smith, J. G. 
Roeller, Frederick Waage, Ernst Brauns, J. W. Starman, W. J. Eyer, 
J. C. G. Schwirtzerbarth, Mark Harpel, and W. A. Fetter. 

Dr. Geissenhainer, like his predecessor, Dr. Kunze, felt very keenly the 
need of an institution, under the direction of the synods and centrally lo- 
cated, for the thorough training of men for the Lutheran pulpits. When the 
General Synod was organized in 1820 he wrote a letter from New 


61 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


York urging upon the new body the establishment of such an_institu- 
tion. And if the New York Ministerium had remained 
Need of a in connection with the General Synod until its theological 
Seminary institution was established, Dr. Giessenhainer would 
probably have been chosen its first professor or one 
Olt hts? e pIoLessol ; 

We have recounted only the most representative of the private tutors 
in theology during the period between the Revolutionary War and the found- 
ing of the General Synod. Many others there were, in more obscure stations 
and with even less adequate facilities, who were making the same sort of 
sacrifice in time and energy to assure a succession of native ministers for 
the Lutheran Church in America. 

The intellectual qualifications of these teachers were 

The Quality of often high, particularly in the case of those who had 

the Teaching been trained at European universities. Most of the in- 

structors whom we have mentioned were so eminent in 

learning that they received the doctorate of divinity from the University of 

Pennsylvania or from Columbia or from Harvard and that too at a time 

when such a degree was a special distinction. They were thoroughly dis- 

ciplined in mind and despite the extreme difficulty of the circumstances 

under which they taught in America they were usually quite rigid and 
painstaking in their training of ministerial candidates. 

The curriculum of the average theological course received in this way 
was determined by the standards of the times and the circumstances under 

which the teaching was done. It consisted largely of 
The Subjects dogmatics and the Biblical languages. Neither teachers 
Studied nor pupils were fastidious concerning text-books. Almost 

any books that were available were made to serve the 
purpose. In general, those who taught in German avoided the products of 
the rationalistic authors so popular in Germany at that time. Fortunately 
for those who taught in English or used Latin text-books, few of the Ger- 
man rationalistic works had as yet been translated into those languages. 
So far as the text-books are concerned, therefore, the teaching was mostly 
positive and evangelical. A great variety of books were used, among 
them Mosheim’s Elementa Theologiae Dogmaticae (which we know was 
warmly commended by such teachers as J. G. Schmucker, of York, and 
F. C. Sthaeffer, of New York), Reinhardt’s Dogmatics, and Storr and 
Flatt’s Biblical Theology. Much emphasis was laid upon the study of the 
original languages of the Bible. Correct exegesis was properly valued, 
and the preaching was largely exegetical and expository. Some of the 
teachers were highly proficient not only in Latin and Greek, but also in the 
Oriental languages, and this was reflected in the training of their pupils 
as well as the synodical examination of candidates. The training in the 


62 


PRIVATES AU PORING INI i BOLOGY 


practical department of theology was received in the laboratory of ex- 
perience and observation. The candidate in many cases helped to teach the 
parochial school, assisted in catechetical instruction, acted as organist or 
chorister, or both, helped in pastoral visitation, and even substituted for his 
teacher occasionally in filling his preaching appointments. Where it was 
feasible, the preceptor took the candidate into his parsonage as one of the 
family and gave him constant access to his library. The method of in- 
struction was largely catechetical, questions and answers concerning the 
assigned text-book material. In many cases the training was carried on 
with special reference to the character and content of the synodical exami- 
nation which lay before. This, as we have seen, was likely to be exacting 
enough to demand a long period of diligent study on the part of the can- 
didate. For if the first examination was not successfully passed, the 
candidate was frankly refused licensure or else delayed in his promotion 
to the full standing of pastor. 

Both teachers and pupils must have felt the inadequacy of this method 
of ministerial training, and in view of Muhlenberg’s ideals and plans for a 
seminary and in view of Kunze’s efforts at starting a 
theological school, this method of private tutoring must Private Tutor- 
have been regarded as only temporary, a makeshift to ing Inadequate 
tide over the Lutheran Church in America until some 
more adequate method could be evolved. The stream of ministerial re- 
cruits from beyond the Atlantic had died out. It was perilous to depend 
on the schools of other denominations for the training of Lutheran minis- 
ters. Apart from the private tutoring of candidates there remained only 
one other alternative, and that was to begin, however humbly and feebly 
at first, a Lutheran Theological Seminary on American soil. The first faint 
beginning in this direction was made in New York State, where we have 
seen Kunze and Geissenhainer and others assiduously instructing such men 
as they found willing or could persuade to prepare for the Gospel ministry. 
The first professor in this first theological seminary was John Christopher 
Kunze. But the institution itself bears the name of John Christopher 
Hartwick. 


Or Dated il dane ANS 
HARTWICK SEMINARY 


John Christopher Hartwick had begun as early as 1752 to plan for the 
establishment of a training school for Lutheran preachers. But forty-five 
years elapsed before his school had any sort of exist- 
A Plan Long ence, and nearly twenty years more before it was lo- 
Cherished cated and the first building erected. When it did come 
into existence, while it served a useful purpose, its loca- 
tion and its character were such that it did not by any means meet the full 
need of the Church. It left abundant room for an institution more centrally 
located, more thoroughly organized, and officially sponsored by the general 
synodical organization of the Lutheran Church in America. Yet, for more 
than a century and a quarter, Hartwick Seminary, in spite of its disadvan- 
tages, has aided materially in the preparation of men for Lutheran pulpits. 
We are chiefly concerned here about the foundation of the school and that 
part of its history that antedates the beginning of the Seminary at Gettys- 
burg. 
Pastor Hartwick came to America about 1745, when he was about thirty 
years old. He was born in Saxe-Gotha, in the province of Thuringia, Ger- 
many, and had early come under pietistic influence. He 
Hartwick’s received a thorough education in Germany and came to 
Career the province of New York at the call of several 
Lutheran congregations in Albany and Dutchess 
Counties. These congregations consisted largely of the survivors and de- 
scendants of those Palatines who had come to America a generation earlier 
and had been served by Falckner, Kocherthal, and Berkenmeier. Hartwick 
settled at Rhinebeck and from that point served a number of congregations. 
At that time Berkenmeier was laboring in New York City. But he would 
have no dealings with Hartwick. Their antecedents were different. Hart- 
wick cultivated relations with Muhlenberg and other pastors in Pennsyl- 
vania. He helped Muhlenberg to organize the Synod in Philadelphia in 
1748 and preached the ordination sermon on that occasion. He frequently 
heard of Muhlenberg’s plans for a theological seminary. 
After twelve years of a more or less settled pastorate 
His Eccen- at Rhinebeck, Hartwick began that itinerant career that 
tricity characterized him to the end of his days. He received 
calls from various congregations in Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land, Virginia and New England. But he declined all calls as permanent 


64 


HARTWICK SEMINARY 


pastor and never remained long at any one place. He never married. 
Many are the traditions concerning his personal eccentricities. Strong 
proof of his constitutional peculiarity is seen in the will and testament 
by which he established the Seminary that bears his name. The terms 
of that will not only puzzled the executors, but also delayed and hampered 
the work of the school. Nevertheless the institution began to function 
in 1797, the year after Hartwick’s death. To understand the spirit and 
purpose of the school we must trace the steps that led to its establishment 
by Hartwick. 

J. C. Hartwick was intensely interested in the saving of souls. From 
pietistic circles in Germany he had caught the missionary spirit. Before he 
came to America he had been associated with Dr. Cal- 
lenberg in his institution at Hamburg where they His Missionary 
trained missionaries for work among Jews and Moham- Spirit 
medans. His call to America Pastor Hartwick regarded 
as a missionary call. After his arrival in America he was not only deeply 
concerned about his destitute brethren in the faith but even more concerned 
about the unevangelized red man on the western borders. 

With the Indians, especially the powerful tribes of the Mohawks, Hart- 
wick cultivated friendly contacts. Perhaps it was in part the natural rest- 
lessness of his own character that caused him to be at- 
tracted to the natives and led him to associate with them Purchase of 
on familiar terms. Perhaps it was purely his interest in Indian Lands 
the welfare of their souls. Perhaps there were 
other motives. At any rate, we soon find him receiving concessions of 
land from them. A purchase of thirty-six square miles in central New 
York in 1750 for one hundred pounds was not valid because Hartwick 
had neglected to secure from the colonial authorities the license required 
to purchase lands from the Indians. In 1752 Hartwick and ten others 
secured the required license from Governor Clinton and two years later 
they purchased another tract of the same size and for the same price. 
This tract coincided substantially with what was later the township of 
Hartwick in Otsego County. The return of the survey in 1755 showed 
that the tract contained over 21,000 acres. Several years later Hartwick 
bought the interest of seven of the patentees and so became the owner 
of eight elevenths of the whole tact, or nearly 16,000 acres. It was this 
estate that Hartwick intended should furnish the location and the endow- 
ment of his theological seminary. 

But after Hartwick’s death, which took place in 1796, it was found that 
less than three thousand acres remained in his estate. The rest had been 
disposed of by his agent and manager, William Cooper, father of James 
Fenimore. More than half of the funds accruing from these sales 
were lost in the hands of Hartwick’s executors so that the schedule of 


65 


HISTORY- OF GETTYSBURG. SEMINARY 


his estate in 1801 valued his property at less than $16,000. By the terms 
of his will this was to be used for the establishment of an institution which 
he designated as a Gymnasium Evangelicum Mimsteriale 
Value of pro propagatione Evangelicae Christianae Religionts inter 
His Estate Gentiles, that is, a classical. school to train miun- 
isters for the spreading of evangelical Christianity 
among the heathen. 
Hartwick’s will is a curious instrument. It is couched in very remark- 
able forms of expression, and it embodies quaint and often impossible 
details. But the main purpose of the testator is plain. It 
His Will names as executors Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, of Albany, 
and F. A. Muhlenberg, then speaker of the House of 
Representatives. As literary directors to appoint good learned Lutherans 
for the “Theological Faculty of the Seminarium” it names J. C. Kunze, 
president of the New York Ministerium, and J. C. Helmuth, president of 
the Pennsylvania Ministerium. The design of the institution is declared to 
be the training of young men, properly qualified in body and mind, for 
the preaching of the Gospel to the Indians. It is provided also that 
“whenever there should be no more occasion for missionaries to red or 
black heathens, or the revenue of my estate will bear it, the compass of 
instruction may be enlarged to catechetical instruction, and if, after that, 
Providence should provide sufficient means, also to classical learning.” 
Dr. Helmuth declined to act as literary director of the proposed sem- 
inary “on account of the multiplicity of my other concerns and the remote- 
ness of my residence.” The other three representatives 
A Faculty of the estate met in New York City in September, 1797. 
Chosen They decided that it was impossible to carry out 
that part of the will which provided for the building 
of a city on the tract in Otsego County. So they resolved to found at 
once a theological missionary institute. The question of location was 
deferred for consideration at a future time. But they proceeded imme- 
diately to elect a faculty for the new school. Three men were chosen. 
Dr. Kunze was elected theological professor, to continue his residence in 
New York, and to receive a salary of five hundred dollars. Rev. A. T. 
Braun, pastor of Ebenezer Lutheran Church, in Albany, was chosen ass’s- 
tant professor to teach students in the preparatory course there, and his 
salary was fixed at two hundred and fifty dollars. Professor Braun had 
formerly been a Roman Catholic missionary among the Indians and so 
had special qualifications for this work. Both of these men were to con- 
tinue their work as pastors of their respective congregations until other 
plans could be devised. But Rev. John Frederick Ernst, pastor at Athens 
and Churchtown, was engaged at a salary of two hundred and fifty dol- 
lars and the free use of one hundred acres of land, to settle among the 


66 


HARTWICK SEMINARY 


people on the Hartwick tract in Otsego County and instruct their children 
in the common school branches. | 

These appropriations covered the income of the estate, and the plans 
thus formed were put into effect at once. Hartwick Seminary, therefore, 
may be said to have begun in 1797, twenty-nine years 
before the Gettysburg Seminary began. Pastor Ernst The Seminary 
removed to Cooperstown and took up the work of preach- Begins 
ing and teaching school. Pastor Braun in Albany 
and later at Schoharie prepared young men for the study of theology. 
And Dr, Kunze in New York was at last a “professor of divinity.” This 
arrangement embodied the essentials of a preparatory school, a college, 
and a theological seminary. The library of this scattered institution was at 
Schenectady, where Hartwick had deposited 420 volumes for the use of 
his school after buildings should have been erected. _We are concerned 
here only about the theological department of the institution. 

No one in America was better qualified to fill this first Lutheran pro- 
fessorship of theology than Dr. Kunze. We have already learned of his 
qualifications. He was now not only the busy pastor 


of the united churches in New York City, but also the Kunze as 
permanent president of the New York Ministerium. But Theological 
in addition to these duties he took up the work of tutor- Professor 


ing candidates for the ministry on the Hartwick foun- 
dation. The number of candidates was never large. The Hartwick estate 
was involved in vicissitudes and Kunze’s salary was reduced. The ques- 
tion of a proper site for the permanent location of the school perplexed 
the executors. But Kunze continued the work of instruction in New 
York until his death in 1807. , 

The purpose of preparing missionaries for work among the Indians, 
as intended by MHartwick’s will, was not served by the institution. 
Kunze entered with enthusiasm upon the idea of a 
missionary institute. He prepared an elaborate plan No Mission- 
for missions among the aborigines and submitted his aries Trained 
plan to President Washington. But the President de- 
cided that the plan would require Congressional sanction, and _ this 
never came. The retreat of the Indians before the advancing 
frontier of European civilization made the red man relatively inaccessible, 
and the demand for ministers among Lutheran congregations absorbed 
the entire output,,of Dr. Kunze’s, and: Professor Braun’s laboss. 

Among those who enjoyed the instruction of Dr. 

Kunze on the basis of the Hartwick endowment are sev- Notable 
eral notable names. There was Philip F. Mayer. He Students 
was a step-son of Dr. F. H. Quitman, of Rhinebeck, 

but grew up as a member of Kunze’s congregation in New York. After 


67 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


graduating from Columbia College he studied theology under Dr. Kunze, 
spending about two hours with him each day for three years. Then he 
was ordained by the New York Ministerium. He served 
P. F. Mayer a short pastorate at Athens, New York, but is chiefly 
notable for his long pastorate (1806-1858) at St. John’s 
Church, in Philadelphia, the first congregation established in America for 
Lutheran services in English. He may be regarded as the first graduate 
of the Theological Department of Hartwick Seminary. The year when 
he completed his studies there was 1803. 
Three years later Frederick G. Mayer, a brother of 
F. G. Mayer Philip, completed his theological studies under Dr. Kunze 
and so graduated from Hartwick Seminary. For thirty- 
five years he was pastor of the Lutheran Church in Albany. 
Another student under Kunze in New York was Henry A. Muhlenberg, 
a grandson of the patriarch. His father was the pastor in Lancaster, Penn- 
sylvania. When young Muhlenberg had completed his 
H. A. theological studies under his uncle, Dr. Kunze, he re- 
Muhlenberg turned to his native state and accepted the charge of 
Trinity Church, in Reading. Here he labored with great 
fidelity until his impaired health forced him to resign in 1827. He later 
became distinguished in the sphere of politics. 
The year after Frederick Mayer finished his work under Dr. Kunze, 
that is, in 1807, Dr. Kunze died. Then for several years 
John Bachman there was no theological instruction on the Hartwick 
foundation except such as was done by Professor Braun, 
who was now the pastor of the Gilead pastorate north and northeast of 
Albany. Braun was for a time the preceptor of John Bachman, but Bach- 
man’s theological studies were completed under the direction of F. H. 
Quitman and P. F. Mayer. For a time during this period Dr. Quitman, 
of Rhinebeck, was also in the employ of the Hartwick estate and in this 
capacity taught his son William and a Lewis Ring. Mr. Ring, however, 
did not enter the ministry. 
It is interesting to note that while Dr. Kunze was 
Introducing conducting the Theological Department of Hartwick 
English Seminary he was also helping to prepare the Church for 
the transition to the English language. He published an 
English hymn-book and an English translation of Luther’s Catechism. 
He even tried himself to preach English, but with little success. He 
secured an English-speaking assistant pastor in Rev. George Strebeck, 
whom he himself had tutored. Others whom he prepared during this 
period for ordination by the New York Ministerium were J. C. Wieting 
and G. J. Wichtermann. Kunze’s students were the first English Lutheran 
pastors in America. They helped to further the anglicizing process in 


68 


HARTWICK SEMINARY 


New York, and so rapid was that process that by the time of Kunze’s death 
English was made the official language of the Ministerium in that state. 
Moreover, Kunze’s students, by their firm evangelical positions, helped to 
disprove the charge that the English language is always the vehicle of 
rationalistic theology among Lutherans. With the exception of Dr. 
Quitman, who did only a little teaching on the Hartwick foundation, the 
work of these early teachers in Hartwick Seminary was always pos'tive 
and thoroughly evangelical. Dr. Kunze’s position on Lutheran theotogy 
did not change from what it had been in Philadelphia. Professor Braun 
was one of the few conservative men who had the courage openly to 
oppose the rationalistic views of Quitman and others. It was largely due 
to the influence of these early Hartwick men that the rationalistic spirit 
in the New York Ministerium was exorcised. 

When Dr. Kunze died in 1807, the permanent location of Hartwick Sem- 
inary had not yet been determined. Its location was destined to be a matter 
of serious import for its future and for the future of 
Lutheran theological education in general. A number of A Permanent 
ineffectual efforts had been made to fix upon a site. Location 
Rhinebeck made generous offers of land and subscriptions 
and was for a time favorably considered. If Rhinebeck had been chosen 
it seems likely that Dr. F. H. Quitman would have been the professor of 
theology and this would have been disastrous for the influence of the in- 
stitution. The United Lutheran churches of New York presented a claim 
for the institution, and if that claim had been granted Dr. Geissenhainer 
would probably have been the teacher of theology and it might not be 
necessary today to write the history of Gettysburg Seminary. The people 
of Cooperstown were anxious to connect the Seminary with their academy 
and offered a new building for this purpose. The Lutherans of Albany 
actually entered into articles of agreement with the administrators of the 
estate, selected an appropriate site in the neighborhood of the Capitol, and 
purchased stones for the foundation of the Seminary building. But then 
the inhabitants of the Hartwick tract, finding that they would be deprived 
of the annual contribution of one hundred and fifty dollars to their 
schools if the institution was located at Albany, insisted on the exact 
terms of Hartwick’s will and prepared to prosecute the administrators. 
So the Albany project was abandoned. 

When Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, the last of the executors, died in 1810 
his will appointed John G. Knauff, a practicing physician of Albany, to suc- 
ceed him as executor. After consulting with the officers 
of the New York Ministerium, Dr. Knauff determined A Building 
to locate the Seminary on the Hartwick tract in Ot- Erected 
sego County. The foundation of the first building 
was laid in 1812 and the building was completed in 1815. In December of 


69 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


that year the Seminary commenced its operations and the next August 
the regents of the University gave it a charter. A board of trustees con- 
sisting of five clergymen and seven laymen was named in the charter, and 
to this board Dr. Knauff at once transferred all that remained of the 





HARTWICK SEMINARY 


Hartwick estate, property then valued at about twenty-four thousand dol- 
lars, including the Seminary lot and buildings. 
Hartwick Seminary was now permanently located and in a position to 
function regularly, but its remote location was always felt to be something 
of a disadvantage. When it commenced its operations 
Early Students in its permanent home in 1815 there were nineteen 
students in attendance. Before the close of the first 
year forty-four were enrolled. How many of these were students of 
theology it is impossible to ascertain. It is known that the first graduate 
was Dr. H. N. Pohlman, who for twenty-one years was President of the 
New York Ministerium. From St. John’s English Lutheran Church in 
Philadelphia Dr. Mayer sent John Z. Senderling to Hartwick Seminary. 
But most of the students came from New York and New Jersey. The 
number of graduates in the theological department of the institution was 
never large. A list of the clergymen who received their training wholly 
or in part at Hartwick Seminary during the first hundred years of its 
existence includes two hundred and fifteen names. Among them are the 
names of many who attained great usefulness and eminence in the Luth- 
eran Church. 


70 


HARTWICK SEMINARY 


Before Dr. Knauff opened the Seminary in Otsego County and turned 
over its management to a board of trustees, he had selected and called a 
man to give his entire time to the teaching of its stu- 
cents. This selection was doubtless made in consultation Hazelius 
with the leading spirits of the New York Min- in Charge 
isterium. The man thus called to be the professor of 
Christian theology was Ernest Lewis Hazelius. Dr. Hazelius was not 
without experience as a teacher. For eight years he had taught in the 
Moravian Seminary at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, part of the time as pro- 
fessor of theology. Then for a short time he had taught in a classical 
school in Philadelphia, where he had come into close touch with Dr. Hel- 
muth. During the six years preceding his call to Hartwick he had been 
pastor at New Germantown, New Jersey, and had conducted a clasvical 
academy in addition. Thus he was well qualified for the work to which 
he was called at Hartwick Seminary. He entered upon his new work 
with great earnestness in 1815 and continued at that post for fifteen years 
until he was called to the Gettysburg Seminary. As his assistant in the 
work he had John A. Quitman, son of the president of the New York 
Ministerium and afterwards a major-general in the Mexican War and 
first governor of Mississippi. 

Hartwick Seminary was to be a Lutheran institution. The will of Pas- 
tor Hartwick appointed two eminent Lutheran laymen as executors, and as 
literary directors it named the two men who were at 
that time the presidents of the only two Lutheran synods A Lutheran 
in America. It is specified also that the faculty of the School 
school is to consist of “learned and Godly persons, 
regularly qualified according to the discipline of the Evangelick Church 
adhering to the Augustan Confession.” When the institution was incor- 
porated in' 1816 the act stated that the object of the testator was “to pro- 
mote the education of pious young men for the gospel ministry in the 
Lutheran Church.” It is also set forth that in accordance with the inten- 
tion of the testator the executor “together with the reverend synod of the 
Lutheran Church” has agreed upon a plan of incorporation. Concerning 
the charter of the institution it is enacted in the articles of incorporation 
that it shall be in the usual form of such academic charters, “except that 
the principal of the said seminary shall always be a Lutheran minister, of 
good standing, and that a majority of the trustees shall always be Luth- 
eran clergymen and laymen, whose duty it shall be, in addition to the other 
branches of education to be taught in the said seminary, to teach candidates 
for the gospel ministry, in the said seminary, a regular system of theology.” 
Of the first board of trustees, named in the charter, it appears that at 
least eight of the twelve were Lutherans, among them the president of 
the New York Ministerium and the Lutheran pastors at Albany, Schoharie, 


71 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


and Sharon. All this would seem to be a sufficient guarantee of the 
Lutheran character of the institution. 
The first professor of theology in the incorporated 
Hazelius a institution was a Lutheran by conviction. True, he had 
Lutheran Moravian antecedents. His parents were Moravian. He 
had been educated in Moravian institutions. He had 
even taught theology in a Moravian Seminary, and had come to America 
for that purpose. But he had severed his relations with the Moravian 
institution at Nazareth because he had come to differ with his Moravian 
brethren on questions of church government and discipline. Then he had 
identified himself with the Lutheran Church for whose theology he had 
always entertained a high regard and in whose ministerial ranks his pater- 
nal ancestors had furnished a long line of honored pastors. He had been 
licensed by the New York Ministerium to preach to several Lutheran 
congregations in New Jersey, and in 1815 he was ordained by that Minis- 
terium to become the Principal of Hartwick Seminary. While he could 
not entirely shake off the effects of his early Moravian training, yet his 
work of instruction at Hartwick and elsewhere and the publications that 
afterwards came from his pen clearly indicate his Lutheran convictions. 
Standards of Lutheranism have varied in our country from time to time, 
but according to the standard prevailing in the period from 1815 to 1826, 
Dr. Hazelius was a good Lutheran, fully as good, for example, as Dr. 
Helmuth, and better than Dr. Quitman and many others in prominence in 
the Lutheran Church at that time. 
By many tokens Hartwick Seminary was from the beginning a Luth- 
eran institution. By many implications it has always been an institution of 
one or more Lutheran synods. Its general influence 


General throughout its history has not always been the same. In 
Influence the stormy days of controversy in the General Synod the 
of Hartwick principal of Hartwick and many of her graduates took 


the side of “American Lutheranism’ and advocated the 
“new measures” of revivalism. The synod that was formed on this basis 
on the territory of the Western Conference of the New York Synod as 
early as 1830, took its name from Hartwick. And the men who withdrew 
from the Hartwick Synod in 1837 to constitute the still more liberal 
Franckean Synod were Hartwick men. But this tendency towards “Amer- 
ican Lutheranism” was not limited to any one synod or section of the 
Lutheran Church at that time nor to any one institution. The defection 
at Hartwick was short-lived and the fact remains that the general spirit 
of the Seminary was irenic and its general influence on the side of con- 
servative Lutheranism. 

It is correct, therefore, to say that Hartwick Seminary is the oldest 
Lutheran theological seminary in the United States. In a certain sense it 


72 


HARTWICK SEMINARY 


is the oldest Protestant seminary in this country, although Dr. Kunze’s 
work for Hartwick Seminary was closely paralleled by the work which 
Dr. Livingston began for the New Brunswick Seminary 


in 1785. But until 1808 theological studies were carried The Oldest 
on by most of the denominations in the regular curricula Lutheran 
of their colleges. In that year Andover Sem- Seminary 


inary opened its doors to students. Then came the 

Dutch seminary at New Brunswick in 1810, and the Presbyterian at Prince- 
ton in 18i2. As an institution with buildings, therefore, Hartwick wads the 
first seminary in New York State and the fourth in the United States. But 
in any sense it was the oldest Lutheran seminary in America. Unfortu- 
nately, it was not in a position to secure the full advantages that should 
have come from its priority in time. 

For undoubtedly Hartwick Seminary, in spite of its feeble beginnings 
and in spite of the purely missionary purpose of its founder, if it had 
been more centrally located for the Lutheran Church as 
a whole and therefore more accessible to the Lutheran Inadequate to 
constituency it tried to serve, would very early have been Meet the Need 
brought under the direct control of the Lutheran 
synods and would have enlisted their whole-hearted support, and then it 
would have flourished so abundantly as to have made unnecessary the estab- 
lishment of any other Lutheran seminary for generations among the Luth- 
erans of Muhlenberg descent. But under the circumstances as they actu- 
ally were, the Lutheran Church could not feel that Hartwick Seminary, 
either at its inception in 1797 or at its incorporation in 1816, or at the 
formation of the General Synod in 1820, or at any point along the line 
of its entire history, could adequately meet the demand for the training 
of ministers for the Lutheran pulpits in America. A brief review of the 
general situation in the Church in the early nineteenth century will make 
this clear. 


73 


CHAP RERSV I. 


THE CHURCH IN 1826 


During the first quarter of the nineteenth century a new spirit laid 
ho'd on the Lutheran Church in America. It was the spirit of self-reli- 
ance, self-evaluation and general aggressiveness. Out of this spirit the 
Gettysburg Seminary was born. 

This spirit of self-reliance and enterprise the Lutheran Church shared 
not only with the other Christian churches in America, but also with the 

nation. The spirit of nationality received great impetus 
Cutting during this period and the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 was 
European Ties virtually a declaration of national competence—a declara- 

tion that the Republic had already outgrown the 
timidity of childhood. At the same time the Churches were emerging from 
that deadening indifferentism and demoralizing skepticism that had followed 
in the wake of the Revolutionary War. They had tried out the voluntary 
system imposed on them by the separation of Church and State, and they 
were delighted with the results. Hitherto the history of American Chris- 
tianity had been largely a chapter from the history of European Churches. 
But now the American Churches, each in its own way, were imbibing the 
American spirit and laying the foundations for a separate existence and a 
permanent career on American soil. In general, America was severing its 
European ties. 

If we try to analyze this new spirit that made itself felt in the Luth- 

eran Church in America before 1826, we find that it 


Three Factors consists of a number of elements. For our purpose here 
in the Luth- it will suffice to detail only three of those elements— 
eran Church geographical expansion, progress in organization, and 


‘aggressive action in common. These three factors are 
partly the causes, partly the effects of the spirit of the times as it was mani- 
fested in the Lutheran Church in 1826. They account for the Gettysburg 
Seminary. 

The most important political event in American history after the adop- 
tion of the Constitution was the purchase of the Louis- 

The Louisiana iana Territory in 1803. It nearly doubled the domain of 
Purchase the United States. It opened immense possibilities 
not only for the American nation but also for the 

Kingdom of God, and it greatly increased the self-consciousness of the 
young Republic. The quarter of a century following that event was there- 


74 


THE CHURCH IN. 1826 


fore a period of territorial expansion and numerical growth. The vast 
stretches of the Mississippi Valley were thrown open to enterprising 
settlers. Immeasurable riches of forests and minerals and amazingly pro- 
ductive soils quickly drew tens of thousands of families to the great val- 
ley. This created a vacuum on the Atlantic seaboard and helped to stimu- 
late immigration from Europe. While the territory of the Republic 
expanded two-fold the population multiplied more than three-fold, from 
four millions in 1790 to thirteen millions in 1830. 

The numerical increase of the Lutheran Church during this period more 
than kept pace with the increase of the general population. In the twenty- 
five years preceding 1800 the Church added about ten 
thousand members, but in the twenty-five years follow- Numerical 
lowing 1800 she added more than twenty thousand. The Increase 
result was that by the year 1826 there were at least 
forty-five thousand members in the Lutheran fold. Large numbers of 
Lutherans were scattered about without membership in any church and 
w:thout any kind of spiritual oversight. They had severed the ties that 
bound them to their spiritual guides in Europe and had failed to form 
similar ties in Mmerica. That these Lutherans were not gathered into 
the Church was due to the lack of men to organize the congregations and 
become. their pastors. The numerical increase of Lutherans in America 
was making it evident to many of their leaders that if the Lutheran Church 
in tnis country was to maintain her place in the spiritual life of the land 
and discharge her responsibilities to her own people, adequate provision 
must soon be made for the calling and training of more ministers. 

This demand for more Lutheran ministers and a school in which to pre- 
pare them was made still more concrete by the westward 
expansion of the population. The extension of national Westward 
territory and the founding of new States, the end of Expansion 
Indian hostilities and the liberal land policy of the 
Government, the development in steam navigation and the building of roads 
and canals, gave a strong impulse to migration from the older settlements 
in the East to the inviting valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi. 

Pennsylvania was particularly active in internal improvements. Millions 
were spent in that State to create a system of turnpikes 
joining the eastern parts of the Commonwealth with the Lutherans from 
western parts and Ohio. Hundreds of thousands of Pennsylvania 
Pennsylvanians, including great numbers of Luth- 
erans, crossed the Alleghenies and settled in western Pennsylvania and 
in central Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The settlement took place in suc- 
cessive waves, each new wave penetrating farther into the wilderness. Dur- 
ing the first decade of the nineteenth century Ohio grew from forty-five 
thousand to four hundred and six thousand, and by the year 1826 had 


75 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


nearly a million people. In the second decade Indiana grew from twenty- 
four thousand to one hundred and forty-seven thousand, and in the third 
decade Illinois witnessed a similar growth. 
The migration followed in a general way the paral- 
Lines of lels of latitude. White the Lutherans of Pennsylvania 
Migration were pouring into central Ohio, Indiana and_ Illinois, 
those of Maryland were following a similar line of 
march a little farther south, those of New York were following the line 
of the Erie Canal, those of Virginia were moving into southern Ohio and 
Kentucky, and those of the Carolinas were pouring into Tennessee or 
finding their way north of the Ohio River. 
As the hardy Lutheran pioneer pressed forward with 
Calls for his family to encamp on the frontier and win a home 
Spiritual Help for his children and at the same time to engage in the 
great American epic of subduing the wilderness and win- 
ning a continent for his nation, he carried with him his long rifle and his 
keen axe and usually also his Bible and his faith. Early in the nineteenth 
century, therefore, calls began to come back from the Lutherans on the 
frontier asking for spiritual help and inviting Lutheran pastors to come 
and minister to them in sermon and sacrament. 
These calls met a response. For a long time it had been the custom of 
the ministers who lived nearest to the frontiers to undertake missionary 
tours on their own initiative, traveling into remote dis- 
The Response tricts, gathering together the scattered members of the 
Lutheran household, preaching the Word and administer- 
ing the sacraments. Then, too, a great volume of pioneer work in the 
Lutheran Church west of the Alleghenies was done by men who entered 
the field as “independent preachers,’ without any synodical connection, 
to answer the call of the destitute Lutheran frontiersmen. Such were 
Anton Lutge, John Stauch, J. M. Steck, P. Muckenhaupt, J. C. Rebenach, 
J. Mechling, J. G. Lampbrecht. All of these men afterwards became 
members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium or the Ohio Synod. Hundreds 
of flourishing congregations today trace their beginnings to this sort of 
volunteer missionary effort. This work of home missions, as we call it 
today, was officially undertaken by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 
1804. The plan of the Synod, as it went into effect in 1805, provided for 
the sending out of two or three men each year during the summer months. 
These traveling missionaries were members of the Synod, were commis- 
sioned and paid by the Synod, and rendered their reports to the Synod. 
One of the eminent names among these earliest home missionaries is 
that of Paul Henkel. Year after year, beginning in 1810, he left his home 
at New Market, Virginia, and explored and supplied the thinly settled parts 
of Ohio, Kentucky, Western Virginia and Pennsylvania. His diary tells 


76 


HEP GHURGITEN 1826 


of his contact with the camp meetings and the nervous revival epidemics 
that burned over the Cumberland country at that time. Another of these 
devoted missionaries was John Stauch. After extensive 

labors in the Valley of Virginia he was commissioned by Henkel, Stauch, 
the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1793 and began a re- Steck, Heyer 
markable career of missionary work in the western 

part of Pennsylvania and especially in Ohio. Still another energetic home 
missionary of this period was John Michael Steck. His son, Michael 
John, located at Lancaster, Ohio, in 1816, and by appointment of the 
Ministerium made extensive missionary tours. About the same time the 
name of C. F. Heyer appears on the list of these traveling missionaries, 
and he carried the work into Indiana and Kentucky. 

These and many other indefatigable and self-denying servants of the 
Church helped to roll the wave of missionary operations westward abreast 
with the general expansion of population. They found 
many evidences of wickedness and spiritual destitution Missionary 
on the frontier, but everywhere they found pious and sin- Work 
cere Lutherans maintaining their daily devotions in 
their cabins, hungering after righteousness and fervently praying for 
spiritual shepherds. These they gathered into congregations and minis- 
tered to. But the work of the missionaries was sadly weakened by the 
lack of pastors with whom to man the congregations they organized. 

The needs of the home mission field were greatly increased during the 
decade immediately preceding 1826. After the close of 
the war with England, immigration from Europe, par- The Need 
ticularly from Germany, set in strongly again. The busi- Increases 
ness depression in the East sent many of these immi- 
grants forward to the inviting farm lands on the western frontier. In this 
way the missionary task of the Lutheran Church was vastly augmented. 
More and more the leaders in the Church were coming to realize that the sys- 
tem of traveling missionaries was utterly inadequate. It reached only a small 
fraction of the needy and its ministrations were very irregular. The call 
for more ministers grew louder and louder. In the perspective of a hun- 
dred years it is clear to us today that adequate provision for a native 
ministry could not be made at that time until synodical organization of the 
Church had made further progress. This, then, is the second element in 
the spirit of the times that concerns us here, the progressive development 
of synods before 18206. 

The first synod to be organized after the Ministerium of Pennsylvania 
was the New York Ministerium. This organization took place before Muh- 
lenberg’s death. Already in 1773 his son Frederick, who was then a pas- 
tor in New York, called a conference of all the Lutheran preachers in 
that colony, but the organization thus projected did not begin until 1786, 


77 


HISTORY OR GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


when J. C. Kunze, Muhlenberg’s son-in-law, succeeded in forming the 
Ministerium. The first meeting was held at Albany and consisted of three 
pastors and two laymen. The second meeting was not 
New York held until 1792. The organization grew very slowly. 
Ministerium The main stream of German immigration had long be- 
fore been diverted to Pennsylvania and did not returr 
to New York. Moreover, the up-State pastors were spiritual heirs of 
Berkenmeyer and cherished an aversion to everything that came from 
Halle. But the new spirit that prevailed after the founding of the Re- 
public permitted rapid growth of the Synod, and before Kunze’s death in 
1807 it numbered fourteen pastors on its roll. The efforts of this Synod 
to extend its work northward into Canada proved fruitless, as the pastors 
sent thither one after another left the Lutheran Church for the Episcopal 
Church. By the year 1826, however, a successful system of traveling mis- 
sionaries had been introduced and a long row of counties in the central and 
northwestern parts of the State had been occupied, with more stations 
than the entire output. of Hartwick Seminary could man. 
Shortly after the turn of the century another Lutheran synod came into 
being, this time in the South. For more than half a century there had been 
a number of Lutheran settlements in North Carolina. 
North Carolina Many of these Lutherans had come from Pennsylvania, 
Synod but some had come directly from Germany. Pastors 
had been furnished them at first by the Consistory of 
Hanover, in Germany. But the Revolutionary War cut off this source of 
ministerial supply and soon the Lutherans of North Carolina felt the 
necessity of some kind of organization among themselves that would not be 
under any foreign supervision, but would have power to examine and 
ordain men to the ministerial office. When therefore in 1800 and 1801 
a tide of fanatical revivalism threatened to sweep over their congrega- 
tions, the pastors decided to form an organization to protect themselves 
and their people against false views and practices. The result was the 
North Carolina Synod, organized at Salisbury in 1803 by the four pastors, 
Arends, Storch, Miller and Paul Henkel, together with fourteen lay dele- 
gates. The Synod soon took in the ministers and churches of South 
Carolina, Tennessee and southern Virginia. It grew rapidly and before 
1820 numbered twenty-six ministers and catechists, about sixty congre- 
gations and more than six thousand members. Beginning in 1810 this 
Synod, like the others, appointed each year a home missionary to organize 
into congregations the scattered Lutherans in North Carolina, southern 
Virginia, Tennessee, and South Carolina. It thus became the mother of 
all the southern synods. 
The New York Ministerium and the North Carolina Synod had been 
formed without making a breach in the ranks of the Ministerium of Penn- 


78 


THE CHURCH INis1826 


sylvania. They were constituted of congregations that lay outside the 
bounds of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and with 


two exceptions their pastors had not been connected Dividing the 
with the old synod. But the fourth synod to be Pennsylvania 
organized was formed on the territory of the Minis- Ministerium 


terium itself. 

As the missionaries were sent out year after year to follow the west- 
ward advance of the American frontier, to preach the Word and administer 
the sacraments to the Lutherans in “the West” and “the 
South”; as they took up their permanent abodes farther The Ohio 
and farther from Philadelphia and eastern Penn- Synod 
sylvania, it became increasingly difficult for these mis- 
sionaries and pastors to make the long journeys that would have been 
necessary to attend the meetings of the original Synod. Still they longed 
to take counsel with their brethren and to have a part in the deliberations 
for the general good. The Ministerium therefore had early established 
“Special or District Meetings” at which the pastors and laymen of a 
particular region could meet as often as they desired for mutual edification 
and for counsel on certain subjects. In 1801 the Ministerium had pro- 
vided for seven such special conference districts. The “Western Dis- 
trict” embraced all the territory west of Chambersburg. In 1812 the 
Lutheran pastors in Ohio organized their own conference. In 1817 they 
asked permission to establish their own ministerium. It was felt that this 
was necessary in order to secure candidates for the ministry and in order 
to stimulate interest among the congregations and bring about a more rapid 
development of their resources. The request was not granted but permis- 
sion was given to license candidates for one year. But the next year the 
Ohio Conference quietly organized itself into the “Synod of Ohio and 
Adjacent States,’ and proceeded to ordain three men to the ministry. The 
first president of the new synod was the faithful Missionary Stauch, and 
the first secretary was Paul Henkel, who had traversed all of Ohio in a 
two-wheeled cart. The new body numbered at first fourteen ministers 
and eight lay delegates. The organization is known today as the “Joint 
Synod of Ohio and Other States.” 

The Synod of Maryland and Virginia, organized in 1820, also grew out 
of one of the “Special Conferences” of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. This 
Conference had met at various places in Virginia since | 


1793. But that kind of organization proved inadequate Synod of 
to meet the needs of the growing Lutheran population Maryland and 
of Maryland and the Virginia Valley. When, therefore, Virginia 


the pastors of Maryland and Virginia asked permission 
to, organize a new synod on their territory, the Ministerium of Pennsyl- 
vania granted the request in view of the immediate prospect of a more 


79 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG: SEMINARY 


inclusive fraternity to be known as the General Synod. The organization 
took place at Winchester, Virginia, in October, 1820. 

Three months before that the Tennessee Synod had 

Tennessee been formed by four of the pastors of the North Caro- 

Synod lina Synod. The founders of this organization, two of 

whom were sons of Paul Henkel, could not agree with 

their synodical brethren on the question of licensure, and because of the 

laxity in doctrine and practice in the older synods they strongly objected 

to the forming of a General Synod. So they withdrew and organized 

their own synod. 

In 1824 another division took place in the ranks of the North Carolina 

Synod. This time in peace and brotherly love the pastors and churches in 

South Carolina withdrew and formed the South Carolina 

South Carolina, Synod. The next year a number of pastors serving 


West Pennsyl- churches in Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna 
vania, and Vir- ‘River, without the consent of the Ministerium of Penn- 
ginia Synods sylvania, organized themselves into the West Pennsyl- 


vania Synod in time to attend the meeting of the General 
Synod that year. Still another synod, though it originated a few years 
later than 1826, nevertheless owes its origin to this same general movement 
which we have been detailing. It is the Virginia Synod. In 1829 eight 
of the pastors belonging to the Maryland Synod, but serving churches in 
Virginia, responded to the special needs of their churches and proceeded 
in a most friendly spirit to organize their own synod. 
This progressive formation of new synods was really a further develop- 
ment of Muhlenberg’s organization. But at the same time it was an ex- 
pression of the new spirit of the times, the spirit of 
Significance of American aggressiveness and independence from Europe. 
New Synods It resulted in much greater efficiency in the Church as a 
whole, because it occupied one after another the new 
territories reached by geographical expansion and established one after 
another new centers of light and power. It indicated that the Lutheran 
Church in America was approaching her maturity and was preparing to 
carry to completion some of the heroic undertakings that Muhlenberg 
had pre-visioned. 
The growth of synods also ministered to the increasing intellectual 
activity of the times. In the older parts of the nation there was beginning 
to be considerable intellectual stir. There was a striking 
Growing Intel- growth in city life, from only six towns of over six 
ligence Among thousand in 1790 to thirty-two cities of over eight thou- 
Laymen sand in 1830. A national literature had begun in Niles’ 
Register and the North American Review and in the 
writings of such men as Irving, Cooper and Bryant. Educational institutions, 


80 


THE* CHURCH EN'1826%) 


general and special, were beginning to spring up. So the organization of 
new synods and their annual meetings among the congregations not only 
enabled the brethren to take counsel with one another and to have a part 
in the deliberations for the general good, but it deepened the interest of the 
laymen in the general work of the Church and helped to stimulate in- 
terest and diffuse the light among the congregations of the several regions. 
Moreover, it tended to overcome the intellectual indolence of many of the 
rural clergy and helped to rescue them from their secularized condition. 
But, above all, it brought many a young man into touch with the general 
Church and furnished him the light and the inspiration to give himself to 
the Gospel ministry. 

The formation of district synods was, therefore, a symptom of increas- 
ing zeal for the progress of God’s Kingdom. But something more than 
such synods were needed if the Lutheran Church of the 


early nineteenth century was to do its duty with refer- A General 
ence to its future ministry. These synods needed to be Organization 
united for common aggressive action. The work of Needed 


providing the ministerial candidates with an _ educa- 

tion of proper range and depth was clearly the work of a special institu- 
tion, and in that period such an institution called for the support of a 
general organization of the Church. Individual synods had tried it, but 
without success. 

For example, the Ministerium of Pennsylvania had hoped for much from 
Franklin College, at Lancaster. This institution had been founded at the 
instigation of Benjamin Franklin. The purpose was 
to save the Germans in Pennsylvania from impending Franklin 
illiteracy. It was incorporated as early as 1787. Among College 
the subjects of instruction that were to be provided 
at the school was “theology.” It was provided that one-third of the 
trustees, that is, fifteen, should be Lutheran, one-third Reformed, and the 
rest should come from other denominations in Pennsylvania. Among the 
latter the Catholic priest at Lancaster was included. The first general 
appeal for support was written by Dr. Helmuth. The institution was 
formally opened in the presence of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, meeting 
in Lancaster. Dr. Henry E. Muhlenberg, the Lutheran pastor in Lan- 
caster, was elected its first. Principal. Another member of the faculty was 
Rev. F. V. Me!sheimer, then of New Holland, in Lancaster County, alsa 
a member of the Lutheran Ministerium. 

The number of students in the elementary subjects was quite large at 
first. As many as one hundred and twelve students took work in the Eng- 
lish department in the first year. But soon the institution began to lan- 
guish. It had been endowed by a gift of ten thousand acres from the 
state in Venango, Bradford and Lycoming Counties. Benjamin Franklin 


81 


HISTORY OF GR TIY Sb UR Ger MilINA Kix 


gave two hundred pounds in Pennsylvania currency, and William Hamilton 
gave four lots of ground in Lancaster. But all the efforts of the trustees 
failed to secure general support for the institution. Its 
Yields No finances were poorly managed. It became involved in 
Ministers the unfortunate partisan strife concerning the intro- 
duction of English preaching. Teachers could not be 
employed, and soon the school ceased to be anything more than a local 
classical school such as existed at many other points. It did not teach the 
theological branches and it yielded no ministers for Lutheran pulpits. 
Nor did the splendid work of Pastors Helmuth and 
The Need of Schmidt in their private tutoring of theology in Phila- 
Ministers de'phia satisfy the needs of the Pennsylvania Minis- 
terium. The revised constitution of the Ministerium in 
1792 clearly indicates the longing for some more adequate system of re- 
cruiting the ministry. For not only does it retain the make-shift system 
of licentiates and catechists, but it expressly confers on all ordained minis- 
ters the right to instruct candidates for the ministerial office. From time 
to time the Ministerium appointed pastors who were to be regarded as 
its official theological instructors. 
In 1804 seven such synodical preceptors of theology were named. This 
was part of a general plan adopted at that meeting whereby each pastor 
was requested to seek out in his congregation “young 
Synodical men of capacity and piety” and urge them to study for 
Preceptors the ministry. Their preparatory work was to cover 
grammar, history, geography, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 
composition, rhetoric and the e‘ements of astronomy. After completing 
this preparatory course they were to be examined by one of the district 
conferences of the Synod, and if the examination was satisfactory they 
were to receive a diploma. Then they were to place themselves under the 
instruction of some ordained minister, preferably one of the seven re- 
ferred to above, and so were to receive their special training for the pas- 
toral office. At the same time the Synod agreed to receive free-will ofer- 
ings from congregations for the support of indigent students. This plan 
apparently yielded nothing new, and the Ministerium was not. satisfied 
concerning its future ministers. 
Eight years before the Gettysburg Seminary was 


A Union established the Ministerium of Pennsylvania once more 
Seminary gave consideration to Franklin College as a_ possible 
Planned training school for its ministerial candidates. A com- 


mittee from the German Reformed Synod of Pennsyl- 
vania brought the matter to the attention of the Lutheran Ministerium, 
and together with a committee from the Ministerium worked out an 
elaborate plan for a theological seminary at Lancaster under the joint aus- 


82 


THE -GHURCH, IN 1820 


pices of Lutherans and Reformed. This was a time when many good 
men among the German-speaking element of both of these churches in 
Pennsylvania felt that they must co-operate across denominational lines 
in defense of the German language and against the insidious influences of 
rationalism. The new institution, which was approved by the trustees 
of Franklin College, was to be called “The Theological Seminary for the 
Education of Pious Young Men to the Evangelical Ministry.” There 
were to be nine trustees and one professor from each denomination. Both 
synods were to make equal annual contributions towards the expenses of 
the Seminary. The faculty was to publish a magazine which both synods 
were to sustain and which was to have the double function of resisting 
the English language and combating rationalism. 

This plan was adopted by the Pennsylvania Ministerium and a commit- 
tee was appointed to carry it into effect. In 1820 the committee reported 
that the publication of the plan and the initiative in its 


execution had been left in the hands of Dr. Endress and No Union 
Pastor Hoffmeier, the Lutheran and Reformed clergy- Seminary 
men residing in Lancaster, but that these men had neg- Effected 


lected to do anything. The reasons that Dr. Endress 

gave for his failure to act in the matter were regarded as unsatisfactory 
by the Ministerium. Perhaps his own friendly attitude towards the intro- 
duction of English into the Lutheran pulpit and his mild sympathy with 
rationalistic ideas had much to do with it. That the Ministerium itself did 
not carry the plan into execution was doubtless due to the fact that another 
movement was now engaging the attention of the Ministerium, a move- 
ment that concerned Lutherans alone. Concerning the school at Lancaster, 
it may be noted here that, in spite of several vigorous efforts to carry 
out its original purpose, it continued to drag out a languishing existence 
until 1850, when the Pennsylvania Ministerium withdrew its one-third 
interest and established the Franklin Professorship of Greek, at Gettys- 
burg, while the other two-thirds were retained at Lancaster and combined 
with Marshall College, of Mercersburg, to form Franklin and Marshall 
College for the Reformed Church. 

So the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, the Mother Synod of Lutheranism 
in America, in 1826 was still dependent on private instruction for the edu- 
cation of its ministerial students but keenly alive to the need for some 
more adequate method. 

Individual synods in the Lutheran Church in the South had also tried to 
establish a theological seminary. In 1811 the North Car- 

Olina Synod, only eight years old, began to discuss Discussion in 
the project. But apparently the Synod realized that North Carolina 
such an institution was too large an undertaking for 

a single synod. No concrete effort was made and in 1814 even the discus- 


83 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


sion ceased and a report was adopted stating that after mature delibera- 
ticn it had been found “that we are not in a position to form such an in- 
stitution, and will not be, until our congregations be aroused to do every- 
thing possible to support our young candidates.” 
In that same synod, however, a more tangible effort to begin a seminary 
was made in 1817. The previous year Joseph FE. Bell had been -received 
into the North Carolina Synod. He was a young man, 
Bell and but well educated and specially well versed in the 
oa classics. He and Philip Henkel, son of Paul Henkel, 
Tennessee on their own responsibility commenced a combination 
classical school and theological seminary in Greene County, in eastern 
Tennessee. Pastor Bell was the chief teacher. They taught theology, 
Hebrew, Greek, Latin, German and English. They reported their work 
to the North Carolina Synod and that body adopted the little school as 
its seminary and heartily commended it to the support of its pastors and 
congregations. At the same time Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, South 
Carolina, sent a letter to the North Carolina Synod expressing his great 
desire to see a seminary firmly established and announcing that his con- 
gregation would contribute towards the support of the enterprise. But the 
congregations of the Synod as a whole did not respond very heartily with 
their contributions. Moreover, in 1819, the two teachers of the school 
severed their connections with the North Carolina Synod and, with two 
other pastors, formed the Tennessee Synod. Thereupon the North Caro- 
lina Synod withdrew its support entirely and the school expired. 
In the South as in the North, candidates for the ministry in 1826 
were obliged to study privately under pastors. 
So the efforts of individual district synods to estab- 


Action in lish theological seminaries proved futile. Clearly the 
Common logic of events pointed to common action by a union 
Required of synods. Such action in common by the Lutheran 


synods was demanded at that time not only by the acute 

need for more men and better trained men in the ministry, but also by 

the spirit of the times in American Christianity of the early nineteenth 

century. And this is the third element to which we call special attention 

as a characteristic of the Lutheran Church in 1826, the tendency towards 
aggressive action in common. 

As the American nation expanded, the newly-formed 

Need of a states and territories were bound to the older states and 

General Synod to each other by the Federal Government. This was 

at once the cause and the effect of the spirit of common 

nationality so strongly manifest in the youth of the Republic. Likewise 

in the Lutheran Church at this time, geographical expansion and the pro- 

gressive organization of new synods logically called for some general 


84 


THE CHURCH IN {1826 


organization that would answer to the sense of unity and common brother- 
hood that still existed among Lutherans. Such an organization was needed 
in order to overcome the divisive effects of the synodical movement, to 
conserve the denominational consciousness, and to prevent absorption in 
more compact church bodies. What was more natural than for the Luth- 
erans of America as they loosened the ties of relationship with Europe to 
seek closer relations among themselves? 

The initiative came from the Mother Synod of Pennsylvania. It was 
in 1818, just after the tercentenary of the Reformation, that the first move 
was made. The New York Ministerium and the North 
Carolina Synod were at that time the only synods outside A Plan of 
of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. But there were pros- Union 
pects of territorial divisions within the Pennsylvania 
Ministerium. The Ohio Conference was taking steps towards organizing 
a new synod, and similar action seemed probable on the part of the Con- 
ference of Maryland and Virginia, the Conference of West Pennsylvania, 
and even the Lancaster Conference. Accordingly, the Muinisterium acted 
upon a suggestion that had been made seven years before by the Lutherans 
of North Carolina, who felt the weakness of Lutheran organization as 
compared with the compact organization of the Episcopal Church. It re- 
solved that “in its judgment it would be well if the different Evangelical 
Lutheran Synods in the United States were to stand, in some way or 
other, in true union with one another.’ At the next meeting “A Proposed 
Plan” of union was adopted and ordered to be submitted to the other 
synods. It is significant that the indifference of the Ministerium with 
reference to the proposed joint seminary in Lancaster coincides with the 
adoption of this proposed plan of union with other Lutheran synods. 

The convention for the organization of a General Synod was held in 
Hagerstown, Maryland, October 22, 1820. Representa- 


tives were present from four synods, Pennsylvania, New A General 
York, North Carolina and Maryland and Virginia. Only Synod 
Ohio and Tennessee were not represented. The pastors Organized 


of the Ohio Synod objected to the general organiza- 

tion because they feared a hierarchical trend and the possible prevalence 
of the English language in the new body. They had doubtless observed 
that the strengthening of the Federal Government of the nation was tak- 
ing place at the expense of the powers of the states. The little Tennessee 
Synod also objected to the rule of majorities in general church affairs and 
to the fact that no mention was made of the Bible or the Augsburg Con- 
fession. But the four synods represented organized and drew up a con- 
stitution. A year later, October, 1821, three of the four synods having 


adopted the constitution, all except New York, the General Synod of the 
85 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Lutheran Church in the United States held its first regular convention at 
Frederick, Maryland. 
The spirit and purpose of the general body are evident from the con- 
stitution and the proceedings of the first convention. It is specified that 
the General Synod may propose to the district synods 
Its Spirit and “books and writings such as catechisms, forms of liturgy, 
Purpose collections of hymns, or confessions of faith,’ but it 
specifically disclaims the “power of prescribing uniform 
ceremonies of religion.” It provides for the organization of new district 
synods with the consent of the general body. The General Synod is also 
authorized to devise plans for seminaries of education and missionary in- 
stitutions as well as to provide aid for ministers and their families, and 
to take measures to “promote the practice of brotherly love and the further- 
ance of Christian concord.” It aimed, therefore, to effect such a feder- 
ation of Lutheran bodies as would prevent discord and schisms among 
them and would provide the means and agencies necessary to foster the 
spirit of Lutheran unity, to occupy the field more efficiently, and to fortify 
the Church’s ranks against dissipation. 
The first business convention of the General Synod in 1821 proceeded to 
carry out the purposes for which it was organized. Among the various 
actions was one concerning a theological seminary. This 
Its First action we shall examine more closely a little later. The 
Convention subject of home missions was also considered and it 
was earnestly recommended to the several district 
synods that they send missionaries to answer “the earnest calls of the 
children of the Church and others, resident on our frontier countries.” 
From these and other actions looking towards the intensive occupation of 
the field and the supply of an educated ministry for the Church, it was 
evident that the General Synod, even in its small beginnings, was organ- 
ized for action and intended to face aggressively the tasks confronting 
the whole Church. 
The organization of the General Synod assured the independence of the 
Lutheran Church in this country. It was fundamentally opposed to the 
schemes of union with the Reformed in Pennsylvania, 
Its Influence and with the Episcopalians in North Carolina and else- 
where. It operated as an emphatic protest against the 
rationalistic tendencies in New York and other parts of the Church, and 
presented an effectual barrier to the further importation into the Church 
of European deistic theology. It saved the Church from becoming rat’on- 
alized as she became Anglicized and Americanized. It maintained the 
historical connection with the fathers and stood for the confession of a 
positive faith. It furnished a medium through which the inevitable or- 
ganization of new synods might minister to greater efficiency rather than 


86 


THE CHURCH IN 1826 


greater weakness in the Church as a whole. It provided the means and 
agencies for prosecuting independently the educational, missionary, and 
charitable operations of the Lutheran Church. Above all, it gave to the 
Church in this country, even to those who did not at once become members 
of the General Synod, a nation-wide outlook and interest and a sense of 
permanent citizenship in this Republic. As Dr. Krauth expressed it, “The 
General Synod was a declaration on the part of the Lutheran Church in 
America that she had no intention of dying or moving, that she liked 
this western world and meant to live here.” 

But the new organization encountered many difficulties in its early life, 
and for many years its “general” character was more a promise and a policy 
than a fact. After the organization meeting in 1820 the 
New York Synod allowed its membership to lapse for Indifference 
sixteen years. This was due to the indifference of Encountered 
most of the members of that body who regarded 
the project of a general Lutheran organization as impractical and hope- 
less. This indifference may be accounted for in part by the fact that the 
president and other leaders in the New York Synod were members of the 
Board of Trustees of Hartwick Seminary and cherished high hopes con- 
cerning its development. 

Even the Pennsylvania Ministerium withdrew temporarily from the 
movement. This was owing to strenuous hostility to the General Synod on 
the part of the congregations in the rural districts. Their 


prejudices had been played on by unscrupulous people The Pennsyl- 
outside of the Church until they were convinced that the vania Minister- 
new organization would be nothing less than “an ium Withdraws 


aristocratic spiritual congress,’ a union of Chuzch 
and State, that would rob them of their dearly bought liberties and impose 
on them the horrors of an ecclesiastical despotism. Theological seminaries 
were represented as useless and costly evils that would simply impose more 
taxes on the farmers. Moreover, it was felt that the General Synod 
would interfere with the cherished plans for union with the Reformed. 
One of the symptoms of the general condition of mind pervading the 
densest districts of the Pennsylvania Germans at that time is found in a 
little German book of 1822, written by Carl Gock, a Re- 
formed school-teacher, and entitled, “The Defense of Carl Gock’s 
the Free Church of North America.” It is directed to Tirade 
the farmers and the uneducated in general. It declaims 
bitterly against a General Synod, either Lutheran or Reformed, and to that 
end it launches a senseless tirade against theological seminaries. The book 
had much influence, and efforts were made to parry its thrusts. The ad- 
vocates of the General Synod were the pastors of Lancaster, Reading, 
York, Gettysburg and Harrisburg, where the Anglicizing and Americaniz- 


87 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


ing influence had been more intense. The whole discussion in the ranks of 
the Pennsylvania Lutherans indicates how closely the organization of the 
General Synod was identified in their minds with the project of a theolog- 
ical seminary for the Lutheran Church. Finally, in order to prevent 
further difficulties within the Ministerium, the city congregations and 
the leaders yielded to the empty fears of the country districts and, while 
declaring their unaltered conviction of the propriety and utility of the 
General Synod, voted to withdraw from the organization until those con- 
gregations should see their mistake. But thirty years passed before the 
Ministerium returned to the General Synod. . 
The withdrawal of the Mother Synod, which constituted more than half 
of the Church, was a severe blow to the infant General Synod, and for a 
time threatened its life. The men of New York felt 
Saved by that the whole project had failed and refused to con- 
S. S. Sechmucker — sider it seriously. The Ohio Synod, which had about 
decided to join the movement, reconsidered and never 
came in. It was a critical point in the history of the Church, and the 
General Synod was only saved by the vigorous exertions of Rev. S. S. 
Schmucker, then only twenty-four years old. His father was president of 
the Pennsylvania Ministerium when the “Plan of Union” was adopted. 
Young Schmucker was the best educated young man in the Lutheran 
Church at that time. He was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania 
and of Princeton Seminary, and he was profoundly impressed with the 
need for an educated ministry in the Church. Particularly concerned, 
therefore, to save the General Synod from dissolution, in 1823 he suc- 
ceeded in inspiring the discouraged synods and prevailing on them to send 
delegates. At the meeting in that year there were delegates from Mary- 
land and Virginia, from North Carolina and from Ohio. There was also 
a delegation from the Conference of West Pennsylvania, which did not 
sympathize with the attitude of the rest of the Pennsylvania Méinisterium 
and which joined the general body in 1825 as the West Pennsylvania Synod. 
Thus the General Synod and the educational ideal for which it stood wee 
kept alive. Its significance for the period in which it was organized, as 
we have seen, went far beyond the numbers of the synods and ministers 
embraced in the organization. But as time passed it drew to itself most 
of the new synods, especially the English-speaking synods, as they were 
successively formed on the Church’s expanding territory, and it became 
increasingly capable of vigorous enterprise. 
The Lutheran Church in America was ready there- 
A Fullness of fore in 1826 to undertake the enterprise of a theological 
the Times seminary. Her numerical increase and geographical ex- 
pans:on had deeply impressed the need. The progres- 
sive formation of the individual synods had stimulated the spirit of self- 


88 


THE CHURCH IN 1826 


reliance and at the same time their several individual efforts at educational 


institutions had shown the futility of separate action in the matter. The 
organization of the synods into a general body had provided the ha3is and 


the agency for vigorous action in common. 


89 


CHAPTER VII 
THE GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


One of the purposes in organizing the General Synod was to make more 
adequate provision for the supply of ministers. Accordingly, the first con- 
stitution of the general body, adopted at the organization 


A General meeting in 1820, specifies that the General Synod shall 
Synod have power to “devise plans for general seminaries of 
Committee education” and to “endeavor with the help of God to 


carry them into effect.” Already at that organization 
meeting a committee was appointed to draw up a plan for such an institution 
of learning. The subject had been brought to the attention of the body by 
a letter of Dr. Geissenhainer, who had been an instructor in the University 
of Goettingen and a successful teacher of ministerial candidates in Penn- 
sylvania and New York. As a committee to prepare a plan for a semi- 
nary, the presiding officer appointed the entire delegation from the Synod 
of Pennsylvania. It consisted of Dr. J. G..Schmucker of York, Dr. 
George Lochman of Harrisburg, Dr. Christian Endress of Lancaster, Pas- 
tor F. W. Geissenhainer of New York, and Pastor H. A. Muhlenberg of 
Reading. 
These men were known to be in favor of establishing a seminary. The 
first three were the officers of the Pennsylvania Synod. But they must 
have been discouraged by the agitation of the noisy 
Action minority in the rural districts of Pennsylvania. Or else 
Deferred they over-emphasized the difficulties in the way of the 
project. At any rate, in 1821, at the first regular con- 
vention of the General Synod at Frederick, Maryland, the committee on 
a theological seminary recommended that the establishment of such an in- 
stitution be deferred for several years. The recommendation was unani- 
mously adopted. One reason given was “the present pressure of the times” 
and another because it would require “much greater exertion” than seemed 
justified. At the same time, however, it was resolved that “seasonable 
preparations should be commenced in anticipation of so important an 
undertaking.” Among these measures of preparation it is made the duty 
of every minister in all the synods “to prepare the minds of the members 
of his congregation upon this subject.” It is also ordered that theological 
books be gathered in various centers so that ultimately they might be 
brought together to constitute the library of the proposed institution. 


90 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


It is clear, therefore, that the leaders of the Church had by no means 
abandoned the project of a seminary in 1821. They merely meant to defer 
for a few years the actual establishment of the institu- 
tion in the hope that the unreasoning prejudice in cer- Only Postponed 
tain quarters against the General Synod, and particularly 
against a Lutheran theological seminary, would subside. They simply 
regarded the project as not “feasible” at that time. If, therefore, the 
Synod of Pennsylvania had continued its connection with the General 
Synod, and if the work of this original committee had been carried through 
to completion, then the seminary would very probably have been estab- 
lished in Philadelphia, where Muhlenberg had planned it, or in New York 
City, where Kunze had labored for it. Then, too, in all likelihood, the 
first professor would have been Dr. Geissenhainer or Dr. Endress or Dr. 
Lochman, and the history of the Lutheran Church of the Muhlenberg de- 
velopment during the past century would have been quite different from 
what it has been, whether for better or for worse. 

But at the next meeting of the General Synod in 1823 the Pennsylvania 
Synod, as we have seen, was not represented. The members of the General 
Synod’s Committee on a theological seminary were not 
present. Dr. J. G. Schmucker was there, but only as a Action from a 
representative of the West Pennsylvania Conference and New Source 
not as a delegate of the Pennsylvania Synod. No 
mention whatever was made of a seminary. It was evident that if the 
General Synod was to realize its purpose of founding a theological semin- 
ary, the initiative must now come from some new source. Accordingly, the 
third convention of the General Synod, held at Frederick in 1825, appointed 
a new committee on the subject, and the report of this committee, adopted 
at that same convention, resulted in the actual establishment of the insti- 
tution. 

To understand this action in 1825 it is necessary to consider some of the 
preliminaries leading up to it. After the project of a theological school had 
been indefinitely deferred by the General Synod in 1821, 
it continued to be a subject of discussion, particularly Private 
south of the Mason and Dixon line. In 1823 the min- Discussions 
isters of the young Synod of Maryland and Virginia 
began to hold monthly conferences, and at these meetings the expediency 
of establishing a seminary was frequently discussed. Much correspondence 
on the subject was carried on. Many plans were suggested but none was 
adopted. The next year the subject was carried beyond the bounds of pri- 
vate conference and brought into public notice. This important step was 
taken by Dr. S. S. Schmucker, who was then pastor at New Market, Vir- 
ginia. 


91 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


In a sermon that he preached before the Synod of Maryland and Vir- 
ginia at Middletown, Maryland, in 1824, Dr. Schmucker described the work 
of the private theological seminary he had been conduct- 


Schmucker’s ing for ten months in the parsonage at New Market. 
New Market His ability as a teacher had attracted a number of stu- 
School dents to him there. These were John G. Morris of 


York, Samuel K. Hoshour of York County, John B. 
Reck of Winchester, John Philip Kline from near Woodstock, George 
Schmucker of Shenandoah County, and David S. Keil of Germany. This 
little class of theological students may be regarded as the nucleus of the 
future theological seminary at Gettysburg. They were all harbored in the 
parsonage and followed a regular schedule of instruction and deportment. 
Their studies included rhetoric, the ancient languages, mental and moral 
philosophy, Biblical and systematic theology, hermeneutics, Bible history 
and general history. Practical experience in preaching the students re- 
ceived by conducting services in schoolhouses in the neighborhood. Occa- 
sionally they were sent by their teacher to fill his own preaching appoint- 
ments in the more remote parts of his charge. One of the students, J. G. 
Morris, in writing of this school at New Market long afterwards, called it 
“The Pro-Seminary.” Dr. Schmucker himself wrote in his diary at that 
time that he had “matriculated these students” into “a’course of theological 
instruction.” He was evidently aiming at something more than simply 
such private tutoring in theology as Dr. Schaeffer was doing at Frederick 
and Dr. Lochman at Harrisburg and Dr. Endress at Lancaster. But he 
must soon have realized that his little school could never attain very high 
repute or very large dimensions unless it could enlist the support and patron- 
age of the Church as a whole. This accounts for his zeal on behalf of 
the General Synod. His prodigious efforts to save the General Synod 
from dissolution in the dark days of 1823 were prompted primarily by his 
keen desire to see the Church establish her own seminary. Already in 1820, 
while he was yet a student in the seminary at Princeton, he wrote to his 
father, who was then president of the Pennsylvania Synod, that he had 
visited his friend, F. C. Schaeffer, in New York, and that together they had 
resolved “to do everything possible to promote learning among us.’ The 
founding of a theological seminary he regarded as one of the measures 
necessary to rescue the Lutheran Church from “her former lifeless and dis- 
tracted condition.” In his sermon before the Synod of Maryland and Vir- 
ginia in 1824, therefore, Dr. Schmucker urged the enlargement of his New 
Market school into a general institution of the Church. 

This called forth a number of concrete suggestions on the subject. It 
was a group of young men who took the first steps towards definite action. 
A special conference of four young ministers was held at Martinsburg, 
Virginia, on February 9, 1825. Those in attendance were Rev. C. P. 


92 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


Krauth of Martinsburg, Rev. John Winter of Gerardstown, Virginia, Rev. 
Frederick Ruthrauff of Williamsport, Maryland, and Rev. Benjamin Kurtz 
of Hagerstown, Maryland. It was not the first time that 


these four had met in conference. But this time, stirred The Confer- 
by Schmucker’s sermon, they seriously discussed the pos- ence at 
sibility of a theological seminary. Before they sep- Martinsburg 
arated they adopted a resolution as follows: “That 


this Conference engage in the important work of founding a _ theolog- 
ical seminary to be under the direction and for the benefit of the Evan- 
gelical Lutheran Church, and that we begin the work at once.” Practical 
suggestions as to location of the seminary and personnel of its faculty were 
discussed, but no definite conclusions were reached. A collection was taken 
for the proposed institution and it amounted to five dollars. This entire 
action was at once’ communicated to S. S. Schmucker, a hundred miles 
farther down the valley, and called forth from him copious expressions 
of gratification. It encouraged him to set the official wheels in motion. 

The first official action on the matter was taken at the next meeting of 
the Maryland and Virginia Synod at Hagerstown in 1825. A committee 
was appointed “to report a plan for the immediate or- 
ganization of a theological seminary.” This committee Maryland 
consisted of S. S. Schmucker of New Market, C. P. Synod Action 
Krauth of Martinsburg, and Benjamin Kurtz of Hagers- 
town. The plan had been drawn up in advance by Schmucker. It was pre- 
sented and adopted the same day the committee was appointed. It outlined 
the method of founding and maintaining the proposed seminary. But spe- 
cially significant is the provision that the school must “be patronized by the 
General Synod and be officially put into operation by that body.” 

This action of the Synod of Maryland and Virginia, therefore, brought 
the subject before the General Synod again at its meeting in Frederick two 
weeks later. A committee was appointed. Its chairman 
was Benjamin Kurtz, and the other members were S. S. General Synod 
Schmucker, Rey. Jacob Herbst, Rev. Benjamin Keller, Action 
and Messrs. Harry and Hauptman. The report 
of this committee was presented and adopted the next day. It was prac- 
tically the same as the plan adopted two weeks earlier by the Synod of 
Maryland and Virginia with the addition of a few articles which also were 
written by Schmucker. It was this action of the General Synod that 
brought about the beginning of the Gettysburg Seminary the next year. 
The report of the committee was this: 

Wuereas, The General Synod regarded it as a solemn duty imposed on 
them by their Constitution, and due from them to their God and to the 
Church, to provide for the proper education of men of piety and talents, 
for the Gospel Ministry. Therefore, Resolved, 

93 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1. That the General Synod will forthwith commence, in the name of 
the Triune God, and in humble reliance on His aid, the establishment of a 
theological Seminary, which shall be exclusively devoted to the glory of 
our Divine Redeemer, Jesus Christ, Who is God over all, blessed forever. 
And that in this seminary shall be taught, in the German and English 
languages, the fundamental doctrines of the Sacred Scriptures, as con- 
tained in the Augsburg Confession. 

2. That this Institution shall be under the sole government of a 
Board of Directors, which shall regularly meet semi-annually, and as 
often at intermediate times as they may think expedient. This Board is 
not, in any respect, under the control of the General Synod; but each 
member is responsible, individually, to the Synod by which he is elected. 

3. That this Board consist of Five Directors, viz.: three Pastors and 
two laymen from each Synod, which is connected with the General Synod, 
and contributes pecuniary aid to the support of the Seminary. 

4. That the General Synod elect the first Board of Directors, agree- 
ably to the preceding article, whose term of service shall be determined 
by their respective Synods; after which, the several Synods shall elect 
their Directors in such manner, and for such time, as may be deemed most 
expedient by themselves: provided, always, that one-half of their quota 
of Directors vacate their seats at one and the same time. 

5. That after the aggregate sum of $10,000 has been collected, each 
Synod shall be entitled to an additional Director, for every five hundred 
dollars which it may subsequently contribute, until its number of Directors 
shall be Nine; after which it shall be entitled to an additional Director for 
every $1,000, until its number of Directors amounts to fourteen. 

6. That a Professor shall be elected by the General Synod, after 
which the Board of Directors shall forever have the exclusive authovity 
of electing additional Professors, and filling up all vacancies. 

7. Any Professor may be impeached, at any time, for fundamental 
error in doctrine, immorality of deportment, inattention to the duties of 
his office, or incapacity to discharge them; and, if found guilty, may be 
dismissed from office, by two-thirds of the Directors present: provided, 
always, that a motion for impeachment be made at one semi-annual meet- 
ing, and lie over, for consideration, until the next; and that the Secretary 
of the Board of Directors be required to give written notice to every 
Director absent from said meeting, within four weeks after the meeting 
at which such motion was made. 

8. That the Board of Directors shall frame a Constitution in con- 
sonance with the principles fixed by the General Synod; and may, from 
time to time, form such By-Laws as they may deem expedient, and as 
are in accordance with the Constitution. 


94 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


9, Any alteration in the Constitution of the Seminary, or any elec- 
tion for a Professor, must be proposed at one semi-annual meeting of the 
Board, and cannot be acted on before the next semi-annual meeting. A 
fair copy of every such proposed measure, shall be forwarded to each 
Director, who may have been absent from said meeting, whose vote must 
be accepted, whether by proxy or by letter. 

10. The Directors are responsible for their conduct to the respective 
Synods, by whom they were elected, and may be removed for such causes, 
and in such manner, as said Synods shall specify. 

11. The Board of Directors shall establish a Treasury, into which all 
contributions and bequests for the Theological Seminary shall be paid, 
and the said Board shall have the sole controul of the Treasury, 

Immediately after the adoption of this detailed report it was resolved 
that the officers of the General Synod should send agents throughout the 
United States to solicit contributions for the support of 
the seminary, that the Board of Directors should pay Agents 
their expenses, and that the ministers of the several Appointed 
synods should afford them all possible help. In appoint- 
ing these agents the General Synod did not limit itself to its own constit- 
uent synods, but claimed the support of the entire Lutheran Church of 
America. The following were appointed: for the Synod of Pennsylvania, 
Drs. Lochman, Endress, Muhlenberg, and Demme; for the Synod of West 
Pennsylvania, Dr. J. G. Schmucker, and Revs. J. Herbst and B. Keller; 
for Ohio and Indiana, Revs. Stauch and J. Steck; for the Synod of New 
York, Drs. P. Mayer, Geissenhainer, F. C. Schaeffer, and Lintner; for 
Philadelphia and the Eastern States, S. S. Schmucker; for Virginia, Revs. 
A. Reck, Meyerheffer, and Krauth; for Maryland, Revs. B. Kurtz, Graber, 
Ruthrauff, and Little; for Tennessee, Rev. W. Jenkins; for North Carolina, 
Revs. J. Sherer and J. Reck; and for South Carolina, Revs. Bachman and 
Dreher. 

It is fairly certain that this list of agents was also prepared by S. S. 
Schmucker. This would seem to follow from the external probabilities in 
the case, from the general character of the field that is assigned to him as 
agent, and from the fact that his is the only name in the entire list to which 
no sort of title is affixed. 

Not content with these plans for a complete canvass of the United 
States, the General Synod proceeded to instruct its officers to commission 
Benjamin Kurtz to go to Europe at once to solicit con- 
tributions of money and books for the seminary. He An Agent to 
was to be furnished with ample credentials. His expenses Europe 
were to be paid by the Board of Directors, and the 
officers of the General Synod forthwith appointed other ministers to take 
charge of his congregations during his absence. 


95 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Following the instructions of the fourth resolution in the report of the 
committee, the General Synod then proceeded to elect the first Board of 
Directors for the new institution. In this way they were 


Board of obliged to limit themselves to the synods connected with 
Directors the General Synod. The following persons were chosen: 
Elected fronm Pennsylvania,:. Dr. -J.” G:*-Schimueker,4 Revsy Je 


Herbst and B. Keller, and Messrs. Philip Smyser, of 
York, and Jacob Young; sof >@arlisle; from. North »Carolina,* Revs, G: 
Shober, C. A. G. Storch, and J. Walter and Colonel Berringer and William 
Keck, Esquire, of Guilford County; and from Maryland and Virginia, Dr. 
J.-D. Kurtz, Revs. B.*Kurtz and C. P. Krauth, and Messrs: John Harry. 
and Cyrus Mantz. 
The plan also provided that the General Synod should elect the first 
professor of the proposed seminary. Accordingly a ballot was taken and 
it was found that Rev. S. S. Schmucker, of New Mar- 
A Professor ket, Virginia, was chosen. He received all votes but one, 
Chosen that of Dr. J. Daniel Kurtz, which was cast as a compli- 
ment to his old friend, Dr. Geissenhainer. Dr. Schmucker 
declared his acceptance and his salary for the first year was fixed at five 
hundred dollars and a residence. 
Then the professor-elect was instructed to prepare a constitution for the 
Seminary to submit to the Board of Directors at its first meeting. The 
Board of Directors was requested to apply for an act of 
Instructions incorporation. The Board was also instructed to hold 
to Directors its first meeting in Hagerstown on March 2, 1826, 
when its special business should be “to decide at which 
place the Seminary should be located, and to make all such arrangements 
as they may deem expedient” to enable the new institution to begin func- 
tioning. At the same time it was resolved by the General Synod “that 
the Seminary shall be located in such place as shall, at the close of three 
months, offer the greatest advantages.” 
These various actions of the General Synod in 1825 with reference to 
the unborn school of the prophets indicate that the leaders of the General 
Synod at least intended to prosecute their educational 
Confidence in project with vigor. For more than a generation the 
the Project Lutherans of America had clearly realized the need 
of such a school. Long had they sighed and prayed for 
it. Repeatedly they had planned and agitated and conferred and _hesi- 
tated. At last definite plans had been laid and vigorous steps had been 
taken to execute them. In the providence of God a theological seminary 
was about to be founded and these brethren of the General Synod, most 
of them young men, rejoiced in the glorious prospect which their Church 
had before her. They even hoped that ultimately their seminary would 


96 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


enlist the support of every Lutheran synod in America. So certain were 
they that the new institution would begin its work in the very near future 
that when the time for adjournment came the General Synod adjourned 
to meet the fourth Sunday. in October, 1827, “at such place where the 
Seminary shall be located.” 

In the pastoral letter sent out to the congregations at the close of the 
convention, a letter which came from Schmucker’s pen, a general appeal 
was made on behalf of the prospective seminary. The 
closing paragraph of that letter reads: The Letter 

“The General Synod would, in few words, call the at- to Pastors 
tention of the churches to the important measures which 
have been adopted relative to a theological seminary. Brethren! we have 
sketched out for you the plan of such an institution; we have chosen, as its 
basis, the same principles which have sustained our Church during three 
hundred years; the same holy principles which have sustained Christianity 
since the days of the Apostles. Knowing that ‘other foundation can no man 
lay, than that which is laid,’ we have founded this institution on the rock 
Christ ; and now we call on you to build it up into an edifice, which shall do 
honour to the liberality of your hearts, to make it commensurate with the 
wants of our extended Church, and to make it an important and efficient 
engine in the advancement of the mediatorial reign of your Redeemer. Re- 
member, that all your possessions are but talents lent you, and that of the 
use which you make of them, you must render an account. Remember, that 
the interests of Christ’s kingdom are your interests; that the advancement 
of them is your highest duty; that, if you have done but little heretofore, 
you have not done what you were bound to do. An opportunity is now 
given you to make amends for past neglect, and to discharge your present 
duty. Cast your eyes around you, upon the waste places of our Zion. See 
her shrouded in mourning, and bewailing her destitute condition. Hear 
the voice,of her sons and daughters, at every session of our different 
synods, imploring spiritual aid, calling for some messenger of the gospel, 
to break unto them the bread of life, and teach them the way to Heaven. 
Think, too, that your opportunity of giving a portion of your substance 
to the Lord may soon be closed by death; and then ask your own con- 
science: Shall I sit still and do nothing? Shall I refuse a small pittance 
to that God who gave me everything I possess? No, brethren! Remem- 
ber, the Lord loveth a cheerful giver; give, therefore, liberally, according 
as the Lord may have prospered you, and ‘remember the words of the 
Lord Jesus, how he said—it is more blessed to give than to receive.’ ” 

When the “Board of Directors of the Theological Seminary of the Gen- 
eral Synod of the Lutheran Church in the United States” met according to 
appointment in Hagerstown on March 2, 1826, they organized by electing 


97 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


J. G. Schmucker president, C. P. Krauth secretary, and Charles A. Barnitz, 
of York, treasurer. Five clergymen and four laymen were present: 
J: G.’ Schmucker, J, Herbst, “B.: Keller, Bo Kurtzy(and 
Directors C. P. Krauth, clergymen; and Philip Smyser, Jacob 
Organize Young, John Harry and Cyrus Mantz, laymen. 
These nine constituted a quorum, and upon them de- 
volved the high responsibility of determining the location of the Seminary. 
Five towns were considered as possible locations, all of them, of course, 
on the territory of synods then connected with the General Synod. These 
were Hagerstown and Frederick in Maryland; and Car- 
Choosing a lisle. Chambersburg, and Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. 
Location But only three definite proposals were submitted 
to the Board at this decisive meeting. They came 
from Hagerstown, Carlisle and Gettysburg. Carl Gock, in his artless 
fulminations against general synods and theological seminaries in 1822, 
had thought he foresaw that the proposed seminary would be located at 
Frederick. But in 1826 when the time came, Frederick made no bid for 
the new institution, probably because the town was regarded as too far 
from the beaten path of travel. At any rate, Dr. D. F. Schaeffer did 
not bestir himself to secure local pledges of money. York was another 
eligible town that made no effort to secure the seminary. This was 
probably because the pastor in York, Dr. J. G. Schmucker, had no 
ambition to become the “second professor” side by side with his son and 
no desire to give up his pastorate to someone who might thus be sustained 
as second professor. Dr. J. G. Schmucker seems to have favored Carlisle. 
But everywhere there was a disposition to consult the preference of the 
Professor-elect. 
Hagerstown offered $6,635 in personal pledges. Carlisle offered $2,000 
in money, a professor’s house for five years, $3,000 towards the erection of 
a building, a lot of ground one hundred feet square, the 
Gettysburg use of a lecture room in Dickinson College, and free 
Selected access to the library and to the lectures of the Coilege 
professors on condition that the professor of the 
theological seminary should act as a member of the College faculty and 
teach Hebrew and Oriental literature in the College. Gettysburg offered 
$7,000 in money and the use of the Academy building until the seminary 
should secure its own edifices. After a long debate on the relative advan- 
tages of these three places a ballot was taken. Gettysburg received four 
votes, Hagerstown three, Carlisle two. No place having received a major- 
ity of the whole vote, a second ballot was taken, whereupon Gettysburg 
received six votes and Hagerstown three. Thus a most important ques- 
tion was decided, and Gettysburg became the location of the Seminary. 


98 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


Gettysburg was chosen not only because it offered the largest financial 
inducement but also because it was regarded as most accessible and most 
centrally located for the synods then in the General 
Synod. It was a mere village of only fifteen hundred Central and 
inhabitants, but it had fair prospects for growth. At the Accessible 
same time its physical surroundings promised to afford 
for many years to come that quality of retirement which was always 
courted for theological seminaries in those days. It was located only six 
miles from the Mason and Dixon line and was therefore accessible to 
north and south. Baltimore was only fifty-two miles distant to the south- 
east. Washington was a little over sixty miles to the south. Philadelphia 
was one hundred and fourteen to the east, and Harrisburg thirty-seven to 
the northeast. 

Gettysburg was chosen also for the same reason that it afterwards be- 
came the site of the decisive battle in the Civil War: it was a great road 
center. There were no railroads in the country at that time, but the best 
constructed turnpikes in the state of Pennsylvania centered in Gettysburg. 
These were the public thoroughfares from Baltimore to Harrisburg and 
from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. Daily stage coaches ran on these high- 
ways and many vehicles of transportation carried people and goods to 
and from the cities. Years afterwards, when railroads became the chief 
means of transportation, Gettysburg came to be regarded as relatively in- 
accessible and the removal of the Seminary to a larger center was seriously 
considered. But after another lapse of time the automobile took its place 
alongside of the railroad as a public and private carrier, and Gettysburg, 
as the center of a veritable network of state highways, once again became 
one of the most accessible and central points in Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

The chosen location of the Seminary was the county 

seat of Adams County and the home of influential men Its Literary 
in Church and State. Its bar was one of unusual ability, Atmosphere 
its most conspicuous member being Thaddeus Stevens. 
A literary atmosphere pervaded the locality. Already in colonial times the 
parsonage of the Associated Reformed Church was used as a schoolhouse 
in which boys were prepared for college or trained for the ministry of 
that Church. Shortly after the opening of the nineteenth century and the 
erection of the new county, the Presbyterian pastor opened a grammar 
school which was liberally patronized by the community. This school 
developed into the Adams County Academy, whose spacious building was 
erected in 1810. It was this building that Gettysburg offered in 1826 as 
the home of the proposed Seminary. The enlightened character and the 
educational interests of the community enabled the Lutheran pastor, John 
Herbst, to make the liberal offer on behalf of Gettysburg if the Seminary 
should be located there. 


99 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Moreover, it is not without significance that contemporary documents 
frequently refer to the exceptional healthiness of Gettysburg and its environ- 
ment. For example, six years after the Seminary had 
Its Healthfulness begun, in the first public announcement of the pros- 
| | | pective college at Gettysburg, Judge Calvin Blythe, the 
first president of that Board, commends the prospective institution because 
of its location “in central Pennsylvania” and because of “the proximity of 
Gettysburg to Baltimore and Philadelphia, the healthiness of the place, 
and the morality of its inhabitants.” 
When the Board of Directors had determined where 
A Constitution the new seminary was to be located they listened to the 
Adopted reading of the constitution by Professor Schmucker, and 
after due deliberation and with several changes the con- 
stitution was adopted. This instrument, so vital in molding the inner 
life of the Seminary during the next forty years, went into minute details 
and embraced about 6000 words. It is evident that Professor Schmucker 
had before him the constitution of Princeton Seminary when he wrote the 
one for Gettysburg. 
After the adoption of the constitution the text-books to be used in the 
Seminary were named. The first Tuesday of the following September was 
fixed as the day when the Seminary should commence its 
Plans for operations and the Professor should be inaugurated. A 
Opening program for the inauguration ceremonies was agreed 
on. The officers of the Board were instructed to 
present a petition to the Assembly of Pennsylvania without delay for the 
incorporation of the Seminary. More financial solicitors were appointed. 
Rev. Mr. Herbst, who had been the most active person in securing the 
location of the Seminary at Gettysburg, was authorized to try to purchase 
the Gettysburg Academy for the use of the new institution. Arrange- 
ments were made for publicity. Several other items of business were 
transacted, and the first meeting of the Board, in some respects the most 
important meeting, adjourned. 
During the following summer Professor Schmucker moved to Gettys- 
burg, bringing with him his family and household goods and _ substantial 
contributions in money for the proposed Seminary which 
Tuesday, Sep- he had gathered from his three congregations in Vir- 
tember Fifth ginia. From Gettysburg he made a number of trips that 
summer soliciting funds. Early in September prospective 
students one by one made their way to the little town. And on Tuesday 
the fifth, all was in readiness for the inauguration. The ceremony took 
place in the Lutheran Church in the presence of the Board of Directors, 
the students, and a large company of ministers and citizens. Dr. J. G. 


100 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


Schmucker, president of the Board, preached a. sermon in German. Dr. 
D. F. Schaeffer then administered the oath of office to Dr. S. S. Schmucker 
as “Professor of Christian Theology.” This oath, which Dr. Schmucker 
subscribed, was the following: 

“Sincerely approving the design of the Seminary of the General Synod 
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, as detailed in 
Article I of its Constitution, and of the provisions of 
the Constitution and Statutes of said Seminary, I do sol- Schmucker’s 
emnly declare and promise, in the presence of God and Oath 
this Board, that I will faithfully endeavor to carry into 
effect all the provisions of said Constitution and Statutes, and thus pro- 
mote the great design of said Seminary. 

“I solemnly declare in the presence of God and the Directors of this 
Seminary, that I do ex animo, believe the Scriptures of the Old and New 
Testament to be the inspired Word of God, and the only perfect rule of 
faith and practice. I believe the Augsburg Confession and the Catechism 
of Luther to be a summary and just exhibition of the fundamental doc- 
trines of the Word of God. I declare that I approve of the general prin- 
ciples of church-government adopted by the Lutheran Church in_ this 
country, and believe them to be consistent with the Word of God. And 
I do solemnly promise not to teach any thing either directly or by in- 
sinuation, which shall appear to me to contradict, or to be in any degree 
more or less remote, inconsistent with the doctrines or principles avowed 
in this declaration. On the contrary, I promise, by the aid of God, to 
vindicate and inculcate these doctrines and principles, in opposition to the 
views of Atheists, Deists, Jews, Socinians, Unitarians, Arians, Universal- 
ists, Pelagians, Antinomians, and all other errorists, while I remain a 
professor in this Seminary.” 

After’ the formal installation Dr. Schaeffer delivered a charge to the 
Professor. He pointed out the advantages of theological 
seminaries in general and the special need for such a Schaeffer’s 
seminary among Lutherans. He reminded the Professor Charge 
of his serious responsibilities and charged him to be 
orthodox and faithful. He also charged the students to cultivate piety and 
knowledge. 

Then followed the inaugural address of Professor Schmucker. His sub- 
ject was, “The Theological Education of Ministers.” 

The two prerequisites of a proper theological student, he Schmucker’s 
said, are fervent piety and good natural talents, with Inaugural 
the great emphasis on fervent piety. The branches 

that ought to be included in a minister’s education are Greek and Hebrew, 


101 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Biblical interpretation and archaeology, dogmatics, homiletics, polemics, 
church polity, practical divinity, pastoral the- 
ology and natural theology. Discussing the 
proper method of study in theological educa- 
tion the professor set forth the superior advan- 
tages of a theological seminary over privately 
conducted courses and defended the location of 
seminaries in “smaller towns rather than cities.” 
Among the advantages that may be expected 
to result from such a course of study he men- 
tioned intelligent ministers, practical preachers, 
faithful pastors, and harmony among the future 
servants of the Church. Throughout the ad- 
dress there was a striking emphasis on per- 





SAMUEL SIMON 
SCHMUCKER 

As he appeared when he warned “never to prosecute study to the det- 

came to Gettysburg. 


sonal piety and repeatedly the student is 


riment of devotion.” 
The inauguration exercises lasted about four hours. Of the fifteen 
students who were enrolled the first year, eight were present on the open- 
ing day, two others had announced their coming, two 
The First Class more drifted in later in the fall and three came early in 
1827. Here is the list in the order of their matriculation: 
William Artz, of Hagerstown; David Jacobs, of Franklin County, Penn- 
sylvania; Jonathan Oswald, of Washington County, Maryland; William 
Moering, of Taneytown, Maryland; David Rosenmiller, of York; Jacob 
Kempffer, of North Carolina; John A. Galloway (a Presbyterian), of 
Gettysburg; Lewis Eichelberger, of Frederick County, Maryland; Daniel 
Heilig, of Philadelphia; John G. Morris, of York; Benjamin Oehrle, of 
Palmyra, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania; Nicholas G. Sharretts, of Car- 
lisle; Samuel D. Finckel, of Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania; 
and George Yeager. Six of these were college graduates, four from 
Dickinson and two from. Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. 

At Gettysburg they boarded in private families. 
It was announced on the opening day that a “valuable 
A Library and library” was already in hand, and Rev. Mr. Herbst was 
a Building appointed librarian. It was also reported that $1,674 had 
been collected on the subscriptions of $1,715.30. The 
library was housed in the Adams County Academy and here the lectures 
of the Theological Professor were to be held. The building, now a private 
residence, is located on the southeast corner of Washington and High 
Streets. It had been built in 1810 by means of an appropriation of $2,000 
secured from the Pennsylvania Legislature through the good offices of 


102 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY: BEGINS 


Thaddeus Stevens, a citizen of Gettysburg and a zealous advocate of 
popular education. 

‘Here, then, the Lutheran Church had all the essential elements of a 
theological seminary: an official board of directors, an installed professor, 





THe ApAMS County ACADEMY 


Built in 1810; home of the Seminary, 1826-1832, and of Pennsylvania College, 
1832-1837. 


a body of matriculated students, a library, a lecture hall, and a treasury. 
The simple record is, “The institution having been now regularly organized, 
the Professor immediately commenced his lectures with great zeal and 
ability.” 

Thus began the Gettysburg Theological Seminary on September 5, 1826. 
The Seminary was not merely the product of hopeful enthusiasm and 
zealous effort on the part of certain leaders in the 
Church. Nor was it simply the result of sacrificial A Timely 
endeavor on the part of its large circle of friends and Consummation 
supporters. It was also to a certain extent a product of 
the times. The long lines of two eenturies of historical development con- 
verged to bring it into being. More than two hundred years had elapsed since 
the first Lutheran settlers had come to America. Three-fourths of a century 
had passed since the leaders among the Lutherans in America had first 
felt the need of such an institution. It had been a long struggle. From 
their educational antecedents in Europe and from the dire needs of the field 
in America it might have been expected that the Lutherans in America 
would bring forth a theological seminary long before they did. But as a 
matter of fact the era of theological seminaries in America did not arrive 
until the first quarter of the nineteenth century. When it did arrive the 

103 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Lutherans with their Seminary at Gettysburg were well in the van of the 
movement. This will be clear if we consider a few facts in the history of 
theological education in general. 
Theological seminaries are a comparatively modern 
History of institution. Until the middle of the eighteenth century 
Seminaries State Churches prevailed everywhere and theology was 
taught almost entirely in universities supported by the 
governments. No special institutions existed for the training of pastors. 
But when independency began to flourish alongside of the established 
churches, one by one preacher-seminaries came to be founded, first by the 
Free Churches and the Nonconformists and then by the State Churches 
themselves. In Germany and the Scandinavian countries these new insti- 
tutions were called preacher-seminaries. In England and Scotland they 
were known as public colleges. In the Church of England they were 
diocesan seminaries. All aimed at the special training of the ministry. 
They followed somewhat the pattern of the Tridentine Seminaries of the 
Roman Catholics, offering first a philosophical course of one or two years 
and then a theological course of two or three years. 
The American colonists of the eighteenth century also founded colleges 
whose chief purpose it was to train a Christian ministry. They modeled 
these schools after the colleges of the British universities 
American where instruction in theology was mingled with gene-al 
Developments education. The development of these early Amer- 
ican colleges, therefore, was such that about the 
middle of the eighteenth century a great theological battle was waged 
concerning ministerial education. Learning and piety were set in antithesis 
to each other. Slowly it became evident that the colleges were not 
fulfilling the pious purposes of their founders but were developing into 
universities and ministering td general education and scientific research 
rather than to the special training of preachers and pastors. Early in the 
nineteenth century, therefore, the Churches in America began to make 
other provision for the training of their ministers. In rapid succession 
they established theological seminaries. This was easier to do after the 
establishment of the Republic and the consequent friendly separation of 
Church and State. The need for seminaries became even more imperative 
as the several states began to support non-theological and even non-relig- 
ious institutions with public funds. Moreover, the revival of theological 
science that began in Germany very early in that century extended over 
the major portion of Christendom. One of its effects in America was to 
stimulate the movement to establish denominational seminaries for the 
special training of pastors in theological branches. 
The first of these seminaries among Protestants was that of the Mo- 
ravians, at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, in 1807. The next year Andover was 


104 


GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 


founded by the Congregationalists in revolt against Harvard. Two years 
later the Dutch Reformed seminary was begun at New Brunswick, and in 
1812 the Presbyterian at Princeton. In 1816, the year 


that Lutherans erected a building for Hartwick Sem- An Era of 
inary, the Congregationalists founded another seminary Denominational 
at Bangor, Maine. The General Theological Seminary Seminaries 


was opened by the Protestant Episcopalians in New 
York City in 1819. The following year Auburn was begun by the Pres- 
byterians and Hamilton (now Colgate) by the Baptists. In 1823 Virginia 
Seminary at Alexandria began to serve the Episcopalians. Then 
followed, in quick succession, Union Seminary in Virginia for the Presby- 
terians in 1824, Newton for the Baptists and Lancaster for the German 
Reformed in 1825, Gettysburg for the Lutherans in 1826, Rock Spring 
(Illinois) for the Baptists, and Western at Allegheny for the Presbyte- 
rians in 1827, Lane for the Presbyterians in 1832, Hartford in 1834 and 
Oberlin in 1835, both for the Congregationalists, and Union in New York 
City for the Presbyterians in 18306. 

The founding of the Gettysburg Seminary in 1826, therefore, was not 
merely a worthy response to a crying need of long standing. It was also 
a concrete expression of the spirit of evangelical Chris- 


tianity in that day. It was clear evidence that the Luth- Born of the 
eran Church in America was feeling the impulses then Spirit of the 
surging through the other Christian Churches, the Times 


impulse to denominational conservation, the impulse to 
ageressive action, and particularly the impulse to an adequate and special- 
ized training of future ministers. 


From this narrative of the events leading to the establishment of the 
Seminary at Gettysburg it must be evident to the reader that the fate of 
the infant ‘institution lay in the lap of one young man, Samuel Simon 
Schmucker. He was the prime mover in the preliminaries, and drew up 
the plans for the institution. He formulated the constitution of the 
Seminary. He was the first professor and the entire faculty. For thirty- 
eight years he was at the head of the school and the chief factor in deter- 
mining its policy and procedure. We need to examine a little more closely 
the personality and the positions of this important agent in the history of 
the Seminary. 


CHARAE RS VEEL 
THE: CHIEF FOUNDER 


Samuel Simon Schmucker was only twenty-seven years old when the 
Gettysburg Seminary began. He was the chief factor in its founding and 
its early history, and it would be impossible to understand the course of 
the Seminary’s life without forming an estimate of his personality and 
theological position. 

The external events of his life have often been related and may be 
recorded here very briefly. He was born at Hagerstown, Maryland, Febru- 

ary 28, 1799, the son of Rev. Dr. John George Schmucker 
His Education and his wife, Catharine Gross. He was of German 

descent, his grandfather and great-grandfather having 
come from the province of Hesse-Darmstadt and having settled near Wood- 
stock, Virginia. When Samuel was ten years old his father moved to 
York and there for two years he studied at the York County Academy. 
This was his principal elementary training. In 
1814, in response to a very kindly letter written 
to him by Dr. Helmuth, the young man entered 
the freshman class at the University of Penn- 
sylvania. There he remained for two years, 
studying in the University and at the same time 
receiving theological instruction from Dr. Hel- 
muth. Returning to York in 1816 he had charge 
for a year and a half of the classical depart- 
ment of the Academy. During this time also 
he continued his theological studies under his 
father’s direction. In the summer of 1818 he 
entered the second year class of Princeton 





SAMUEL SIMON Theological Seminary and remained there until 
SCHMUCKER the spring of 1820. His principal teachers at 
pee gine AL ASe Princeton were Drs. Archibald Alexander 


and Samuel Miller. Among his fellow-students were Charles Hodge and 
Robert Baird and Bishops McIlvaine and Johns of the Episcopal Church. 
The University of Pennsylvania, where he had finished only the studies of the 
sophomore year, in 1819 conferred on him the degree of A.B., honoris causa. 

In May, 1820, he presented himself before the Ministerium of Penn- 
sylvania for licensure. After a careful and very satisfactory examination 
by Drs. Lochman and Endress, he was admitted to the work of the minis- 
try. He was licensed at Lancaster, May 31, 1820, his own father being 


106 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


president of the Ministerium. For four months he assisted his father at 
York. Then he went to take charge of the field specified in his certificate 
of licensure. This consisted of several congregations in 

Shenandoah County, Virginia, which had been under the His Ministry 
care of his uncle, Nicholas Schmucker. His parish em- 

braced five congregations with New Market as the center. In this obscure 
field the cultured and highly trained young preacher labored for nearly 
six years, declining all invitations to such places as Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
New York, Middletown, Georgetown and the general agency of the 
American Bible Society. In 1821 he was ordained by the newly organized 
Synod of Maryland and Virginia. In 1830 the doctorate of divinity was 
conferred on him both by Rutgers College and by the University of 
Pennsylvania. This was a high compliment to one so young. 

From 1826 to 1864 Dr. Schmucker was the head of the Gettysburg 
Seminary. He was a man of many and varied interests, as the narrative 
of his work in connection with the Seminary will show. 

He was married three times and the father of thirteen At Gettysburg 
children, nine of whom grew to maturity. Of his four 

sons three became ministers and one a jurist; of his five daugh- 
ters three married ministers and two jurists. After his resignation as 
active professor in 1864 he devoted himself to authorship almost to the 
end of his days. He died July 26, 1873, and was buried at Gettysburg, the 
scene of the chief labors of his crowded life. 

When we scek to understand Dr. Schmucker’s personality, a number 
of factors must be considered. He had a good heritage, physical, intel- 
lectual, and spiritual. He was one of twelve children 
and from childhood was trained in habits of self-dis- His Personality 
cipline. He was of medium height and not robust in 
appearance, but his health was generally good and he was capable of prodig- 
ious exertion. Frew men could endure such severe mental toil and such 
intensive and prolonged application. 

Related to this capacity for concentration was his uniform calmness and 
self-possession. He was thoroughly schooled in self-control. He was often 
the object of violent assault and could himself deal a 
mighty thrust, but even amid the most animated discus- Self-Control 
sion or under the most trying circumstances it is said and Dignity 
that he never gave any outward sign that his temper 
was ruffled or his equanimity disturbed. His poise and dignity made 
him scorn anything like pompous advertisement or spectacular method or 
boastful utterance. He always maintained a dignified reserve. 

Moreover, he was very methodical in all his ways, always ready with 
precepts and formulas. His self-analysis is entirely correct when he says 
in the preface to the first edition of his “Popular Theology” that he is 


107 


HISTORY’ OF GEDTYSBURG SEMINARY 


“habitually fond of rigid adherence to system.” He had much skill, there- 
fore, in writing constitutions and by-laws, formulas of discipline, articles 
of agreement, rules and regulations. For many years he 
Systematic kept a very careful diary. He cultivated the quality of 
and Exact exactness that comes from writing, Even his lectures 
for his little group of students at the Seminary were 
in may cases written out in full. There was nothing weak, feverish 
or slip-shod about him. The traditions of his father’s house all made 
for vigor, industry, and carefulness. 
Of Schmucker’s intellectual ability there can be no doubt. The testi- 
monials of those who taught him at York, in Philadelphia, and at Prince- 
ton are of the highest order. They attest not only his 
Studious Habits diligence as a student and his attainments in learning 
but also his high native talent. He was a student by 
heritage and by habit. He studied at the expense of sociability. He 
seemed to require little relaxation. His mind, therefore, was well dis- 
ciplined and unusually well stored with classical knowledge already at the 
early beginning of his career. One effect of this was that he delighted in 
the teaching functions of his ministry. From his father he had learned to 
catechise intensively and to this work he gave much attention in his pas- 
torate at New Market, so that he could say with H. E. Muhlenberg, of 
Lancaster: “The part of my work that I love most is the instruction of 
the youth.” He also conducted Sunday schools in his congregations, and 
these were rare institutions in that day. His aptness to teach was evident 
also in his sermons, which he wrote out with great care and then preached 
without notes. They were devout and earnest, but the didactic element 
held chief prominence and there were few flowers of rhetoric. In preach- 
ing as in teaching and writing he used both English and German. His 
skill in German was acquired by patient study and practice. In his pas- 
torate at New Market he preached every Sunday in both languages. In 
his teaching at Gettysburg he used of course chiefly English, but for a 
number of years he also gave instruction in German for the sake of those 
students who did not understand English. He read extensively in the 
literature of both languages. 
A striking witness to the breadth of his intellectual 
Breadth of horizon early in life is found in the “Pastoral Address” 
Knowledge which at the direction of the General Synod in 1823 he 
wrote to all the congregations of the Lutheran Church 
in America. His accurate description of the general situation in the 
Church, his diagnosis of the chief needs of the Church, his discriminating 
analysis of the several synods in the United States and his broad knowledge 
of conditions among Lutherans in the various countries of Europe, are 
such as are rarely found in one only twenty-four years old. 


108 


THE CHIEF POUNDER 


His intellectual equipment was reflected most clearly in his work as a 

teacher in the Seminary. Here he adapted himself to the needs of his 
students and to the practical requirements of the Church 
at that time. His students came to him at first with As a Seminary 
little preliminary training and he was obliged to adapt Teacher 
the method and content of his teaching to their capacity. 
Moreover, the course extended over only two years, and the lone profes- 
sor had a very wide range of subjects to cover. He was obliged to teach 
Greek and Hebrew philology, sacred geography, sacred chronology, Bibli- 
cal and profane history, Jewish antiquities, mental philosophy, natural 
theology, evidences of Christianity, Biblical criticism, exegetical and Bibli- 
cal theology, systematic divinity, ecclesiastical history, pastoral and polemic 
theology, church government, and the composition and delivery of sermons. 
For some years, therefore, the content of his teaching was rather elemen- 
tary even for that day. His method of conducting his lectures usually con- 
sisted in slowly dictating several paragraphs to the students and following 
this with extended comments on what had been written. When text-books 
were used he required that the assigned portions be mastered very thor- 
oughly. In some of the courses he first lectured on a portion of the sub- 
ject and then closed the hour by dictating questions covering the substance 
of the lecture. His views were doled out to his students as a finished 
product and there was little encouragement to original thinking or collat- 
eral research. 

It is easy, therefore, to understand why, with all his zeal for learning 
in the Church, with all his native talent and diligent application and thor- 
ough training, Dr. Schmucker did not develop into a 
profound scholar. His interests were too wide, the Not Profound 
practical duties of his executive office were too many, but Analytical 
and the theological branches that he was obliged to teach 
were too varied to permit him to become a specialist in any one branch. His 
colleagues and some of his students surpassed him in depth and in critical 
skill. He wrote a theology, but it was, as indeed it claimed to be, a 
“Popular Theology” and not the work of a trained dogmatician. He 
wrote on historical subjects, but he exhibited no critical acumen. He made 
several excursions into the realm of exegesis but he made no original 
contributions in this field. He was not uninformed on matters of the 
latest research, but he did not himself make any original contributions. 
His intellectual talent was developed along the lines of analysis rather than 
those of research. He had a special fondness and unusual aptitude for 
reducing everything to the most logical and systematic form. He was, 
therefore, a skilful translator, a popular teacher and preacher, able to take 
the results of profound research, pack them for transportation and present 
them for popular consumption. 


109 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Happily, Dr. Schmucker’s qualities were those most needed in the teacher 
of preachers in the incipient Seminary of the Lutheran Church at the 
beginning of the second quarter of the nineteenth cen- 
The Talent for tury. The Church was. still in the transition from 
His Task German to English, from European to American ways. 
She was still in the process of breaking the bonds of 
unionism and shaking off the fangs of rationalism. An evangelical min- 
istry of devout and practical preachers was her greatest need. There 
were no preparatory schools as yet and it was not to be expected that the 
Seminary would begin with scholarship approaching that of a university. 
The work of the Seminary at Gettysburg under Dr. Schmucker, both in 
kind and degree, was not unlike that of the several other seminaries that 
had just been established in that period. His students uniformly held an 
exalted opinion of his ability and his fidelity, and the Church both then 
and since has felt that the institution which he founded served the purpose 
for which it was established. 
Approaching the heart of the man a little more closely we observe first 
of all that he was a man. of deep piety. His father before him traced his 
own conversion to a definite date, conducted revivals of 
Profound Piety religions in his parishes and measured the success of 
each year’s ministry by the number of souls that had 
been definitely converted during the year. The son, therefore, was early 
accustomed to introspection and anxious regard for the condition of his 
soul. In his youth he was frequently troubled with doubts and conflicting 
impulses and there was much mental anguish about his internal call to the 
ministry. In his pastorate he labored earnestly for conversions. Special 
services were held for the salvation of sinners and mid-week “prayer- 
meetings” were organized, after Pietist pattern, for the edification of the 
saints. He distinguished sharply between the converted and the unrepen- 
tant. His diary clearly reveals a most sincere and self-abasing soul, a 
thoroughly devout heart, and a spirit of fervent prayer. 
This pious attitude Dr. Schmucker carried with him to his work at the 
Seminary. In the Constitution, which he wrote, it is specified that “No per- 
son shall be eligible to the office of Professor, who is 


Efforts fora not an ordained pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran 
Converted Church, of high repute for piety and talents.” We have 
Ministry seen how his inaugural address emphasized personal piety 


as a requirement in a ministerial student. He urgues that 
the rigor of the class-room must sometimes be abated in order that the 
student may cultivate his spirituality, and he advises that when a student 
is assailed with “doubts and fears” he should suspend his studies and devote 
whole days to practical religious exercises until he regain “a preponder- 
ance of spiritual feeling.” 


110 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


Dr. Schmucker was himself a man of strict morals and inculcated prin- 
ciples and precepts that a later generation would style puritanical. This 
left its impress upon the spirit of the institution that he helped to found 
and vitally influenced the ideals of the ministers in training there. [or 
Dr. Schmucker gave personal attention to all of the students who came to 
the Seminary and many of them were the objects of his anxious solici- 
tude, even in their personal lives and private affairs. It ought to be 
pointed out, however, that when Dr. Schmucker emphasized the need of 
piety in Christian ministers he referred to something more than merely 
the outward evidences of sanctification. He used the word in a sense more 
nearly synonymous with salvation or conversion. Like Whitefield and 
Wesley he could refer to the time when a person was converted as the 
time when he “became pious.” In his inaugural address he repeatedly 
contrasts the “pious” man with the unregenerate or unconverted man. This 
is entirely in harmony with the usage of later Pietism itself. In his efforts 
for piety in the Seminary, therefore, Dr. Schmucker must be understood 
as laboring definitely for a converted ministry, and his success in this 
also marked a distinct advance over the preceding period of Lutheran 
history in America. 

Another quality in Schmucker’s personality that influenced the work 
of the Seminary in its early life was his breadth of interest, his active 
sympathy with general and philanthropic movements of 


the day. He was an ardent advocate of temperance His Interest in 
and even of legal prohibition. A total abstainer himself, General 
and a sad witness of the effects of intemperance in Movements 


the lives of some of his best ministerial friends, he was 

one of the earliest organizers of temperance societies in this country and 
actively supported the cause. He also gave of his time and energy to agi- 
tate with tongue and pen for a proper observance of the “Christian Sab- 
bath.” He stoutly maintained the divine obligation of the Lord’s Day. 
The orphan also claimed his active interest and he spent much time in 
adjusting the affairs of the Frey estate and the Emmaus Orphan House 
at Middletown, Pennsylvania. On the question of slavery he was an out- 
spoken abolitionist. He manumitted the slaves that had come to him 
through marriage, was among the earliest advocates of African coloniza- 
tion, helped to organize emancipation societies, wrote freely and fully 
against the institution of slavery, helped to make Gettysburg a station on 
the “underground railway” for fugitive slaves, and labored earnestly for 
the improvement of conditions among freedmen. In 1835, a colored student, 
Daniel A. Payne, from Charleston, South Carolina, entered the Seminary 
and there was no discrimination against him. It does not seem to have 
occurred to Dr. Schmucker, however, to send him as a Lutheran mission- 
ary among his own race. He afterwards became a bishop in the Methodist 

ike 


HISTORY: OF GETTYSBURG, SEMINARY 


Church. For many years Schmucker regularly attended the annual meet- 
ings of the American Tract Society in New York, had a leading part in 
determining the policies of the organization, and for eight years was a 
vice-president. 
Dr. Schmucker’s activities in all these general movements of his gener- 
ation as well as the acquaintanceships formed during his student days at 
Princeton and in Philadelphia led him to cultivate a wide 
Interest in circle of friendship outside of his own Lutheran 
Christian Union Church. It prompted in him an ecumenical spirit of 
fraternity. The cause of Christian union, not to be con- 
fused with organic Church union, always lay very near his heart. Already in 
1838 he published a book entitled ‘Fraternal Appeal to the American 
_ Churches, with a Plan for Catholic Union on Apostolic Principles.” This 
had a wide circulation and met with warm approval both in this country 
and abroad. It brought him into extended correspondence with prominent 
men of all denominations, and started the movement that culminated in the 
organization of the Evangelical Alliance in 1846. He went with great 
delight to the organization meeting in London and was received with spe- 
cial marks of respect. The broad basis of the Alliance is well known. 
But it is interesting to note that when the Alliance proposed at this first 
meeting to exclude members from slave-holding states, Dr. Schmucker 
objected most vigorously on the ground that the Alliance was formed for 
religious purposes while slavery is a political evil, and on the further 
ground that such exclusion would tend to disruption rather than to closer 
union. 
This visit to the Evangelical Alliance Schmucker made an occasion 
to travel extensively in England and Scotland and on the Continent, where 
he learned to know the chief theologians and preachers 
His Broad of those countries, and enlisted wide interest in the 
Contacts Seminary at Gettysburg. These broad contacts both 
within and without the Lutheran Church he kept up 
throughout his life, and turned to the financial advantage of the Seminary 
in its most needy hour. Even through the period of intolerance that 
prevailed during the middle part of the century he maintained his large 
spirit of catholic toleration. His very last publication, “True Unity of 
Christ’s Church,” was devoted to the interests of the Evangelical Alliance, 
whose approaching meeting in New York in 1873 he hoped to attend. 
His labors across denominational lines are really of a piece with his labors 
for a General Synod among American Lutherans and his labors on the 
Committee of Correspondence between the General Synod and the Luther- 
ans of Europe. They are concrete evidences of his breadth of sympathy 
and his thorough-going spirit of fraternity. This too left its marks upon the 
Seminary that he founded and the General Synod whose ministry he trained. 


112 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


But the chief element in Dr. Schmucker’s personal equipment, the factor 
of prime importance for the history of the Seminary, was his ability as 
an organizer and executive. Here again he showed his 
extraordinary talent very early in life. When he was Executive 
only nineteen years old the Pennsylvania Ministerium Ability 
appointed his father and two others as a committee 
to confer with a committtee from the Reformed Synod of Pennsylvania 
and draw up a plan for a joint theological seminary at Lancaster. The 
plan that was drawn up and which the Ministerium failed to adopt not be- 
cause of any weakness in the plan itself was written by the hand of 
S. S. Schmucker and undoubtedly embodies for the most part his own 
ideas. The next year we find him advocating vigorous and practical 
measures which through his father he urges the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
to enact in order to rescue the Lutheran Church from its deplorable and 
lifeless condition. He was present at the meeting of the Pennsylvania 
Ministerium in 1819 when it was decided to establish a General Synod. 
He attended the organization meeting in 1820 and the first regular con- 
vention in 1821. His first appearance as a regular delegate was in 1823 
and at once he assumed the leadership. For more than fifty years he at- 
tended every convention of the General Synod either as a regular delegate 
or as chairman of the committee on hymn-books and catechisms. 

In 1823 when the fate of the infant General Synod seemed to be decided 
by the withdrawal of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, and the West Penn- 
sylvania Conference appointed their meeting for the very 
day that had been fixed for the meeting of the General Saved the 
Synod, young Schmucker in his rural parish in Virginia General Synod 
sensed the seriousness of the situation for the future 
of the Lutheran Church as a whole and at once resolved to make a 
desperate effort to sustain the General Synod. He wrote immediately 
to the principal friends of the cause in the various Synods. Then he set 
out on horseback for Frederick, where in company with D. F. Schaeffer 
more letters were written. From there he went to Gettysburg and per- 
suaded John Herbst to accompany him to the home of his father, J. G. 
Schmucker in York. These three determined that J. G. Schmucker should 
call the meeting of the West Pennsylvania Conference two weeks earlier 
than the date appointed and that J. G. Schmucker and John Herbst, by 
the aid of a long written appeal from S. S. Schmucker, should persuade 
the Conference to adopt certain resolutions already prepared by the 
younger Schmucker endorsing the cause of the General Synod and appoint- 
ing delegates to its next meeting. These heroic efforts succeeded in saving 
the life of the General Synod, and Schmucker’s executive talent was 
always thereafter recognized. 

As a member of the Synod of Maryland and Virginia in 1821 he pre- 


113 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


pared “The Formula for the Government and Discipline of the Evangelical 
Lutheran Church in Maryland and Virginia.” This was adopted by the 
General Synod as its own in 1823. Four years later as 


Wrote a member of the West Pennsylvania Synod he revised 
Fundamental and enlarged the Formula of Government for that Synod 
Instruments and the General Synod adopted it as revised. It thus 


became the ground plan for the organization of the 

great body of congregations in the General Synod and its influence con- 

tinues to this day. He also prepared the model Constitution for Synods 

which the General Synod adopted in 1829, and this, as he says in his own 
memorandum, completed the Formula. 

In 1823 he proposed that the General Synod form a standing committee 

of foreign correspondence, and he became its chairman, in this way be- 

ginning his intimate touch with leading men in the 


Other Labors Lutheran Churches of Germany and the Scandinavian 
for the General lands and acting as the spokesman of American Luth- 
Synod erans in addressing the Lutherans of the world. He 


wrote the first four “Pastoral Addresses” of the General 
Synod, the letters in which the fundamental principles of the general body 
were first made known to the congregations. By the authority of the 
General Synod he published an English Catechism and with the aid of 
C. P. Krauth brought out the English Hymn-Book of 1829. He was 
president of the General Synod in 1850 and several times president of the 
West Pennsylvania Synod. He was one of the chief agents also in found- 
ing The Lutheran Observer in 1831, the Central Missionary Society 
and the Parent Education Society in 1835, the Foreign Missionary Society 
in 1837, the Home Missionary Society in 1845, and the Church Extension 
Society in 1853. There is scarcely a single branch of the organized work 
of the Church in his day on which he did not stamp the impress of his 
organizing talent. 
The great executive talent of the chief founder of the Seminary was 
the result of his diligence, his determination, and his ability to anticipate 
most of the situations that from time to time confronted 


Tenacity of him. He was both far-sighted and near-sighted, vision- 
Purpose ary enough to look into the future and practical enough 


to calculate the next step. His will once fixed on a 
goal, he moved calmly forward to it irrespective of obstacles. He was 
never swerved from his purpose by adverse criticism or the fear of it. 
Witness his tenacity in the founding of the Seminary itself. At least 
seven years elapsed after he had conceived the ideal before it was realized 
and through all that time he lost no opportunity to .advance, however 
slowly, towards the goal. A further instance of his perspective into the 
future and his tenacity in achieving is seen in the fact that when he left 


114 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


Princeton early in 1820 he had set up three definite. objects which he was 
determined to accomplish “for the welfare of our Church: a translation of 
some one eminent system of Lutheran dogmatics, a theological seminary, 
and a college for the Lutheran Church.” The first two of these ambitions he 
attained within the next six years, and the third he realized six years later. 

This same tenacity of purpose he applied in administering the affairs 
of the Seminary after it was founded. He was diligent in business and 
he stood, if not before kings, at least before legislators. If one appeal 
did not win his case, repeated appeals were made. Errors 
of judgment he did sometimes make. This is easy to Unsurpassed 
record now that he has been dead these fifty years and as Executive 
more. But when we consider the tremendous responsibili- 
ties laid upon his shoulders from the days of his immature youth, the 
wonder is that he did not make more mistakes than he did. The statement 
made concerning him by Professor H. E. Jacobs thirty years ago is still 
true: “Never have higher executive abilities been at the service of the 
Church.” 

Turning now from Dr. Schmucker’s personality to his theological posi- 
tion we touch another very important factor in the history of the Seminary 
and indeed of the entire Lutheran Church in America. 

We have an abundance of published materials on which His Theolog- 
to base an estimate of his standpoint in theology. He ical Views 
was outspoken in confessing his views. Moreover, he 

was very prolific as an author and published altogether forty-four works, 
though most of these were synodical and occasional discourses. As we 
might expect from the analysis of his personality that we have made, he 
was fairly consistent in his theological views throughout his life, though 
the great changes in the Church during his long incumbency at the Semi- 
nary brought it about that the Church as a whole reacted differently to his 
views in different periods of his life. This in turn influenced somewhat 
his own statements and points of emphasis. His theological position, 
therefore, can only be understood in the light of the general conditions of 
the times in which he lived and labored. 

When Dr. Schmucker entered the ministry the Lutheran Church in 
America was sadly in need of conservation. Its very life was threatened. 
The Revolutionary War had brought a terrible after- 


math of immorality and infidelity that perpetuated itself The General 
far into the youth of the Republic. If the descriptions Conditions 
of contemporary writers are to be credited, the low state He Met 


of morals that prevailed everywhere during the first two 
decades of the nineteenth century amounted almost to “universal putrefac- 


tion.” But this immorality was only the natural result of a general decline 


115 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


in religious faith. The close contact of America with France during the war 
and during the making of the nation had left a deposit of rationalistic 
thought all over America. Moreover, German rationalism and English deism 
had been imported in liberal quantities. The result was that a general dere- 
liction of religious principle and practice pervaded the land, affecting 
clergy as well as laity. The faith of the fathers threatened to disappear. 

The Lutheran Church caught the infection of ration- 


Deterioration alism, though not to the same degree as the other Protes- 
Among tant Churches. The spirit of Muhlenberg and his faith- 
Lutherans ful co-laborers did not entirely die out, but it lived on 


only feebly, being kept alive by such men as Helmuth, 
Schmidt, J. G. Schmucker, Lochman, and the Schaeffers. In 1792 the 
Pennsylvania Ministerium revised its constitution and omitted all refer- 
ence to the Lutheran Confessions or even to the Bible. Two years before 
Schmucker was licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium that body had 
adopted a liturgy in which the formula of distribution in the Lord’s Sup- 
per was identical with that of the Reformed. In New York after Dr. 
Kunze died the Ministerium there came under the rationalizing influence 
of Dr. Quitman and was ready to deny the inspiration and authority of 
the Bible and to set at naught all the main doctrines of the Lutheran Con- 
fessions and even of the Apostles’ Creed. These two synods included the 
main body of Lutherans in America. The evangelical elements that were 
still left in the Church were strongly tinged with unionism. This con- 
dition was due partly to indolence but chiefly to considerations of ex- 
pediency. In New York and North Carolina the Lutherans fraternized 
with the Episcopalians, in Pennsylvania with the Reformed. 
These conditions during the first quarter of the nine- 


Schmucker teenth century threatened the Lutheran Church of Amer- 
Sees the ica with disintegration and complete loss of identity. 
Danger Fortunately, there were a few among the rising gener- 


ation who sensed the danger. The most vigorous among 
them was S. S. Schmucker. While yet a student at Princeton his cor- 
respondence and his entries into his diary show that he was deeply im- 
pressed with the widespread lack of spirituality among ministers and the 
unevangelical character of the churches. He was particularly impressed 
with these conditions as they prevailed in the Lutheran Church. He shows 
great zeal for “our Lutheran Zion” and writes about “the deplorable state 
of our Church” and about the “ignorance of many of our brethren in the 
ministry.” Writing about a conference that he had with his good friend, 
F. C. Schaeffer, in New York, he says: “We promised each other that 
in reliance on God we would do everything possible to promote the follow- 
ing objects: In general to labor for the welfare of our Church, that a 
rule may be established according to which every applicant must be exam- 


116 


THE CHIE ROUNDER 


ined in regard to his personal Christianity, that the Augsburg Confession 
should again be brought up out of the dust and that everyone must sub- 
scribe to the twenty-one articles and declare before God by his subscrip- 
tion that it corresponds with the Bible, not quantum but quia.” 

This was written in a letter to his father. What he means by his refer- 
ence to the Augsburg Confession is made clearer by an entry in his diary 
referring to that same conference with Schaeffer: “Rela- 


tive to the propriety of our Synod adopting a confession Zeal for 
of faith, we also had some interchange of sentiments. Evangelical 
He is of the opinion that something should be done and Fundamentals 


ought to have been done many years ago. He agreed 
to the opinion that a confession should be adopted which ought to 
include only fundamental doctrines; and that would leave sufficient room 
for liberty of thought, which all Protestants must retain, and yet would 
be sufficiently specific to exclude heresy from our body. . . . This would 
enable us effectually to exclude from the Church of Christ those pests of so- 
ciety, the Socinians.” Clearly young Schmucker was primarily concerned 
about recovering the evangelical character of the Lutheran Church as a whole 
and to that end he believed that confessional subscription ought to be re- 
stored by the synods and that the Augsburg Confession in a general way should 
be the distinguishing mark in the faith of Lutheran ministers. In this he was 
thoroughly consistent from first to last and beyond this he never went. It 
was the next generation that came to be concerned not only about the 
evangelical character of the Church but also its confessional character. 

Schmucker’s zeal for a pledge to the Augsburg Confession was the 
result of three factors. It was due, in part, to the influence of his teacher, 
Helmuth, who was a veteran from the days of the Patri- 
arch Muhlenberg and who had carried over with him Sources of His 
the confessional strain of that earlier period. It was Lutheran Zeal 
due to his personal reaction against the Lutheran situ- 
ation as he found it at its worst in New York City. It was due, also, to his 
denominational self-consciousness that had been cultivated by his contacts 
with representatives of other denominations in Princeton. 

Accordingly, in the plan for a Seminary which Schmucker drew up and 
which the General Synod adopted in 1825, the first resolution specifies: “In 
this Seminary shall be taught, in the German and Eng- 


lish languages, the fundamental doctrines of the Sacred In the 
Scriptures, as contained in the Augsburg Confession.” Seminary 
In the Constitution of the Seminary which he prepared Constitution 


and which the Board of Directors adopted in 1826, 
the design of the Seminary, as set forth in Article I, is this: “To provide 
our churches with pastors who sincerely believe, and cordially approve of 


117 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG, SEMINARY 


the doctrines of the Holy Scriptures, as they are fundamentally taught 
in the Augsburg Confession, and who will therefore teach them in opposi- 
, tion to Deists, Unitarians, Arians, Antinomians, and all other fundamental 
errorists.’ The oath of office which the Constitution required of the Pro- 
fessor and which Schmucker had composed and then pronounced and sub- 
scribed at his inauguration is the following: “I solemnly declare in the 
presence of God and the Directors of this Seminary, that I do ex animo, 
believe the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be the inspired 
Word of God, and the only perfect rule of faith and practice. I believe 
the Augsburg Confession and the Catechisms of Luther to be a summary 
and just exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God. I 
declare that I approve of the general principles of church-government 
adopted by the Lutheran Church in this country, and believe them to be 
consistent with the Word of God. And I do solemnly promise not to 
teach anything, either directly or by insinuation, which shall appear to me 
to contradict, or to be in any degree more or less remote, inconsistent 
with the doctrines or principles avowed in this declaration. On the con- 
trary, I promise, by the aid of God, to vindicate and inculcate these doc- 
trines and principles, in opposition to the views of Atheists, Deists, Jews, 
Socinians, Unitarians, Arians, Universalists, Pelagians, Antinomians, and 
all other errorists, while I remain a professor in this Seminary.” What 
is meant by “fundamental doctrines” or what these declarations imply 
with reference to other Protestant Churches,—these are questions that did 
not specifically arise at that time and if they had arisen they would have 
been regarded as unimportant. The great contrast was between pious 
evangelical Christians and “fundamental errorists.” 
Schmucker was doubtless in entire accord with his friend, David F. 
Schaeffer, when in delivering the charge at the inauguration in 1826, 
Schaeffer said: “As the Lord has signally favoured our 
At the Gettys- beloved church—as her tenets are Biblical, and her 
burg Inaugural  veriest enemies cannot point out an important error in her 
articles of faith, no more than could the enemies of the 
truth at the Diet of Worms prove the books of the immortal reformer er- 
roneous; therefore, the Church which entrusts you with the preparation and 
formation of her pastors demands of you (and in her behalf I solemnly 
charge you) to establish all students confided to your care in that faith 
which distinguishes our Church from others. If any should object to 
such faith, or any part of it, or refuse to be convinced of the excellence 
of our discipline, they have their choice to unite with such of our Chris- 
tian brethren whose particular views in matters of faith and discipline 
may suit them better. I hold it, however, as indispensable for the peace 
and welfare of a Church that unity of sentiment should prevail upon all 
important matters of faith and discipline among its pastors. Hence, I 


118 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


charge you to exert yourself in convincing our students that the Augsburg 
Confession is a safe directory to determine upon matters of faith, declared 
in the Lamb’s Book. To a difference of opinion upon subjects of minor 
importance, by which different denominations of Christians have been 
brought into existence, we have no objection, provided the spirit of 
Christ prevails. The visible Church is rather beautified by such difference, 
as is a garden by flowers of variegated colours. But the different genera 
and species should be preserved, according to their peculiar nature. The 
right of private judgment Luther contended for, and hence the utmost 
liberality towards others should ever characterize the pastor of the 
Lutheran Church.” 

Quite significant is the word “important” as it recurs in the first sentence 
and again in the third, the word “directory” as applied to the Augsburg 
Confession, and the minimizing of the differences among 


“denominations of Christians.’ Schaeffer specifies the What Are 
doctrine of Christ’s divinity and the doctrine of the Lutheran 
atonement, and concludes: “These points are those in Essentia!s? 


which believers of our Church chiefly delight, and 

though others may differ from us in their views, yet you will ever remem- 
ber that every minister of the gospel in the Evangelical Lutheran Church 
must believe and teach that Jesus Christ is Jehovah, the true and essential 
God, co-equal and co-eternal with the Father, and that He voluntarily 
covenanted to come into this world in the form of a man to atone upon the 
cross for the sins of the world.” And Schmucker’s only reference to the 
distinctive doctrines of the Lutheran Church in his inaugural address is 
in his conclusion where he expresses the hope that “God will raise up in 
our institution a multitude of able and faithful laborers for His vineyard, 
who shall preach with fidelity the grand doctrines of the mother church 
of the Reformation.” 

A suggestion as to the meaning of this distinction between “important 
matters of faith’ and “subjects of minor importance,” between fundamental 
and non-fundamental doctrines, is contained in the ‘Ad- 
dress of the General Synod to the Evangelical Lutheran What Are 
Church in the United States” which Schmucker wrote Fundamentals? 
in 1823. Speaking of the government and discipline 
of the Church, he says: “The principle which the General Synod con- 
ceives to be taught in Scripture, and would recommend to the Church 
at large, is this: that we should view with charity and treat with for- 
bearance those who have fallen into an aberration of non-fundamental 
importance either from the faith or the practice of the Bible and the 
Augsburg Confession; and, on the other hand, that we are bound ‘not to 
eat with a fornicator, or a covetous, or an idolator, or a railer, or a drunk- 
ard, or an extortioner,’ but to ‘put away from among us such wicked per- 


ile 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


sons,’ and that ‘a man that is an heretick’ who denies a fundamental doc- 
trine, a doctrine essential to the Christian scheme, we are in like manner 
bound ‘after the first and second admonition to reject.’”’ This reveals 
the same general theological position that we have already noted: a funda- 
mental doctrine is one ‘essential to the Christian scheme” and aberrations 
on all other matters should be treated with forbearance. 
More light on Schmucker’s views at this time may be gathered from a 
written staement made by Dr. Schmucker in 1828 when he gave $1,000 to 
establish a scholarship at the Seminary. In the terms of 
Another the gift he provided that it should revert to his heirs “if 
Statement at any future time (which may God. in_ mercy 
prevent) this institution should become so_ perverted 
that a belief in the doctrines of the eternal and proper divinity of Jesus 
Christ, in the doctrine that the atonement is general, and in its nature 
and design equally applicable and accessible to all, the universality of 
divine aid or grace sufficient for salvation, and the real willingness of 
God to save all men should no longer be required of the professors and 
taught by them in reality.” 
Three years after the Seminary began Dr. Schmucker had opportunity 
to carry into effect another of his private resolutions of 1820, the one per- 
taining to the Augsburg Confession. He was chairman 


Augsburg of a committee in the General Synod to prepare a model 
Confession Constitution for the government of district synods. Now 
Introduced the General Synod in its original constitution had made 


no mention of any Lutheran confessional writing. 
This was only natural in view of the confessionless condition of the dis- 
trict synods. But in the report of Schmucker’s committee adopted by 
the General Synod in 1829, the candidates for licensure or ordination are 
required by the district synods to declare their belief “that the fundamen- 
tal doctrines of the Word of God are taught in a manner substantially 
correct in the doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Confession.” This state- 
ment accords precisely with all of Schmucker’s earlier positions. Vague 
and indefinite as it would seem today, it was nevertheless at that time a 
decided advance upon the preceding period and a distinct call to the dis- 
trict synods to occupy higher confessional ground. The General Synod and 
its Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and its Professor of Theology in 
1830 could with truth be regarded as conservatizing Lutherans. In fact, 
during the first twenty years of Dr. Schmucker’s incumbency at Gettys- 
burg, objections were raised against him in certain quarters on the ground 
that he was too Lutheran. 
But time passed and changes came. Rapid developments within the 
Church brought about an entirely different situation and called for a new 
type of leadership. The new period may be characterized as one of denomi- 


120 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


national zeal and strong antitheses. The quickening evangelical impulse 
that visited American Christianity during the first quarter of the nine- 
teenth century and was carried by men like Schmucker 
succeeded in overcoming the dominance of rationalism. |New Conditions 
Then too the tendency towards unionism and co-operation Arise 
among the American churches soon ran its natura! 
course and long before the middle of the century bore its natural 
fruit in divisions and sub-divisions. As the common enemies in skepticism 
and immorality retreated, the unifying bonds among positive Christians 
were loosened. Besides, after 1830, there was remarkable interest in the 
study of Church history, particularly of denominational histories, and the 
result was that loyalty to one’s own church once more came to be re- 
garded as a virtue. Slowly the pendulum swung across to dogmatism in 
religion and ethics. The human spirit became highly sensitive and com- 
bative in all its interests. In politics it was sectionalism and it led to civil 
war. In religion it was sectarianism and it led to denominational strife. 
Not only did denominations compete and conflict with one another, but in 
almost all of them there were also internal disruptions on all sorts of 
theoretical and practical issues. 

This general movement in American Christianity towards denominational 
conservatism and the sharpening of ecclesiastical antitheses had its signifi- 
cant parallel in European Christianity. In the Roman 


Catholic Church under Jesuit direction events were mov- General 
ing towards the Immaculate Conception dogma of 1854, Ecclesiastical 
and this was the stepping-stone for the Papal Infallibil- Conservatism 


ity dogma of 1870. The Anglican Church had _ its 

Tractarian Movement. In Germany there was a revival of orthodox 
Lutheran zeal in opposition to the Prussian Union and rationalistic State 
churches. It was a time of general commotion throughout Christendom. 
Everywhere party spirit was aroused and divisions resulted. 

The Lutheran Church of America, in accord with the general trend of 
events, made a rapid transition from the general laxity and indifferentism 
of the early nineteenth century to a vigorous denomi- 
national consciousness. It began in the fourth or fifth Rapid 
decade. The new vigor imparted to all American Transition 
Christianity by the religious movement earlier in the cen- 
tury had made its impression also on Lutherans. Then, too, the rising genera- 
tion began to study anew the splendid history and the confessional writings of 
the Lutheran Church. Moreover, large numbers of rigid confessionalists 
arrived from Germany and the Scandinavian lands. Most of these formed 
their own Lutheran organizations in America and with tongue and pen 
helped to point the way back to historic Lutheranism. A few found their 
way into the older synods and there made vigorous contribution of loyal 


121 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Lutheran spirit. There sprang up a large literature fairly bristling with 
Lutheran orthodoxy. Everywhere staunch advocates of “Old Lutheran- 
ism” arose. Conservative principles spread like a contagion and the rising 
generation of ministers soon were affected. Such were the changes that 
what had been regarded from 1820 to 1845 as conservatizing Lutheranism 
came to be regarded not long after the middle of the century as indefinite, 
over-liberal, and un-Lutheran. The transition to conservative Lutheran- 
ism was so rapid as to leave certain sections of the General Synod behind. 
The result was a sharp antithesis and much controversy among Lutherans 
of Muhlenberg descent and finally the disruption of the General Synod 
itself. In this antithesis the founder of the Gettysburg Seminary was 
involved and the controversy influenced profoundly the course of events 

at the institution. : 
Dr. Schmucker was one of those who did not yield to the rising tide 
of confessional Lutheranism. Through all the rapid changes in the Church 
he remained constant. This was due to the steadfastness 


Schmucker of his inmost character. His convictions, as we have 
Refuses to seen, were settled early in life. Through constant ex- 
Change pression and repeated enforcement they were made a 


part of his very self and so became impervious to any 
change in external surroundings or any shift in the trend of events. It is 
true that during the years of his training, his surroundings, as a matter of 
course and without his knowing it, exerted considerable influence on his 
views both in theology and in ethics. While his Lutheran consciousness 
and his zeal for his own Church easily predominated, yet Puritanism, 
Methodism, Presbyterianism, and other factors in the environment of his 
early youth, all made contributions to his intellectual and his personal 
make-up. But once his ideas were settled, they were hard to change. His 
fixity of character, his imperturbability of spirit, his native tendency to 
dignified reserve, would not permit him to be swept off his feet. He had 
early learned to reprobate the spirit of the times and scorned any con- 
cessions to popular clamor. His unflinching determination in pursuing 
a straightforward course made it out of the question for him to bend and 
go with the current and to follow what in the light of a century’s history 
we must regard as a logically necessary development. Such a change in 
his views he himself would have regarded as unethical. It was psycho- 
logically impossible for him to change his tack with the shifting of the 
winds. He preferred to sail in the teeth of a high breeze. Naturally, he 
encountered strong cross currents. 

As we have noted, he was concerned only about positive evangelical 
Christianity. His interest centered in fervent piety and practical benevol- 
ence, and his chief talent was executive. It was not to be expected, there- 
fore, that he would take a prominent part in the confessional development. 


122 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


Accustomed to lead from his early youth he continued to be a good leader 
so long as he could maintain his leadership. By the same token he was a 
poor follower, temperamentally unable to adapt himself 

and his views to the trend of the times. Over and over Always the 
again, in writings that belong to all parts of his long Same 
career, we find him expressing precisely the same views 

that we have found him expressing in the twenties. 

Such being the case, the actual course of events in the Church after 
about 1845 brought Dr. Schmucker into a new light. In this his Seminary 
was also to a certain extent involved. With the growth 
of confessional elements in the General Synod it was Appears ina 
felt by many that the doctrinal basis of that body, as New Light 
implied in its model constitution for district synods, 
was too indefinite. What is meant by “fundamental doctrines of 
the Word of God”? What is meant by “substantially correct”? What is 
meant by “the Doctrinal Articles of the Augsburg Confession”? Efforts 
were made at more precise definition. In this effort two distinct parties 
were developed and violent controversy raged for many years. The one 
party was called “American Lutherans,” the other “Old Lutherans.” Dr. 
Schmucker was the chief leader of the “American Lutherans.” 

The position of the “American Lutherans” was that personal piety and 
evangelistic methods are the chief things. They deprecated denominational 
exclusiveness and minimized the importance of confes- 


sional subscription. They stoutly maintained Schmuck- Leader of 
er’s old distinction between the fundamental and non- “American 
fundamental doctrines of the Word of God, and they Lutherans” 


were prepared to show in detail that on non-fundamental 
doctrines the Augsburg Confession does contain positive errors. They 
also emphasized Americanism. They were strongly repelled by the sharp 
polemics of the Missouri, Iowa and Buffalo Synods. Their contact with 
the anti-religious element among the German immigrants, particularly those 
who came in the revolutionary periods, persuaded them that a Lutheranism 
imported from Germany needed to be strongly modified by home-made 
practices and creeds before it could be expected to flourish in America. 
These views are precisely the views of Schmucker during the first ten 
years of his ministry, except that they are now not merely implicit but 
explicit. They are now no longer set in antithesis to unionism and ration- 
alism and irreligion but in antithesis to symbolism and formalism and dead 
orthodoxy. Some of Schmucker’s most vigorous writings belong to this 
controversial period. Such are his “Religion of Forms and of the Spirit,” 
“The Lutheran Manual on Scriptural Principles,” “Vindication of Ameri- 
can Lutheranism,” and “The New Theology Examined.” 

But the party of “Old Lutherans” grew steadily stronger. They took 


123 


HISTORY? OF GED YSBURG .or MIN, 


ean aggressive attitude. The Lutheran confessions were translated and 
circulated and studied. Papers and magazines were established to feed 
the appetite for positive Lutheranism. Before 1850 the 


Loses Leader- conservative party was clearly in a majority in the Gen- 
ship in General eral Synod. This only stirred the other party to greater 
Synod zeal. Answering the demand for greater definiteness as 


to the doctrinal basis of the General Synod the “Ameri- 
can Lutherans” tried repeatedly to prepare an abstract of the 
doctrines and practices of the Church that might prove acceptable and 
correct misrepresentations. One of these efforts was made at the meeting 
of the General Synod in 1850. A committee was appointed with Dr. 
Schmucker as chairman to frame “a clear and concise view of the doc- 
trines and practices of the American Lutheran Church.” The report of 
the committee presented a modified or “American Lutheranism” and omit- 
ted all distinctive Lutheran teachings. The report was decisively rejected 
by the General Synod, and it was clear that the General Synod no longer 
followed Dr. Schmucker’s lead. That was because the General Synod had 
changed. / 
Meanwhile the Lutheran Church in general had continued to move in 
the direction of a stricter confessional basis. The old Pennsylvania Minis- 
terium had made rapid confessional strides in a single 
The Definite decade and had now come to “acknowledge the collec- 
Platform tive body of symbolical books as the historico-confes- 
sional writings of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.” In 
1853 this body, after an absence of thirty years from the General Synod, ap- 
plied for readmission to that body and was received. At the same time several 
other conservative synods came in. The advocates of “American Luther- 
anism” now made their last stand against the changing spirit of the Church. 
They made another effort to standardize the interpretation of the General 
Synod’s doctrinal basis. This was a document that came from Dr. 
Schmucker’s pen, though it was published and circulated anonymously. It 
was called the “Definite Synodical Platform” and appeared in 1855. It 
was a revision of the Augsburg Confession, and the synods were urged to 
adopt it as their confessional basis. It claimed to find a number of errors 
in the Augsburg Confession, and these it specified as follows: the approval 
of the mass, private confession and absolution, denial of the divine obliga- 
tion of the Sabbath, baptismal regeneration, and the real presence of 
Christ’s body and blood in the Lord’s Supper. The articles containing 
these “errors” were either to be modified or omitted. The “definite plat- 
form” claimed to be in accord with the General Synod’s basis because it 
did not omit any “fundamental doctrine of Scripture.” 
This document was decisively rejected almost everywhere. It was the 
greatest tactical blunder Dr. Schmucker ever made. The total effect of 


124 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


its appearance was greatly to stimulate the reaction towards the Lutheran 
Confessions. “American Lutheranism” was thus definitely defeated, and 
after the incident of the “definite platform” the influ- 

- ence of its advocates waned rapidly. It was clear that The Platform 
the Lutheran Church could not be turned back to the Rejected 
days of 1820 or 1829. 

In the literary deposit of this controvery over the confessional changes 
in the Church we have the fullest and clearest expression of Schmucker’s 
theological position on individual doctrines.. The mate- 
rials are found in the columns of the Lutheran Observer, Some of His 
the pages of the Evangelical Review, special volumes, Views 
and occasional discourses. In the main his doctrinal 
teachings are those that he had set forth already in 1834 in the first 
of the nine editions of his “Elements of Popular Theology.” Only now 
they are more explicitly avowed as his own and more sharply defined. On 
the Lord’s Supper he declares that “there is no real or actual presence of 
the glorified human nature of the Saviour, either substantial or influential, 
nor anything mysterious or super-natural in the Eucharist.” (Popular 
Theology, fifth edition, page 303), (Lutheran Church in America, page 
153). This view, which is really lower than the Zwinglian, had been 
held by practically all the theologians of America, Lutheran and Reformed, 
until nearly the middle of the century. On the doctrines of original sin 
and the freedom of the will his views were distinctly Pelagianizing, and 
this influenced somewhat his positions on regeneration and _ sanctification. 
As to the Person of Christ he virtually abandoned the Lutheran doctrine 
of communicatio idiomatum by the superficial interpretation that ‘the 
Divinity was conceived and brought forth by the frail mortal, the Virgin 
Mary.” Schmucker would have denied very stoutly the presence of even 
the slightest rationalistic influence in his theology, but today it is easy to 
see that it was there, a lingering taint of the transition times in which he 
had been educated. 

The new light in which Dr. Schmucker was placed by the swift doctrinal 
changes in the Church reflected somewhat on the institution of which he 
was the head. While his colleagues in the faculty did 
not share his views, yet he continued to be the most in- Effect on the 
fluential professor and the Seminary at Gettysburg to- _ Seminary 
gether with its daughter institution, the Seminary at 
Springfield, Ohio, under the presidency of Dr. Sprecher, a pupil and 
brother-in-law of Dr. Schmucker, were known as the chief training camps 
for “American Lutherans.” Those who were concerned about fostering 
confessional Lutheranism began to hope that the conservative elements 
at Gettysburg would overshadow Dr. Schmucker and some began to speak 
of establishing a new Seminary. In 1849 The Evangelical Review was 


25 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


established at Gettysburg as the organ of the conservative wing in the 
General Synod and in 1851 Dr. Krauth, Sr., a colleague of Dr. Schmucker, 
became its editor. The students and alumni were divided, some adhering 
to the positions of Dr. Schmucker, others following the line of develop- 
ment towards higher confessional ground. Notable among the latter were 
Charlies Porterfield Krauth and Beale M. Schmucker, both of them sons of 
the Gettysburg professors. 
The gain was constantly upon; the conservative side. In 1856 Dr. C. F. 
Schaeffer, by nomination of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, began his work 
as professor in the College and Seminary at Gettysburg. 
Schmucker Dr. Schaeffer was a brother-in-law of Dr. Schmucker 
Resigns but he took advanced confessional ground and his the- 
ological position on the points in controversy was di- 
rectly antagonistic to that of the head professor, though personalities were 
carefully excluded from the Seminary. Then, as Dr. Schmucker con- 
tinued to defend his positions, impeachment proceedings were begun against 
him in the Board of Directors. These proceedings were arrested by the 
intervention of the younger Krauth. But it was clear now that neither 
the Board of Directors, nor the Faculty, nor the students and alumni of 
the Seminary would any longer follow the lead of the worthy founder of 
the institution. The realization of this brought from Dr. Schmucker his 
resignation as professor when he was only sixty-five years old. Coin- 
cident with his resignation the General Synod suffered a very serious 
breach in its ranks and a rival seminary was established in Philadelphia. 
When Dr. Schmucker resigned his post, at the Seminary he took partic- 
ular pains to make clear that he had been faithful to his professorial oath 
as taken in 1826 and that his theological position had 
His Theology not changed. Vindicating his straightforward conduct, 
Unchanged he says in his letter of resignation: “The Constitution 
of the Seminary, which was adopted at the commence- 
ment of the Institution, has continued to direct all its operations till this 
day. All its provisions have been carefully attended to. Its doctrinal 
tests have been stated repeatedly before the Board by all the professors, 
and I am happy here to record the declaration that I approve of them all 
at present, as when I framed and first took them. The text book, viz., my 
Popular Theology, which grew out of my lectures on dogmatics during 
the first few years, has been retained till this day as the basis of my in- 
structions, without the change of a single doctrine; and I record the addi- 
tional declaration, that I this day cordially believe every doctrine taught 
in the entire volume. These facts I state in justice to the Institution and 
myself, and in view of the future history of the Institution and the 
Church.” In this statement Dr. Schmucker was not only profoundly sin- 
cere but also, as we have seen, altogether truthful. 


126 


THE CHIEF FOUNDER 


But during the thirty-eight years of Dr. Schmucker’s administration at 
the Seminary the situation in the Lutheran Church at large had changed 
enormously. These changes applied not only to the con- 
fessional position of the Church but even more to her Great Change 
size and constituency. In 1826 there were about 40,000 in Conditions 
members of Lutheran churches in America. In 1864 
the number was about 300,000. During that period the number of pastors 
had increased from about 180 to more than 1,600. The number of synods 
in 1826 was seven while in 1864 there were 27 synods in the General Synod 
alone. There was much greater divergence in language and _ national 
origins. The day had long passed when one seminary could meet the 
needs of the Lutheran Church in America and in 1864 there were eight 
Lutheran seminaries and five Lutheran colleges in the land. From the 
nature of the case this meant a decline in the relative influence of the 
Gettysburg Seminary and a decline from the solitary leadership of its 
founder in the Church as a whole. 

Psychologically also, Dr. Schmucker’s changing relation to the Church 
may be explained. Having assumed such serious responsibilities and such 
high positions of leadership while as yet barely out of 
his teens, and having crowded such a great variety of Schmucker 
activities into his life without relaxation or vacations, it Inflexible 
is comprehensible that he should pass his prime and 
cease to be flexible at a somewhat earlier age than most men. Moreover, 
with the swiftly changing size and temper of the Church to which he be- 
longed, it was not to be expected that his sole leadership would remain 
unchallenged through the entire half-century of his active career. 

For more than a quarter of a century the chief founder of the Gettys- 
burg Seminary was the undisputed leader in the Church, and for twenty 
years more he served his beloved Zion in many capaci- 
ties. His multiform services during that period make - A General 
him easily the outstanding Lutheran of our country in Estimate 
his generation and he was more widely known outside 
the pale of the Lutheran Church than any other person inside it. To this 
day he ranks with Muhlenberg and Walther and Krauth in the quartet 
of the most eminent personalities produced by the Lutheran Church in 
America. 


127 


CHAP EER Ix 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY, 1826-1846 


We have seen how humbly the Seminary began in September, 1826. It 
had no buildings or other property. It had less than $1,700 in cash. It 
began with only one professor and eight students. There 
Humble was indeed a worthy nucleus of a library. But the chief 
Beginnings assets of the infant institution must be found in the 
ability and zeal of its lone professor and in the loy- 
alty and enthusiasm of its many friends. These spiritual resources .were 
fountains of immeasurable wealth to the new Seminary, and under the bless- 
ing of God they soon lifted the little school of the prophets to a position of 
great influence and usefulness in the Church. 
A few months after the Professor had been installed 
Incorporation he proceeded on the authority of the Board of Directors 
to secure articles of incorporation from the Legislature 
of Pennsylvania. In addition to the usual specifications of such articles the 
act designated as the official title of the institution “The Theological Sem- 
inary of the General Synod of the 
Evangelical Lutheran Church in 
the United States,” and stipulated 
that the corporation should be man- 
aged by a Board of Directors 
elected by the several contributing 
synods of the General Synod, no 
synod to have less than five nor 
more than fourteen representatives 
on the Board and the yearly in- 
come of the institution never to 
exceed six thousand dollars. Under 
this act the Board of Directors organized in May, 1827, and the Seminary 
became a legal corporation. The infant institution thus formally registered 
its intention of becoming an abiding citizen in the commonwealth of Ameri- 
can institutions. 
Meanwhile also steps had been taken to introduce the new institution to 
the general public. Advance announcements of the in- 
Measures for stallation of the Professor and the beginning of the 
Publicity Seminary had been circulated widely during the summer 
of 1826 through paid advertisements in city and rural 
newspapers. Immediately after the inauguration exercises in September, 


128 





THE CRADLE OF THE SEMINARY 


PROM AINFANCY, TO MATURITY 


1826, the Board of Directors had taken further measures for adequate pub- 
licity. The inaugural addresses, together with a brief account of the 
origin of the Seminary, were published in the Lutheran Intelligencer, the 
only Lutheran magazine in English at that time. These documents were 
also issued in pamphlet form. Thirty-five hundred copies of them, some in 
English and some in German, were published and distributed among the 
Lutheran synods from New York to Georgia. The impression made on the 
Church was at once deep and favorable, and encouraging promises of sup- 
port began to come in from various quarters. Several hundred copies of 
the pamphlet were distributed also outside of Lutheran ranks and many 
felicitations from men of other communions were extended. The hearty 
response that came from people far beyond the ranks of the General Synod 
itself was profoundly gratifying to the founders of the infant institution 
and served to allay the lurking apprehensions of some of the members of 
the Board concerning the success of the undertaking. 

While the soil was thus being prepared for a favorable reception to the 
soliciting agents of the Seminary among the Lutherans 
of America, encouraging reports were also coming from Kurtz Leaves 
the General Synod’s commissioner to Europe. This was for Europe 
Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, of Hagerstown. He had left 
his congregations in charge of J. F. Ruthrauff and Jacob Medtart 
and had sailed for Europe on April 1, 1826, 
shortly after the first meeting of the Board 
of Directors and before the institution itself 
had begun. He was equipped with ample testi-" 
monials from the president and secretary of 
the General Synod and with glowing creden- 
tials from the most prominent men in the 
Lutheran Church and from such high officials 
of State as Senator Henry Clay, Governor 
John Andrew Schulze of Pennsylvania, Secre- 
tary of State James Trimble, of Pennsylvania; 
Judge Bucher, of Harrisburg, and the Honor- 
able John Gill, of Baltimore. His commission 
was to solicit funds and books for the Gettys- 
burg Seminary. 

The idea of sending an agent to Europe was probably suggested by the 
very gratifying success that had attended similar enterprises on the part of 
the Roman Catholics and the German Reformed. In 1820 
Bishop Dubourg, of Louisiana, had sent Abbot Inglesi The Example 
to Italy to canvass on behalf of missionary institutions of Others 
in his diocese. His receipts totaled more than $30,000. 

Then in May, 1825, as the German Reformed were about to es- 
tablish their theological seminary at Carlisle under Professor Lewis Maier, 


129 





BENJAMIN KuwurRTZ 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


they had sent one of their pastors, Rev. James R. Reily, to solicit funds in 
Holland, Switzerland, the Rhine Valley and North Germany. Reily was 
at that time a neighbor of Dr. Kurtz in Hagerstown. His trip to Europe 
had also proved successful. With a larger field in Europe from which to 
solicit aid, it was only natural that the General Synod of the Lutheran 
Church should follow the example of their Reformed neighbors and dis- 
patch a messenger across the Atlantic. Dr. Kurtz had been an able second 
to Dr. Schmucker in bringing the Seminary project to realization, and he 
was well qualified for the European mission. 

In London Dr. Kurtz was kindly received by Dr. 


me eeea Steinkopf, pastor of the (Savoy) German Lutheran 
ort Crm airy, congregation there. A donation of $75 was made to the 
and Denmark Seminary by the London congregation and_ several 


smaller contributions were received from individuals. But government off- 
cials in London did not look favorably upon Dr. Kurtz’s work of solicita- 
tion for the American institution, and he soon departed for the continent, 
which was to be the chief field of his quest. First he visited the cities of 
Northern Germany: Hamburg, Bremen, Lubeck and Kiel. The newspapers 
announced his arrival and his mission. The ministers opened their pulpits 
to him and the congregations made liberal contributions. At the University 
of Kiel the students made up a purse for the new Seminary. So cordial 
was the response to Dr. Kurtz’s appeal that the Board of Directors in 
session at Gettysburg in September requested him not to return that fall, as 
he had planned, but to extend his journey even to Denmark and Sweden 
if expedient. This he did. At Copenhagen the king and queen granted 
him an audience, made a contribution to the Seminary, and ordered col- 
lections to be received in the churches. In Sweden also he was well re- 
ceived. In the Lutheran cities of Russia, such as Riga and Dorpat, and 
even in St. Petersburg substantial contributions were made. 
Dr. Kurtz reached Berlin shortly after Christmas 
In Berlin and there he spent nearly two months. Dr. Neander, the 
celebrated church historian, took great interest in his 
project and helped to enlist the support of a large number of influential men 
both in civil and ecclesiastical circles of Berlin. Organizations were formed 
among women to prepare articles of needlework to be sold for the benefit 
of the Lutheran Seminary in America. During Kurtz’s stay in Berlin 
$2,000 was dispatched to Gettysburg. ; 
Meanwhile the ground had been prepared for further 
German solicitation in Germany. Dr. A. D. C. Twesten, a young 
Publicity professor of theology at Kiel University, had written 
a pamphlet of seventy-two pages introducing Dr. Kurtz 
to the Lutherans of Germany and setting forth the claims of the American 
Lutheran Church and in particular the need for the Gettysburg Seminary. 
The pamphlet was entitled: “Information Respecting the Contemplated 


130 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


Theological Seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, to be Erected 
at Gettysburg, Pa., North American Free States, Together with a Trans- 
lation of the Statutes of the Seminary. By Dr. A. D. C. Twesten, Pro- 
fessor of Theology and Philosophy in the University of Kiel.” Twesten 
based his arguments upon the German character of the new Seminary. He 
maintained that without German theological seminaries or other German 
institutions of higher learning the German language could not be maintained 
in America and if that language should die out the Lutheran Church would 
perish. Dr. Twesten also published the entire constitution of the Seminary 
in his pamphlet and then apologized for what he called “the anxious ad- 
herence to the doctrines of the Augsburg Confession.” But the pamphlet 
was widely circulated and was a great help to Kurtz in advocating his 
mission. 

Another pamphlet, composite in authorship, but edited by Dr. de Wette, 
of Basel, and containing forty pages, was published in Berlin and this also 
served to plead the cause of the Seminary before the Lutheran churches of 
Germany. This extensive advertising, together with the publicity received 
through the Church papers and through royal patronage, paved the way 
for a successful mission. 

In the Luther town of Wittenberg the representative of Gettysburg 
received one hundred dollars. In the Moravian settlement at Herrnhut also 
a considerable sum was placed in his hands. In Leipsic 
Professor Tzschirner championed his mission. At Halle In Central 
it was Chancellor Niemeyer. Everywhere his letters of Germany 
introduction gained him ready access to influential men. 

The commissioner to Germany was not entirely without opposition there. 
A writer who styled himself “An American Citizen” published an article 
in the public press of Berlin strongly urging the Luth- 
erans to make no contributions to the funds of the Some 
new Seminary. He argued that the project was meet- Opposition 
ing with widespread opposition among the Lutherans of 
America, else they could easily endow the institution without appealing to 
Europeans. He also claimed that the new institution would do nothing to 
maintain the German language and German thought in America. To this 
Dr. Kurtz made satisfactory reply in a series of articles published in a 
Leipsic paper. The success of his mission continued unabated. 

Dr. Kurtz visited practically every part of Germany and preached in 
every considerable Lutheran city. He was an eloquent preacher and pre- 
sented his cause with great skill. His representations 
concerning America in general and concerning the Kurtz Well 
American Church in particular aroused deep interest. No Received 
private citizen could have received more courteous treat- 
ment. His presence was courted by widely different circles. He was welcomed 


131 


HISTORY QE GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


into the homes of the nobility and into the palaces of royalty. The letters 
that he sent for publication in The Lutheran Intelligencer afford many in- 
teresting sidelights on the conditions of the day. His preaching was at- 
tended by multitudes, sometimes as many as five thousand. At Dresden 
he had a conference with Pastor Martin Stephan, of St. John’s Lutheran 
Church in Pirna, one of the suburbs of Dresden. This Stephan ten years 
later became the leader of the Saxon emigrants to Perry County, Missouri, 
where they became the first nucleus of the Missouri Synod. Stephan at 
first thought of going to Australia, but his conference and subsequent cor- 
respondence with Dr. Kurtz directed his thoughts to North America. When 
he was minded to lead his colony to Virginia, Dr. Kurtz dissuaded him 
from it because Virginia was a slave state. It would be interesting to spec- 
ulate how very different might have been the developments at Gettysburg 
and the history of the American Lutheran Church in general if those whom 
we now know as “Missouri Lutherans” had centered in the same part of 
the country as Kurtz and Schmucker. 
Altogether Dr. Kurtz spent twenty-two months on 
Funds Received his European mission. Returning to America in Jan- 
uary, 1828, he was able to report that $12,000 had been 
subscribed and of this amount $10,000 was collected. Judged by the stand- 
ards of those days, this was a very substantial sum. 
Even more important than the generous sum of 
Books for the money was the handsome collection of books for the 
Library Seminary Library. Five thousand volumes Dr. Kurtz 
had secured and brought with him, though not all of 
them were of much value to theological students and professors of that 
period. This together with the thousand or more volumes which Dr. 
Schmucker had gathered in America made the library at Gettysburg the 
largest of all the theological seminary libraries in this country at that 
time. It embraced a fine collection of works in the Latin and Greek 
classics and a few authors in French. More of the books were in Eng- 
lish, particularly those gathered by Dr. Schmucker. But the great major- 
ity of the collection was in the German language. The books covered 
chiefly the subjects of homiletics, exegesis and systematic theology. 
These donations were highly prized by the founders 
Americans of the Seminary. They were valued not only for their 
Grateful intrinsic worth to the infant institution but also for 
their concrete expression of sympathy and co-operation 
on the part of the brethren in the home of Lutheran learning. The Luth- 
erans of America were properly grateful for these benefactions on the part 
of their brethren in the Fatherland. The General Synod in 1827 appointed 
a special committee, with Dr. Schmucker as chairman, to address a letter 
of thanks to the brethren in Europe “for the distinguished liberality which 
they have evinced in behalf of our Theological Seminary and the affection 


132 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


which they have displayed towards the Lutheran Church in the United 
States.” The Seminary Board expressed its gratitude by resolving to give 
particular attention to the German language in the curriculum of the insti- 
tution. 

Besides the direct proceeds of Dr. Kurtz’s European trip there were also 
several valuable by-products. The Church in America renewed its acquain- 
tance with the Church in Germany. The bonds of 
brotherly love were re-established. The correspondence Other Results 
with the European fathers that had flourished so vigor- of Kurtz’s Trip 
ously in the days of Muhlenberg and Helmuth and 
Schmidt was restored, though now it was the correspondence of brethren 
with one another rather than that of children with the fathers. The General 
Synod appointed its well-known Standing Committee on Foreign Corres- 
pondence and for a long time an epistolary fellowship was cultivated. For a 
few years the Seminary at Gettysburg reaped some benefits from this condi- 
tion. In 1829 Dr. Kurtz could write: ‘Nearly every arrival from Amster- 
dam, Bremen and Hamburg, at the port of Baltimore, affords us most 
joyful proof of the continuance of their liberality.” Several hundreds of 
dollars and perhaps a thousand additional books came in this way. But this 
stream of benevolence soon dried up, and from the beginning it was evident 
that the chief source of support for the Seminary must be found among 
the Lutherans of America. 

The Lutherans of America were fully alive to their responsibility for 
the new-born Seminary. The founders of the institution, as we have seen, 
did not limit themselves to the General Synod for their 
constituency, but regarded the entire country as a field General Favor 
from which to solicit support, and the support that the in America 
school actually received during these early years, in funds 
and in students, came from all sections of the Church. The large and in- 
fluential Ministerium of Pennsylvania, though not a member of the Gen- 
eral Synod at that time, did not withhold its interest and co-operation. 
Some of the congregations absolutely refused to co-operate and a few of 
the strong personalities actually opposed the new school. This was because 
of its location, because it was not exclusively German, and because of the 
youth and educational background of its professor. But the opposition in 
the old Ministerium was by no means general. The Professor-elect had 
been cordially received when he made his collecting tour east of the Sus- 
quehanna in the summer of 1826, and his experience in this respect was 
repeated several times during the next decade. So that Dr. Schmucker 
writing in 1841 about the General Synod and its work in establishing a 
Seminary could say: “Much might be said of the honorable manner in 
which the greater part of the brethren and churches in East Pennsylvania 
and elsewhere, whilst yielding to the prejudices of the weaker members [in 
withdrawing from the General Synod], yet continued to afford their sub- 


133 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


stantial and increasing aid to every good work undertaken by this Synod, 
so that much credit for what has been achieved is justly due to their co- 
operation.” 
The first problem of the new institution after its birth was to secure 
the necessaries of life in the form of further funds. Many hands were 
applied to the task. In addition to the territorial agents 
Solicitors in appointed by the General Synod in 1825, the Board of 
the Field Directors at their meeting in September, 1826, appointed 
two men as “general solicitors for the Seminary.” 
These were Rev. John Herbst, of Gettysburg, and Rev. Benjamin Keller, 
of Carlisle. The next year Rev. Daniel J. Hauer was appointed. From 
time to time others were appointed as official representatives of the Board 
to canvass designated sections of the Church. Such were the venerable 
J. F. Ruthrauff, of Greencastle, and his son, Frederick; Rev. Charles G. 
Weyl, of the class that entered in 1827; Mr. N. R. Sharretts, of the pre- 
ceding class; Mr. Witmer, for Adams County; Mr. Samuel H. Buehler, 
for Gettysburg; Revs. D. F. Schaeffer, Abraham Reck and J. Scherer, for 
sections in the South, and Messrs. Ulrich, Ernst, Goertner, Hartman, Koh- 
ler, Weiser, Heilig, Young and Hoffman, for various other sections. 
Some of these agents were very successful. For example, Mr. Weyl, who 
canvassed chiefly in Lancaster County, could report after six months of 
work that he had collected over six thousand dollars in cash and sub- 
scriptions. The agency of Rev. William Heilig in eastern Pennsylvania 
in 1840 and 1841 was also successful. _Rev. Dr. J. G. Schmucker, presi- 
dent of the Board, was very zealous on behalf of the Seminary and gath- 
ered considerable sums in York and vicinity. Other solicitors were not so 
successful. The subscriptions they secured were small and often hard to 
collect, and in a few cases it was difficult and even impossible for the treas- 
urer of the Seminary to secure the funds actually paid into the hands of 
the agents. But at least their efforts had the effect of making the Sem- 
inary known in the Church. 
The friends of the Seminary, particularly the mem- 
Directors and bers of the Board of Directors, used every possible 
Students Help opportunity to urge the support of the institution upon 
the people of the Church. The pages of the Lutheran 
Intelligencer and afterwards the Lutheran Observer presented frequent 
appeals on behalf of the new school. The students at the Seminary also 
manifested praiseworthy zeal on behalf of their institution and many of 
them as they went on their vacations carried credentials as collectors and 
helped to increase the funds of the Seminary. Repeatedly the thanks of 
the Board were extended to them for their volunteer services along these 
lines. They were particularly active in trying to sell the folio engravings 
of Luther of which Dr. Kurtz had received three thousand copies while 


134 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


he was in Europe. Later on, large photogravures of scenes from the 
Reformation were sold in this same way. 

Naturally the chief work in securing the funds necessary to maintain 
and develop the Seminary devolved on Dr. Schmucker. We have seen that 
even before the Seminary had opened he spent the 
summer of 1826 canvassing various congregations for Schmucker the 
funds. Despite his meager salary as professor, he Chief Agent 
himself set a good example of liberality in 1828 
by contributing one thousand dollars, to be paid in ten annual installments, 
to endow a scholarship for indigent students. Members of the Board of 
Directors made generous donations from their own funds and secured con- 
tributions from the members of their churches. Much of his time in the 
interims between the sessions of the school Dr. Schmucker spent on col- 
lecting tours. He solicited for three accounts: endowment, current ex- 
penses, and support of students (7. ¢., scholarship funds). He did most of 
this work in the.large cities, Philadelphia, New York and Baltimore. Sevy- 
eral times he went as far as Boston. Everywhere he met with gratifying 
success. 

Dr. Schmucker’s chief appeal was directed, as a matter of course, to 
members of the Lutheran Church and he writes concerning them: “I found 
them to be wealthy, liberal and generous people.” His 
success was due in no small measure to the hearty co- Funds from 
operation of the local Lutheran pastors. But he had Non-Lutherans 
extensive acquaintance also with influential pastors of 
other denominations and thus secured entré for his appeal to many individ- 
uals and congregations not Lutheran. When the Seminary was ten years old 
Dr. Schmucker at the request of the Directors made a special effort to secure 
funds to liquidate the debt on the building and to endow the second pro- 
fessorship. He spent more than three months in the field soliciting sub- 
scriptions. Nearly all of the time was spent in Philadelphia, New York 
and Boston. He was able to report subscriptions aggregating nearly 
$14,000. Of this amount about $10,000 was afterwards collected. Much 
of this came from wealthy Presbyterian and Congregational churches. Dr. 
Schmucker had influential friends in New England. In Boston alone, where 
there was practically no Lutheran constituency, one-fourth of the $10,000 
was collected. In New York City the amount collected was $5,445, and 
Dr. Schmucker expressly stated in his report that all of this was obtained 
in the churches of the New School Presbyterians. Moreover, Dr. 
Schmucker was well known as an active participant in the great national 
organizations of religious and benevolent character, and so he was able to 
secure funds from the American Education Society for the support of 
beneficiary students at Gettysburg. Among the earliest contributions from 
any source was a fund of fifty dollars that had been gathered among the 
Moravians of North Carolina. Altogether, the direct appeals of Dr. 


135 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Schmucker brought to the young institution something over thirty thousand 
dollars in the first twenty years. 
The cause was also kept prominently before the eyes 
Before the . of the district synods and the General Synod. Reports 
Synods of the Seminary’s status were received with: enthusiasm 
and embodied in the minutes, offerings were often re- 
ceived on the floor of the synods, and as early as 1840 some of the synods 
resolved to pay from their synodical treasuries a sum equal to an average 
of five dollars for each pastor in the synod. The chief agents in main- 
taining this touch between the Seminary and the synods were the members 
of the Seminary Board. 
When the Seminary was only two years old it began to receive help also 
from societies of beneficiary education. In 1828 the Maryland Synod or- 
ganized “The Parent Domestic Missionary and Educa- 


Education tion Society.” One of the explicit objects of the Society 
Societies was “to assist pious indigent students for the minis- 
try.” The parent society had auxiliary societies in 


the larger congregations of the synod. The ladies of the congregation 
organized “Female Education Societies” and manifested great zeal in pre- 
paring articles of needlework to be sold for the benefit of the organization. 
In 1832 the synodical society sent to Dr. Schmucker funds for the aid of 
four students in the Seminary. Two years later the missionary idea was 
dropped from the title. Sometimes the funds were supplemented from the 
synod’s own treasury. Other synods took up the plan and organized educa- 
tion societies. At York in 1835 members of the General Synod itself 
organized the “Parent Education Society of the Evangelical Lutheran 
Church.” The synodical societies then became “branches” of this general 
society. During the first biennium the Parent Education Society sent more 
than four thousand dollars to Gettysburg to be distributed among forty-one 
students, and before the Seminary was twenty years old the biennial re- 
ceipts of the Society approached seven thousand dollars. Here, again, the 
students of the Seminary co-operated, and one of them, William A. Passa- 
vant, began in 1841 the publication of The Lutheran Almanac, with the 
stipulation that any profits arising from the enterprise should go to the 
Parent Education Society. Dr. Schmucker’s influence in the American 
Education Society also secured considerable help for Gettysburg students 
from that source. All this helped very materially to promote the growth 
of the young institution. 
Bequests and legacies also began to accrue already in those early years. 
A bequest of $500 was received in 1833 from a Mr. Sholl, of Frederick. 
Ten years later about $2000 was received from the estate 
Special Gifts of William Steenberger, of Shenandoah County, Vir- 
ginia, the father-in-law of Professor Schmucker. <A 
little later a legacy of $500 was received from the estate of Mr. 
136 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


Isaac Baugher, of Emmitsburg, Maryland, who had been a prominent lay 
member of the Board; also a bequest of $550 from a Mr. Weibel of Gettys- 
burg and one of $100 from Mr. A. Weaver of Leetown, Jefferson County, 
Va. A bequest of an indefinite amount from a Mr. Schroeder of Hamburg 
was announced, but the money was never received by the Gettysburg Semi- 
nary. Several small amounts were received from the Streit legacy in Ger- 
many through the district synods in America. When the Seminary was only 
one year old the Board of Directors was delighted with a gift made by Rev. 
Gottlieb Shober of North Carolina. The gift consisted of 2434 acres of 
land, partly improved, on the Yadkin River in North Carolina. For some 
years lively hopes were entertained concerning the income of these lands, but 
after dragging over three decades the negotiations resulted in the final sale 
of the property in 1856 at a net gain to the Seminary of precisely $688.89. 

Towards the close of the period that we are now re- 


be ae f ee RNIN. : Alumni 

viewing, the alumni of the institution were organized Oe. 

: ee : Association 

into an association and began to put forth efforts to in- i 
Contributes 


crease the funds of the school. By the year 1846 these 
efforts had secured subscriptions of about $3000 for current expenses and 
about four times that amount for endowment. 

In these various ways the Seminary was nurtured in its infancy and 
enabled to grow to maturity. Altogether, during the first twenty years 
of its life, the institution received from all sources 
more than $65,000. Of this amount about one- Summary of 
third was expended for professors’ salaries and Funds 
other current expenses, about one-third for land 
and buildings, and about one-third was invested as productive endowment. 

But, of course, the recognized needs of the institution always kept ahead 
of the income. So there was that constant stretching towards higher levels, 
in standards and equipment, that always marks a normal 
growth from infancy to maturity. For during these two General 
decades property was purchased and paid for, substan- Progress 
tial and creditable buildings were erected, a second 
professor was added to the faculty, and the institution had gradually but 
surely passed beyond the age of infancy. 

As early as 1828, when the Seminary was only a year and a half old, 
the need for a second professor was expressed. The number of students 
had increased from eight to twenty-three. The hours 


and the subjects assigned to Dr. Schmucker were so A Second 
many as to threaten his health. He needed more time Professor 
for study and more time to prosecute the general in- Needed 


terests of the institution. Most of the other seminaries in 

the United States had two professors, a few, like Princeton and Yale had 
three, and Andover had even four. So the Gettysburg Board, in May, 1828, 
resolved to “use all possible exertions in collecting the monies due the Sem- 


137. 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


inary and to obtain additional subscriptions for the purpose of enabling them 
to call a second professor so soon as practicable.” Dr. Schmucker was re- 
quested to make a special appeal to the Church for this purpose. ‘The 
synods, at their fall meetings, endorsed the project. An effort was made to 
secure one hundred subscriptions of one hundred dollars each. A number 
of laymen joined the ministers in furthering this plan. One of these sub- 
scribers of one hundred dollars was Thaddeus Stevens. During the sum- 
mer of 1829 a vigorous effort to complete the fund was made by Dr. 
Schmucker and the members of the Board, and by their general agents over 
the field. By October of that year the fund was sufficient to justify the 
Board in announcing that the second professor would be elected in 

May, 1830. 
The purpose of the fund was sometimes stated “to call a second pro- 
fessor from Germany.” It was the original intention of the Board to 
secure some talented teacher from Germany to fill their 


A Professor second professorship. This, it was felt, would not only 
from Germany raise the scholastic standing of the institution, but would 
Considered also discharge the moral obligation owing to the many 


patrons the Seminary had found in Germany. But this 
purpose was relinquished because of the objections raised by some of the 
ministers in the Pennsylvania Synod who felt an “apprehension that a 
European could not so well accommodate himself to the peculiar views and 
situation of our ecclesiastical and civil institutions.” 
The second professor was not called directly from Germany, but he did 
satisfy the demand for increasing emphasis on German instruction. He was 
Ernst Lewis Hazelius. He was well known in the 
Hazelius Church, having been professor in Hartwick Seminary 
Comes for fifteen years. He was born in Germany and had 
come to America when he was twenty-three years old. 
For some years he had taught for the Moravians at Nazareth, Pennsyl- 
vania. Then he was ordained a Lutheran minister and after a short pas- 
torate at New Germantown, New Jersey, had gone to Hartwick as Pro- 
fessor of Christian Theology and Principal of the Classical Department. 
At Gettysburg he was designated “Professor of Biblical and Oriental Lit- 
erature and of German Language.” His coming to Gettysburg was not the 
first introduction of German into the Seminary. Dr. Schmucker had been 
teaching the language from the beginning, and had been conducting some 
of his theological courses in German. All students were required to study 
the language and of those who had graduated before 1830 all but two were 
using it regularly in their ministrations. The coming of Hazelius permitted 
more attention to the German branches and more intensive cultivation of 
the students who used German exclusively. At the same time it released 


138 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


Dr. Schmucker for more work in the general interest of the Seminary, and 
the results of this soon became manifest. 

Dr. Hazelius was inaugurated on September 29, 1830. In his inaugural 
address he sketched the history of the early Lutheran settlements in America. 
The address was afterwards greatly expanded and pub- 
lished in 1846 as “The History of the American Luth-  Hazelius’ Work 
eran Church.” For his work in the class-room he was and Resignation 
assigned German, Hebrew, Greek, Old Testament and 
New Testament exegesis, and Church history. In addition to these assign- 
ments he taught Jewish antiquities, sacred geography and Biblical chro- 
nology. He was also appointed librarian. But Dr. Hazelius did not stay 
long at Gettysburg. In 1833, when the infant theological institution of the 
South Carolina Synod was bereft of its teacher, the appeal to Dr. Hazelius 
seemed to overbalance his prospects of usefulness at Gettysburg, and he 
resigned and went to Lexington, South Carolina. 

As successor to Dr. Hazelius, the Board of Directors on September 18, 
1833, elected Charles Philip Krauth, of Philadelphia. On the same day 
Dr. Krauth was chosen professor of intellectual and 
moral science in the newly established college at Gettys- Krauth Comes 
burg. He accepted both positions, came to Gettysburg 
and was inaugurated at the Seminary during the first week of December. 

The double arrangement concerning Dr. Krauth’s services was intended 
to be temporary, and his work in the College was regarded as secondary. 
Early in 1834, however, he was elected President of the 
College. This responsible position he accepted, and then On Part Time 
for some years his work in the Seminary was second- Only 
ary to his work in the College. He gave only a few 
hours of instruction each week in the Seminary chiefly in Hebrew and 
Greek languages and exegesis. He also gave instruction in German and 
conducted some of his exegesis courses in that language. But in 1838 the 
Trustees of the College, at Dr. Krauth’s earnest desire, insisted upon the 
termination of his services at the Seminary and his resignation was regret- 
fully accepted. Dr. John G. Morris, of Baltimore, an early graduate of the 
Seminary, was chosen professor to succeed Dr. Krauth in the Department 
of Biblical and Oriental Literature. When Dr. Morris declined the position 
Dr. Krauth was prevailed on to continue his instruction in the Seminary 
on a reduced schedule, limiting himself to Hebrew, and Professor Henry 
I. Schmidt, another instructor in the College, was elected to the Seminary 
faculty. 

The fact is that sufficient funds were not available to guarantee the 
adequate support of a second professor. The financial 
depression that swept over the entire country in the late Funds Low 
thirties wrecking many fortunes seriously impeded the 
financial growth of the Seminary. Even so, the institution was fortunate 


139 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


in that it lost little more than a thousand dollars of its invested fund. Under 
the circumstances it was obliged to piece out its teaching staff with part- 
time instructors. Hence the Seminary call to Professor Schmidt of the 
College. 
Professor Schmidt was a member of the New York Ministerium. He 
had come to Gettysburg from Boston where he had been doing home mis- 
sionary work among the German Lutherans. He came 
Schmidt Comes primarily as teacher of German and French in the Col- 
lege. But the Seminary was in need of an instructor in 
German. As early as 1833, Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, who was now 
editor of the Lutheran Observer, had been elected professor of German 
literature and ecclesiastical history, with the understanding that he would 
spend one day each week at Gettysburg, but he had declined the appointment. 
A full and permanent professorship would in all probability have been ac- 
cepted. Dr. Kurtz had been much disappointed at the failure of the Seminary 
Directors to compensate him adequately for his European agency on behalf 
of the institution. He scorned the proffer of a part-time instructorship. So 
in 1839 Dr. Schmidt was elected professor of German literature and at 
once entered upon his duties, beginning with two hours of teaching a week 
and receiving as compensation the free rental of the house he was occupy- 
ing on the Seminary grounds. 

After four years of teaching Professor Schmidt left Gettysburg be- 
cause of inadequate remuneration by the College, and so his relationship 
with the Seminary ceased. For ten years now the “second professorship” 
which Dr. Hazelius had relinquished in 1833 had not been fully occupied. 
Dr. Krauth was still assisting Dr. Schmucker to the extent of three hours’ 
instruction per week. But the need of a second full-time professor was 
deeply felt. In September, 1844, therefore, with the prospect of additional 
funds from the newly organized Alumni Association, the Board proceeded 
to elect a “second professor” to conduct a department of “German Lan- 
guage and Biblical Literature.” 

The choice fell on Rev. Charles Augustus Hay. The 

Hay Succeeds professor-elect was not yet twenty-four years old. He 

Schmidt was a graduate of both the College and the Seminary 

at Gettysburg and had spent two years at the Universities 

of Halle and Berlin. He had taken charge of the pastorate at Middletown, 

Maryland, but had not yet been ordained. His salary as professor was fixed 

at $500 and house, and his inauguration took place without ceremony on 
November 6, 1844, at the beginning of the fall term. 

Dr. Hay was asked to teach nine hours a week, four 

Teaching Sub- in German, two in Hebrew, two in Greek, and one in 

jects Re-divided Biblical criticism and hermeneutics. In addition he was 

permitted to teach German four hours a week in the 

College. His two hours in Greek were afterwards transferred to Dr. 


140 


FROM INBANCY TO MATURITY 


Krauth and in their stead he was assigned two more hours in Hebrew. His 
work therefore practically covered the departments of German and Old 
Testament. Dr. Schmucker’s instruction was confined to didactic, pastoral, 
and polemic theology, Church government, metaphysics and homiletics. 

The first period, therefore, in the life of the Seminary closes with two 
men, Dr. Schmucker and Dr. Hay, devoting their full time to the instruc- 
tion of the students, and one man, Dr. Krauth, devoting a 
part of his time. Dr. Schmucker was lecturing thirteen The Teaching 
hours a week, Dr. Hay fourteen, and Dr. Krauth four. Force 
There had been little or no development in the curriculum 
of the institution. The same subjects with which Dr. Schmucker had begun 
the school in 1826 were still being taught twenty years later. 

The text-books for most of the courses given during this early period 
were prescribed by the Directors before the Seminary began. They were 
the ones recommended by Dr. Schmucker. They included 
Horne’s “Introduction,” Mosheim’s “Ecclesiastical His- Text-Books 
tory,” Storr and Flatt’s “Biblical Theology,’ Baum- 
garten and Walch’s “Religions-streitigkeiten” for the course in polemical 
theology, Schuckford and Prideaux’s “Biblical and Profane History Con- 
nected,’ Young’s ‘“Minister’s Companion” for the course in pastoral the- 
ology, and Clarke and Coke’s “Preacher’s Manual” for the course in homi- 
letics. In some of the courses, such as Church government and systematic 
theology, the Professor’s own lectures took the place of a text-book. In 
several subjects the Professor prepared what were called “compends” con- 
taining in questions and, answers epitomes of the materials presented in the 
courses. 

The method of teaching during this period was not a fixed one. It was 
determined by the subject and the capacity of the students. As a rule it 
was a combination of text-book and lectures. Dr. 

Schmucker prepared his lectures with great care and in Method of 
some of the branches published his own text-books. His Teaching 
“Popular Theology” of 1834 was the outgrowth of his 

lectures in the class-room and after its publication was his text-book as 
long as he taught. It passed through nine editions. His “Intellectual 
Science,” or “Psychology,” also was written as a text-book, and it saw 
three editions. 

In the courses for which no text-books were available Dr. Schmucker’s 
methodology prescribed that he deliver a lecture covering some portion of 
the subject and at its close dictate questions covering the 
materials presented during the hour. These questions Lectures and 
all the students were required to answer in writing. Questions 
The answers were then read before the class at the 
next recitation period and discussed by the professor before the next lecture 


141 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


was delivered. When text-books were used complete mastery of the 
materials was required. 
The officers of the institution often boasted of the size of its library, 
but there is no evidence that the students themselves made large use of it. 
The students were examined semi-annually in the pres- 
Public ence of the Directors and always on the same branches. 
Examinations It may be assumed that with the increase in the teach- 
ing staff the work of instruction was done more in- 
tensively and it is certain that the curriculum work of the Seminary stu- 
dents was constantly improving because of the greater uniformity and 
completeness of their preliminary training that resulted from the establish- 


ment of Pennsylvania College. 
One of the most important steps during the first two 


Need for decades in raising the Seminary from infancy to matur- 
Preparatory ity was the establishment of a school to furnish ade- 
School quate and uniform preparatory training for the pros- 


pective students of the Seminary. The Board of Di- 
rectors had from the beginning taken high ground as to the course of in- 
struction to be given in the Seminary. But Dr. Schmucker soon saw that 
the imperfect state of education in the Middle Atlantic and Southern States 
would not permit them to realize their ideal without some good preparatory 
school in the vicinity of the Seminary itself. The Lutheran Church at that 
time had no college anywhere and no school that could furnish even the 
most moderate preparatory training for theological students. The effort 
to secure the co-operation of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the newly 
founded Methodist College at Carlisle in 1787 had failed. Franklin Col- 
lege at Lancaster was a joint institution of Lutherans and Reformed and 
as such failed of all support and gradually declined. Most of the students 
therefore who came to the Seminary at Gettysburg when it first opened 
were utterly deficient in classical, and scientific knowledge. Dr. Schmucker 
for a while tried to make up for these deficiencies by private tutoring of 
the students. But it soon became evident that his time and energy would 
not permit him to continue this, and the Board asked him to desist. Under 
these circumstances, the idea of establishing a preparatory school at Gettys- 
burg itself and under the fostering care of the Seminary readily suggested 
itself. 

Accordingly, at the close of the very first session of the Seminary, in 
May, 1827, the Board of Directors of the Seminary formed themselves into 
an association “for the purpose of establishing a classical 

The Classical school” and appointed Professor Schmucker and the Rev. 
School Mr. Herbst, pastor in Gettysburg, to make the necessary 
arrangements for the opening of such a school. The 

initiative had come from Dr. Schmucker. He and Mr. Herbst selected 
David Jacobs, then a senior in the Seminary, to be the teacher in the new 


142 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


school. Professor Jacobs had come from Jacobs’ Church in Franklin 
County, Pennsylvania, and was a graduate of Jefferson College at Canons- 
burg. Already on June 25, 1827, they opened the doors of the institution 
with one teacher and two students. In a few weeks the number of min- 
isterial students in the new school had increased to six. The Classical 
School was housed in the same building with the Seminary. This was the 
Adams County Academy on the southeast corner of Washington and High 
Streets. The Academy building had been erected by means of an appro- 
priation of $2,000 from the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1810. The free 
use of this building had been offered by the citizens of Gettysburg as one 
of the inducements to locate the Seminary at Gettysburg. It contained four 
large rooms, two of which were used by the Seminary. Here under one 
roof the two schools prosecuted their common purpose for four years. 
Two years aiter the Classical School had begun, the Academy property 
was sold at sheriff’s sale. Dr. Schmucker purchased it for $1,100, the 
amount of its encumbrance. As he had agreed that the 
building should be used for educational purposes, no bid The Gymnasium 
was made against him. In purchasing the property Dr. 
Schmucker had acted on his own responsibility. But in order to enlist the 
interest of the Lutheran Church in general he at once organized “An Asso- 
ciation for the Establishment of a Classical and 
Scientific Department in Subservience to the 
Objects of the Theological Seminary at Gettys- 
burg, and for the Purchase of the Adams 
County Academy.” This association was a 
stock company consisting of twenty-two Luth- 
eran clergymen, more than half of whom were 
members of the Seminary Board of Directors. 
The Classical School was now enlarged and 
renamed the “Gettysburg Gymnasium.” <A 
Scientific Department was added and Michael 
Jacobs, younger brother of David, also a grad- 
uate of Jefferson College, was placed in charge 
of the new department. An attractive pros- 
pectus was issued over the name of 5S. S. 
Schmucker, announcing in detail a course of studies covering five years, with 
tuition at twenty-four dollars per annum and boarding at one dollar and 
fifty cents per week, and promising to ministerial students “gratuitous 
access to the very valuable library of the Theological Seminary, contain- 
ing upwards of six thousand volumes.” Concerning the announced “course 
of studies” it may be observed that the “third class’ was about equivalent 
to the freshman year in the colleges of that time. By order of the Semin- 
ary Board “the students of the Gymnasium intending to study theology” 


143 





MICHAEL JACOBS 


HISTORY “OF; GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


were “matriculated according to the form prescribed for students imme- 
diately entering the Seminary.” The younger institution was really in- 
tended to be nothing but a stepping-stone to the Seminary itself. 


The Gymnasium served its purpose well. The vacancy in its teaching 
staff caused by the premature death of David Jacobs in 1830 was filled by 
official action of the Seminary Board itself in the appointment of Rey. H. 
L. Baugher, who was to render distinguished service to the institution. 

By this time a second professor had been added to 

The College the Seminary Faculty and plans were afoot to erect a 
Chartered separate building to house the Seminary. Moreover, the 
rapid increase in the number of students in the Gym- 

nasium and the clear advantages arising from the institution called for its 
further development. Accordingly, in 1831, when the Gymnasium was only 
two years old, Dr. Schmucker took measures to 
enlarge the institution and thus increase its 
usefulness to the older school. He called to- 
gether the leading citizens of Gettysburg and 
Adams County and secured their approval of 
his plan to develop the Gymnasium into a 
College. Then he set. to work to secure a 
charter from the legislature. Petitions were 
circulated all over Pennsylvania and forwarded 
to members of the legislature. Dr. Schmucker 
spent several weeks in Harrisburg presenting 
his case to individual members of the law- 
making body. By the aid of Governor Wolfe, 
a Pennsylvania German Lutheran, and a dis- 
tinguished friend of popular education, he was 
permitted to address the House of Representa- 
tives on the proposed College. The desired charter was granted in April, 1832. 
It designated the stockholders of the Gymnasium and six citizens of Gettys- 
burg as the Patrons of the College who were charged to elect a Board of 
twenty-one Trustees. It specified that “in addition to the customary pro- 
fessorships in other colleges, there shall be in this institution a German 
professorship” in order to prepare men to teach German in the primary 
schools. The institution was organized as Pennsylvania College on July 
4, 1832, and began operations as such the following November. Two years 
later, by the aid of Thaddeus Stevens, a citizen of Gettysburg and at that 
time a member of the State legislature, Dr. Schmucker was able to secure 
from the State a grant of $18,000 for the College. In doing this he had 
to face the competing claims of Dickinson, Lafayette, Jefferson, Wash- 
ington, and Allegheny Colleges. The College was now equipped for the 
highest kind of service to the Seminary and it began at once the career of 


144 





Henry LEwIs 
BAUGHER, SR. 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


ever-increasing usefulness to the Church for which it was intended by 
its founders. 

The teachers of the Seminary assisted for a time in the instruction in 
the College. Dr. Schmucker gave instruction in intellectual, moral and 
political philosophy, logic, natural theology and evidences 
of revelation. Dr. Hazelius taught Latin and German. Seminary 
When Dr. C. P. Krauth came to Gettysburg in 1833 to Assists College 
succeed Dr. Hazelius he also taught in the College, 
as we have seen. The next year Dr. Krauth accepted the responsibilities 
of the presidency of the College and Dr. Schmucker was free again to give 
all his time to the Seminary. 

The founding of Pennsylvania College was the realization of an ideal 
that Dr. Schmucker had cherished for many years. It was pre-eminently 
the child of his labors. It was intended primarily as the 


fore-court to the Seminary and, as a matter of fact, Value of 
throughout the subsequent history of the Seminary, the College to 
great majority of its students have been graduates of Seminary 


Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg. For the Seminary 

was now in a position to enforce the requirement of its constitution that 
“Every applicant for admission shall produce satisfactozy testimonials that 
he has passed through a regular course of academical study, or wanting 
this, he shall submit himself to an examination of his preparatory attain- 
ments.” The establishment of the College was, therefore, the second long 
step in furthering the growth of the Seminary from infancy to maturity. 

The third great step in the development of the insti- 
tution during this first period was the purchase of a Need of 
permanent site and the erection of an edifice. After se- Permanent Site 
curing a faculty and a library and after providing for 
the preparatory training of prospective students, the next advance in point 
of time as well as of logic was to secure a convenient home. 

The Seminary, as we have seen, had begun its existence in the Adams 
County Academy. This was a comparatively new structure, well located 
in the town, commodious, and built of brick. But it was 
not owned by the Seminary and from the beginning it A Commiitee 
was only regarded as the temporary home of the “school Appointed 
of the prophets.” At the very first meeting of the 
Board of Directors that was held in Gettysburg, September 5, 1826, a 
committee was appointed “to select suitable sites for the edifices of the 
Seminary.” This committee consisted of five laymen, none of them mem- 
bers of the Board, and its chairman was Thaddeus Stevens, who was then 
a young attorney resident at Gettysburg. No report was ever made by this 
committee. 

But in a few years the need for a larger building became pressing. The 
number of students in the Seminary had increased to twenty-six. In addi- 


145 


HISTORY: OP4GERTYSBURG*SEMINARY 


tion there were nearly fifty students in the Gymnasium using the same build- 
ing. The growing popularity of the institution encouraged the Board to 

appoint in October, 1829, a new committee on permanent 
A Site site. This committee consisted of Charles A. Barnitz, 
Selected Esquire, of York, who was the treasurer of the Semi- 

nary; Mr. George Hager, of Hagerstown, a member of 
the Board, and Major Frederick Sharretts, of Carlisle. The com- 
mittee was instructed that “if there should be a site without the limits 
of the borough more 
eligible than any in it and 
yet near to the center of 
the town,” they should 
“endeavor to obtain the 
consent of the subscrib- 
ers to erect the buildings 
on said site.” Mr. Samuel 
H. Buehler of Gettysburg 
had? offered’ <a Slot of 
ground as a site, but the 
Board had declined to 
accept," it: Reve John 
Herbst, who was chiefly 
instrumental in having the 
Seminary located at 
Gettysburg, urged the 
committee to choose a 
site south of the town on 
the western side of the 








2 eurry SBURG, PA, : 


Baltimore Turnpike on 
lands of Thomas C. Mil- 
ler and outside the bor- 
ough limits. But the com- 


BAednesdny, September 17th, 1834, : 


mittee finally selected a 
site on an eminence just 
west of the town. This 
eminence is one of a 





series of ridges that 
parallel the South Moun- PROGRAM OF First LUTHERAN COLLEGE 
tain. The central axis of 

the ridges is the hard Greenstone or Trap rock that defied the wearing 
action of the storms and waves of geological time and so left these eleva- 
tions arising above the soft red shale that covers the valleys. The first 
ridge west of Gettysburg is exactly a mile distant from the center square 


146 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


of the town and is longer and narrower than most of the ridges running 
parallel to it. 

The chosen site for the Seminary building was de- A Famous 
scribed by the committee as “a situation on the Western Ridge 
side of Gettysburg within the limits of the Borough on 
lands owned by William McClellan and Samuel H. Buehler, containing 
in extent about twenty acres, the Western boundary being on or near the 
borough line, the Northern the Chambersburg road and the Southern 
boundary the Hagerstown 
road.” Their choice was 
ratified by the Board in 
May, 1830. The eminence, 
taking its name from the 
institution, afterwards be- 
came famous in Ameri- 
can history as Seminary 
Ridge. The contract price 
for the land and for the 
digging of a well on it 
was $1,166.15. 

Meanwhile, plans for a 
building had been drawn 
up. Even before the com- 
mittee on permanent site 
was appointed there was 
a committee “to procure 
drafts for a Seminary 
edifice.” This was in 
May, 1829. But this first 
committee accomplished 
nothing, probably because. 
some of the members of 
the committee despaired 
of securing the necessary 
funds. In October of 
that year, the efficient 
committee appointed to 


COMMENCEMENT IN AMERICA select a site was enlarged 

. by the addition of Pro- 
fessor Schmucker and Rev. John Herbst and was authorized to select a plan 
for a building and begin negotiations for lumber. This committee reported 
in the spring of 1830, submitting a plan that in its main outlines was 
adopted by the Board. This plan was drawn by Architect Nicholas Pierce, 


147 





HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


of Chambersburg, with suggestions chiefly from Mr. Hager and Dr. 
Schmucker. It provided for a substantial brick building of colonial design, 
one hundred feet long and forty feet wide, containing a 
Plans fora basement and three stories. 
Building A building committee, consisting of Messrs. George 
Trostle, George Shryock and Samuel Buehler, was di- 
rected to issue specifications and secure bids. Mr. Shryock afterwards 
withdrew from this committee and Mr. Kreutzman took his place. The con- 
tract was awarded to Mr. Pierce for $7,750, but sub- 
Cornerstone sequent additions and alterations in the plans greatly 
Laid increased the cost of the edifice, Building operations were 
begun at once and the cornerstone of the new structure 
was laid on May 26, 1831. This service was conducted by various members of 
the Board of Directors in the presence of a large gathering of people. It 



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































== | = 6 RLESPIE ~' 


AN Earty Woop-cut oF THE SEMINARY BUILDINGS. 


opened with the singing of a German hymn written for the occasion by the 
Rev. Mr. Uhlhorn of Baltimore. Prayer was offered in German byt Dry aGa 
Schmucker, president of the Board. Discourses were then delivered in German 
by Pastors Uhlhorn and A. Reck. After the offering had been received ad- 
dresses were made in English by Pastors D. F. Schaeffer and C. P. Krauth. 
Rev. C. F. Héyer then deposited the various articles in the cornerstone and 
the stone was laid in place with the usual form. Prayer was offered by Rev. 
J. W. Heim and the benediction was pronounced by Rev. Mr. Uhlhorn. 

Work on the building proceeded rapidly. In four months it was under 
roof. In the summer of 1832 it was completed according to the plans. To 
accomplish this rapid development the Directors had to borrow money for 


148 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


the institution. This loan came partly from the endowment fund and was 
secured partly by personal pledges of members of the Board. The furnish- 
ings for the rooms were provided by benevolent individuals and by congre- 
gations, the names of the donors being attached to the rooms they furnished. 
In this way the new edifice was made ready for occu- 

pancy at the beginning of the fall term of 1832. The In the New 
basement was reserved for the steward. Only two other Home 
stories were finished at that time. These con- 

tained two lecture rooms, a room for the library, an assembly room or 
“Missionary Hall,’ and ample dormitory accommodations for the twenty 
students then in attendance. In September, 1832, the young school of the 
prophets abandoned its cradle and moved out into a new stage of its exist- 
ence, leaving its original home to the exclusive use of the newly organized 
College. This process of removal consisted largely of transferring the 





Tue First BUILDING. 
Erected and occupied in 1882. 


library to the new building and inviting the students to leave their private 
quarters in the town and move into the house on the hill. 

It is a most inviting location to which the Seminary thus came for its 
permanent home. It affords a commanding view of the town half a mile 
to the east and an inspiring prospect of the Blue Ridge 
Mountains nine miles to the west. The beautiful build- Beautiful for 
ing with its graceful cupola is visible for many miles Situation 
and it soon came to be regarded as a landmark, a visible 
prognostication of the Church’s growth in this country. The completion 
of the building, taken with such other events as the growth of the student 
body, the increase of the Faculty, and the founding of the College, inspired 
the highest enthusiasm in the friends of the Seminary. The Board an- 
nounced to the General Synod that the Seminary building “exhibits a proud 


149 


HISTORY, OFVGETLTYSBURG? SEMINARY. 


monument of the liberality and zeal of the Lutheran Church, to promote 
an enlightened education of those who are to lead on the hosts of the 
Lord against the enemies of the truth as it is in Jesus.” The students of 
the Seminary in an open letter to the Lutherans of Europe exulted in the 
progress and prospects of the school and described the new home in glow- 
ing terms: “It is a large, commodious and elegant structure, located on an 
elevated site, half a mile from the town, with a beautiful park of flourish- 
ing oaks in the rear, and commanding a noble prospect of the surrounding 





MAIN ENTRANCE TO FIRST BUILDING. 
View from the east. 


country to the distance of several miles. If there be any spot on earth 
where the human intellect can expand itself more nobly, where it can 
expatiate moze freely through the almost illimitable extent of theological 
science, where it can rise more ardently and devoutly to the contemplation 
of the omnipresent Creator, than in any other place, surely it must be in 
such a delightful and hallowed retreat as this, where the mind of the 


150 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


student will not be retarded in the pursuit of divine truth by the unwelcome 
intrusion of female society, where the spirit of true devotion will be nursed 
in the lap of solitude, and where alone can be formed the necessary habits 
of elevated contemplation and profound thought, of close investigation 
and patient study, which are so necessary to every student of theology, 
and which too frequent an intercourse with the unthinking multitude is 
almost sure to destroy.” Such enthusiasm was bound to be contagious. 
Further improvements to the Seminary property soon 
followed. As the main edifice was nearing completion Professors’ 
a committee was appointed to superintend the erection Houses Erected 
of a brick dwelling house on the Seminary grounds for 
each of the professors. A limit of $2,000 for each dwelling was fixed. Mr. 
Kreutzman was chosen contractor. The first house directly south of the 





First Proressor’s House. 


Erected in 1833; occupied by Dr. Schmucker, 1833-1864, by Dr. Brown, 1864-1881, 
by Dr. Stork, 1881-1883, by Dr. Valentine, 1884-1903, by Dr. Kuhlman, 1903-1916, 
and by Dr. Wentz since 1916. 


main building was finished and occupied by Dr. Schmucker in October, 
1833. The other, located a corresponding distance north of the main edi- 
fice, was intended for Dr. Hazelius and was completed the following 
spring. But by this time Dr. Hazelius had determined to leave Gettys- 
burg and the new house was rented until 1839 when Professor Schmidt 
came to occupy it. 


151 


HISTORY OF GEELYSBURG=* SEMINARY 


‘After the erection of these first three buildings there began the process 
of enlarging and beautifying the grounds which has continued for almost 
a century. For the proper location of the second pro- 

Beautifying fessor’s house an additional tract of four acres of land 
the Grounds was purchased in 1833. At the same time the students 
began to set their hands to the work of cultivating 

and adorning the Seminary grounds. The Board ordered that “an acre 
of ground belonging to the Seminary be laid out in a garden for the benefit 
of the beneficiaries, under the superintendence of Dr. Hazelius.” In 1844 
the students received the special thanks of the Board for having made the 
walks and planted the trees eastward from each of the three Seminary 





SECOND PROFESSOR’sS HOUSE. 


Erected 1834; rented until 1839; occupied by Dr. Schmidt, 1839-1843, by Dr. Hay, 

1844-1848, by Dr. Krauth, 1850-1865, by Dr. Hay, 1865-1893, by Dr. Billheimer, 

1893-1901, by Dr. G. D. Stahley of the College (in rent), 1901-1911, by Dr. Alleman, 
1911-1925, and by Dr. Fischer since 1925. 


buildings to the foot of the hill to join the roads leading into the town. 
The next year Dr. Hay received special mention for having directed the 
students in “the tasty and valued improvements made around the 
Seminary.” 

It is interesting to note that the profits accruing from the publication 
of the Lutheran Observer during its first two years, amounting in all to 
sixty dollars, were used in 1833 by the editor, Dr. Morris, to purchase the 


152 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


shade-trees that afterwards became so attractive and a few of which still 
grace the campus. | 

Upon the completion of the main building in 1832 the Lutheran con- 
gregation in York presented the Seminary with a bell. The bell was his- 
toric. Nearly ninety years before, the Lutheran con- 
gregation of New York had taken it out of their own A Seminary 
belfry and sent it to the congregation at York where it Bell 
was used in the first stone church of that congregation. 
From the convivial manner of its reception when it arrived in York, it was 
known as “the sauerkraut bell.”” When it came to Gettysburg in 1832 it was hung 
on a frame at the head of the stairway and for several years was used to call 





















































































































































































































































BAAR. Las atta Awe SSS 


A SKETCH OF THE BUILDINGS IN 1870. 





the students to classes. When it was no longer needed in the Seminary it 
was returned to York and again placed in the tower of the Lutheran Church. 
Along with these items of improvement in the material equipment of the 
school we may note also some further developments in internal affairs. 
Measures were early taken to cultivate the spiritual life 
of the students. Daily devotional exercises were con- Spiritual Life 
ducted by the instructors, and the students were frequently of the Students 
urged to give special attention to their private devo- 
tions. Sometimes small groups of the students banded themselves together 
to hold regular meetings in their private rooms for spiritual edification. 
Ivery Sunday afternoon the ministerial students of both institutions held 
a conference under the direction of one of the professors for the purpose 
of solving difficulties in practical religion. Following the custom that Dr. 
Schmucker had learned at Princeton, the first Wednesday of every month 


Ibe. 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG. SEMINARY 


was set aside for “special prayer and self-examination, and for exercises 
calculated to promote a missionary spirit.” The various provisions concern- 
ing “The Devotional Exercises of the Students” in Article V of the consti- 
tution were rigidly enforced by Dr. Schmucker, and persistent trans- 
gressors were summarily dismissed or reported to the Directors. In the 
class-room the attention of the students was often directed to those books 
in the library that combined doctrine with devotion, such as Starke’s Hand- 
book and Sermons, Gerhardt’s Sacred Meditations, Arndt’s True Chris- 
tianity, Calvor’s Heavenly Ladder of Devotion, and Scrivener’s Soul Treas- 
ury. The preaching in the Gettysburg pulpits was strongly evangelistic and 
even revivalistic, and the published reports on the state of the Seminary 
generally emphasized the satisfactory growth of genuine piety among the 
students. 
Before 1830 the students organized themselves into a missionary society 
in order to “procure intelligence on missionary subjects or other topics con- 
nected with the advancement of true piety in our own 
The Missionary or foreign countries.” As members of this Society the 
Society students were sent by the professors to conduct serv- 
ices in schoolhouses and private homes in Adams 
and adjacent counties where people did not have the regular ministry of 
the means of grace. Some of the most destitute places in the mountains 
were opened in this way to the influence of the Gospel. It was from this 
work that W. A. Passavant received the great zeal for home missions that 
has left such a deep impress on the history of our Church in this country. 
In the summer of 1841 the students canvassed all of Adams County for 
the Pennsylvania Bible Society, and the reports of their experiences indi- 
cate that the summer afforded wholesome training in the toils and sacri- 
fices of the ministry. 
The course of study in the Seminary included the branches that have 
already been mentioned (see, for example, page 141). It was planned to 
extend over three years and it was so specified in the 
The constitution. The year embraced two “sessions” of 
Curriculum twenty weeks each, beginning the second week in Novem- 
ber and the second week in June. During the first 
decade in the life of the school the students as a rule remained for the full 
three years. Then, when most of the students were required to spend sey- 
eral preliminary years in the College, and when the opening up of home 
mission fields emphasized the need for more men in the active ministry, it 
became increasingly difficult to hold the students in the Seminary for the 
entire three years. By 1840 the average stay of the students was not over: 
two years. The Faculty and the Board made repeated efforts to restore the 
three years’ course, but they were powerless to do so because the synods 
persisted in licensing men and sending them into the pastorates before 
they had covered all the studies in the Seminary course and without a cer- 


154 


FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 


tificate of dismission from the institution. For thirty years this condition 
was not bettered. 

In all the public reports of the Seminary and in many of the Board 
actions emphasis is laid upon the study of German in the institution. The 
professors were required to conduct some of their courses 
in that language and all students were expected to make Study of 
a special study of it. The beneficiaries were required to German 
learn to preach in German and other students were fre- 
quently urged to the same accomplishment. Dr. Krauth, while still pastor 
in Philadelphia, was appointed to deliver a special lecture at the Seminary 
Commencement on “The. Importance and Utility of Studying the German 
Language,” and five hundred copies of the lecture were published and dis- 
tributed at the expense of the Seminary. MHazelius was chosen professor 
partly because of his Gezman antecedents, and Schmidt came as professor 
of German exclusively. All this was done primarily, of course, to meet 
the actual need of the Church at that time, and this purpose was largely 
accomplished. It was done partly also to express gratitude for past bene- 
factions from Germany and hope for further aid from that source, and 
partly, too, to allay the unfriendliness that the Seminary encountered in 
some quarters. 

The Seminary, as it grew to maturity, took measures to protect its name 
from misuse. A Latin diploma for the regular graduates was devised and 
printed in 1831. In order to prevent imposition on the 
part of men claiming to have studied at the Seminary it A Diploma 
was decided in 1839 to issue a “catalogue of the alumni.” A Catalogue 
The first general catalogue had been issued in 1827. It 
consisted of three pages besides the title-page, two of which were used to 
present the names of the Faculty, the Directors, and the Students, and one 
for the announcement of courses, terms and regulations. The second cat- 
alogue appeared in 1840. It presented the constitution of the Seminary, and 
detailed twenty-six students then in attendance and ninety-one alumni. It 
also stated that thirteen others had “attended a small portion of the course.” 

The alumni organized themselves into an association in April, 1844. Dr. 
J. G. Morris was the first president and twenty-seven members, representing 
seven Synods, were enrolled at the organization meet- 
ing. The association announced a threefold aim: “to Alumni 
cultivate harmony of feeling and action among Association 
its members and throughout the Church generally; to 
elevate the standard of learning, piety, and pastoral fidelity in the ministry ; 
and especially to promote the literary, religious and pecuniary interests of 
the Seminary.” The last of these purposes the Association began at once 
to prosecute with vigor. Annual lectures were held at Commencement time 
and a campaign was begun in order to help meet the current expenses of 
the Seminary and to endow the second professorship. The results of this 


155 


HISFORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


have already been noted. But the main achievements of the Alumni Asso- 
ciation belong to a later period. 
After two decades of existence the Seminary had reached maturity. It 
had grown more rapidly than the average institution of its kind, it had 
abundantly fulfilled the high hopes of its founders, anil 
Firmly it had commended itself to the Church as a whole. It 
Established had successfully passed through that stage of infant ex- 
istence that always causes anxiety in the hearts of the 
sponsors of any project. True, the institution was destined still to pass 
through difficulties and uncertainties. It was soon to face a period of 
storm and stress, and already in 1846 there were dim premonitions of such 
storms. But these experiences were to be critical only in the sense that 
they were to determine the direction that the growth of the institution 
would take. Its continued existence was never to be involved in doubt. 
The kindly hand of Providence, the unremitting toil 
Summary of of Dr. Schmucker, and the self-sacrificing labors of many 
Twenty Years friends had lifted the young Seminary into a position of 
great usefulness in the Kingdom of God. Its products 
had gone out to many a portion of the Church that had been destitute of 
ordained ministers and the appointed means of grace, particularly to the 
South and the West. During the twenty years of its life it had afforded 
training to more than two hundred students for the ministry. Of this 
number two were Presbyterians, four German Reformed, about twenty had 
never entered the ministry, twelve had died, and four had left the min- 
istry, leaving more than one hundred and fifty ministers in the active service 
of the Lutheran Church. A glance at the list of their names discloses the 
names of the most eminent men in the American Lutheran Church of the 
nineteenth century, preachers and pastors, Church leaders and teachers, mis- 
sionaries, home and foreign, founders and presidents of other colleges and 
seminaries, theologians and writers. Verily the problem that had faced 
the Lutheran Church in America for two centuries was on the way to 
solution. The results, after twenty years, were felt to justify in abundant 
measure the toil and sacrifice and prayer that had been lavished on the 
young school of the prophets. For the Lutheran Church in America had 
begun to prophesy. 


156 


GHAP TEREX 
A PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD, 1846-1864. 


The next two decades in the life of the Seminary constitute a period of 
stress and strain. In this respect the Seminary only reflected the general 
spirit of the times. It is a striking proof of the integral 
relation of our institution to the whole Lutheran Church Controversy 
and to American Christianity in general that when in- and Conflict. 
, ternal discord prevailed everywhere our school was 
not free from disturbance. Certain serious issues had to be decided and 
from the nature of the case they could only be decided in the course of 
controversy and conflict. This period, therefore, that covers the middle 
age of the nineteenth century, if viewed superficially, might seem to be 
a time of arrested development or even retrogression. But looked at in 
the long perpective it is seen to be in reality another period of genuine 
growth. 

The life of the Seminary must be viewed against the background of 
general conditions. The time was one of internal discord, both in Church 
and State. The conflicting interests of the several sec- 
tions of the nation developed a conflict between the spirit General 
of nationality and the spirit of sectionalism. This con- Conditions 
flict led finally to the Civil War. It created an at- 
mosphere that profoundly affected the whole of American Christianity. The 
spirit of sectionalism in the State had its exact parallel in the spirit of sec- 
tarianism in the Church. The interdenominational unionism of the pre- 
ceding period almost vanished and schism came to be regarded as a virtue. 
There was not only a parting of the ways but often an angry parting of 
allies—divisions and hostility and strife. Heresy trials abounded. Un- 
lovely epithets filled the air. The human spirit was highly sensitive and 
combative in all its interests. Party feeling ran high in every sphere. 
Acrimonious debates occupied pulpits, stages of theaters, and pages of 
public prints. The great immigration that swept into the Mississippi Valley 
and beyond furnished a wide field for the competitive energies of rival 
denominations and left permanent deposits in buildings and institutions 
that to this day bear eloquent witness to the infection of sectarian intol- 
erance that prevailed during this middle age of American Christianity. 

One result of this intolerant partisan spirit in Amer- 
ican Christianity was internal division and subdivision. Division 
Not only did Protestants and Catholics make war on Everywhere 
each other; not only were Catholics and Episcopalians 
distracted with party strife within; not only did new sects of minor import 


157 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


arise; but all the Jarger Protestant Churches, Methodists, Baptists, Pres- 
byterians, and Lutherans were rent by schism. ‘The cause of these breaks 
was not always the economic issue of slavery nor the political issue of 
secession. It was sometimes doctrinal and sometimes purely personal. 
In the controversies within the Lutheran Church of 
Parties Among this period the issues at stake were chiefly doctrinal and 
Lutherans confessional. There had come to be a sharp revulsion 
from the confessional laxity of the preceding period and 
a strong revival of denominational consciousness. This was the result 
partly of the new vigor imparted to all American Christianity by the evan- 
gelical revival earlier in the century. In part it was due to a renewal of 
interest in the history and the confessions of the Lutheran Church. And 
in part it was due to the immigration of large numbers of rigid confes- 
sionalists from Germany and Scandinavian lands. The confessional reaction 
was stoutly resisted by a number of influential men in the Church, and so 
it led to internal controversies long continued and acute. From the nature 
of the case these controversies involved deeply the Seminary at Gettysburg 
and its energetic founder and professor of theology. Eventually they re- 
sulted in serious disruption both in the Church and in the Seminary. The 
shadows of this coming disruption brood heavily over the entire period 
we are now about to review. 
The Seminary had not been without its hostile critics 
Critics of the from the beginning. Some ministers and laymen were 
Seminary opposed to the idea of a theological seminary. Others 
took exception to the institution as actually constituted, 
especially to its location west of the Susquehanna and to the strong in- 
fusion of English in its personnel and its curriculum. These criticisms 
came chiefly from the remoter districts of the synods that were not in the 
General Synod. The only answer the Seminary made to these criticisms 
was to emphasize the teaching of German and to make a sincere effort 
to serve the ‘whole Church. 
One attack upon the Seminary in its infancy had 
The Brauns seemed formidable enough to call for official notice on 
Attack the part of the Board of Directors. It was a book pub- 
lished in Germany in 1829 and reprinted in Philadel- 
phia in the columns of the Amertkanischer Correspondent, a German 
political semi-weekly. It came from the pen of Dr. J. Ernst. Ludwig 
Brauns, of Braunschweig, and bore the title “Practical Advice for Emi- 
grants to America.’ Dr. Brauns had come to America as a young man 
and had been licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1813. But he 
had not been ordained. His “‘unministerial behavior” had subjected him to 
the censure of the president of the Synod, and in 1818 he had returned to 
Germany, cherishing a host of personal animosities and deeply chagrined at 
the progress of English among the Lutheran ministers in America. It was 


158 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


very probably Brauns who had opposed Dr. Kurtz when he was in Ger- 
many soliciting funds for the Seminary. In his book he claimed to expose 
the weaknesses in the constitution of the Seminary, laid bare the elementary 
character of the instruction given, and held up to ridicule the pious efforts 
and devotional exercises of its handful of students. His main theme was 
that the Seminary was a thinly veiled effort to further the anglicising 
process among the Lutherans of America. Dr. Schmucker was character- 
ized as a country preacher, an Irish-German, a pseudo-German. The 
sophistry and tergiversation of the Seminary representatives, he said, proved 
that the Jesuits were mere children in the art of deception. All good Ger- 
mans in Europe and America must help to make an end of the Seminary 
as quickly as possible. ! 

The book was a tissue of truths, half-truths, distorted facts, and down- 
right falsehoods. When its materials were reproduced in the American 
newspaper, the Seminary Board resolved to reply. Dr. 

Hazelius composed a letter for publication in Europe The Seminary’s 
and Dr. Schmucker sent a dignified reply to the columns Reply 
of the Philadelphia Correspondent. Dr. Schmucker’s 

letter had an echo in an article in the Allentowner Freibothen in which 
the writer roundly criticizes Dr. Schmucker’s German and brands him as 
unqualified to preside over a German Seminary. The incident did not 
increase the opposition to the Seminary, but it may be regarded as a warn- 
ing finger pointing to the difficulties of the next period. 

As the Church expanded across the continent and as new issues arose 
within the older synods, new synodical organizations were formed. The 
new synods were not always formed in harmony, and as 
the new synods resolved to support the Seminary at The Synods 
Gettysburg and sent their representatives to its Board, on the Board 
there soon came to be discordant elements in the Board 
itself. The Seminary had begun in 1826 with representatives of only two 
synods on its Board. These were Maryland and Virginia, and West Penn- 
sylvania. The Synod of North Carolina had appointed five directors, but 
none of them appeared until October, 1827, and only once after that was a 
director from this state present. The Synod of Maryland and Virginia 
was divided in 1829, but the Virginia Synod sent no representatives to the 
Seminary Board until 1843. Meanwhile the official business of the insti- 
tution was transacted by the appointed representatives of only two synods. 

The Seminary was stronger than the General Synod and received the co- 
operation of influential men in synods not connected with the general body, 
but by the provisions of the constitution of the Semin- 
ary, directors came only from the district synods of New Synods 
the General Synod. In _ 1843, however, directors 
from the newly formed Synod of East Pennsylvania, with W. M. Rey- 
nolds at their head, took their place in the Board, and at the same time 


159 


HISTORY. OFSGETIY SBURG SEMINARY 


appeared the first representative of the Synod of Virginia. In 1853 the 
Pennsylvania Synod united with the General Synod after an absence of 
thirty years, and sent as directors of the Seminary men like Charles F. 
Schaeffer and Benjamin Keller. Three years later the Pittsburgh Synod 
sent its first representatives to the Board in the persons of Charles Porter- 
field Krauth and Gottleib Bassler, and at the same time the Central Penn- 
sylvania Synod was represented for the first time by its delegate, Henry 
Ziegler. All these new men were forceful personalities who had joined 
the general movement of the Lutheran Church towards higher confessional 
ground. 
It was in 1844 also that the Alleghany Synod sent a delegation headed 
by Reuben Weiser, and in 1860 the Melanchthon Synod sent Benjamin Kurtz 
| as its first director. In 1864 Matthias Sheeleigh ap- 
Different peared as the first representative of the New Jersey 
Synods Synod. Thus the number of synods represented in the 
official directorate of the Seminary had increased from 
two to nine. Both parties: in the Church at large were ably represented 
and it was to be expected that the conflict of opinions that raged outside 
would find a clear echo in the transactions of the Board itself. 
Meanwhile there had been significant changes in the 
Changes in officers of the Board. Dr. J. G. Schmucker, because of 
Officers advancing age, resigned the presidency of the Board in 
1839 after fifteen years of faithful service in that office. 
He had been a zealous supporter of the Seminary in its infancy and an 
effective agent in carrying out the purposes of his son in the official busi- 
ness of the institution. His resignation relaxed somewhat the controlling 
hand of S. S. Schmucker in the affairs of the Board, and it is noticeable 
in this period that several times, though in minor matters, the decisions 
of the Board ran counter to the recommendations of the professor of the- 
ology. After that and during the next two decades the presidency of the 
directors was Occupied by various persons, but chiefly by Dr. J. G. Morris, 
an early student of Professor Schmucker and a graduate of the Seminary, 
but a man with a growing appreciation of historical Lutheranism. 
As early as 1840 the Seminary Board had to deal 


Charges with charges against the professors. The charges were 
Against the preferred by Benjamin Keller, pastor of the older 
Professors Lutheran congregation in Gettysburg and at the same 


time one of the directors of the Seminary. The charges 
grew out of difficulties that were largely personal and connected with Mr. 
Keller’s joint pastorate of the two congregations in Gettysburg and _ his 
consequent severafice of relations with Christ Church. The Board com- 
pletely acquitted its professors and brought about mutual forgiveness and 
the promise of Christian forbearance among the persons involved. But 
the incident had several echoes, one in 1845 when Keller was excluded 


160 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


from the Board as a director from the Synod of West Pennsylvania on the 
ground that he had been elected by the Ministerium after the Synod itself 
had adjourned; the other two years later when Keller emphatically opposed 
the increasing of Professor Hay’s salary from $400 to $600. There were 
louder reverberations the next decade when Keller became the financial 
agent of the Pennsylvania Ministerium in establishing the German pro- 
fessorship at Gettysburg. 

But the chief difficulties of the Seminary may be held to date from about 
1846. In that year Professor Schmucker took a six months’ trip to Europe. 
The immediate purpose of the trip was to attend the 
organization meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in Lon- The Evangelical 
don. Dr. Schmucker, as we have seen, had been highly Alliance 
influential in bringing about this organization, and 
he now went as an unofficial representative of the Lutheran Church 
in the United States. Incidentally, it was hoped that such a trip 
would be of benefit to his health, which had several times suffered serious 
inroads under the heavy burdens of his work. But one of his foremost 
motives in making the trip was to further the interests of the Seminary, 
for the directors, in granting him leave of absence, specially authorized 
him “to make collections in money, receive donations in books, and so forth, 
and to endeavor in every Christian manner to further the interests of the 
Seminary during his tour.’ Aiccordingly, he spent several months on the 
continent of Europe in advance of the meeting in London. He visited all 
the great libraries and universities and formed numerous contacts with in- 
fluential men in the Lutheran Church of Germany. Many donations of 
books were received from authors and publishers and libraries. Nearly a 
thousand volumes were added to the Seminary Library in this way, most 
of them more valuable than the books received through Dr. Kurtz twenty 
years before. At Leipsic Dr. Schmucker was presented with a number of 
first editions of treatises published in Reformation times. 

The results of the European trip of 1846, however, were not all condu- 
cive to the peace of the Seminary. There was a growing element in the 
Church that did not approve of the Evangelical Alliance. 

Moreover, in preparing the way for his tour, Dr. Schmucker’s 
Schmucker had written and, with Drs. Morris, Kurtz, Letter of 1846 
Pohlman and Schmidt, had signed a letter which was sent 

to Germany for distribution in advance of his coming. The letter was a 
description of the Lutheran Church in America. The theological position 
of the Church was set forth in terms of Dr. Schmucker’s own theology, 
the theology of the American Lutheran Church in 1825 and 1829. The 
letter was addressed to the United Church of Prussia and it indicated the 
points of similarity between the General Synod in America and the Prus- 
sian Union in Germany. Professor Tholuck was sufficiently interested to 


161 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


revise the German of the letter and attend to its publication and dis- 
tribution. 
Whatever may have been the effect of this letter in Germany, it is cer- 
tain that in America it gave offense to the growing party that was reverting 
to the stricter interpretation of the Lutheran confessions. 
Signs of It was a clear indication that the professor of theology 
Discord at Gettysburg would not go along with the current, but 
on the contrary proposed to stem the rising tide of 
confessionalism. There were forebodings of discord among the alumni 
and constituency of the institution. Professor Hay, who was left in 
practical charge of the Seminary during Dr. Schmucker’s absence, wrote a 
letter to Dr. Morris, president of the Board, who was also in Europe to 
attend the London convention. The letter related events in the life of the 
Seminary and in the Church at large. Dr. Morris sent on the letter to Dr. 
Schmucker in Germany with the comment: “You will see from Hay’s letter 
that Seminary affairs look rather squally.’ This was in 1846, the first 
year of the period we are now reviewing. 
Concrete evidences of disaffection were soon to be 
Complaints seen. From east of the Susquehanna came the complaint 
About German that there was not sufficient teaching of German at 
Gettysburg. Even some of the alumni of the Seminary 
joined in this complaint. Some of the ministerial candidates from that 
quarter began to resort to private tutoring for their theological instruction. 
There was serious talk of establishing a “new theological seminary at 
Philadelphia.” Back of the complaint about the lack of German instruc- 
tion was of course the dissatisfaction with the doctrinal position of the 
Gettysburg Seminary. This also invaded the ranks of the alumni, and the 
clouds of theological controversy began to gather thick about the institution. 
As a result Professor Hay resigned in 1848. He had 
Hay Resigns been on the faculty only four years. There is no evi- 
dence that he resigned because he disagreed with Dr. 
Schmucker’s theology. His teaching in the Seminary had been confined to 
languages and his theological views were not yet developed. And his sub- 
sequent development was entirely in line with the position of the senior 
professor. Nor did he resign because of the lack of support. It is true 
that his salary was meager and the funds of the Seminary weve increas- 
ing very slowly, but his salary had been increased during his tenure and the 
Board during Dr. Schmucker’s absence in Europe had resolved to place all 
Seminary moneys in a common fund and divide the income evenly between 
the two professors. This assured him a competence. But he retired before 
the coming storm. His uncle, Dr. J. G. Morris, and his mature friend, Dr. 
Charles Philip Krauth, foresaw clearly the inevitable conflict in the 
Church, and they advised the immature pastor but competent teacher of 
languages to retire before the “squally” sea and take refuge in a pastorate. 


162 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


Professor Hay’s resignation left the Seminary with only one full pro- 
fessor. Temporary arrangement was made with Dr. Krauth, president of 
the College, whereby for two years he gave five hours a 
week to Seminary students, requiring them to come to Krauth Accepts 
the College for their recitations. Three of these hours 
were Hebrew and two Greek. The teaching of German was assigned to 
Dr. Schmucker. Then in 1850 Dr. Krauth resigned the presidency of the 
College to accept in full the “second professorship” in the Seminary. He 
now had ten hours a week. In addition to the language and literature and 
exegesis of Old and New Testaments, he taught pastoral theology, Church 
history, and Church government. Dr. Schmucker had a schedule of nine 
hours, one third of which was devoted to German. Thus the teaching staff 
of the Seminary was replenished. 

The coming of Dr. Krauth to a full professorship meant the introduc- 
tion of a more conservative element into the teaching of the Seminary. 
The personal relations between Dr. Schmucker and Dr. 

Krauth were always very friendly, but Dr. Krauth’s Krauth More 
theological position was frankly more distinctively Conservative 
Lutheran than that of his colleague. He had studied 

sympathetically the confessional writings of the Church. He had helped to 
translate Schmid’s Dogmatics of the Lutheran Church, and in his appeal for 
the distribution and study of that work he had written: “We would have 
all our ministers acquainted with the symbolical books; we would have 
them versed in the distinctive theology of the Church. We would have intro- 
duced into our theological schools the study of the symbols and . . . pure, 
unadulterated Lutheranism. Some points may be found untenable, some 
may need modification . . . but, take it all in all, we do not expect it ever 
to become obsolete. . . . The increasing desire to become acquainted with 
the doctrines of the Church and the demand for the symbolical books are 
symptomatic of a return to better feelings than have prevailed in regard to 
the Church, and that the time has passed away in which we are to assume 
every phase which may be presented to us, to glory that we are like every- 
body, are nothing in ourselves, living only by the breath of others. These 
are the signs . . . that the Church is returning to the sobriety of her 
better days, and that theology, systematic and Biblical, may expect to receive 
attention such as it deserves.” Here was a new note in the theology issuing 
from Gettysburg. 

This disparity of view, as represented on the Board of Directors and 
now in the Faculty of the Seminary, was soon reflected among the students 
and alumni and supporters of the institution. 

The first open breach among the friends of the Seminary came with the 
establishment of the Evangelical Review. This was a theological quarterly 
begun as the organ of the conservative party in the General Synod with the 
express purpose of antagonizing the party of “American Lutherans” of 


163 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


whom Dr. Schmucker was the chief. It was published at Gettysburg. 
Its editor was Dr. William M. Reynolds, one of the earliest graduates of 
the Seminary, then a professor in the College. As assis- 
The “Evangelical tant editors the Review announced Dr. J. G. Morris, 
Review” president of the Seminary Board; Professor H. I. 
Schmidt, a former professor in the Seminary; Rev. 
C. W. Schaeffer, another alumnus, and Rev. E. Greenwald. The quarterly 
proceeded to present articles appreciative of the Lutheran confessions and 
of historical Lutheranism. In the very first number Dr. Krauth made his 
appeal for the distribution and study of Schmid’s Dogmatics, and Dr. 
Morris in an article on Luther’s catechisms expressed his delight in ob- 
serving “strong symptoms of a revival of symbolic theology among our 
ministers,” pointed out the signs of “a return to the family mansion by 
those of Luther’s household in this country,’ and sharply reproved those 
theologians who call themselves by Luther’s name but “fashion their theo- 
logical garments after the ever-varying taste of the modern artiste.” 
But of particular note was the introductory article 


Reynolds of Editor Reynolds. In announcing the policy of the 
Attacks publication Dr. Reynolds chanced to write that no part 
Schmucker of the Lutheran Church in this country had ever for- 


mally rejected “any of our Symbolical books.” This 
remark, particularly the reference to “owr Symbolical books,” led Dr. 
Schmucker to take up his pen at once to instruct his former student in the 
confessional history of the Lutheran Church in America. Two dignified 
articles, entitled “The Evangelical Review,” appeared in the Lutheran Ob- 
server. Dr. Reynolds replied in the same weekly with three lengthy and 
spirited articles in which he branded the representations of his former 
teacher as “loose assertions” and “groundless assumptions” and “unwar- 
ranted inferences” and attributed them to “ignorance” and “wilful per- 
version.” He also made a general attack upon so-called “American Luth- 
eranisin.” This Dr. Schmucker parried with two articles on “American 
Lutheranism” in which he defended the doctrinal position of the Seminary 
as the historical and proper doctrinal position of the Lutheran Church in 
America. The discussion on this point did not cease until Dr. Reynolds 
in 1850 left Gettysburg to become the president of Capital University at 
Columbus, Ohio, and turned over the editorship of the Evangelical Review 
to the conservative but conciliatory hand of Charles Philip Krauth. 
Dr. H. L. Baugher, also a graduate of the Seminary 


Schmucker and professor in the College and soon to be its president, 
Attacks had written an article for the first number of the 
Baugher Review on “Theological Education in the Lutheran 


Church.” It was a worthy plea for more thorough edu- 
cation of ministers in all stages of their training. Now there had long 
been a difference of opinion between Dr. Schmucker and some of the col- 


164 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


lege professors in regard to the admission of students into the Seminary. 
In the case of married men or men advanced in years or men with very 
limited means, Dr. Schmucker favored their admission without requiring 
them to have completed the full course at the College. The College pro- 
fessors, on the other hand, insisted upon a full college course in all cases, 
and held that if a candidate for the ministry could not take a full course in 
both institutions it would be preferable to omit the Seminary course. Dr. 
Baugher’s article in the Review was very general in its statements and 
made its appeal to the synods for better support of all our educational insti- 
tutions. But one of the paragraphs Dr. Schmucker understood to be in- 
tended as a stricture on the Seminary for admitting men without adequate 
preliminary training. Accordingly, he wrote to the Observer repudiating 
the alleged charge of Dr. Baugher and stoutly defending the practice of 
the Seminary in admitting students. Here, then, was a second line of 
controversy growing out of the birth of the Evangelical Review. 

The appearance of the second number of the Review only intensified 
the differences among the friends of Gettysburg. Among other articles 
it presented a brilliant paper by Charles Porterfield 
Krauth, son of Professor Krauth and an alumnus of Kurtz Attacks 
the Seminary, on the subject, “The Relation of our Con- Krauth 
fessions to the Reformation.” This called forth heavy 
condemnation from the “American Lutherans” and vigorous applause from 
the “Old Lutherans.” Dr. Kurtz, editor of the Lutheran Observer, declared 
that the Review was “the most sectarian periodical he ever read.” But Dr. 
Reynolds wrote: “The fact is there is a large body of men in our Church 
who have no knowledge of her history, no sympathy with her doctrines, no 
idea of her true character, and whose whole conception of the Church is 
that of a kind of mongrel Methodistic Presbyterianism, and of this party 
Drs. S. S. Schmucker and Kurtz are the coryphaei.” 


Another contributor of conservatizing articles to the Young 
Review was Beale M. Schmucker. He was a son of the Schmucker 
Professor and an alumnus of the Seminary and of course Conservative 


he avoided all personal references in his writings. Other 
pens were enlisted in the literary battle, on both sides of the conflict, and 
protracted and unedifying debates resulted. 

It would be manifestly impossible to. present here any details of these 
spirited discussions. It is sufficient for our purpose to have pointed out 
that the friends of the Seminary had become divided 
in their allegiance and loyalty, that the Professor of The Seminary’s 
Theology was obliged to defend his position against Friends Divided 
attacks from alumni and members of the Board of 
Directors, and that the Seminary had become the storm center of pro- 
tracted controversies, bitter and discordant as the times. There were 


165 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


many sad forebodings that the line of cleavage in the Church would even- 
tually cut straight through the Seminary at Gettysburg. 
One event in this warfare of opinions calls for special 
The Definite mention because of its bearing on the history of the 
Platform Seminary. We refer to the appearance of the “Definite 
Synodical Platform.” This came in 1855. The contents 
of the document and the circumstances under which it was published have 
already been set forth. It was the last stand of Dr. Schmucker and his 
party of “American Lutherans” against the changing spirit of the Church. 
The total effect of its appearance was to increase greatly the line of division 
among the constituency of the Seminary. For no sooner had the proposed 
“Platform” appeared than it became the object of vigorous attack and 
defense in the Church press and in synodical conventions. When it became 
known that Dr. Schmucker was the author of the document the attacks 
were directed against him, his theological position and his institution. 
One of the first effects of the appearance of the 
Krauth Differs “Platform,” so far as the Seminary was concerned, was 
with Schmucker to widen the doctrinal breach between Dr. Schmucker 
and his colleague on the Faculty. Dr. Krauth made no 
secret of his aversion to the document. “The American Recension of the 
Augsburg Confession,” he wrote to his son, “doesn’t seem to go down well. 
It has received many hard blows. My colleague doesn’t disclaim the author- 
ship, so that it has a daddy. A more stupid thing could hardly have been 
originated, taking the standpoint of its projectors. Quem Deus vult perdere 
prius dementat. How will it end? I have thought in smoke. But I have 
all along had fears, and they are strengthened of late, that it will divide 
the General Synod. It is said that my colleague is determined to press 
the matter to the utmost. I suppose he thinks that he has drawn the 
sword, thrown away the scabbard, and now must fight. For myself I do 
not feel a particle of uneasiness, but I regret exceedingly the injury which 
the Church is sure to sustain. Mr. Passavant’s idea of a paper in oppo- 
sition to the Observer I approve. There ought to be an antidote to the 
Observer somewhere.” 
This determined stand of Dr. Krauth was published and it greatly 
disappointed Dr. Schmucker. A little later Dr. Schmucker voiced his 
grievances against his colleague. He frankly com- 


Schmucker plained of Dr. Krauth’s “failure on any suitable occa- 
Aggrieved at sion to express any public sympathy in behalf of the 
Krauth efforts of American Lutherans to resist the in- 


cessant assaults of the Old School party, which 
must naturally have led hundreds of our ministers and intelligent laymen to 
infer that his sympathies were not with American Lutheranism.” He also 
deplored Dr. Krauth’s outspoken opposition to the Definite Platform, “de- 
nouncing it more violently than most other opponents.” Dr. Schmucker 


166 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


charged that his colleague’s administration of the Evangelical Review has 
always been in “vindication of the Symbolical System.” So it was clear 
that the Seminary Faculty was divided. 

The Professor of Theology in the Seminary was placed on the defen- 
sive before the Church. The Evangelical Review strongly inveighed 
against “Schmucker’s Symbols” and warned that this 


“awful movement” proposed in the Definite Platform / Schmucker 
might become the means of “splitting the Lutheran on the 
Church of America into ten thousand scattered frag- Defensive 


ments.” Dr. Krauth helped to refute the Definite Plat- 

form and declared that he had never given any special recommendation 
of Schmucker’s “Popular Theology.” The Church papevs in the German 
language were very outspoken in their dissatisfaction with the entire sit- 
uation at the Seminary and hinted at a new institution to conserve genuine 
Lutheranism and the German language. 

The chief channel for the discussion of the subject was the Lutheran 
Observer. Here the outpourings of both sides were published, although 
the editor, Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, vigorously defended Dr. Schmucker and 
the Platform. 

In defending himself and his Seminary, Dr. Schmucker repeatedly and 
in great detail explained that his theological position had not changed. 
Some of his lines in this connection are fairly pathetic, 


as, for example, when he writes: ‘On this basis the’ Schmucker 
General Synod—at whose organization, in 1820, we Explains and 
were present—was founded. On the same basis was Pleads 


the Theological Seminary of the General Synod 

erected, and in accordance with this basis all its instructions have hitherto 
been given. Since then strangers have come from abroad professing a 
different platform, and, unacquainted with our American institutions and 
Church, have, in various papers and on numerous occasions, censured us for 
not teaching what we never promised, and were never expected to teach; 
and have even termed us perjured for alleged violation of obligations which 
we never assumed. With few exceptions, we have made no reply, but 
trusted to the good sense and better knowledge of the American churches. 
A few younger brethren also, whom we have trained in accordance with 
the doctrinal basis of the General Synod and her Seminary, have changed 
some of their views, and now sympathize on some points with those above 
referred to. Far be it from us to censure them, or to withdraw from them 
our affection. Let them faithfully search the Scriptures, and act out their 
convictions of duty, as we have endeavored to do, and ‘He to whom is 
given all power in heaven and on earth,’ will assuredly over-rule all for His 
glory. But this we ask of all, after so many years of laborious service in 
the Church, let those who differ from us remember that they have changed, 
not we; let us not be charged with unfaithfulness to our vows, or to the 


167 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


interests of our American Lutheran Zion, as long as we inculcate the same 
views and maintain the same doctrinal platform on and for which we were 
appointed, and which are still maintained by the great mass of our Amer- 
ican Lutheran ministry and churches.” Dr. Schmucker used the columns 
of the Observer and the pages of the Review and finally resorted to sep- 
arate publications. Right earnestly he pleaded that the discussion might 
be carried on in the spirit of the Master. 
But Dr. Schmucker’s explanations did not satisfy. 
The Breach Arguments of logic were of no avail against the domi- 
Widens nant spirit of combat. The Church had changed beyond 
recall and the spirit of conciliation had taken flight 
from among the friends of Gettysburg Seminary. When an article appeared 
anonymously defending Schmucker and setting forth in detail that it was 
Baugher, Morris, Reynolds and Krauth who had changed their theological 
positions, some of these men replied. President Baugher branded his for- 
mer teacher as “a disturber of the peace.” Dr. Krauth, with unusual vigor, 
repudiated the charge of inconsistency. Dr. Morris frankly confessed that 
his position had changed and gloried in it. And so the breach had widened 
beyond repair. 
Early in 1856, a serious effort was made to arrest the controversy. The 
effort originated with Professors Stoever and Muhlenberg of the College 
of Gettysburg, representatives respectively of the anti- 
The Pacific ‘symbolists and the conservatives. A statement entitled 
Overture “Pacific Overture” was circulated and signed by sixty- 
four prominent men in the Church, ministers and lay- 
men, among them the chief leaders on both sides of the conflict. It was 
a promise to desist from further controversy and to abide by the doctrinal 
basis of the General Synod. But Dr. Schmucker in signing the “Overture” 
had expressly reserved the right to answer in a friendly way and in a 
separate publication the pamphlet of Dr. W. J. Mann on “A Plea for the 
Augsburg Confession.” This reservation called forth a vicious attack on 
Dr. Schmucker’s integrity from Theophilus Stork, of Philadelphia, a 
graduate of the Seminary and a former member of its Board of Directors. 
To this attack Dr. Schmucker made reply, and so the controversy con- 
tinued in spite of the “Overture.” 
Loud echoes of the controversy were soon heard in 
Mann and the Board of Directors of the Seminary. For events 
Hoffman constantly tended in that direction. The debate between 
Dr. Mann and Dr. Schmucker had indeed been con- 
ducted on a high plane of discussion. Schmucker’s reply to Mann’s “Plea” 
was a book of nearly two hundred pages entitled “American Lutheranism 
Vindicated.” To this Mann responded with a book of equal size called 
“Lutheranism in America.” ‘This was dignified polemics that made worthy 
contributions to the literature of the Church. But not all writers were able 


168 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


thus to restrain themselves. Rev. J. N. Hoffman, of Reading, a former 
member of the Gettysburg Board, entered the controversy with a sharp 
little book called “The Broken Platform.” It abounded in cheap denuncia- 
tion and evoked a spirited reply from the editor of The Lutheran Observer. 
In July, 1857, a more doughty champion of conservative Lutheranism 
entered the lists in the person of Dr. J. A. Brown. Dr. Brown was a 
graduate of the College at Gettysburg and in close 
touch with the alumni of the Seminary. On the floor Brown Reviews 
of the East Pennsylvania Synod he had presented very Schmucker’s 
severe resolutions against the Definite Platform. In Theology 
an extended review of Schmucker’s “American Luther- 
anism Vindicated’ he now characterized the Professor’s theological system 
as “The New Theology” and roundly criticized the teaching of such 
theology to prospective Lutheran ministers. Schmucker’s view of regen- 
eration and original sin he labeled un-Biblical and un-Lutheran and_ his 
view of justification Romish. At the same time he disclaimed for himself 
all leanings towards “symbolism” or the “Old Lutherans.” His review 
marked him at once as a profound theologian and a skilled dialectitian. 
To his indictment Dr. Schmucker made answer by calmly and deliber- 
ately disclaiming the views attributed to him, urging more careful attention 
to his published positions, and confidently appealing “to 


everyone of more than three hundred students who have Schmucker 
attended my instructions during more than thirty years Replies to 
since the origin of our Seminary, and to all my col- Brown 


leagues and the professors of Pennsylvania College, who 

have known me and heard me teach or statedly preach during 
this time, whether they have ever heard me dispute any one of these doc- 
trines, and whether I do not habitually preach and teach them as fully as 
any one of themselves? The doctrines taught in the Biblical Theology, the 
Popular Theology, and my other publications for five-and-thirty years, I 
stilljteach:” 

As a matter of course, the entire controversy over the Definite Plat- 
form seriously involved the influence of the Seminary. The theology of 
the Platform was directly in line with the theology 
that Dr. Schmucker had been teaching the hundreds of The Seminary 
students who had come to Gettysburg. Dr. Schmucker Involved 
soon acknowledged that his own hand had written the doc- 
ument, and in the preface to the second edition of the Platform he declares 
that these views are throughout consistent with the position that the General 
Synod had occupied for thirty years, because the General Synod intro- 
duced only a “qualified acknowledgment of the Augsburg Confession in 
the constitution of her Theological Seminary.” In his reply to Dr. Mann 
he says that the points in dispute ‘are all such as are left free to the indi- 


169 


HISTORY OB GETTYSBURG, SEMINARY. 


vidual judgment, both by the constitution of the General Synod and that 
of her Theological Seminary.” As to the positions taken in the Plat- 
form he insists that “they are the same inculcated in our Popular The- 
ology twenty-one years ago and in our different works published 
since * that) tines; 
The friends of the Platform claimed the. Gettys- 
Rival Claims burg Seminary as their own. The editor of the Luth- 
eran Observer set forth that there are three parties of 
Lutherans in America, the first being “the true American Lutherans headed 
by Gettysburg and the Lutheran Observer. This body is unquestionably the 
largest, most learned and most efficient. . . . We use the word Gettys- 
burg as representative of the American Lutheran Church.” He even sought 
to prove by statistics that the best products of the Seminary were the 
result of revivals and other “new measures.” Dr. Schmucker contented 
himself with the position that ‘the Seminary at Gettysburg was erected by 
the hands of American Lutherans.” Others registered emphatic protests 
against these claims. Whatever the merits of these different statements 
concerning the Seminary’s past, in 1855 the issue was clearly this: 
Would the Gettysburg Seminary change its theology to conform to the 
changes in the Church, or would the Gettysburg Seminary change the 
Church back to the positions of 1825 and 1829? 
At this stage the matter came to the official notice of 


Effort to the Seminary Board of Directors. Already in 1855, 
Impeach hefore it was certainly known that Dr. Schmucker was 
Schmucker the author of the Definite Platform, several voices 


had been raised to call for an investigation at Gettys- 
burg. For example, the Lutherischer Herold of New York had called on 
the Synod of Pennsylvania to inquire through its members on the Sem- 
inary Board whether the professors or students at Gettysburg might not 
be implicated in the “Platform.” And Dr. Schmucker had remarked in 
reply: “So little do some of these foreigners, even when good, know how 
to appreciate the liberties of America, either civil or religious, so imper- 
fectiy dc they understand the liberal principles of the General Synod.” 
Now in 1857 Dr. Brown made formal representations to the Board of 
Directors charging the Professor of Theology with violation of his pro- 
fessorial oath and calling for his impeachment. But even the partisans of 
conservative Lutheranism saw the folly of such a proceeding and no im- 
peachment trial was held. It was a sufficient answer to the charges when 
the Board at that session ordered all the professors to pronounce and sub- 
scribe the constitutional oath of office. 

The battle over the Definite Platform died out, but it left its scars 
on the Seminary. From the German element in the General Synod and 
from the German language press of the entire Church it had brought a 
fusillade of fiery darts against the entire institution at Gettysburg. Among 


170 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


those to whom the Seminary had a right to look for support it brought 
divisions and in some cases downright alienation. Its most serious effect 
was to diminish the influence of Dr. Schmucker in the 


Church. The emphatic rejection of the Platform left Schmucker’s 
the advocates of ‘American Lutheranism” in a hope- Influence 
less minority and the General Synod was about to de- Wanes 


velop new leaders. The times had changed greatly since 
1825 and even 1845, and they were still changing. Neither the official 
directorate of the Seminary nor its alumni would any longer follow im- 
plicitly the lead of the distinguished founder of the school. 

Meanwhile a development had begun within the institution that was 
destined before long to lead to complete internal disruption. This came 
through the co-operation of the Pennsylvania Minis- 


terium in its affairs. During the first thirty years of Franklin 
the Seminary the Pennsylvania Ministerium was not College 
connected with the General Synod and so had no official Transferred 


relations with the institution, but throughout that period, 

as we have seen, the Seminary owed very much to the support of influential 
individuals in the Ministerium. Gradually the Ministerium itself, as it 
developed its resources and grew in Lutheran consciousness, came to 
realize the need for a college and seminary. It had a one-third interest in 
Franklin College at Lancaster, but this school, as we have seen, had yielded 
nothing for the ranks of Lutheran ministers. Moreover, the Reformed 
Synod wished to establish there its denominational school. In 1850, there- 
fore, through the efforts of Dr. Schmucker and other Trustees of Pennsyl- 
vania College, the [Lutheran interest in Franklin College was transferred 
to the College at Gettysburg for the endowment of the Franklin Profes- 
sorship of Ancient Languages. The amount that Gettysburg received by 
this transfer was $17,169.61. The Lutheran trustees of Franklin College, 
nearly all of whom were members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, were 
transferred to the Board of Pennsylvania College, and Dr. F. A. Muhlen- 
berg, a great-grandson of the Lutheran patriarch, came from Lancaster to 
become the first professor on the new endowment at Gettysburg. The right 
to nominate future incumbents of the chair was vested in the Ministerium 
of Pennsylvania. Thus the Ministerium came to be officially connected with 
one of the institutions at Gettysburg and the number of students from 
east of the Susquehanna and the congregations of the old Synod increased. 

The next step was official co-operation in the work 


of the Seminary at Gettysburg. For many years the Pennsylvania 
Ministerium had discussed the desirability of establish- Ministerium 
ing a seminary or using one of those already established. Needs a 
As early as 1842 it endorsed the Theological Seminary Seminary 


of the Ohio Synod, at Columbus, Ohio, and the next 
year elected four men to act as directors of the Ohio institution. But the 


171 


HISTORY? OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


constitution of the Columbus school limited the number of its directors 
to eight, and the Pennsylvania representatives could not be seated. So in 
1845 the Ministerium annulled its action concerning the seminary in Ohio, 
and no funds or students were sent there. Four years later an effort was 
made to establish a seminary on the territory of the Ministerium. Allen- 
town was chosen as the place and Dr. C. R. Demme, of Philadelphia, was 
elected as the theological instructor. But Dr. Demme declined to serve, 
and in 1848 the project was abandoned as impracticable. The Ministerium 
now began to look towards Gettysburg for the training of its theological 

students. 
There was now no longer the dread of absolutism and increased taxation 
from theological seminaries that’ in 1823 had frightened so many in the 
Ministerium, but there was now some doubt about the 


Looking proper attention to German at Gettysburg. This it was 
Towards sought to allay by calling Dr. Hazelius and Dr. Schmidt 
Gettysburg as “German professors,’ by emphasizing constantly the 


German instruction in the institution, and by pointing 
to the large proportion of its graduates who preached German. The con- 
fessional developments within the Pennsylvania Ministerium had been such 
that there was also fear of the doctrinal position of the Gettysburg pro- 
fessor of theology. However, as the conservative wing of the General 
Synod increased in strength and decision there were prospects of a change 
in the dominant influence at Gettysburg. If the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
could have a man of its own, that is, a man of pronounced conservative 
views, to teach theology at Gettysburg’ in the German language, it was 
thought that a change in the atmosphere of that institution would be as- 
sured. Thus the eyes of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania were turned 
towards the Seminary at Gettysburg. 

Upon the failure of the Pennsylvania Ministerium’s effort in 1846 to 
establish its own seminary, the Board of the Gettysburg Seminary sent Dr. 

Schmucker and Dr. Morris, president of the Board, as 
Demme Elected official representatives to the meeting of the Ministerium 

in 1848. These Gettysburg representatives called 
the attention of the Ministerium to the Seminary already established and 
“assured the synod of the willingness of the directors of that institution to 
adopt every possible means in order to secure the friendly co-operation of 
their body.” After some negotiations the Ministerium decided the next 
year to accept the offer of the Gettysburg Board and to contribute an- 
nually from three to four hundred dollars for the support of a German pro- 
fessor, provided “such a one be appointed as will be satisfactory to us and 
as long as he continues there.’ The Ministerium nominated Dr. Demme 
for the professorship. At its next meeting the Gettysburg Board unani- 
mously elected Dr. Demme to the “second professorship’ made vacant by 
Dr. Hay’s resignation and fixed his salary and defined his department. To 


172 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


the great regret of the Ministerium and the Seminary Board, Dr. Demme 
declined the election and the official connection of the Ministerium with the 
Seminary was not consummated. 

In 1850 the Pennsylvania Ministerium renewed the suggestion of 1830 
that the Seminary send to Germany for the incumbent of its “second pro- 
fessorship.” This suggestion the Seminary Board 
placed in the hands of a committee, the chairman of No Professor 
which was young Charles Porterfield Krauth, then a from Germany 
director from the Synod of Virginia. The committee re- 
ported adversely on the suggestion and the Board so acted. -At the same 
meeting the Board elected Dr. Charles Philip Krauth as “second profes- 
sor” and sent a committee to the Pennsylvania Ministerium to explain “the 
doings of the Board” and to “solicit their pecuniary aid.” 

By this time the Ministerium had become officially identified with the 
College at Gettysburg by endowing the Franklin Professorship, and in addi- 
tion had determined to establish a professorship of Ger- 


man language and literature in the College. The com- The Minis- 
mittee from the Seminary asked that the new professor terium’s Pro- 
of German at the College be requested also “to impart fessorship at 
theological instruction in the Seminary in the German Gettysburg 


language.” This the Ministerium agreed to do, pro- 

vided the Seminary Board would acknowledge the German professor as a 
member of the Seminary Faculty on a par with the other members. This 
condition was accepted, and the Ministerium placed Rev. Benjamin Keller 
in the field as agent to secure the necessary funds. Such success attended 
his efforts that in 1854 the Ministerium felt warranted in choosing the 
professor. 

In the meantime the Pennsylvania Ministerium had reunited with the 
General Synod and had chosen five men as directors of the Seminary at 
Gettysbury. This reunion of the Ministerium with the 
general body was suggested by the co-operation of the Mann Declines 
Ministerium in the work of Pennsylvania College and 
was inspired partly by the hope of taking part in the management of the Sem- 
inary at Gettysburg. Other factors had helped to enlist the interest of the 
Ministerium in the Seminary, such as the birth of the Evangelical Review 
at Gettysburg and its decided stand for confessional Lutheranism, the choice 
of Dr. Krauth, Sr., as a full professor, the election of Dr. Baugher as 
president of the College, the Franklin Professorship, and the many voices 
raised among the alumni on behalf of historical Lutheranism. Moreover, 
within the Seminary directorate there was great deference to the wishes 
of the Ministerium. When the Ministerium in 1854 nominated Dr. W. J. 
Mann to be the German professor at Gettysburg, the Seminary Board at 
once unanimously elected him “a member of the Faculty of the Seminary.” 


173 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


When Dr. Mann declined the office the Ministerium the next year nomi- 
nated Dr. C; F. Schaeffer, 
While Dr. Schaeffer was considering whether or not to accept the nom- 
ination, he learned that the Faculty at Gettysburg expected him to teach 
only the German language and not to give instruction in 
Schaeffer theology. So he declined the nomination. But at a 
Accepts special meeting of the Ministerium two months later to 
discuss this matter, it was decided to insist upon the right 
of the German professor in the Seminary to teach “the various departments 
of theology” in the German language, and the hope was expressed “that 
all difficulties will be removed by the fraternal conduct and agreement of 
the professors of the Seminary and by a cheerful subordination to the 
necessities of the students, who are at the same time the students of the 
Church.” The Seminary Board “cheerfully assented” to the terms laid 
down by the Ministerium and immediately by unanimous vote elected Dr. 
Schaeffer as “The German Theological Professor.” Dr. Schaeffer was 
himself a member of the Board and at once accepted the election to the 
Faculty. He took charge in the summer of 1856 and thus the Seminary 
was furnished with a third professor. 
The arrangement under which Dr. Schaeffer taught at the Seminary 
was never satisfactory. Difficulties arose at once. Under the circumstances 
it could not be otherwise. For Dr. Schaeffer was a pro- 
Schaeffer’s nounced symbolist, one of the most rigidly orthodox 
Position in the whole Ministerium, and he expected to use the 
: German language to give instruction in all the the- 
ological branches. He had married Dr. Schmucker’s sister, but there was 
a wide divergence of theological view between him and his brother-in-law. 
Dr. Schaeffer had learned theology from his father, Dr. F: D. Schaeffer, 
and Dr. C. R. Demme. For three years he had taught all branches of 
theology in the seminary at Columbus, Ohio. In 1853, when the Minis- 
terium joined the General Synod, it was he who wrote the report of the 
committee appointed by the Ministerium to define ‘The Confession of the 
Evangelical Lutheran Church.” This report was printed in the Evan- 
gelical Review and covered twenty-five pages. It defined the “confession” 
as meaning all the symbolical books and set forth that “the doctrinal sys- 
tem of the Church is that system, whole and entire, which is taught in” 
the entire Book of Concord. It sought to show that this definition ‘‘cor- 
responds to the uniform usage of the Church.” Such teachings would, of 
course, be at sharp variance with the views taught by the other “the- 
ological professor” in the Seminary. There were many forebodings of 
difficulty in the new situation. 
Dr. Schaeffer was formally inducted into office as Seminary professor 
in April, 1856. It is significant that Rev. John Ulrich, as the representative 
of the Directors in delivering the installation charge to the Professor, called 


174 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


attention to the fact that “As a Church in this country, we are doubtless 
approaching an important crisis. The connecting link which your appoint- 
ment forms between the two parties in our Church will 
invest you with a power and influence of unusual mag- The Installation 
nitude. I charge you therefore .... to labor to allay Charge 
the gathering storm, to pour oil on the troubled 
waters.” He spoke of the possible difficulties in the peculiar ar- 
rangement of the work of the Professor and strongly counseled harmony in 
the Faculty. “I charge you to guard your divinity students against a 
frost-bound formalism and the stereotyped ceremonies of a dead ecclesiast- 
ical routine.” He pleaded for the cultivation of personal piety among the 
German students, and warned against any attempt to secure unconditional 
subscription to all or any one of the Symbols. ‘Those who can give an 
ex animo subscription to every jot and tittle of the confessions should have 
the privilege to do so, but if others can conscientiously do so only sub- 
stantially, the same liberty should be given to them.” 

In his inaugural address Dr. Schaeffer took a turn through the history 
of theology, particularly the doctrine of Christ’s Person. In closing he 
mentioned each of the symbolical books in terms of warm 


commendation and showered special praise on the For- Schaeffer’s 
mula of Concord. “May the time be not far distant Frank 
when the Church in this country will understand its Inaugural 


proper position and its true task. Then it will re- 
ceive a new baptism of the power that comes through faith and then it will 
accept the entire Book of Concord not only as a banner to be followed 
but also as a formative influence in the spiritual lives of its individual mem- 
bers. That time will come.” This frank statement of his position he said 
he was constrained to make in the interest of conscience and sincerity, no 
matter what might be the requirements of politeness or outward propriety. 
At the very time of this inauguration the controversy about the Definite 
Platform was at its height and Dr. Schaeffer was outspoken in his oppo- 
sition. But personalities among the professors were 


studiously avoided. As they taught different groups of Schmucker 
students, Dr. Schaeffer the German-speaking students Pleads for 
and Dr. Schmucker the English-speaking students, the Tolerance 


debate was not carried into the classrooms, however much 

it may have raged around the students on the campus. Dr. Schmucker was 
magnanimous and pleaded for tolerance. “The course pursued by the min- 
isters of the General Synod,” he wrote, “has always been a liberal one. 
They have freely expressed their sentiments on these disputed topics, and 
cheerfully conceded to others the same liberty. This principle pervades 
the Constitution of the General Synod and of her Seminary. Even within 
the last few weeks the Directors of the Seminary have listened to a vindi- 
cation of the entire symbolic system, in the inaugural of their German the- 


175 


HISRHORY: OF (GEDPTYSBURGASEMINA KY 


ological professor, and resolved to publish it, although it advocates some 
views rejected by the majority of the Board, and by the other members of 
the Faculty. After such a specimen of liberality, we may well hope that 
the propriety of any of the other professors advocating the doctrines, which 
have from the beginning been taught in the institution, will be conceded 

Dy hale 
The work under the new arrangement began at once. The German 
grammar was no longer taught at the Seminary. Efforts were made to 
compel all ministerial students at the College to study 


Schaeffer’s German under Dr. Schaeffer. At the Seminary those 
Position who professed to understand only German had all their 
Difficult studies under Dr. Schaeffer. That included about one- 


third of the student body. Dr. Schaeffer, a month after 
his work had started, reported to the Pennsylvania Ministerium that the 
professors had manifested a very friendly disposition and had shown him 
every possible courtesy, but he also pointed out the great difficulties in 
his position at Gettysburg. The Seminary Directors in the fall felt it 
necessary to define the titles and the branches of the several departments 
and rejoiced that they could do this “to the entire satisfaction of all the 
professors.” 
Then the troubles began. In 1857 Dr. Schaeffer complained to the Min- 
isterium on several counts, particularly because he “occupied a very narrow 
sphere of action in the Seminary.” The Seminary, he 
Troubles Begin — said, had only ten or eleven students and of these only 
two understood German well enough to attend 
his lectures. The Ministerium petitioned the Directors to “permit the other 
professors to dispense with some of the less important studies in English 
in favor of the German language and theology.” But the Directors after 
much debate refused to deviate from the original arrangement. 
The next year the total number of students in the 


Schmucker Seminary increased to twenty-five, and ten of them were 
Tries to German students. The Ministerium now sought to have 
Harmonize Dr. Schaeffer entirely released from his duties in the 


College so that he might give all his time to the Sem- 
inary. This brought sharp conflict in the Seminary Board. Dr. Schmucker 
submitted a new plan intended “to harmonize the operations of the Sem- 
inary.” This differed in principle from the original agreement with the 
Pennsylvania Ministerium. It assigned particular subjects to each pro- 
fessor, allowng Dr. Schmucker nine hours, Dr. Krauth ten hours and Dr. 
Schaeffer seven hours, each instructor to use what language he might 
choose. Arguing for this plan Dr. Schmucker wrote: “Under the exist- 
ing regulations, we have virtually two Seminaries, the English students 
paying no attention to the German, and the Germans but little to the Eng- 
lish language. The Germans thus fail to become Americanized, nothing is 


176 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


done for the German language, and the entire separation of the students 
is not favorable to the promotion of brotherly love.’ The new arrange- 
ment was adopted by the Directors, but not without the registered protest 
of the Directors from the Ministerium who declared the procedure uncon- 
stitutional. 

When the action of the Directors was reported to the Ministerium to- 
gether with the statement that the majority of the German students had 
withdrawn from the Seminary at once, the Ministerium 


resolved to renew its demand that Dr. Schaeffer be au- The 
thorized to give instruction to the German students in Ministerium 
all theological branches, failing which a special meeting Threatens a 
of the Ministerium was to be called to establish “the New Seminary 


German branch of the Gettysburg Theological Semi- 

nary” in some other locality. The committee that suggested this action con- 
sisted of Dr. Benjamin Keller, chairman; Dr. W. J. Mann and Dr. C. W. 
Schaeffer, nephew of the Professor. 

The Seminary Directors yielded. Dr. Schaeffer had eight students that 
year in all branches, and he reported that he had fulfilled the duties of his 
office “with the utmost satisfaction.” But in spite of 
these assurances, the Ministerium in 1860 because of The Breach 
“the remoteness of the institution’ appointed a com- Postponed 
mittee to consider “the propriety of the establish- 
ment of a new institution of learning within the bounds of this Synod,” 
“Where the great mass of our Lutheran population resides.” The commit- 
tee the next year reported a plan for a theological seminary either at 
Allentown under Dr. Schaeffer or in Philadelphia under the pastors of that 
city, but the Civil War had now begun and the Ministerium resolved “that 
the times and circumstances render it inadvisable at this time.’ Thus the 
break was postponed for a few years, but the president of the Ministerium 
every year expressed his regret that the professorship at Gettysburg was 
yielding so few pastors for the German congregations, and Dr. Schaeffer 
in his annual report continued to complain about the “unfavorable circum- 
stances” surrounding the German theological students and “the insufficient 
arrangements in our Seminary at Gettysburg for the thorough training of 
our young men for the work of the ministry.” The cause of the friction 
between the Ministerium and the rest of the Seminary constituency was 
not removed. 

Meanwhile on the campus of the Seminary invidious distinctions were 
being made between the German students and the English or “American” 
students. They constituted two distinct groups in the 
classrooms and this tended to a lack of friendliness out- Invidious 
side. There was many an impromptu debate on the Distinctions 
confessional question, the German students invariably 
taking the conservative or ‘“‘symbolist” side. The barrier of language was 


177 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


always present. The German students as a group were not so well equipped 
in preliminary training as the others, but they applied themselves more 
diligently. They entered the institution irrespective of the Seminary cal- 
endar, and they usually did not wait for graduation, but left whenever con- 
gregations called them. Then, too, the Education Society of the Pennsyl- 
vania Ministerium did not support its beneficiaries so adequately as others 
were supported, and this made a distinction in their manner of living. 
Some of the Directors sought to create the impres- 
Irritation sion that the German students were better equipped on 
Points leaving the Seminary than the others. For example, Dr. 
Benjamin Keller and two other Directors from the Penn- 
sylvania Ministerium reported in 1862 concerning the public examination 
at the Seminary: ‘‘The students in their answers gave general satisfaction ; 
but this was more especially true in reference to the German students. 
Why this was so, the undersigned are not prepared to say. The fact, how- 
ever, was clearly manifest that the young men in the German Depart- 
ment answered uniformly with promptness, intelligence and accuracy.” 
As if in reply to this implication that the work of 


Contrast in Dr. Schaeffer's department was of a higher grade than 
Methods of that of the other departments, Dr. Schmucker two 
Teaching months later made a statement to the Directors detail- 


ing the work in his own department. The statement is 
worth recording here, not only because it shows the state of feeling in the 
teaching staff but also because it indicates what must have been Dr. Schaef- 
fer’s method of teaching and at the same time affords a clear view of Dr. 
Schmucker’s courses and methods of teaching during this period. ‘During 
the past year,” he wrote, “the seniors have been instructed, 1. In systematic 
theology, in which, in addition to the text-book which is rigidly recited, 
and occasional lectures on important topics in the course, I also assign to 
each member of the class some distinguished Lutheran or other author, 
contained in our valuable library and my own; requiring him to read the 
author on the topic then occupying the attention of the class, and prepare 
an abstract, which is read for the benefit of the whole class. Thus they form 
an acquaintance with numerous distinguished authors, which may be of 
service to them in the future. 2. The seniors have also attended to lec- 
tures on Church government and discipline, and studied the Formula of the 
General Synod. 3. They have also paid attention to dogmatic history. 4. 
They completed the study of homiletics during the year and prepared a 
skeleton per week and a sermon every three weeks during the last session. 
5. They in connexion with the juniors engaged in regular debates and 
speeches during the entire year, every alternate week. 

“The juniors during the year were taken, 1. Through the entire course 
of apologetics. 2. Studied psychology in its special application to theology. 
3. Heard a course of lectures on theological encyclopedia and methodology. 

178 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


4. Studied the character and refutation of the different systems of modern 
infidelity, such as atheism, different theories of development—theories of 
pantheism—theories of materialism—of chance—and of skepticism and 
certitude. 5. The Juniors also commenced the subject of systematic the- 
ology and passed over more than one-third of the system, pursuing the same 
method of study above stated concerning the seniors. 6. They have also 
attended to the science of dogmatic history. 

“From this statement it must be evident that the course of instruction 
is an extended one in my department, as much so I believe as in any 
similar institution of our land; and five times as extensive as if it had 
been confined to lectures delivered to the class and written down by them. 
As half the time must be occupied in examining the class on the previous 
lecture, no class could take down more than what would amount to 2 or 
at most 300 pages of printed 8vo matter in one department per year. Now 
if in the examination, the questions are confined to these lectures, it is evi- 
dent the students would be able to answer them more promptly than if 
they extended over ten times as many pages; although the general acquain- 
tance of the student with the field of knowledge would be less. These 
remarks and illustrations we make in order that the examination [‘of the 
English students’ is crossed out] in the Department of Christian Theology 
may be impartially estimated by the Board.” 

The report of the Ministerium Directors implying that the German 
students were better trained than the English was sharply resented as a 
disrespectful reflection on the “two old, faithful and 
well-qualified English professors” and their students. Attacks on 
An editorial in the Lutheran Observer declared that the Schaeffer 
report should have said “that the German young men 
answered in stentorian voice and bellowed so harshly as to grate on the 
nerves and shock the sensibilities of the audience.” In this connection it is 
interesting to note that an alumnus of the Seminary writing in praise of 
all the professors in 1860 said concerning Dr. Schaeffer: “He is represented 
to be an able theologian and a most worthy Christian gentleman. He is, 
I believe, somewhat deaf, which instead of being viewed as a defect, 
should rather be regarded as a qualification, since the students must of 
necessity learn to speak loud and distinctly. If there were a law compelling 
the professors in all the theological schools in the land to be a little deaf, 
the pulpits of the country might perhaps be filled with better speakers.” 
But the Lutheran Observer in its references to Dr. Schaeffer was often far 
from complimentary, and odious comparisons of the two groups in the 
Seminary, their teachers and their students, often fell from tongue and pen. 

These many points of irritation among the constituency of the Seminary, 
the Directors, the alumni, the teachers, and the students, interfered with 
the proper functioning of the institution during this period. For one thing, 
the number of students was always disappointing. The period began with 


179 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG ;SEMINARY 


twelve students and the average attendance for the two decades was little 
more than twenty. Only once, namely, in 1859 with thirty-two students, 
did the school surpass the high mark that had been 


Number of reached in 1841 when there were thirty-one. This lack 
Students of students was a constant subject of discussion among 
Declines the friends of the institution and many efforts were made 


to stimulate a higher attendance. But with little avail. 
The general situation in the Church militated against the concen- 
tration of all the students of theology at any one institution. Gettys- 
burg became a theological battlefield. Ministerial students everywhere were 
alive to the doctrinal debate. Those of a very conservative disposition 
turned away from Gettysburg because of the liberal position and influence 
of Dr. Schmucker and the provisions of the Seminary’s constitution. Those 
of a very liberal attitude turned away because of the increasingly conservy- 
ative character of the other teachers there. From extremists on both sides 
caine the suggestion that the Seminary ought to be abandoned and the old 
method of private tutoring used again. In some cases the suggestion was 
acted on, so that the Alumni Association of the Seminary felt constrained 
to publish an elaborate argument against private tutoring and in favor 
of institutional training as a method of ministerial education. Several times 
also there were complaints that Lutheran students for the ministry were 
attending non-Lutheran seminaries. 
The number of students was further diminished dur- 


Epidemic ing the early part of this period by serious sickness in 
Among the Seminary. During the winter of 1846-1847 an epi- 
Students demic of malignant typhoid fever broke out among the 


students and four deaths occurred. There was sharp 
division of opinion among the Directors and among the medical authorities 
as to the cause of the trouble. These dissenting views were voiced in 
the press and gave unfortunate publicity to the matter. At the behest of 
the Directors, Dr. Schmucker in February, 1847, issued a circular giving 
a history of the sickness and establishing the fact that it could not have 
originated from anything connected with the locality or structure of the 
Seminary building. Better means of ventilation were installed and an 
annual course of lectures on personal hygiene was instituted. The trouble 
did not recur, but for several years it tended to diminish the attendance of 
students. 
Doubtless the chief cause of the small number of students is to be found 
in the rise of other theological schools in our Church. When the Gettysburg 
Seminary was first established there was only one other 
Other Semi- Lutheran institution in the country professing to train 
naries Arising ministers. That was Hartwick, and it was so far away 
and so different in nature that there was no competi- 
tion whatever between the two schools, and most friendly relations 


180 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


existed. But with the passing of the years other institutions arose and after 
a while they began to trench somewhat on Gettysburg’s solitary control of 
the field of theological education. First came the Synod of South Carolina 
with its seminary at Lexington and afterwards at Newberry. Then came 
the Synod of Ohio with its seminary at Columbus. A little later Witten- 
berg College and Seminary opened its doors and began its aggressive 
career. Then under the name of Illinois State University there was estab- 
lished at Springfield, Illinois, a college with a theological department. The 
founding of the institutions by the Scandinavians and the Germans of 
Missouri, Iowa and Buffalo, had no effect on Gettysburg as they served a 
very different constituency. But of the other institutions we have 
mentioned each claimed for itself a small corner of the field that Gettys- 
burg had sought to culivate. The subtraction was felt very slightly at 
first, but increasingly with the years. Throughout this period the Sem- 
inary at Gettysburg was easily the largest and best endowed. Neverthe- 
less its field was becoming more and more restricted and its standing in 
the eyes of the entire Church was now the standing of one among many. 
The multiplication of institutions without a corre- 


sponding increase in the total number of theological Removal from 
students naturally called forth some demands for econ-_ Gettysburg 
omy. Several times the suggestion was made that while Suggested 


colleges might be territorial, the seminaries ought all 

to be consolidated. Those suggestions always came from friends of Gettys- 
burg and proposed consolidation of the weaker seminaries at the home of 
the strongest. The suggestions received little attention. But after the 
Pennsylvania Ministerium re-united with the General Synod and began to 
co-operate in the Gettysburg schools the proposal was several times made 
that the Seminary at Gettysburg should be removed to some more central 
location. In 1854 the subject of removal was widely discussed and the 
usual arguments pro and contra were submitted. Against Gettysburg was 
argued its inaccessibility and its distance from the center of Lutheran 
population. In favor of Gettysburg was argued its history and equipment 
and its remoteness from the distractions of town and city. It is notice- 
able, however, that when the railroad from Hanover to Gettysburg was 
completed in 1858, the institutions at Gettysburg officially participated in 
the rejoicing. The suggestion of removal was officially presented to the 
Directors of the Seminary in the fall of 1854. It received a “decided neg- 


” 


ative,’ and for forty years it was not seriously renewed. 

Many efforts were made to increase the attendance Efforts to 
at the Seminary. Appeals were issued from the pulpit Increase 
and through the press. Special energy was applied to Attendance 


the work of the Parent Education Society and its aux- 
iliaries in the hope of being able to support more beneficiaries. But all in 
vain. No external device could remedy the “paucity of students.” It was 


181 


HISTORY OF .GETTYSBURG ‘SEMINARY 


a general condition of the times. Other Churches, such as the Presby- 
terian and the Congregationalist, had internal problems similar to those 
that distracted the Lutheran Church and their seminaries showed the effect. 
Princeton and Alleghany, Yale and Andover, all bemoaned their decrease in 
attendance. It was a problem that awaited the birth of a new period for 
its solution. 

It is significant also that the financial growth of the Seminary during 
this period did not meet expectations. The chief agency for increasing the 

funds of the institution was the Alumni Association. 
A Mounting During the first three years of its existence, we have 
Debt seen, the Association recorded subscriptions for endow- 
ment and current expenses that totaled more than 
$15,000. These efforts were continued during the first part of the period 
now under review. Agents were kept in the field, the professors canvassed 
for funds, individual alumni were asked to help, but the amounts that were 
gathered each year steadily diminished until in 1857 it was only seventy 
dollars. Then the financial efforts of the Alumni Association ceased for 
nearly ten years and the only attempt made to increase the funds of the 
Seminary were the unsystematic appeals of pastors in their own congre- 
gations. These did not yield much, and the salaries of the Seminary pro- 
fessors during this period never reached a thousand dollars. To make the 
necessary repairs on the Seminary property the treasurer was obliged to 
assume a debt, which in 1861 amounted to $2000. Then the vice president 
was authorized to attend the meetings of the supporting synods and secure 
small subsidies to liquidate the debt and provide a contingent fund for cur- 
rent expenses. In this way the Seminary was tided over the period of the 
Civil War. The funds gathered by Dr. Benjamin Keller and Professor 
Schaeffer for the endowment of the German Theological Professorship 
and for the purchase of the German professor’s house in Gettysburg were 
kept by the Pennsylvania Ministerium and did not increase the assets in 
the hands of the Seminary treasurer. 
The slow increase in the funds of the Seminary dur- 
Alumni Cold ing this period was due in part to the alienation of many 
of the alumni. Both the extreme right and the extreme 
left were dissatisfied with the theology taught at the Seminary, and they 
felt the future to be uncertain. Some of the pastors, therefore, reported 
that they found it unpleasant to try to collect the money that had been sub- 
scribed. The agents of the Alumni Association sometimes reported that 
they found their way blocked so that they could gain no access to many of 
the congregations. 

Moreover, among the friends and supporters of Gettysburg, the College 
was now constantly making its appeals. After 1850, when Dr. Baugher 
was president of the College and Dr. Schmucker in charge of the Seminary, 
the relation between the two institutions was in some respects almost that 


182 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


of’ competition. This was doubtless the significance of Dr. Baugher’s public 
statement in 1851 that “the Theological Seminary at 
Gettysburg has been comfortably endowed” and_ that The College 
therefore the Church should now turn its support to the Appeals 
College, remarking, however, that “in doing this we 
would not encroach on the domain of any other like institution.” 
Not the least of the factors that interfered with the financial prosperity 
of the Seminary was the economic depression which spread over the country 
in 1857 and 1858. The staple crops in a large part of 
the country were a failure. There was much financial Economic 
stringency and many banks suspended operations. The Depression 
benevolent work of the Church suffered greatly and the | 
agents of educational institutions had little success in their appeals. 
The country had scarcely recovered from this financial panic when it was 
plunged into the turmoil of Civil War, and again for some years the times 
were most unfavorable for improving the finan- 
ces of benevolent institutions. When at last 
the clouds of battle lifted, the Seminary at 
Gettysburg had drifted into more rapid waters 
and a new and different period in its life had 
begun. 

For during the closing years of the War 
great changes had taken place in the Seminary 
Faculty. Dr. Schmucker had 
resigned and retired. His Schmucker 
resignation as_ theological Resigns 
professor and chairman of 
the Faculty was an exceedingly important event 
and marked an epoch in the history of the 
Seminary. Dr. Schmucker was only sixty-five SAMUEL SIMON 
years old and he still had nearly ten years of SCHMUCKER 
active life before him. But he had labored As he appeared at the t:me 
long and hard, he had worked year after Mig shi agate 
year without intermission, his health had several times been im- 
paired, and he was now feeling the weight of the years. This 
was the chief reason for his resignation. In the touching — letter 
that he wrote to the Directors August 9, 1864, when he presented his 
resignation, he referred to the men who had co-operated with him forty 
years before in establishing the Seminary and said: “Many of these dear 
brethren have entered into the eternal world before me, and it cannot be 
very long before some of us will be called to join them.” He set forth 
three reasons that influenced him in tendering his resignation at that time. 
“1. The gradual and natural increase of the infirmities of age. I formerly 
thought no man ought to hold such a responsible and laborious post as that 


183 





* 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


assigned me after he had passed the meridian vigor of life, say fifty, or at 
most sixty years of age, but should assume some easier post and there labor 
years longer. But as I successively passed these periods, I was not con- 
scious myself of any marked decline of vigor, and therefore have retained 
the post, which I, however, now feel it a duty to resign to younger and 
more active hands, whilst I propose to labor for the Kingdom of my God 
and Savior in various ways, especially by literary efforts . .. 2. A 
desire to have more time at command than my duties in the Seminary 
allowed me for the execution of some literary enterprises, which I hope 
may redound to the glory of God and the benefit of His Church. 3. I have 
also, after having looked at the state of the Church for several years, 
thought the present as favorable a time as would soon be offered, to elect 
a successor who would carry on the work to which my life has been de- 
voted, in the same liberal spirit in which this institution was founded and 
has been thus far conducted: granting liberty of opinion in regard 
to those non-fundamental points on which the churches of the Gen- 
eral Synod claim and exercise this right.” 
The third reason which Dr. Schmucker assigns for 
His Leadership his resignation is highly significant. The “state of the 
Gone Church” seriously involved his Seminary and his own 
personal influence. In the battle over the confessions 
he had fought most valiantly. But he had lost. The weight of numbers 
was all against him. The Church had changed in many ways since 1826. 
It had changed immensely and beyond recall. In the Board of Directors, 
on the Faculty, among the alumni, among his relatives and in his own 
family, the battle had gone against him. His sublime position of solitary 
leadership was gone. As his son has put it: “The unhappy Definite Plat- 
form controversy. . . . alienated from him many former friends and 
clouded the evening of his days.” Dr. Schmucker realized that the spirit 
of internal discord was abroad in the land, that it prevailed in the Lutheran 
Church as in the other Churches, and that it brooded over the affairs of 
the Seminary at Gettysburg. The spirit of strife was interfering with the 
inner workings of his beloved institution and with its continued growth. 
He honestly believed that younger shoulders might more successfully bear 
the burden and a new hand at the helm might direct the school into more 
placid waters. These considerations led him to resign. 
As late as 1861 the charge had been renewed that he 
His Theology had changed his. theological position and so had violated 
Unchanged his professor’s oath. The charge was made in a lengthy 
article published in The Lutheran and claiming to come 
from one of the Directors of the Seminary. Some of Dr. Schmucker’s 
friends retorted in sharp terms in the columns of the Observer. Dr. 
Schmucker himself replied calmly but vigorously, proving that his doc- 
trinal position had not changed. The controversy extended to the pages 


184 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


of the Missionary and the Olive Branch and only subsided with the out- 
break of the Civil War. If Dr. Schmucker had retained his post the 
close of the War would certainly have brought a renewal of confessional 
hostility against him. This would have meant more controversy, for he 
never allowed an attack upon his position to go unanswered. Coolly and 
confidently he replied to every critic and finally in his letter of resignation 
proved once more his faithfulness to his vow and his consistency in his 
theology. This he did, as he said, “in justice to the Institution and myself, 
and in view of the future history of the Institution and the Church.” Dr. 
Schmucker may have become weary of body in serving the Seminary, but 
he was unbroken in spirit. He may have seen himself in a hopeless 
minority, but he was sure he was right. Only his conviction that under all 
the circumstances some other hand might now serve his Seminary better 
than his own brought forth his resignation. 

In accepting Dr. Schmucker’s resignation the Board of Directors paid 
a glowing tribute to his eminent merit in founding the Seminary and build- 
ing it up. And well they might. Thirty-eight years 
he had spent in active service for the Seminary, and His Work for 
through all that time the institution was never out of the Seminary 
his thoughts. More than four hundred ministers had gone 
out from the school, and all but a very few had been moulded by his guid- 
-ing hand. The library he had helped to build up to nearly 11,000 volumes. 
Out of a Church that before 1826 had never raised $500 for any benev- 
olent object except the Orphan House at Halle, he had gathered more than 
$25,000 for the institution. His position as teacher he had always filled 
with great credit and his position as administrator with dignity and merit. 
The Directors therefore recorded “the universal sentiment of gratitude 
which is felt to be due to one who has devoted the labors of an ordinary 
lifetime to our beloved institution and who now, amid the increasing in- 
firmities of age, still proposes to consecrate the remnant of an active and 
useful life to the service of the Church in a less conspicuous position.’ At 
the same time they resolved to retain his name in the catalogue of the 
Seminary as “Professor Emeritus” during his lifetime. 

The selection of a successor to Dr. Schmucker was fraught with serious 
possibilities. The Directors realized that the eyes of the whole Church 
were upon them. The matter had been widely dis- 
cussed. Dr. Schmucker’s resignation was not unex- The Question 
pected. For several years there had been hints at the of a Successor 
possibility of having a “‘symbolist” as professor of theol- 
ogy at Gettysburg. When Dr. Schmucker in February, 1864, gave notice that 
he would resign the following August, the speculation concerning his suc- 
cessor became acute. Would the choice of the Directors satisfy the Penn- 
sylvania Ministerium and the rest of the conservative element in the Church 
and so prevent the establishment of another Seminary? The problem had 

185 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


many factors, such as doctrinal position, personality, language and geog- 
raphy. There were many persons who advocated the election of the 
younger Krauth as the teacher of theology at Gettysburg. He had become 
an ardent and profound exponent of the theology of the Lutheran Con- 
fessions. For nearly three years he had been conducting The Lutheran and 
Missionary as its general editor and his articles in that paper were in- 
creasingly conservatizing. His long series of editorials on the Augsburg 
Confession had marked him both as a thorough-going Lutheran and as a 
profound theologian. If he could have been placed in the strategic position 
at Gettysburg the breach in the Church might have been avoided. 
But Charles Porterfield Krauth was now recognized as a partisan ad- 
vocate of the conservative cause. Moreover, his conduct of his paper had 
aroused animosity against him. The possibility of his 
Young Krauth election seemed remote. Several times the complaint 
Desired was uttered that the Pennsylvania Ministerium did not 
have enough representatives on the Gettysburg Board 
of Directors. Early in April there was published in The Lutheran and Mis- 
sionary a list of the names of the Directors of the Seminary for the 
enlightenment of those who were speculating concerning Dr. Schmucker’s 
successor. It was clear from this that Krauth could not be elected. At 
the meeting of the General Synod the next month the Gettysburg profes- 
sorship was thoroughly discussed in private circles and the men of the 
Pennsylvania Ministerium realized clearly that the leading spirits among 
the Gettysburg Directors could not be brought to favor Krauth. Later in 
that convention, the delegation of the. Pennsylvania Ministerium withdrew 
in pretest against the admission of the Franckean Synod. This action 
threatened to disrupt the General Synod and dissipated all hopes that might 
have been cherished concerning a compromise on the Gettysburg chair of 
theology. Accordingly, a few weeks later, the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
in regular session resolved to establish its own theological seminary. At a 
special meeting late in July the Ministerium selected the professors of the 
new seminary and Charles Porterfield Krauth was one of them. The die 
was Cast. 
When, therefore, the Gettysburg Directors assembled in August to elect 
the new professor, Dr. Krauth’s name was not presented. Five men were 
placed in nomination. These were Rev. Milton Valen- 
Brown tine, of Reading; Rev. Dr. J. A. Brown, of York; 
Chosen Rev. Dr. Ey Greenwalt, of Easton; Rev) Prof. G.2r 
Schaeffer, of Gettysburg, and Rev. Dr. C. A. Hay, of 
Harrisburg. After a free interchange of views all of these names were with- 
drawn except that of Dr. Brown. On the first ballot he received all but 
four votes, and on motion of Dr. C. W. Schaeffer, a delegate from the 
Ministerium, the election was made unanimous. 
The selection of Dr. Brown was cordially received by the Church in 


186 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


general. He was tried and proved, in pulpit, in pastorate, and in the 
professor’s chair. He had come into prominence by his vigorous attack 
upon the Definite Platform and its theology. But he 

was no extremist. To the conservative element he was Brown’s 
acceptable because of his valiant service in the fight on Position 
the Definite Platform. To the more liberal element he 

was acceptable because of his moderate views on the matter of confessional 
subscription. He himself had openly declared that he had “no leaning 
towards symbolism and no motive to oppose those who take to themselves 
the name of American Lutherans.” The editor of the Lutheran and Mis- 
stonary complimented him on his “fine abilities, his inflexible conscientious- 
ness, his untiring industry, and his high order of scholarship.” The editor 
of the Lutheran Observer hailed his election with joy and remarked on 
“his thorough scholarship, his soundness as a theologian, his broad view 
of Christian truth, untrammeled by the narrow prejudices of sectarian 
littleness, his evangelical spirit and Christian catholicity.” In some quar- 
ters efforts were made to represent his election as a condemnation of 
Dr. Schmucker, because of their encounter on the question of the Definite 
Platform a decade earlier. But Dr. Schmucker’s friends made it clear that 
there was row no personal animosity between Dr. Schmucker and Dr. 
Brown and that Dr. Schmucker had been one of the warmest advocates 
of Dr. Brown’s election. | 

But Dr. Brown’s election could not prevent disruption in the Seminary 
or in the Church. The Philadelphia Seminary was on the way. The 
Faculty and the Board of Directors had been elected 
and Mr. Charles F. Norton, a son-in-law of Benjamin A New 
Keller, had given the handsome sum of $30,000 to endow Seminary 
the first professorship. Accordingly, this review of 
the period of internal discord in the Gettysburg Seminary cannot close 
without recording a narrative of the internal disruption. 

The founding of the Philadelphia Seminary was not the first definite 
breach in the ranks of the Gettysburg constituency. Already in 1858 the 
Missionary Institute had been established at Selinsgrove, 

Pa. This was largely the work of Dr. Benjamin Kurtz Wants a 
Kurtz, the stormy petrel of “American Lutheranism.” New School 
Dr. Kurtz was very impatient of liturgies and symbols 

and a zealous advocate of revival methods and other so-called “new meas- 
ures.” As editor of the Lutheran Observer for many years he exerted a great 
influence. After the incident of the Definite Platform he felt the tide going 
strongly against “American Lutheranism”; he saw that Dr. Schmucker 
was no longer in control of affairs at Gettysburg, and in 1856 he began 
to argue editorially for a new institution for the training of ministers. 
He who had labored so much on behalf of the Gettysburg Seminary now 
set forth that there was “something wanting.” Colleges and seminaries, 


187 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


he said, were “inadequate instrumentalities” to provide the ministry needed 
for the times. There must be “more effective and expeditious measures.” 
His idea was not to provide an institution that would compete with the 
Seminary at Gettysburg, but one that would supplement it. He had in mind 
particularly married men and unmarried men too old to take a full course, 
men “thoroughly converted and devoutly pious, of good natural sense and 
robust health, not emaciated by sedentary habits,” who might study for a 
few months or a few years, as the case might require, and thus help to meet 
the crying need for more ministers. 

The next year the matter was presented to the Gettys- 


Gettysburg burg Directors. A committee was appointed to prepare 
Will Not a plan for “the establishment of a missionary depart- 
Change ment in connection with this Seminary.’ The report of 


that committee was not adopted and a new committee 
was appointed, with Charles Porterfield Krauth as chairman, to prepare 
for circulation ‘‘a statement of the facts which prove that our Theological 
Seminary has throughout secured all the objects of a mission institute 
which are compatible with joust principles in regard to ministerial educa- 
tion.” It was evident that Dr. Kurtz could not effect a change in the 
established policy of the Seminary at Gettysburg. But there remained the 
possibility of a new institution. 
A few months after this action of the Gettysburg 
On the Directors, Dr. Kurtz and a few kindred spirits organized 
Susquehanna the Melanchthon Synod on the territory of the Maryland 
Synod. The first item of business transacted by the 
new Synod, after the adoption of its “articles of faith,” was the hearty 
endorsement of “the contemplated Missionary Institute.” The next year 
the new school began at Selinsgrove with Dr. Kurtz as superintendent. 
The Missionary Institute claimed to have a sphere and mission quite dis- 
tinct from that of the Gettysburg Seminary, and did not at once make 
itself felt as an encroachment on the older institution. Even the 
Melanchthon Synod supported Gettysburg and sent Directors there. In 
the perspective of the years, however, it is clear that the founding of the 
Institute at Selinsgrove in 1858 was in reality a breach among the sup- 
porters of Gettysburg because of a difference of opinion as to ministerial 
education. It was a falling away of those on the extreme left, though 
in course of time it tended to become simply another territorial restric- 
tion of the Gettysburg Seminary. 
The founding of the new seminary in Philadelphia 
Faculty had a more immediate effect upon the history of the 
Disrupted Gettysburg institution. For one thing, it withdrew one 
of the three professors from the Gettysburg Faculty 
Dr. C. F. Schaeffer had been elected the first regular professor of the new 
institution. But exactly two weeks after his election he sent a communica- 


188 


PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 


tion to the Gettysburg Directors at their regular meeting, stating that he 
would remain at Gettysburg and “would continue his labors in the institution 
without interruption.” Nevertheless, three weeks later he had yielded to 
the insistence of the Philadelphia Directors and was on his way to Phila- 
delphia, and on October 3rd he was inaugurated as a teacher in the new 
Seminary. He was made chairman of the new Faculty. Events had moved 
more rapidly than Dr. Schaeffer had at first anticipated. His eventual 
resignation from the Gettysburg Faculty was only logical and might have 
been expected, but feeling was just then running high among the parties in 
the Church, and his sudden departure was deeply resented. The Directors 
at their special meeting the following April adopted a sharp resolution 
declaring that Dr. Schaeffer had broken his word and violated his solemn 
pledge and expressing their “most decided disapprobation of a course so 
eminently reprehensible.” The resolution was ordered sent to Dr. Schaeffer, 
to the Board of Directors of the new Seminary, and to the Ministerium 
of Pennsylvania. It was the opening shot of a battle which extended over 
many years, but which it is not in the scope of this volume to record. Suf- 
fice it to say that the Seminary at Gettysburg never recovered the services 
of a professor supported by the Pennsylvania Ministerium. The with- 
drawal of Dr. Schaeffer made a vacancy that could not at once be filled, 
because the funds that had supported him at Gettysburg remained in the 
hands of the Ministerium and were now used to support him in Philadel- 
phia. 

The official directorate of the Seminary also suffered a serious break in 
its ranks. When the Directors elected by the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
appeared at the meeting in Gettysburg in August, 1865, 
their right to seats was challenged. After a protracted Board 
and spirited discussion it was decided, twelve to six, to Disrupted 
exclude them. The reasons assigned were that the 
Ministerium, by the withdrawal of its delegates at York, had placed itself 
outside the pale of the General Synod and by establishing a new Seminary 
at Philadelphia and withdrawing the German professor from Gettysburg 
had placed itself in direct antagonism to the Gettysburg institution. On 
behalf of the representatives of the Ministerium Mr. Lewis L. Houpt, a 
son-in-law of Rev. Benjamin Keller, entered a respectful protest against 
this action, and the Ministerium itself at its next meeting officially ter- 
minated its relation with the Seminary at Gettysburg. 

The number of students attending the Seminary also suffered a serious 
decline in consequence of the rupture in Faculty and Board. Dr. Schaeffer 
took with him to the new institution all the German 
students and no new ones came. Some of the English Student Body 
students also withdrew. A few were attracted to Phila- Disrupted 
delphia by the “advantages of studying in a large city,” 
though the friends of Gettysburg steadfastly pronounced those advantages 


189 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


“fictitious.” At any rate, the size of the student body was cut in half. 
Only six new students were admitted in, the fall of 1864 as compared with 
fourteen in the preceding year. Not all of this decline, however, was due 
to the disruption in the Seminary and the Church. General conditions pro- 
duced by the Civil War had brought on a perceptible diminishing of the 
number of students in all the Protestant theological Seminaries of the 
land. But Gettysburg suffered both from general and from special condi- 
tions. Her student body was smaller than it had been the first year of her 
life and the outlook from this angle seemed discouraging. 
Moreover, the two seminaries at once became ex- 
Rival ponents of conflicting elements in the Church. The for- 
Seminaries tunes of the two schools were intimately involved in the 
fortunes of the two general bodies that resulted from 
the disruption in the Church in 1866. Dr. Brown at once became the 
president of the General Synod and Dr. Charles Porterfield Kratuth the 
leading thinker for the newly formed General Council. The friends of 
Gettysburg challenged the new Seminary’s right to exist. The friends of 
the new Seminary tried to impugn the Lutheranism of the Gettysburg 
institution and sought to sow discord among its supporters. Exaggerated 
statements were made, personalities were freely indulged in, and proprieties 
ceased to be carefully observed. The warm personal friendship that had 
subsisted between Dr. Brown and the younger Krauth did not prevent 
them now from engaging in a literary discussion that led on to a fro- 
tracted controversy on the respective merits of the two institutions which 
covered many pages of the Lutheran Observer and the Lutheran and Mis- 
sionary. To reproduce the respective arguments would mean to traverse 
the details of Lutheran Church history in that critical period atid this 
could serve no useful purpose now. In the perspective of half a century it 
is clear that God graciously overruled to His glory the disruption in the 
Gettysburg Seminary and that in the General Synod. The darknéss that 
overshadowed the Seminary during the closing years of this period of iti- 
ternal discord was only the deep darkness that immediately precedés the 
dawn. One of the brightest days in the whole life of the instittition Jay 
immediately before. For Dr. Brown's accession was the begintilng of a 
long period of reconstruction and larger undertakings. 
Before proceeding to the details of this new period, we must tutn back 
just one year and see how intimately the Seminary was associated with 
the decisive battle of the Civil War in July, 1863. 


190 


GEA DE Rog] 


DURING THE BATTLE—1863 


When the Seminary was permanently located on the elevation west of 
Gettysburg, those responsible for the choice of that site never dreamed 
that the institution would give its name to the elevation 
and that the location would become famous in history 
for all time. But about those buildings and over that 
elevation raged the decisive battle of the American Civil War and one of 
the decisive battles of all world history. 

Gettysburg had long been a great road-center. Its accessibility, as we 
have seen, had helped to make it the site of the Seminary. Its many roads 
and its nearness to the Mason and Dixon line now helped 
to make it the scene of a great battle. The eminence A Great 
west of the town which in 1831 had proved so attractive Road Center 
as a home for a theological seminary, now also proved 
attractive in 1863 as a military position. The ridge that for nearly forty 
years had been widely known as a place of training for the heralds of the 
gospel of peace, now became much more widely known as a place of opera- 
tion for the horrible engines of war. 

The Seminary gave its name to the entire elevation that stretches north 
and south along the west side of the town. Wherever military history 1s 
studied today the strategic importance of Seminary 
Ridge at Gettysburg is considered, and wherever the in- The Famous 
stitutions of man are analyzed that famous Ridge is Ridge 
regarded as the high tide in a cruel Civil War that was 
to test whether a nation conceived in liberty could long endure. We pause, 
therefore, in our narrative of the proper life of the Seminary to set forth 
briefly the part which the Seminary, because of its location, played in the 
most momentous battle in American history. 

Neither the Seminary as an institution nor the Lutheran Church as an 
organization had any part in precipitating the War. Individuals connected 
with the Seminary and other prominent individuals in 
the Church as a rule took the positions with reference to The Church 
slavery and secession that were taken by the majority Not Involved 
of the citizens in their respective sections of the 
country. No Church could stay the spirit of sectionalism abroad in the 
land. Individuals for the most part conformed to the general sentiment. 

One exception to this rule, worthy of notice here, was Rey. James A. 
Brown, who shortly afterwards became the head of the Gettysburg Sem- 


191 


Unexpected 
Fame 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


inary. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Dr. Brown was president of 
Newberry College in South Carolina. But he was a Pennsylvanian by 
birth and had received his training at Gettysburg. AI- 
Brown in ways outspoken in manner, he expressed himself un- 
the War equivocally against secession and in favor of maintain- 
ing the union. As a result he narrowly escaped personal 
violence and it was only with great difficulty that he extricated himself and 
his family from South Carolina and returned to Pennsylvania. For a year 
and a half he served as chaplain in the 87th regiment of Pennsylvania vol- 
unteers; then for two years he was chaplain of the United States army hos- 
pital at York. Before the close of the War he had received the call to the 
Seminary and had taken up his abode on the very battlefield that had sealed 
the fate of the Confederacy. 
At the time of the battle Dr. Schmucker was still the head of the Sem- 
inary. He strongly deprecated civil war and earnestly desired the mainte- 
nance of the Union. He denied the right of the states 
Schmucker to nullify the laws of Congress. He also denied the 
on Secession right of the states to secede under the provisions of the 
Federal Constitution. But he declared it to be the “inde- 
feasible right of man” to revolt from any government by which he is wan- 
tonly and seriously oppressed. This he regarded as clearly implied in the 
last sentence of the seventeenth article of the Augsburg Confession: 
“Christians ought necessarily to yield obedience to the civil officers and 
laws of the land, unless they should command something sinful, in which 
case it is a duty to obey God rather than man.” But as the breach between 
the North and South approached, Dr. Schmucker, while conceding that the 
nation had not dealt wisely with the problem of slavery, nevertheless felt 
that revolution against the national government was not justified. The 
secession of the Southern States, therefore, as it actually took place, found 
no favor with him. This was well known in the South. 
On the question of slavery Dr. Schmucker had frequently expressed him- 
self both in his lecture room at the Seminary and before the wider public. 
Born in Maryland and having served for five years 
Schmucker as a pastor in Virginia, he was familiar with slavery 
on Slavery in all its phases. He regarded the institution of 
human servitude as a reproach to our political system 
and a violation of the fundamental rights of man. He did not lay that 
reproach at the door of the Southern States alone; for he pointed out 
that it was Northern vessels that had carried on “the infernal traffic” and 
had foisted the inhuman institution upon the entire country. In his youth 
he was a zealous advocate of African colonization, but he never expected 
this enterprise to remove the evil from our land, and he stoutly denied 
the right of the white man to force the negro to return to Africa. Be- 
fore the legislature of Pennsylvania he labored zealously but in vain for 


192 


DURING THE. BATTLE 


laws that would ameliorate the conditions of the free colored population 
in that State. Then as the inadequacy of African colonization became ap- 
parent to the general public and emancipation societies began to be organ- 
ized, Dr. Schmucker adopted moderate abolition sentiments. The slaves 
that came into his possession through his second marriage he manumitted at 
once and supported as long as they lived. He deplored the Dred Scott de- 
cision and declared that he would never help to return a fellow being into 
bondage. Gettysburg was a station on the underground railway and Dr. 
Schmucker’s barn on the Seminary campus was more than once the tem- 
porary hiding place of runaway slaves on their way farther north. 

In general, the views concerning slavery that were taught to Seminary 
students before the Battle of Gettysburg may be summarized in Dr. 
Schmucker’s words written in his text-book, the “Ele- 
ments of Popular Theology”: “From all these consid- A Mild 
erations it would appear to be the duty of philanthropists Abolitionist 
and Christians to advocate the cause of colonization in 
Africa and elsewhere; but at the same time also to maintain the justice and 
necessity of universal abolition by legislative provision of the several 
states. It is certain that the federal government of our nation is pre- 
cluded by the Constitution from interference with this subject by any direct 
enactment. . . . The Northern States may discuss the subject, and 
appeal to the patriotism and justice of their Southern fellow-citizens; but 
on the South alone is the duty of legislative action incumbent. In the 
arduous attempt to remedy a desolating evil, in which the present generation 
find themselves innocently involved by the guilt of their ancestors, the 
Northern States ought, and it is thought would be willing, to lend pe- 
cuniary aid if any be needed.” 

In spite of these moderate though unequivocal sentiments concerning 
slavery and secession, the head of the Gettysburg Seminary became the 
object of much bitterness among the people of the South. 

His book was widely circulated. His pupils were scat- Schmucker a 
tered all over the South. By the influence of war psy- Marked Man 
chology, he was, of course, branded as an abolitionist 

and emancipationist without any modifying terms whatever. As he was 
one of the leaders of thought in the North, the citizens of the “Confed- 
erate States” held him partly responsible for the War. Accordingly, when 
Lee’s army moved into western Maryland and headed towards Pennsylvania, 
some of the soldiers declared their purpose to arrest Dr. Schmucker. The 
Lutheran pastor at Frederick, Dr. George Diehl, an early alumnus of the 
Seminary and one of its Directors as well as a personal friend of Dr. 
Schmucker, learned of their purpose and contrived to send word to Dr. 
Schmucker apprising him of the plan and urging him by all means to leave 
Gettysburg if the Confederates should move in that direction. The South- 
ern invasion of Pennsylvania brought the Confederate army to Dr. 


193 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Schmucker’s very door and as the doctor himself had fled it must have 
been with grim satisfaction that some of the soldier citizens of the ill-fated 
Confederacy occupied the Seminary buildings and campus and wreaked 
mistaken vengeance on Dr. Schmucker’s personal property. 

The Church which the Seminary served had little 


Lutherans part as a Church in the War. The Methodists, Bap- 
North and tists and Presbyterians had all divided on the issue of 
South slavery ten or. fifteen years before the War came, but it is 


indicative of the religious genius of the Lutheran Church 
and her essential conservatism that until the outbreak of actual hostilities 
she did not allow the purely economic and moral issue of slavery to make a 
division in her ranks. Only two of her district synods had pronounced on 
that issue, the Franckean in New York State and the Pittsburgh. The 





BEFORE THE BATTLE 


General Synod remained intact until the armies were actually in the field 
and the battle lines formed. Then Lutherans were among the most numer- 
ous and most vigorous element in the armies both North and South. Dur- 
ing the Battle of Gettysburg Lutherans fought on both sides, and a few 
of the former students of the College and Seminary were forced by the 
terrible contingencies of military necessity to train their guns on the very 
institution they called Alma Mater. 
From the very beginning of the great conflict the 
Patriotic students at Gettysburg took a lively interest in public 
Gettysburg events. It was a patriotic community in which the Sem- 
inary and College were located. During the French and 
Indian War it had contributed its quota to the campaign against Fort 


194 


DURING THE BATTLE 


Duquesne. In the Revolutionary War it made its contribution to the cause 
of liberty, and York, which was still its county seat, was for nine months 
the capital of the new nation. As a separate county in 1800 it was named 
for the patriot who had seconded the famous motion that ‘these colonies 
are and of right ought to be free and independent states.” When the 
British burned Washington in 1814 the citizens of Gettysburg appealed to 
the Brigadier General of the York-Adams district. This was Henry 
Eyster, an elder in the Lutheran Church in Gettysburg. He secured sup- 
plies from both Federal and State authorities and, thus equipped, the Adams 
County troops marched very promptly to help in the defense of Baltimore. 
Some of those who had participated in that engagement were still living to 
witness the stirring scenes of the sixties and the citizens of the town, de- 
spite the many southern characteristics of the community, were almost 
unanimous in their deep sympathy with the Union cause. This patriotic 
zeal spread its contagion among the students and fanned their fervor to 
a high. pitch. 

Already in April, 1861, when Baltimore was held by those who resisted 
the Union troops, a rumor reached Gettysburg that the enemy was ap- 
proaching from the south. At once a number of stu- 
dents volunteered and picketed all the roads leading to Student Zeal 
the town. The rumor proved to be without foundation, 
but the general state of excitement and the proximity of Gettysburg to the 
Mason and Dixon line led the students of the Seminary and College to 
form a military company in the spring of 1861. This company participated 
in the Brigadier General’s review of the Adams County militia that sum- 
mer, and the fires of patriotic zeal burned high among the students dur- 
ing the next two years. The commencement week of 1862 was so full of 
patriotic meetings in Gettysburg that it was difficult to maintain a quorum 
at the sessions of the Seminary Directors. 

When General Lee in June, 1863, began his march northward with the 
evident purpose of invading Pennsylvania and capturing Philadelphia, both 
President Lincoln and Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania 
called for special enlistments to meet the emergency. Students 
Governor Curtin’s call was for 50,000 men. The stu- Enlist 
dents at Gettysburg needed no urging. Some of them 
left at once for their homes to enter the military service there. Others 
remained at Gettysburg and raised a company among themselves. Four of 
the Seminary students volunteered for service in this company and about 
sixty of the College students, a large majority of the student body. The 
Seminary students were Frederick Klinefelter, Henry C. Shindle, Alex- 
ander McLaughlin, and Matthias H. Richards. The company organized 
June 16, 1863, electing Klinefelter as captain and the other three Seminary 
students as non-commissioned officers. Klinefelter had served as a pri- 
vate in the 16th Pennsylvania Volunteers under General Patterson during 


195 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


a three months’ campaign in Virginia in 1861. Among the college students 
in the company. were Samuel D. Schmucker, son of the Seminary professor ; 
John Morris Krauth, son of the other Seminary professor; Edmund J. 
Wolf and Thomas C. Billheimer, afterwards professors in the Seminary ; 
Harvey W. McKnight, afterwards president of the College; Theodore L. 
Seip, afterwards president of Muhlenberg College; and a number of others 
who attained distinction in the Church. 
Captain Klinefelter’s company at once offered its services to the Goy- 
ernor. They were ordered to Harrisburg. The next day, June 17, they 
reached Harrisburg by train. Thousands of troops had 
26th Regt. come from all parts of the State. When it was pro- 
Co. A posed to place them in the service of the United States 
“for the emergency” and not in the service of the State 
as militia for a definitely limited period, most of those who had come re- 
fused to be mustered in until the terms could be changed. The Gettysburg 
students, however, waived all such objections and showed their faith in the 
Federal Government by asking to be mustered in immediately. They were 
therefore sworn into the United States service and had the distinction of 
being the first company mustered in under that call. They were known as 
“Company A, 26th Regiment, P. V. M.” This regiment was commanded 
by Colonel W. W. Jennings, and H. W. McKnight became the Adjutant. 
Two of the students were transferred to the Signal Corps and six were 
detailed as clerks. 
The next week Colonel Jennings and his regiment containing the Gettys- 
burg students were ordered to Gettysburg itself. This was a week before 
the great battle and before the armies had begun to con- 
Perilous verge on that place. On June 26th the regiment was 
Service sent westward on the Chambersburg turnpike, as some 
Confederate troops had crossed the South Moun- 
tain and their camp-fires had been plainly visible at night from the Sem- 
inary buildings. Advancing three miles to the west, the regiment encamped 
and threw out its pickets. The Confederates suddenly appeared in great 
force and captured nearly all the pickets, and it was only by most skillful 
manouvering that Col. Jennings was able to extricate the main part of his 
regiment and prevent its capture. Retreating eastward and occasionally 
skirmishing with the enemy’s cavalry, the regiment reached Harrisburg on 
Sunday the 28th, having marched fifty-four out of sixty consecutive hours 
and having lost about 200 of their number. After this they remained on 
duty at Fort Washington, opposite Harrisburg, until July 30, when their 
term of service expired. Nearly all of the College students who had 
been in the company afterwards entered the Seminary. 
On August 11, two weeks after the company of students was mustered 
out of service, the Directors of the Seminary met in regular annual session. 
There were no representatives from south of the Potomac. The Mary- 


196 


DURING THE BATTLE 


land and the Melanchthon Synods continued to be represented as usual. In 
1861 the only Director from the Virginia Synod was Charles Martin, M.D., 
and he had come from Martinsburg, which was in ter- 

ritory loyal to the Union. After that no directors ever Faculty 
came from Virginia. At the meeting in August, 1863, Comment 
the Faculty called attention to the patriotic conduct 

of the students, and briefly recited the facts from the point of 
view of the teaching staff, as follows: “The first two sessions of the year 
passed off as usual, the exercises of the institution having been uninter- 
rupted, and the health, industry and piety of the students being equal to 
that of former sessions. The third session also commenced under favor- 
able auspices, without any diminution in the number of students. As the 
invading rebel army passed down the Cumberland Valley, leaving the South 
Mountain between us, no interruption of studies took place until they took 
possession of Newman’s Gap, ten miles from this place, and began to send 
their cavalry in this direction. At this juncture the Governor issued his 
proclamation for volunteers to repel the invaders, the highest state of ex- 
citement prevailed throughout the whole Commonwealth as well as in this 
vicinity, and an end was put to all regular study. A company of volunteers 
for the emergency was raised in College to which several of our theological 
students attached themselves, one of whom, Mr. Klinefelter, was elected as 
captain. It is a just subject of remark that this company was the first 
which made its appearance at Harrisburg, in response to the Governor’s 
proclamation.” 

The conduct of the students was heartily commended by the Directors. 
Their action reads: “The Board has heard with proud satisfaction of the 
heroic conduct of those students of the Theological Sem- 
inary who rushed so promptly to the defense of their Directors’ 
country during the late rebel invasion; and their course Commendation 
is hereby approved; and the chairman of the faculty is 
respectfully requested to send this resolution to the assembled students at 
the commencement of next session.” 

In the meantime, during the first three days of July, the great Battle 
of Gettysburg had taken place. The Seminary and its campus, dedicated 
to the purposes of peace and good-will among men, had 
received a terrible baptism of fire and blood. This is not The Seminary 
the place to record the events leading up to the Battle in the Battle 
nor the course of the movements constituting the great 
struggle itself. We are concerned only about the part played by the Sem- 
inary and its personnel. The institution lay directly in the path of the con- 
tending armies, and from its cupola today it is possible to survey the entire 
scene of their decisive combat. 

Early on the first day of the Battle, the Seminary was visited by Gen- 
eral Buford, of the Union Army. Buford’s cavalry, 6,000 in number, had 


197 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


arrived at Gettysburg at eleven o'clock the previous day, just in time to 
prevent the invasion of the town by Pettigrew’s brigade, which the Con- 
federate General Heth had sent from Cashtown, nine 
Buford on miles to the west, in order to secure a supply of shoes. 
the Cupola Impressed by the importance of the position and expect- 
ing the early return of the enemy in force, Buford had 
led his troops past the Seminary to a point near Willoughby Run, nearly 
a mile to the west. Here Buford encamped for the night, extending his 
pickets westward and northward. At early dawn the next morning his 
scouts reported that General Heth’s division and two others of A. P. Hill's 
corps were advancing in force from Cashtown towards Gettysburg. Gen- 
eral Buford hastened to the cupola of the Seminary to make observations. 
From this vantage point the Seminary students and professors had noted 
the advance of the Confederates days before the Battle. On the cleared 
spaces of the mountains, nine miles distant, the smoke of their camp rose 
by day and the gleam of their fires illumined the night. By the aid of a 
glass the students had clearly seen the parked wagons and the artillery and 
even the forms of the soldiers. 
From this elevated position Buford now commanded 
A Good a view in all directions. He saw distinctly the large 
Vantage Point body of Confederate troops advancing from the west. 
Perhaps he observed also that Rhodes’ division of 
Ewell’s corps was advancing upon him from the north. Possibly he looked 
anxiously towards the south hoping to see the approach of reinforcements 
under General Reynolds, who had been apprised of the impending engage- 
ment and who was on his way towards Gettysburg from Emmitsburg. 
Descending from the Seminary cupola, Buford proceeded to direct the 
fighting of his small division of dismounted cavalry as they stubbornly 
engaged the overwhelming forces of the enemy between Willoughby 
Run and Seminary Ridge. 
The engagement began about nine-thirty. An hour later General Rey- 
nolds arrived at the head of the First Corps of the Union Army. As he 
approached the town he heard the sound of battle and 
Troops on sent his troops in that direction. He moved his men 
the Campus over the fields from the Emmitsburg Road in front of 
Dr. Schmucker’s house and under cover of Seminary 
Ridge, until his right extended across the Chambersburg turnpike and the 
railroad, while his left stretched north and south across the whole length of 
the Seminary Campus. Thus the Seminary grounds for the first time, about 
eleven o’clock, became the scene of battle array. General Reynolds himself 
as soon as he reached Gettysburg dashed through the town and galloped 
to the Seminary. He, too, sought the cupola and from that vantage point 
surveyed the battle which was now developing. Then he was joined by 
Buford and both of them rode to the front about half a mile west of the 


198 


DURING THE BATTLE 


Seminary, where their troops were gallantly holding their ground against 
heavy odds. Very shortly afterwards Reynolds received a sharpshooter’s 
bullet in the brain and fell dead. General Doubleday now took command 
of the forces on this part of Seminary [fill. 

The Union troops were so greatly outnumbered during the first day of 
the Battle that the issue went against them. They succeeded, however, in 
holding the Seminary buildings and grounds until about 
the middle of the afternoon. By one o’clock both sides The Terrible 
had been greatly reinforced, and the battle-line now ex- Retreat 
tended north of the town from Seminary Ridge to the 
bank of Rock Creek. The arrival of Early’s division of Ewell’s corps 
from the north gave an overpowering advantage to the Confederate forces 
at that point. About three o’clock in the afternoon a slight breeze lifted 
the smoke which had enveloped the whole battle-line in darkness, and then 
it became evident to the observers at the Seminary that the right wing 
of the Union Army was being pressed back towards Gettysburg. This 
part of the Federal troops soon began to retreat southward through the 
town, taking refuge on Cemetery Ridge under the direction of General 
O. O. Howard. The high strategic importance of this position had been 
pointed out to one of General Howard’s signal officers by Professor Jacobs, 
of the College, as they stood together on the College cupola early in the 
day. After the right wing of the Union line began to retreat, the left 
wing was, of course, unable to hold its position on Seminary Ridge. The 
retreat of the First Corps under General Doubleday began about four- 
fifteen o'clock. It swept through the Seminary Campus, demolishing 
fences and sheds and garden crops and almost everything that was perish- 
able. It passed through the southwestern section of the town to the left 
of the Eleventh Corps under General Howard on Cemetery Ridge. 

The Seminary was now in the hands of the South. General Lee ar- 
rived on the field in time to witness the retreat of the Federal troops and 
now took up his headquarters in an orchard only a few 
hundred feet west of Dr. Krauth’s house. From this In Confederate 
point he directed the battle of the next two days. The Hands 
Seminary buildings and grounds and the whole of Sem- 
inary Ridge were occupied by the Confederate army. The buildings were in- 
cluded in the Confederate line of defense and so were exposed to the fire 
of the Federal guns. All were within range of the Union batteries and 
suffered the effects. The front of the Confederate line turned eastward at 
a point about 100 yards from Dr. Schmucker’s house and passed along 
Middle Street through the town; therefore, of the three Seminary build- 
ings, Dr. Schmucker’s house was most exposed to Union fire and Dr. 
Krauth’s least. 

The cupola of the main Seminary building now was used as an ob- 
servatory by General Lee’s aides as it had previously been used by Generals 


199 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Buford and Reynolds. During the rest of the battle it was the chief signal- 
station for the Confederate Army. The buildings themselves were filled 

with the dead and dying. Their walls were penetrated 
War’s by cannon balls and their windows shattered by bursting 
Desolation shells. Their furnishings were pressed into the service 

of Mars. Their floors were mottled with indelible 
bloodstains. Soldiers were buried on the Seminary Campus, batteries were 
planted within the very shadows of the buildings, and after the retreat of 
the invading army the entire surroundings presented a most desolate ap- 
pearance. 





AFTER THE BATTLE 


The peace-time occupants of the Seminary campus had all fled. Dr. 
Schmucker had left Gettysburg before the Battle began. The few students 
who remained in the closing days of June were quickly 

The Professors’ dispersed when it became evident that the armies were 
Houses converging on Gettysburg. When the Union forces re- 
Damaged treated from Seminary Ridge to Cemetery Ridge and the 
Confederates took possession of the Seminary campus, 

Dr. Schmucker’s family and Dr. Krauth with his family received peremp- 
tory orders to abandon their homes. This occurred in the late afternoon 
and their flight was so hasty that practically none of their personal effects 
could be taken along. They sought refuge among friends in the town. 
The Seminary residences were occupied by soldiers of the invading army, 
and they treated the contents of Dr. Schmucker’s house with a ruthlessness 
that was the exception rather than the rule in the Southern army, although 


200 


DURING THE: BATIEE 


most of the damage to Seminary property was the result of military neces- 
sity rather than mere wantonness. 

The precise effect of the Battle on the Seminary property is best stated 

in the words of Dr. Schmucker himself. Within a month after Lee’s army 
had retreated he wrote: “Although the unhappy Civil 
War has raged for several years, its influence never be- Schmucker’s 
fore reached our institutions or interfered with our Account 
operations. But this spring the rebel army invaded 
our State, and made this immediate vicinity their battlefield, planting their 
batteries on Seminary lands, immediately around our buildings. 
The hostile armies met in our town and the greatest battle took place that 
was ever fought on this continent, at least since the discovery of America by 
Columbus. . . . The injury done to the property of the Institution is 
considerable. The house I occupy was most damaged. The rebels, having 
driven the occupants out on the first day of the battle, took possession of 
it themselves and their batteries being also planted in the immediate vicinity, 
it was unavoidably shattered by the Federal artillery from Cemetery Hill. 
Thirteen cannon balls or shells pierced the walls and made holes several of 
which were from two to three feet in length and nearly as broad, window 
frames were shattered to pieces, sash broken and the greater part of the 
glass in the house destroyed. The fences around the yard and garden were 
nearly all leveled with the ground, as well as those around the entire Sem- 
inary lands. The Seminary edifice was perforated by several balls, and large 
portions knocked out of the North East gable corner. There being also a 
crack in the wall extending over two stories, the question arises whether 
that portion of the gable end must not be taken down and rebuilt from 
the foundation. Dr. Krauth’s dwelling also received some injury, though 
not of a very serious nature. The fences around the fields as well as those 
along the Seminary Avenue were destroyed, many of the rails and boards 
incorporated with the breastwork, others broken and others burned. 

“The Archives of the Seminary were, like everything else in my house, 
broken open by the rebels, and the contents scattered promiscuously with 
my books, papers, letters, etc., over the floor; yet I am happy to state that 
by careful searching amongst the rubbish for several days I have found 
the greater part of the documents which are of any value to the 
Seminary. A ae 

This account of the destruction wrought by the Battle we are able to 
supplement somewhat. It is known that Dr. Schmucker’s furniture was 
plundered and much of it rendered useless. His own 


books were taken from their shelves, and many of them Schmucker’s 
torn and defiled. His manuscripts of lectures and study | Library 
courses, like the Seminary archives, were thrown about, Plundered 


many of them tossed out of the windows and trampled 
into the mud. To this day his personal papers and the valuable collection 


201 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


of pamphlets which he had carefully gathered and neatly bound bear 
abundant evidences of their rough treatment at that time. One part of the 
archives of value to the Seminary that Dr. Schmucker did not recover from 
the rubbish was the record of the Faculty minutes after 1846, which also 
contained the list of matriculations from 1857 to 1863. Another was the 
memo-zandum book containing the descriptive list of all the ground rents in 
Philadelphia owned by the institution. 
No wanton harm was done to the personal property 
Litthke Wanton in the other buildings. One of the students, H. C. Hol- 
Injury loway, returned to the main Seminary building shortly 
after the Battle to secure his personal effects. He found 
much of his blank paper missing from his desk. But his other belongings 
and the “claw-hammer” coat and patent leather shoes which his friend, 
Edmund J. Wolf, of the College, had entrusted to him when he enlisted, 
he found untouched in the open cupboard where he had left them. There 
was no evidence of avoidable injury to the furnishings of the student rooms. 
The personal property in Dr. Krauth’s house suffered 
Krauth’s little damage. His house was the very center of the 
Experiences Union line when Reynolds advanced to the attack on 
the morning of the first. The family took refuge in 
the cellar, but late in the afternoon, when the Seminary campus changed 
hands, they retired in great haste to the home of friends in the town. As 
they were leaving their home a Southern soldier, too far in advance of his 
fellows, was shot and fell almost at their feet. He was buried near the 
back door of their house. Dr. Krauth’s house was not ransacked and its 
contents scattered as were those of Dr. Schmucker, although it is known 
that when the Southern army retired from Seminary Ridge one of the 
soldiers carried with him a valuable silver service belonging to Mrs. Krauth. 
On order of a superior officer this treasure was deposited in reliable hands 
in Waynesboro with the request that it be restored to its owner. 
One of the seniors in the Seminary, the Rey. A. M. 
A Student Whetstone of Tamaqua, Pa., who had not enlisted in 
Wounded the emergency company of students because he had 
already accepted the pastorate at Greencastle, took up 
his abode during the Battle at his boarding-house near the center of the 
town. Scorning to take refuge in the cellar and sitting on the porch near 
the street, he was wounded by a shot from a neighboring hotel where Con- 
federate officers were known to be quartered. The bullet passed through 
the calf of his leg and for several weeks he was obliged to use crutches. 
Fifteen years later Mr. Whetstone was one of the Directors of the Sem- 
inary and its financial agent. 
In view of the severity of the Battle and the exposed situation of the 
Seminary, the friends of the Institution had just grounds for rejoicing that 
the damages were no greater than they were. Dr. Krauth, preaching in 


202 


DURING THE BATTLE 


College Church at the first service after the building was vacated as a 
hospital, took as his text, Hebrews 10:34, “Ye took joyfully the spoiling 
of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in 

heaven a better and enduring substance.’ The official Rejoicing in 
directorate in August, meeting in Dr. Schmucker’s house Tribulation 
because the main edifice could not yet be occupied, 

recorded its gratitude as follows: “Whilst the Board heartily sympathizes 
with the members of the Faculty in the alarms and losses with which they 
have been severally affected during the recent time of terror, we hereby 
express gratitude to God that they and their families have been saved from 
injury both in life and limb, praying at the same time that they may be 
spared for many years of usefulness in the cause of piety, education and 
learning.” 

After the Battle was over and the armies had disappeared from the 
scene of the desolation they had wrought, the Seminary continued to be 
occupied for several weeks as a hospital. During the 
Battle itself all the buildings harbored the wounded and The Seminary 
each witnessed scenes of surgical operation and death. a Hospital 
Immediately upon the withdrawal of the armies the 
families of the Seminary professors returned to their homes and all the 
wounded were transferred to the main edifice or to tents nearby. The build- 
ing was gladly yielded for this purpose, and the Seminary authorities, feel- 
ing a degree of responsibility for the comfort of their guests, appealed for 
medical supplies. The president of the Board of Directors was Dr. Charles 
A. Hay, of Harrisburg. In his youth he had been an instructor in the 
Seminary. When the War broke out he was very active on behalf of the 
Union cause. In the fall of 1862 his great zeal against “the rebels” led 
him to publish a severe criticism of General Wool for his lenient treatment 
of Confederate prisoners in Baltimore, and General Wool had him placed 
under arrest and brought to Baltimore. Upon the protest of Governor 
Curtin that such an arrest was illegal and upon a satisfactory explanation 
of his statements, Dr. Hay was immediately released. Now, after the Bat- 
tle of Gettysburg, his official connection with the Seminary led him to 
issue a call to the Directors and friends of the school. The call, which 
went out less than a week after the conclusion of the Battle, read as 
follows: 

“With devout gratitude to our heavenly Father, we congratulate our 
churches upon the safety of our beloved institutions at 
Gettysburg, with their precious libraries, standing, as Call to the 
they did, between the hostile lines on that memorable Directors 
day, that turned the tide of the war so gloriously against 
the ‘Slaveholders’ rebellion.’ So far as we can learn, the lives of all con- 
nected with them have been mercifully spared. 

“In a few weeks the annual meeting of the Directors of the Seminary 


203 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


and Trustees of the College will take place, and, as president of the for- 
mer Board, I take the liberty of suggesting to the friends of both institu- 
tions the propriety of sending, at that time, under the care of the Trustees 
and Directors, a liberal supply of hospital stores and comforts for the 
brave sufferers, who will still be lingering in the private houses and the 
hospitals near the scene of the conflict. At present such supplies have been 
forwarded in large quantities by the Christian Commission, and by indi- 
viduals whose sympathies have been for the time deeply excited; but a 
month hence a contribution, as above indicated, will be doubly welcome. 
Let us not go empty-handed.” 
A majority of the patients cared for at the Seminary during its use as 
a hospital belonged to the Confederate army, while those in the College 
were mostly Union soldiers. Immediately after the re- 
Patients from treat of the Southern armies, more than four hundred 
Both Armies Confederate wounded were counted in the Sem- 
inary hospital, which included not only the Seminary 
building but also a large number of tents on the campus. In addition there 
was a goodly number of Federal soldiers, considerably over two hundred, 
who had been wounded during the retreat of the Union forces on the first 
day of the Battle. On the 9th and 10th of August, just as the Seminary 
authorities had begun to expect an early evacuation of the buildings and 
campus, the hospital was enlarged by the addition of all patients from the 
Court House and all from the Christ (College) Church hospital, including 
about a hundred of the men commanded by Reynolds. Those were busy 
days at the Seminary, when the Blue and Gray, lying side by side helpless 
as children, received for eight weeks the ministrations of surgeons and 
nurses, of the agents of the Christian Commission and those of the San- 
itary Commission, of the Sisters of Charity and the Patriotic Daughters of 
Lancaster. 
A number of the enforced guests of the Seminary during this period 
were distinguished men. Among the Confederates who were harbored there 
as inmates of the hospital were Generals Kemper and 
Kemper and Trimble. Both of these men had been so seriously 
Trimble wounded in Pickett’s famous charge on the third day that 
when the Confederate army retreated they were left be- 
hind. General Trimble had had his leg amputated and no effort was made 
to remove him during the retreat. General Kemper started with the retreat- 
ing army, but his wounds were so serious that he was obliged to stop and 
the pursuing Federals took him prisoner along the Fairfield road. Both men 
were transferred to the Seminary building and given careful surgical treat- 
ment. Trimble’s audacity often tried the patience of the hospital attend- 
ants, and he was soon discharged into the care of a private family in Gettys- 
burg known to be “of rebel sympathies,’ because the mother in the family 
had been a schoolmate of Mrs. Jefferson Davis. Simon Cameron pro- 


204 


i) 


DURING THE BATTLE 


tested to President Lincoln against the freedom that was permitted to 
Trimble on the ground that he might secure military information and trans- 
mit it to the enemy. As a result of the protest Trimble was sent to a 
prison camp near Boston and efforts to exchange him for Federal pris- 
oners were futile. 

Colonel George F. McFarland, of McAlisterville, Juniata County, Penn- 
sylvania, tells in the official records how he became an inmate of the Sem- 
inary. It was the first day of the Battle. Colonel Mc- 

Farland was commanding the one hundred and fifty-first Colonel 
regiment of Pennsylvania infantry. After making a de- McFarland 
termined stand on the edge of the grove just west of the 

Seminary, his regiment, greatly depleted, was compelled to join in the 
general retreat of the First Corps. He says: “All support had left both 
flanks and were already well to the rear. Hence I ordered the shattered 
remnant of as brave a regiment as ever entered the field to fall back, and 
accompanied it a few paces. Then stopping, perhaps twenty paces from 
the Seminary, I turned, and, stooping down, examined the condition of the 
enemy in front. At this instant, 4:20 P. M., I was hit by a flank fire 
in both legs at the same instant, which caused the amputation of my right 
leg, and so shattered my left that it is now, at the end of eight and a 
half months, still unhealed and unserviceable. I was carried into the Sem- 
inary by Private Lyman D. Wilson, of Company F, the only man near me, 
and who narrowly escaped, a ball carrying away the middle button on my 
coat-sleeve while my arm was around his neck.” After recounting the fur- 
ther activities of his brave regiment during the Battle, he adds: “By 
the sixth of July one hundred and seventy-three wounded officers and men 
were collected in the Seminary hospital, where I lay, from it alone.’ Colo- 
nel McFarland again narrowly escaped death in the Seminary, as he had 
been transferred from the room on the northeast corner of the first floor 
just a short while before a shell entered and shattered the furniture. Colo- 
nel McFarland’s son, the distinguished J. Horace McFarland, became a 
master printer and well known horticulturalist. 

As they recovered sufficiently to be removed, the wounded inmates of the 
Seminary hospital were taken to the cities or to the general hospital estab- 
lished by the government a few miles east of Gettysburg. 

This removal proceeded so slowly that it threatened to Evacuating 
interfere with the proper work of the Seminary the Seminary 
by delaying the resumption of class-room activities 

in September. Shortly after the building was occupied as a hospital Dr. 
Schmucker called on the commanding officer, Colonel Alleman, and re- 
ceived the positive assurance that it would be vacated in two weeks. A 
little later, however, the medical board decided to continue the use of the 
Seminary as a regular hospital. Dr. Schmucker called on them and urged 
the interests of the Seminary’s own work. The army authorities therefcre 


205 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


decided to use the building only for the emergency and assured Dr. 
Schmucker that it would be vacated at least four weeks before the next 
session of the Seminary was to commence. Accordingly announcement 
went forth that the institution would begin its fall session at the regular 
time, September ‘24th. Then came a change in the medical authorities in 
charge at the Seminary and with it another change in plans, so that Dr. 
Schmucker had to report to the Directors that all indications point to “a 
charge at the Seminary and with it another change in plans, so that Dr. 
session of the eligible and healthy Seminary edifice.’ Accordingly a com- 
mittee was appointed to go to Washington if necessary and at any rate to 
urge upon the supreme medical authorities “the reasons why the interests 
of the Seminary should not be unnecessarily sacrificed to the convenience 
of these medical officials’ and to set forth “the desirableness and impor- 
tance of vacating the building as soon as possible.” As a result the build- 
ing was relinquished about the end of August, so that it could be cleaned 
and used at the time appointed for the opening of the new session. 
During the weeks that the Seminary was being used 
Effects of Hos- as a hospital the furnishings of the rooms and the per- 
pital Occupancy — sonal effects of the students suffered severely. The stu- 
dents lost a large part of their books, and fears were 
entertained for the safety of the “valuable library.’ Once or twice the 
room containing the library was used for short intervals as the office of the 
surgeons. Dr. Schmucker records: “The library of the Seminary has not 
been occupied by the soldiers, although a disposition to do so was mani- 
fested on several occasions, which was prevented only by affixing 
stronger Jocks to the doors and by suitable protestations to the superior 
officer in command.” None of the Seminary books were disturbed. All 
blank paper was seized, and partly filled blank books and even the wide 
margins of innocent looking pamphlets were used in writing out prescrip- 
tions for the wounded. After the building was evacuated, some of these 
lists of prescriptions remained behind. They give evidence of rather heroic 
treatment administered to the sick in those days. 
Of more than ordinary interest is the prayer written 
“A Rebel by a Confederate surgeon in the Seminary while it was 
Prayer” being used as a hospital. Penciled on the margin of the 
front cover page of a copy of the General Synod Min- 
utes for 1859, it reads: “Oh! this horrible war—it has saddened the hearts 
of so many both in the U. S. and C. S. O! Thou who controlleth the des- 
tiny of nations and individuals, give us peace and independence. Would 
that the North would stop this cruel war and let all parties return to their 
quiet homes and worship God under their own vine and fig tree. Surgeon 
C.S. A.” This is an eloquent witness to the sentiments entertained by the 
citizens of the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg. 
Over at the College the library showed more effects of the Battle. As 


206 


DURING THE BATTLE 


the Eleventh Corps retreated across the campus on the afternoon of the 
first day, German soldiers under Carl Schurz kept up a running fire against 
their Confederate pursuers. The Southern troops were 

very indignant at “the Dutchmen” for having shot down Sealed with 
so many of their men. As if to express their indignation, Blood 
they carried their wounded into the library room of the 

College building, supported the heads of some of them with volumes of 
old German theologians, whose pages thus were sealed together by the 
blood that flowed from the hearts of dying heroes. 

As soon as the medical authorities relinquished the Seminary building, 
the Seminary authorities set to work to repair the damages. Already, a few 
days after the Battle, the Faculties of the Seminary and 
the College had agreed to issue a joint appeal for con- Appeal for 
tributions to cover the losses. The appeal was written Repair Funds 
apparently by Dr. Schmucker, and was signed by 
all the members of both Faculties. It was published within a month after 
the Battle and while both institutions were still in use as hospitals. It 
gave a general statement of the facts concerning the losses to the institu- 
tions, appealing for contributions and thank-offerings not only from Luth- 
erans but from every “patriot whose heart overflows with gratitude to 
God for the recent victory,” and closing with the thought: “Will it not be 
a pleasing reflection to the contributors and to all future visitors of this 
memorable battlefield, that the institutions, whose soil was plowed up by 
the cannon-balls, whose halls were stained with blood in defense of the 
Union, and around which are buried some of the martyrs who died in our 
holy cause, were not permanently injured; but that by the liberality of 
Christians and patriots, their latter days were more prosperous than the 
first.” 

In response to this appeal offerings soon began to come in. When the 
Directors of the Seminary met on August 11, the subject of damages and 
repairs received careful consideration. A distinction was 
made between damages caused by the Battle itself and Patriotic 
those incurred by the occupancy for hospital purposes. Directors 
With reference to the, former, «the Directors re- 
solved that “from motives of patriotism and gratitude to God for the 
glorious victory vouchsafed to our army at Gettysburg during the first three 
days of July, 1863, this Board will solicit no compensation from Govern- 
ment for damages sustained.” (This was a splendid expression of self- 
denying patriotism and loyalty to the Union. As a matter of fact, there 
was no act of Congress providing payment for damages caused by battle, 
and the part of the Board’s resolution quoted is superfluous unless it meant 
that the Seminary authorities would take no part in any effort to secure a 
special act of Congress whereby such damages could be paid. It is more 
likely that the Directors were under the false impression that all war 


207 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


damages were collectable and that they meant to renounce the rights of the 
Seminary in the matter. At any rate, they used the occasion to emphasize 
the patriotic appeal to the friends of the Seminary, for the resolution con- 
cludes: “but will look to the free will offerings of the churches for the 
means necessary to repair the same.” 

It was estimated that to restore the Seminary prop- 


Appeal for erty to its pre-war condition would necessitate an ex- 
Thank- penditure of nearly three thousand dollars. It was de- 
Offerings cided to issue an appeal for funds. Here again the Sem- 


inary acted jointly with the College. A circular was 
prepared by Dr. F. W. Conrad, who was the new president of the Seminary 
Board, and was signed by the officers of both Boards. Early in Septem- 
ber the joint circular was mailed to all the pastors of Lutheran churches 
in the synods supporting the Seminary and College. It asked for five 
thousand dollars to repair the damage at both schools. The plea was made 
on the ground of “patriotism and religion alike’ and in the interest of 
country, science and theology. It urged that the contributions should con- 
stitute a worthy “thank-offering presented by the Lutheran Church to the 
God of battles for the victory at Gettysburg.” In addition to this general 

plea Dr. Conrad published several vigorous calls in the Church papers. 
The response was generous, considering the economic conditions that 
prevailed at that time. The amount received was $4,210.69. Of this $2,346.18 
was used in making the necessary repairs at the Sem- 
Rehabilitation inary, and the balance was used at the College. The work 
of repairing the damage to the Seminary property pro- 
ceeded very slowly because of the scarcity of labor and the great difficulty 
in securing building materials. Dr. Schmucker was obliged to undertake 
himself the irksome supervision of the laborers. But before the summer 
of 1864 all was completed. The northeast corner of the main edifice had 
been taken down and rebuilt. The gaping wounds in the walls of the build- 
ings had been closed. The properties had been thoroughly cleaned and re- 
painted. The grounds plowed by shell and cannon and horses and wagons 
had been leveled and graded and set in grass. A neat board fence had been 
erected all the way from the Hagerstown road to the Chambersburg turn- 
pike, marking the western boundary of the Seminary property. Paling 
fences once more enclosed the vegetable gardens of the professors, and a 
rail fence marked the other boundaries of the institution’s acreage. Twenty- 
three students had registered during the year following the Battle, a re- 
duction of less than one-third from the number the previous year. Barring 
other calamities, the Seminary was now in a position to 

Rent asa conduct its business as usual. : 
Hospital As to the compensation of the Seminary for its use 
as a hospital, a committee was appointed to ask the Gov- 
ernment for the rental that was customary in such cases. After much delay 


208 


DURING THE BATTLE 


Dr. Schmucker succeeded in securing through Deputy Quartermaster Cap- 
tain Blood the sum of $660.50. This was applied to the liquidation of a 
floating indebtedness that was outstanding against the institution. 
On November 19, 1863, two months after the Seminary had resumed 
operations, it adjourned its regular work for a day in order to attend the 
exercises of dedication at the National Cemetery, when 
President Lincoln formally set aside those grounds for Hearing Lin- 
their sacred use and delivered his memorable “Gettys- coln’s Address 
burg Address.” Edward Everett, who was regarded as 
“the orator of the day,” in the course of his elaborate and eloquent oration 
gave an account of the Battle, and added, “The highly valuable ‘Notes’ of 
Professor Jacobs of the university in this place, to which I am greatly in- 
debted, will abundantly supply the deficiency of my necessarily too con- 
densed statement.” The reference is to Michael Jacobs, who at Dr. 
Schmucker’s solicitation had come to Gettysburg in 1829 as instructor in 
the preparatory “Gymnasium” and who in 
1832 became professor of mathematics and 
natural sciences in the new-born College. 
During the Battle Professor Jacobs took 
copious notes of occurrences as he witnessed 
them, and these “Notes,’ expanded into a 
complete narrative of the Battle and pub- 


lished three months after the event, consti- 





tute the basis of most other accounts that 
have appeared since that time. After Ever- : 

PPS ; THE LINCOLN MONUMENT. 
Pema uoneanueinco nseaddress tthe bene=» ‘standing vat the apot'.where® he 


diction was pronounced by the Rev. Dr. H. L. deliycreds phe e 4 dikes: 
Baugher.. Dr. Baugher was a graduate of the Seminary and in 1831, after 
the death of David Jacobs, Dr. Schmucker had brought him to Gettysburg 
to help in establishing the College as a preparatory school for the Sem- 
inary. He was at this time President of the College. His benedictory 
prayer was as follows: “O Thou King of kings and Lord of lords, God of 
the nations of the earth, who, by Thy kind providence, hast permitted us to 
engage in these solemn services, grant us Thy blessing. Bless This conse- 
crated ground and These holy graves. Bless the President of These United 
States and his Cabinet. Bless the Governors and the Representatives of 
the States here assembled with all needed grace to conduct the affairs com- 
mitted to their hands, to the glory of Thy name and the greatest good of 
the people. May this great nation be delivered from treason and rebellion 
at home, and from the power of enemies abroad. And now may the grace 
of our Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God our Heavenly Father, and the 
fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen.” 

During the summer of 1864, a year after the great Battle, the regular 


209 


HISTORY “OF GETTYSBURG? SEMINARY 


work at the Seminary was again interrupted because of the War. The 
Confederates had made a raid into Pennsylvania and had burned Cham- 

bersburg. Some of them had come east to within twelve 
Another Scare miles of Gettysburg. The sufferings incident to the visit 

of the Confederate troops the previous summer were too 
fresh in the memories of the citizens and students of Gettysburg to allow 
them to look with complacency on the prospect of another visit. The mer- 
chants of the town began to remove and conceal their property. Many of 
the students, both at the College and the Seminary had gone to help in the 
work of the Christian Commission. Others began to leave for their homes. 
By the end of July all of the Seminary students had gone and so recitations 
ceased two weeks before the appointed time for closing the summer session. 

The disruption of the Seminary Faculty in 1864 is charged in part to 
Gettysburg’s exposure to the Confederates. Dr. Charles F. Schaeffer, who 

took such unceremonious leave of his post in the Sem- 
This “exposed inary Faculty in September, 1864, and joined the Faculty 
border region” of the “rival seminary” in Philadelphia, wrote a 

long letter of explanation to the Gettysburg Direc- 
tors. Among other things he said: “The expected Rebel raid, after the 
burning of Chambersburg, led me, like most of the citizens and all the 
merchants, to pack up and temporarily send away a portion of my goods. I 
was so discouraged by this latter circumstance, that when at the recent 
meeting of the Board of the new Seminary, I was requested to move 
at once to the city, I readily embraced the opportunity to withdraw from 
this exposed border region.” 

But Gettysburg, despite its proximity to the Mason and Dixon line, was 
not long to be an “exposed border region.” During the next year the for- 

tunes of the Confederacy declined rapidly. During the 
Peace anda spring session of the Seminary in 1865 the Southern 
New Era armies surrendered and the full significance of the Bat- 

tle of Gettysburg was then apparent to all. The sum- 
mer of 1865 was the beginning of a new era not only in the life of the 
nation but also in the history of the Seminary. The commencement held 
in August witnessed the formal installation of Dr. Brown as the new head. 
It was a time of promise both for the Seminary and for the Union. Con- 
cerning that commencement it is recorded: “The atmosphere was tremulous 
with patriotism. Many of the speakers gave utterance to sentiments of the 
highest and purest loyalty. The members of the Board and visitors were 
generally ardent in their Unionism. How could it be otherwise on the 
ground of one of the decisive battles of the war?” 

Several incidents in the later life of the Seminary served as reminders 
of the part the institution had played in the great Battle of 1863. One of 
these was the construction of a battlefield avenue across the Seminary prop- 
erty in 1895. When the main Seminary building was originally erected it 


210 


DURING-AT HE BATTLE 


was reached by a lane that ran along the western boundary of the Sem- 
inary property and connected the Fairfield or Hagerstown road with the 
Chambersburg turnpike. During the Battle this lane was 

occupied by Confederate batteries. Long years after A Part of the 
the Battle, when the Seminary needed to expand, prop- Battlefield 
erty was bought further west, but contiguous to the 

original site. Thus the lane ran through the midst of the Seminary acre- 
age. When the United States Government began to convert the whole bat- 
tlefield into a vast national military park, carefully marking the various po- 
sitions of the two armies and making all points of interest accessible to the 
public, the question arose among the officials of the Seminary whether it 
would not be advisable to open as a public highway the road running 
through the Seminary property in the immediate rear of its historic buildings. 

After a few years of discussion the United States Commission on the 
Gettysburg Battlefield took the matter up and offered to construct and 
maintain one of their Telford avenues on the site of the 
old road. The Seminary authorities accepted the offer, Seminary 
the land was sold to the Federal government for the Avenue 
nominal sum of one hundred dollars, and the avenue was 
constructed during the summer of 1895. It took the name “Seminary 
Avenue,” a name for many years applied to the road leading eastward 
from the front of the main building and connecting at a sharp angle with 
the Chambersburg turnpike near the town. The new Seminary Avenue 
thus became an integral part of the network of fine roads with which the 
government has covered the battlefield and across which pours the steady 
stream of tourist traffic that brings about a million visitors to Gettysburg 
each year to view the monument of the Union’s preservation. Many of the 
most distinguished visitors to the field take time to mount the Seminary 
cupola where they secure what is in some respects the best view of the 
entire field. 

Another memorable event in the history of the Seminary, growing out 
of its connection with the Battle was the celebration of the fiftieth anni- 
versary in 1913. All veterans of the Civil War, both 
Union and Confederate, were invited to come to Gettys- The Fiftieth 
burg as the guests of the State of Pennsylvania during Anniversary 
the first four days of July, and fifty-four thousand 
accepted the invitation. Surely it was a gathering without parallel in all 
history—victors and vanquished meeting on the scene of battle fifty years 
after the event and sealing the bonds of brotherhood. From all parts of 
the country they came. They brought their uniforms of blue and their 
uniforms of gray. They brought their tattered banners, their wounds 
long healed, and their memories of conflict still fresh. They brought also 
their love of a united country and their love of their fellow man. Among 
those who participated in the formal exercises of the four days were Presi- 


211 


HISTORY.OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


dent Wilson, Vice-President Marshall, Speaker Clark and eleven Gov- 
ernors of States both North and South. Many were the scenes, both touch- 
ing and stirring, enacted on various parts of the famous field during the 
“Peace Jubilee,” as it was called. From the Seminary cupola, where fifty 
years before Buford and Reynolds and the aides of Lee had surveyed a 
field of carnage, now Union and Confederate veterans, standing side by 
side, looked out upon a tented city stretching peacefully from Seminary 
Ridge to Cemetery Ridge and inhabited by nearly sixty thousand honored 
guests of a loyal State and a grateful Nation. 
In addition to the great army of veterans who came for the fiftieth an- 
niversary, at least ten thousand other visitors came to witness the celebra- 
tion or to participate in it. These had to find lodging in 
The Seminary > the town. Many of them were distinguished persons 
as Host who came as the “specially invited guests” of the State 
of Pennsylvania. To some of these the Seminary threw 
wide its doors of hospitality. President Singmaster was a member of the locat 
Citizens’ Committee and was in constant touch with the State Commission 
and the Congressional Committee, and so had a prominent part in propos- 
ing the celebration and preparing for it. During the anniversary week the 
Seminary played host to more than a hundred guests each day. Here 
where such havoc had once been wrought by the surging forces of war, the 
families of Union and Confederate officers now slept under the same roof 
and ate at the same table. Here on the quiet hillside the venerable Grant 
of Sedgwick’s Corps met the gallant Law of Longstreet’s Corps and dis- 
cussed their nation’s past and pondered its future. Here one thousand Vir- 
ginia veterans came marching, with their Confederate banners waving and 
above them all the Stars and Stripes, to receive back again a Confederate 
flag taken from them in battle fifty years before. Here Governor Mann 
of Virginia, together with his staff, were guests during the celebration and 
here the Governor, himself a veteran of the War, solemnly pledged the peo- 
ple of his Commonwealth to follow the flag of the Union wherever it goes. 
And here for several days the children and grandchildren of Meade lingered 
in most friendly intercourse with the grandchildren of Longstreet, the 
daughters of Hill and Heth, and the grandsons of Pickett. 
It is manifestly beyond the scope of these pages to recount the full 
story of the great Reunion of 1913. The official report of the Pennsylvania 
State Commission fills a stately volume of more than 
A Peace four hundred pages. In this report the Lutheran The- 
Portico ological Seminary is referred to as “our Seminary 
Hotel.” Nearly half a million dollars were expended for 
the Reunion by the Pennsylvania and Federal Governments, and out of this 
amount the Seminary was compensated for its part in entertaining the dis- 
tinguished guests of the State. The fund thus received was used to erect a 
stately portico on the west side of the old Seminary building. The portico is 


212 


DURINGS HE BAPTLE 


semicircular in form and is upheld by six beautiful Doric columns. A bronze 
plate bears the inscription: ‘““This Portico is a Peace Memorial Commem- 
orating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle, A. D. 1913.” It is a fitting 
memorial of the great Peace Jubilee. At the same time it makes the Sem- 
inary to face on the battlefield avenue and converts what once had been the 
rear of the building into its front. It is highly appropriate that the old 
“school of the prophets” with its message of universal grace and universal 
peace should face westward as well as eastward and that the view from 








THE PEACE PorRTICO, Erected 1914. 


the cupola, like the dome overhead, should spread toward the South as well 
as the North and East and West. 

Having passed through the Battle, therefore, and the Reunion fifty years 
later, the Seminary stands today not only as a stately 
memorial of war but also as a thrilling inspiration to A Monument 
peace. On the fourth of July, 1913, as the Reunion Cele- of Peace 
bration was drawing to a close, the Union signal flags 
waved from Cemetery Ridge the dying words of Robert E. Lee, “Duty is 


213 


HISTORY4OF GETEPYSBURGRSEMINARS 


the noblest word in our language.’ The Confederate flags waved back the 
dying words of Ulysses S. Grant, “Let us have peace.’ Then promptly 
came the answer, ‘Peace on earth, good will to men.” All this is the mes- 
sage of the Seminary through a century. And the hundreds of her stu- 
dents and the thousands of her visitors cannot fail to catch the thrill of that 
message as they enter her -gates or pass through her halls or sit at the feet 
of her teachers. 

Thus Gettysburg, long enshrined in the hearts of Lutherans because of 
its Seminary and College, is new engraved indelibly upon the colossal col- 
umn of world history because of the famous Battle, the immortal Address, 
and the great Reunion. 


214 


CEA Reet 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS, 1864-1896 


The breach made in the walls of the Seminary building by the military 
battle of Gettysburg was promptly repaired and the property of the school 
was placed in better condition than it had been for many 
years. Likewise, the breach made in the constituency A New Spirit 
of the Seminary by the disruption of the General Synod of Enterprise 
and the founding of a new seminary was followed 
immediately by a period of reconstruction and a spirit of enterprise 
such as the institution had never known before. The discordant elements 
had seceded and no effort was made to force them back into the old union. 
The causes of internal discord that for two decades had interfered with 
the proper functioning of the institution were now for the most part re- 
moved. For some years there was to be vigorous firing across the bound- 
ary lines of the two general bodies, but this war with a foreign power, so 
far from imposing a handicap, only spurred on the loyal to greater zeal on 
behalf of their own institution. The new spirit of enterprise applied to 
every aspect of the Seminary’s life. 

Less than two months after the Ministerium of Pennsylvania had re- 
solved to establish a new seminary and even before Dr. Brown was elected 
to succeed Dr. Schmucker, the agitation began for a 
large increase in the facilities and equipment of the Sem- To Enlarge 
inary at Gettysburg. The leader in this movement was the Faculty 
Dr. F. W. Conrad. He was pastor at Chambersburg, a 
Director of the Seminary, and one of the editors of the Lutheran Ob- 
server. In a serious of vigorous editorials he appealed for the more ade- 
quate endowment of all our literary institutions, particularly the Gettysburg 
Seminary. He pointed out that the theological departments of Yale. and 
Harvard and the seminaries of the other large denominations all employed 
four professors, while our school at Gettysburg had only two. He main- 
tained, therefore, that “the wants of the Church require that two more 
professors be added to its faculty, the one devoting his whole time to in- 
struction and the other becoming the pastor of the College and Seminary 
church and teaching homiletics and perhaps also pastoral theology in the 


Seminary.” This, he showed, would require an additional endowment of 
$30,000, and he issued repeated calls for that amount. 
Dr. Conrad’s calls met with such a gratifying re- Conrad’s Call 


sponse that he increased his goal to $50,000. The 
amount was required, he said, because of the withdrawal of the German 
professor and because of the proposal to increase the Seminary course 


215 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


from two to three years. A circular was issued setting forth the plans 
for expansion at the Seminary and pleading for the additional endowment 
to “meet the exigencies of the present epoch 
of its history.” Repeatedly he refers to “this 
crisis period in the history of the Seminary.” 
Present always was the thought of keeping in 
advance of the new seminary at Philadelphia, 
which had made a successful beginning. The 
literary debate between Dr. Brown and Dr. 
Krauth had begun and Dr. Brown’s telling 
strokes in defense of Gettysburg aroused the 
zeal of Gettysburg’s supporters. The deep feel- 
ing on Church questions was coined into en- 
dowment funds. Within five months after Dr. 
Brown’s election Dr. Conrad could announce 
that he had secured $13,500 from one family 
alone, the Graft family -of Pittsburgh. This Erepgrrck W. ConRAD. 
amount, it was hoped, would be increased to 
$20,000, and it was set down as the endowment of the “Graff Professorship 
of Homiletics.” Other large amounts were in prospect. There was much 
enthusiasm and the official Board of Directors was encouraged to take 
important action. 
At a special meeting of the Directors in April, 1865, constitutional notice 
was given that at the next regular meeting an election would be held “for 
one, two or more professors.” A committee was ap- 
The Baltimore pointed to specify the names of the new chairs and re- 
Convention arrange the course of instruction. This was an act 
of faith, for the funds to sustain two more _ pro- 
fessors were as yet nowhere in sight. But at the instigation of Dr. Conrad 
a convention of the friends of the Seminary was held in Baltimore early in 
June for the purpose of laying plans “to complete the endowment of the 
Seminary.” Members of the convention subscribed about $12,000, and the 
convention itself expressed its conviction that the additional $24,000 re- 
quired to make a total of $50,000 would be subscribed before the August 
meeting of the Directors. 
Dr. Conrad continued the campaign by personal interviews, by corres- 
pondence and by appeals through the press. In this he was ably assisted 
by Dr. Brown, Dr. Hay, and others. When the Direc- 
The Response tors met in August he could report nearly $30,000 already 
paid in and bright prospects for the early completion of 
the full amount. Thus it came about that the Seminary Board of Directors, in 
the very year when the student body was the smallest it had ever been and 
at the very session when they roundly scored Dr. Schaeffer for his sudden 
and irregular withdrawal and denied seats to the men of the Pennsylvania 


216 





RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


Ministerium, nevertheless proceeded to one of the largest undertakings in 
the history of the institution. They proceeded “in the fear of God and in 
reliance on His favor” to double the Faculty. 

Before the new professors were chosen, the course of instruction was 
rearranged into four departments. The professorships were designated as 
follows: (1) The Professor of Didactic and Polemic 
Theology; (2) The Professor of Old and New Testa- The Four 
ment Philology and Exegesis; (3) The Professor of Bib- Departments 
lical and Ecclesiastical History; (4) The Graff Profes- 
sor of Homiletics, Church Government and Pastoral Theology. The title 
“The German Professor” was retained on the list for a few years because 
there was some hope of forcing the Pennsylvania Ministerium to sustain a 
successor to Dr. Schaeffer at Gettysburg. This hope soon vanished and the 
title was dropped. The four departments named above called for the full 
time of four men. 

As incumbent of the chair of Didactic and Polemic Theology and chair- 
man of the Faculty the Directors named Dr. J. A. Brown. Dr. Brown had 
been elected in August, 1864, but because no formal 
notice had been given of the Board’s intention to elect Brown in 
he was at that time elected only temporarily. At the Theology 
special meeting of the Directors in April, 1855, he 
was elected permanently. His inauguration took place in connection with 
the Seminary Commencement in August. From the president of the Board, 
Dr. Lochman, he received the charge to give special attention to the piety of 
the students, to guard them equally against wild fanaticism and cold formal- 
ism, and to ground them in the distinctive doctrines and usages of the Luth- 
eran Church. 

Dr. Brown’s inaugural address on “The Theology for the Times” was 
profoundly gratifying to the conservative majority in the General Synod 
There had been a slight element of uncertainty as to his 
ecclesiastical position, but now he declared himself un- Brown’s 
equivocally as standing “on the basis of a broad, lib- Inaugural 
eral, but genuine Lutheranism, a Lutheranism that 
knows to distinguish between the slavery of the letter and the freedom of 
the spirit.” He promised to stand by “the General Synod as the best ex- 
ponent of Lutheranism in these United States” and declared that if any 
reform or change should ever be needed he would “work constitutionally 
from within and not schismatically from without.’ He set forth that the 
theology needed by the American Lutheran Church in that age must be 
strictly Scriptural, conservatively Lutheran, evangelically liberal and not 
narrowly exclusive, clear and well defined, comprehensive and progressive, 
and quickening and transforming. Dr. Brown had struck the right note 
for an era of reconstruction in the history of the Seminary. He expressed 
himself clearly and positively and his address met with much applause 


217 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


among the constituency of the school. As one writer put it: “Such a man 
will make Gettysburg honorable throughout the land and terrible to her 
enemies.” 
The chair of Old- and New Testament Philology and Exegesis was 
occupied by Dr. Charles Philip Krauth. Dr. Krauth had now begun to 
grow feeble in the service of the Seminary. He was fre- 
Krauth in quently referred to as “the venerable Dr. Krauth,”’ and 
Exegesis only two more years of life were to be his lot. But 
his saintly character was the constant inspiration of his 
students and his learning helped to give lustre to the Faculty. By the re- 
adjustment of the departments in 1865 he was relieved from the teaching 
of Church history and pastoral theology and was permitted to concentrate 
upon the exegetical branches. When the Faculty was enlarged he volun- 
tarily removed from the professor’s house on the Seminary campus and took 
up his abode in his own house in the town, and “in view of his increasing 
infirmities” the students were required to attend his lectures at his resi- 
dence. 
The third professorship was that of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History. 
As the first incumbent of this chair the Directors, at their momentous ses- 
sion in August, 1865, chose the Rev. Milton Valentine, 
Valentine for of Reading, Pa. The professor-elect was a graduate of 
History both the College and the Seminary at Gettysburg. While 
a student in the Seminary he had proved his didactic 
gift by teaching in the Preparatory Department of the College. He was 
now forty years old and had seen pastoral service at Winchester, Va., and 
at Allegheny, Greensburg and Reading, Pa. As pastor at Reading he had 
taken an active part in the work of the East Pennsylvania Synod. He had 
given proof of his scholarly tastes and for ten years his articles on various 
subjects in the Evangelical Review had shown him to be a careful and in- 
tensive student. He had not yet written on controverted subjects, but he 
was known to belong to the mildly conservative party in the General Synod. 
His accession to the Seminary Faculty was a distinct asset. 
The fourth department in the new plan of instruc- 
Hay for Prac- tion, that of Homiletics, Church Government and Pas- 
tical Theology toral Theology, was not yet fully endowed in August, 
1865. Nevertheless, the Directors elected a fourth pro- 
fessor, but with the understanding that he “shall enter upon his duties as 
soon as the remaining sum, yet necessary to his support, shall have been 
secured.” The choice of the Directors fell upon the Rev. Charles A. 
Hay, D.D., of Harrisburg, who was well known to all the friends of 
Gettysburg. Early in his career he had spent four years by the side of Dr. 
Schmucker as teacher of languages in the Seminary. He had had special 
preparation for the teaching office and had given good account of himself 
as a teacher. Since that time he had seen seventeen years of experience in 


218 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


the pastorate. He was widely known as an effective preacher, a faithful 
pastor, and a worthy citizen. He was one of the most prominent members 
of the East Pennsylvania Synod and in 1860 had been its president. The 
Seminary had always claimed his deep interest. Since 1853 he had been a 
member of its Board of Directors continuously and twice he was president 
of the Board. He had taken an active part in the efforts of the Alumni 
Association and in those of the Board to increase the endowment of the 
school. He had been repelled by the confessionalism of the Pennsylvania 
Ministerium and had helped to frame the principal actions of the Gettysburg 
Board concerning Dr. Schaeffer’s withdrawal and the unseating of the Min- 
isterium’s chosen Directors. The announcement of his election to the new 
professorship was cordially received by the alumni and friends of the 
Seminary. 

Both Dr. Valentine and Dr. Hay accepted the calls extended them. At 
a conference of the officers of the Board, the Faculty of the Seminary, and 
the newly-elected professors, it was arranged that Dr. 
Hay should begin his new work at once and that Dr. Hay Begins 
Valentine should not come to Gettysburg’ until the Work 
spring of 1866. This arrangement was agreed upon 
because Dr. Hay was qualified to give German instruction and there was 
immediate need for such instruction. Arriving in Gettysburg in September, 
1865, Dr. Hay was inducted into office at once, although his formal instal- 
lation did not take place until the following summer. He lived in the sec- 
ond professor’s house on the Seminary campus, which Dr. Krauth had just 
vacated. In addition to pastoral theology he taught Hebrew and German. 
The Hebrew he undertook in order to relieve Dr. Krauth. The three sub- 
jects that Dr. Hay assumed in 1865 were those for which he was best 
trained, and with slight variation they continued to be his branches of in- 
struction throughout his long service of nearly thirty years. 

Dr. Valentine did not come to Gettysburg until the late summer of 1866. 
He was formally installed at the same time with Dr. Hay. Meanwhile 
other items had been added to the program of internal 


reconstruction. It was felt that the increase of funds ~ The General 
of the institution would justify further expansion in Howard 
the curriculum. Dr. Conrad reported in 1866 that his Professorship 


subscriptions were approaching the goal of $50,000. Dr. 

Brown had begun an active campaign to endow the “General Howard Pro- 
fessorship.” This was an effort to turn patriotic sentiment to good account 
for the Seminary and the appeal was made far beyond the ranks of the 
Lutheran Church. It was argued that the decisive character of the battle 
of Gettysburg in the War that had just ended, the important part played 
in that battle both by the Theological Seminary and by Major-General 
Howard, together with the positive Christian character of the General, 
justified the endowment of a chair in his honor. 


219 


HISTORY.OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Both these financial efforts had bright prospects of success and before 
another year had passed they had brought to the Seminary nearly $80,000, 
increasing the total endowment funds to more than one 
Increased hundred thousand dollars. Moreover, the supporting 
Income synods, of which there now were five, were each con- 
tributing annually twenty or thirty dollars to the repair 
and contingent fund of the institution. In addition, several of the synods 
gave ten dollars each year for the purchase of books for the library. These 
various sources of increased income justified abundant hopes for a bright 
future and called forth a high spirit of enterprise in those charged with the 
management of the institution. 
With the prospect of having the full time services of 
A Three-Years’ four professors in 1866, the Directors at their meeting 
Course that summer ordered the Faculty to arrange the plan 
of study so that it would cover a course of three years 
as provided by the constitution. This provision of the constitution had 
been allowed to fall into disuse after the first ten years of the Seminary’s 
life, largely because the synods were constrained by the dearth of min- 
isters to ordain men before they had completed three years of study. But 
now in the day of larger undertakings the Seminary decided to return to 
the ideal of the founders and thus conform to the practice of the best sem- 
inaries of other denominations in America. This time the synods were per- 
suaded to co-operate in the plan, and it was put into immediate effect. 
The Faculty drafted a course extending over three 
A New years and divided the subjects among the four profes- 
Curriculum sors, although only four hours were assigned to Dr. 
Krauth. A few new subjects were introduced, such as 
Church confessions, natural theology and the relations of science and phi- 
losophy to revelation. Responding to the demands of the times a stronger 
apologetic note entered into the curriculum. But the extension of the course 
of study was brought about largely by the subdividing of the former dis- 
ciplines, and instead of didactic theology now appear dogmatic theology, 
polemic theology and history of doctrines. 
The new course was widely advertised in the Church 
A New papers. A new edition of the catalogue was also pub- 
Catalogue lished, the first since 1860 and only the fifth in the his- 
tory of the school. In addition to the constitution of 
the Seminary and a list of all former students it displayed a wood-cut of 
the campus with its three buildings and proudly listed five professors, Dr. 
Schmucker as professor-emeritus, and Drs. Brown, Krauth, Hay and Val- 
entine as the active teaching corps. It gave the names of twelve students 
then in attendance. In connection with its outline of a course of study 
covering three years it stated that “Special attention is given, throughout 


220 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


the course, to the German language, with a view. to qualify all the students 
to use it in their pastoral labors.” 

The new catalogue of 1867 also announced a change in the sessions of 
the Seminary. The practice had been to have two sessions each year, with 
two vacations of six weeks each, beginning the middle 
of April and the middle of August respectively. Now it A Change in 
was ordered by the Directors, on a petition from the Sessions 
students endorsed by the Faculty, that there should be 
one session of nine months, extending from the last Thursday in September 
to the fourth Thursday in June and interrupted only by a two weeks’ recess 
at Christmas. This plan was in practice in several other theological sem- 
inaries and it had a double advantage in allowing the student to earn more 
funds for his support and in permitting more intensive study by avoiding 
interruptions. 

The curriculum thus enlarged and intensified was Increased 
based upon the expectation of an increase in attendance. Attendance 
Already in 1866 the number of students had begun to 
recover from the disruption of 1864. and there was abundant hope for 
still larger accessions. 

The Faculty requested Drs. Schmucker and Hay “to correspond with the 
mission houses of Basel and Bremen and with prominent German profes- 
sors and pastors, with a view of inducing worthy young 
Germans having the ministry in view to spend a year or No Students 
two in our Seminary.” But when Professor Tho- from Germany 
luck and others offered to send orthodox young men 
who had practically completed their education, provided the Faculty at 
Gettysburg would pay their traveling expenses from Germany and guar- 
antee them immediate appointments in connection with their Seminary 
work, the Faculty declared that their wishes had been misunderstood and 
it was soon ordered “that the foreign correspondence be dropped.” Only 
one student came to the Seminary from Germany in this period. He was 
from the school at Chrischona, near Basel. 

More successful were the efforts to secure students from American 
sources outside of Pennsylvania College. When the Faculty wrote to Dr. 
D. F. Bittle, president of Roanoke College, offering the 
services of the Gettysburg Seminary for the theological ; 
training of Roanoke graduates who were students for American 
the ministry, a small stream of men began to flow Schools 
from that source. The Lutheran colleges in the West began to send some 
of their graduates to Gettysburg for their theology. In the summer of 
1867 Illinois State University suspended its Theological Department and 
some of its students came to Gettysburg. Many of the graduates of the 
Missionary Institute at Selinsgrove, Pa., finished their courses in the 
Gettysburg Seminary. These tributaries, together with the main stream 


221 


Many from 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


from Pennsylvania College, served rapidly to replenish the supply of 
students at the Seminary. From five in September, 1864, the number in- 
creased to thirteen in 1867, then to twenty-seven in 1869, and to forty-four 
in 1872. This was by far the largest number in the history of the institu- 
tion up to that time. It was the fruit of agitation and repeated appeals in 
the Church papers and of the spirit of larger undertakings as manifested 
in the new curriculum and enlarged Faculty. 
But the full complement of four professors was soon 
Death of broken. On Ascension Day, 1867, it was announced to 
Krauth the Seminary community that Dr. Krauth, the senior 
member of the Faculty, had passed away. For more 
than forty years he had been prominently identified with the Seminary and 
he was the first professor to die in the service. He took part in the private 
conferences that preceded the action of the General Synod in founding the 
Seminary, was a member of the committee to draft the plan for such a 
school, one of the first financial agents appointed, the first secretary of the 
Board of Directors, and the third man called to be a professor in the insti- 
tution. He was an instructor in the Seminary not only during the last 
seventeen years of his life when he gave it his full time, but also during 
most of the sixteen years that he was president of the College. His death 
called forth touching sentiments of the highest regard from Faculty and 
Directors. A monument was erected at his grave. A large photograph 
was prepared and hung in the Missionary Hall. His library was purchased 
for $1,060, and a present of $500 from the funds of the Seminary was 
made to his widow. A sketch of his life and work is recorded in Chapter 
XV of this volume. 
No successor to Dr. Krauth was chosen at once. His hours were divided 
among the remaining three professors, Dr. Brown taking the New Testa- 
ment exegesis, Dr. Hay the Biblical criticism, and Dr. 
Krauth’s Work Valentine the Church polity. For these extra services 
Parceled Out the professors were allowed $200 additional salary. 
The increase in salary was much needed. There had 
been great increase in the cost of living at the close of the War, but the 
salaries of the professors had remained at $1,000 and house-rent, except in 
the case of Dr. Brown, whose salary was $400 more. The new arrange- 
ment concerning Dr. Krauth’s work tided over the finances of the institu- 
tion until more of the funds subscribed through Drs. Conrad and Brown 
might be collected. It also afforded the Directors time to choose a prop- 
erly qualified man as successor to Dr. Krauth. 
Before Dr. Krauth’s successor could be chosen a sec- 
Valentine ond vacancy occurred in the Faculty. Dr. Valentine was 
Resigns called in 1868 to be the president of the College. At first 
he declined the call, because he was reluctant to assume 
executive duties. But being twice elected by unanimous vote and strongly 


222 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


urged, he finally accepted and at once resigned his chair in the Seminary. 
He had taught only two years, but he had proved himself a valuable asset 
to the institution and his going was deeply regretted. 

The Directors at a special meeting in September unanimously elected 
Rev. Charles A. Stork, of Baltimore, to succeed Dr. Valentine. Mr. Stork 
was not himself a graduate of the Seminary at Gettys- 
burg, but in his family there were strong traditions of Stork Declines 
friendship to the Seminary. His father was one of its 
graduates and for some years had been a member of its Board of Directors. 
His grandfather had bequeathed a number of books to the library of the 
school while it was vet in its infancy. Mr. Stork was barely thirty years 
old in 1868, but gave splendid promise of scholarship. The year before his 
election to the Seminary he had declined a call to the professorship of Eng- 
lish in the College. He now also declined the call to the Seminary because 
he was bound too strongly to his church in Baltimore. “I know,” he wrote, 
“that I should be doing violence to the whole bent of my nature to lapse 
into the mere speculative thinker and teacher.” His declination left the 
Seminary with only two professors for that year. This was particularly 
unfortunate in view of the increasing number of students. Happily it was 
only temporary. 

The securing of a successor to Dr. Valentine was not easy. When 
Rev. Charles A. Stork declined the call of the Directors, all the work of 
teaching was carried for one year (1868-1869) by Dr. 

Brown and Dr. Hay. The next year the balloting of the Baugher and 
Directors resulted in no choice and the work of the third Morris He!p 
professorship was divided among three men. Dr. Valen- 

tine in connection with his work at the College taught three hours a week at 
the Seminary. Professor H. L. Baugher, who was a son of the former Presi- 
dent of the College and had just come to teach Greek in the College, also 
taught three hours in the Seminary. And Dr. J. G. Morris, of Baltimore, 
agreed to spend two weeks at Gettysburg during the year lecturing on pulpit 
elocution and the relations of physical science to revealed religion. 

This arrangement continued for three years while the Directors vainly 
sought to fill the vacancy. In 1871 Rev. Mr. Stork was again elected and 
again declined. At a special meeting in November Dr. 

Valentine was urged to return to the chair in the Sem- Others Decline 
inary, but in vain. At the same session, after a large 

number of ballots had been taken, Rev. E. J. Wolf, of Baltimore, was chosen. 
After much consideration Mr. Wolf declined the call. The next year the 
Trustees of the College insisted that Dr. Valentine be relieved of all work 
in the Seminary. The Directors of the Seminary then unanimously elected 
Dr. S. Sprecher, president of Wittenberg College. But Dr. Sprecher 
replied that he must decline the call “for the present” because the Witten- 
berg Directors had decided to suspend their theological department and send 


ean 


HISTORY, OF (GETIYSBURG JSEMINAI 


their theological students to Gettysburg, with the understanding that Dr. 
Sprecher should remain as the head of the College. Other efforts to choose 
a professor in 1872 were unavailing and it was arranged that the Rev. Mr. 
Stork, of Baltimore, should teach six hours a week for half a year and 
thus take the place of Dr. Valentine. Mr. Stork declined to continue this 
arrangement more than one year, and again in 1873 repeated efforts were 
made to secure the full time of a third professor. 
First, Dr. Valentine was re-elected and strongly urged 
Wolf Accepts to accept. He did accept and presented his resignation 
as president of the College, but the resignation was not 
accepted and he remained as the head of the College. Two months later, at 
a special meeting of the Directors, the third professorship was designated 
the “Chair of History” and Dr. Luther E. Albert, of Germantown, was 
chosen as the incumbent. When Dr. Albert declined, another special meet- 





THIRD PROFESSOR’s HoUsE. 
Erected in 1875; occupied by Dr. Wolf, 1875-1905, and by Dr. Coover since 1905. 


ing was held in December and Dr. E. J. Wolf was elected again, this time 
unanimously. Dr. Wolf had studied at the College and Seminary at Gettys- 
burg and at the Universities of Tuebingen and Erlangen. He had been 
pastor at Turbotville, Pa., and at the Second Lutheran Church in Balti- 


224 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


more. Though only thirty-four years old, he was well equipped for teach- 
ing and had all the instincts of a teacher. He accepted the call to the Sem- 
inary and took up his work there in April, 1874. He was formally installed 
during the Commencement Week in June, his official title being ‘Professor 
of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History and New Testament Exegesis.” His 
inaugural address was on “The Value of Ecclesiastical History to the Evan- 
gelical Lutheran Church.” By personal solicitation he gathered the funds 
to erect the third professor’s house on the Seminary property just south of 
what is now Springs Avenue. 

At the same time that Dr. Wolf was elected, a committee was appointed 
to negotiate with “some suitable person from Germany” to fill the fourth 
professorship. There had been repeated assaults on the 
Seminary by the German Lutheran papers of America No Teacher 
on the ground that not enough attention was being from Germany 
devoted to instruction in German. Then, too, the eyes 
of the Gettysburg Directors may have been turned towards Germany for 
the fourth professor because two of the teachers in the Philadelphia Sem- 
inary had been born and trained in the Fatherland. Nothing came of the 
negotiations of the committee, and: for eight years the Faculty consisted of 
Brown, Hay and Wolf, with Dr. Morris continuing his annual course of 
lectures. 

Before a successor to Dr. Valentine had been found the Seminary suf- 
fered the loss of its Professor-Emeritus. Dr. Schmucker died August 26, 
1873. He had reached the age of seventy-five. For nine 
years he had lived in retirement, but he had been writ- Schmucker’s 
ing steadily, and co-operating in the work of the West Death 
Pennsylvania and the General Synods, and he had main- 
tained his interest in the Seminary to the last. Several times during his lat- 
ter years the Directors had convened at his home. The individual members 
of the Faculty paid glowing tributes to his memory and the Board of Direc- 
tors in its resolutions characterized him as “the founder of our Seminary”’ 
and bore fine testimony to his “moral worth, his attainments as a scholar, 
his Christian character and his eminent usefulness.” A large portrait was 
procured and placed in Missionary Hall. Dr. Schmucker’s death called 
forth many tributes from former students, all of them recognizing him as 
the father of the institution. 

If Dr. Schmucker had lived only three years longer he would have par- 
ticipated in the semi-centennial celebration of the institution which he had 
founded. The celebration came in the year 1876, which 
was also the centennial of American independence. The The Semi- 
plans for the jubilee, prepared by a joint committee of Centennial 
the Directors and the Alumni Association, included 
two main features. The first feature was the holding of public exercises 
of celebration at Gettysburg during two days of Commencement Week, 


225 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


June 27 and 28. The second feature was the securing of a fund of $25,000, 
of which $10,000 was to be used to erect a fire-proof library building, 
$10,000 to endow the library, and $5,000 to be a permanent fund to meet 
contingent expenses. 

The program for the jubilee exercises and the grand reunion was ar- 
ranged largely by the Faculty. It was as follows: 


Ab THE: COLLEGE GHURGE 
Tuespay, A. M. 

Rev. Prof. J. A. Brown, D.D. (chairman of the Faculty)—A 
Congratulatory Address. 

Rev. F. W. Conrad, D.D.—‘“The Influence of This Seminary on 
the Church.” 

Rev. S. W. Harkey, D.D—‘What the Church Owes in Return 
to this Seminary.” 


Tuespay, P. M. 
Rev. Prof. J. B. Davis, D.D—‘The History of Theological Sem- 
inaries.” 
Rev. Prof. B. Sadtler, D.D.—‘“The Advantages of a Seminary 
Training.” 


TUESDAY EVENING 


Seminary Graduation Exercises. 
Alumni Association Meeting. 


WEDNESDAY, A. M. 
Rev. J..G. Morris; D.D.,, LE. D—=“This sseminarys= History ana 
Statistics.” 
Rey. M. Sheeleigh—A Poem. 
Rev. R. Weiser, D.D.—‘“‘The Necrology of This Seminary.” 


AT THE SEMINARY—GRAND REUNION 
WEDNESDAY, P. M. 

Rev. L. E. Albert, D.D. (president of the Board)—Address of 
Welcome. 

Rev. W. N. Scholl, D.D—Response to Welcome. 

Rev. W. M. Baum, D.D.—“‘What Memorial Shall We Rear 
Todayr” 

Volunteer speeches, not over five minutes each. 


Much publicity was given to the event and large crowds attended all the 
exercises. Dr. Conrad, in estimating the contribution of the Seminary to 
the life of the Church during the half century of its existence, showed its 
various lines of influence through pastors and preachers, missionaries, 
editors and teachers. He set forth that thirty-nine of the alumni of 


226 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


the Seminary had become presidents or professors of educational insti- 
tutions. He tried to project his vision into the future, even to the one- 
hundredth anniversary of the Seminary’s birth, and there 

he saw that “under the legitimate influence exerted di- Conrad’s 
rectly and indirectly by this Seminary, the Lutheran Address 
Church in this country would by divine blessing become 

in doctrine the most orthodox, in experience the most spiritual, in 
worship the most reverent, in government the most Scriptural, in piety the 
most holy, in practice the most energetic, in expedients the most prolific, in 
benevolence the most liberal, in enterprise the most aggressive, in fellowship 
the most catholic the world has ever seen in any age or any land.” 

The death-roll of the Seminary, as read by Dr. Reuben Weiser, con- 
tained the names of one hundred and twenty-one alumni and former stu- 
dents. Dr. Morris, who had been intimately associated 
with the institution from the very beginning, read a paper Morris’ 
giving a chronicle of the chief events in the life of the Chronology 
school. This paper was published in the October (1876) 
number of the Lutheran Quarterly. It set forth that five hundred and 
thirty-seven men had been students in the Seminary, of whom six never 
entered the ministry, six had abandoned the ministry after some years of 
service, eight had become Presbyterian ministers, two Episcopal, one Bap- 
tist, one Universalist, one Swedenborgian, and one a bishop in the African 
Methodist Episcopal Church, leaving five hundred and eleven who had 
entered the active ministry of the Lutheran Church. Of this number nine 
had gone as missionaries to foreign lands, thirty-eight had received the title 
of Doctor of Divinity, three the title of Doctor of Laws, and one hundred 
and thirty-three were authors of books. The jubilee exercises served to arouse 
more intense loyalty on the part of the friends and alumni of the institution. 

The second feature in the general plan for the semi-centennial celebra- 
tion was not so successful. The committee in charge of the jubilee fund 
had Dr. L. A. Gotwald as its chairman. They labored 
faithfully and long. Many methods of appeal were used. The Jubilee 
Among others, a handsome colored lithograph of the Fund 
Seminary buildings and grounds was prepared as a gift 
to all donors of five dollars or over. With all the efforts of the commit- 
tee, however, they were compelled to report at the end of a year total col- 
lections of less than four thousand dollars. 

The effort was continued, but the sum never totaled five thousand dol- 
lars. Many reasons were assigned for this meager result, but today it is 
clear that sufficient explanation is found in the unparal- 
leled financial depression that swept over the country at Meager Results 
that time. Positive distress prevailed in business circles 
and many long-established houses succumbed to the panic. Even the ordinary 
objects of benevolence could not be sustained, and with the best of will the 


Cpa 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


constituency of the Seminary simply could not respond to the appeal for a 
library building and a library endowment fund. When the business strin- 
gency passed, the semi-centennial year also had ended, and this part of the 
plan for the celebration could not be carried to completion. 
Shortly after the Seminary passed the half-century 
Brown mark it had to choose a new chairman for its Faculty. 
Stricken Dr. Brown was in the full vigor of his intellectual 
powers and at the very height of his usefulness to the 
Seminary when on December 8, 1879, he suffered a stroke of paralysis. It 
affected his right side and also completely deprived him of the power of 
speech. Through the other members of the Faculty and the officers of the 
Directorate, arrangements were made for Dr. Valentine, president of the 
College, to take two hours of Dr. Brown’s schedule during the remainder 
of the year and for Dr. Hay and Dr. Wolf to carry the rest of Dr. 
Brown’s hours. The departments were so re-arranged for the time being 
that Dr. Wolf had all the work in dogmatic theology. Dr. Hay acted as 
temporary chairman of the Faculty. 
At the regular meeting of the Directors in June, 1880, 
Brown’s Dr. Brown tendered his resignation, but in token of his 
Death faithful and valuable services to the Seminary and 
in the hope that he might soon regain his speech, the 
Directors declined to accept his resignation at that time and the temporary 
arrangements for instruction were continued another year. In 1881, as 
there was no prospect of his recovery, his resignation was offered again, 
and was now accepted, and he was made Professor-Emeritus. He removed 
with his family to Lancaster and one year later died of apoplexy. The 
Directors in a series of resolutions expressed their profound sense of “loss 
to the Seminary of an instructor rich in learning, brave in the defense of 
the truth, lovingly attached to the work of instruction, and commanding in 
his influence upon his students.” An expensive crayon portrait of Dr. 
Brown was procured and placed in the Seminary Chapel. Thus passed one 
of the most forceful personalities ever connected with the Seminary. A 
sketch of his life and work is found in Chapter XV of this volume. 
As successor to Dr. Brown the Directors at once, in 
Stork Accepts June, 1881, chose Rev. Charles A. Stork, D.D.~ This 
was the fourth time that Dr. Stork was called to Gettys- 
burg. More than twenty years before Dr. Stork had had experience in 
teaching at Newberry College as a colleague of Dr. Brown, and now, al- 
though only forty-three years old, he had also had twenty years of ex- 
perience in the pastorate of St. Mark’s Church in Baltimore. He loved the 
work of the pastorate, but he had abundantly proved his superior intellectual 
talent and the leaders in the Church longed to see him in a professor’s 
chair. His sermons showed a strong element of the didactic and his 
numerous articles in the Lutheran Quarterly and the Observer placed him 


228 


RECONSTRUCTION ‘AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


in the forefront of speculative thinkers and writers in the Lutheran Church 
in America. A weakness of the throat had begun to make the work in the 
pulpit somewhat burdensome, and he was constrained this time to accept 
the call to Gettysburg, as teacher of systematic theology and homiletics and 
as the new head of the school. 

Dr. Stork took up his new work in September, 1881. His inaugural 
address dealing with “Advance in Theology” showed the fine temper of the 
man. The distaste for doctrinal theology in that age he 


ascribed to the fact that theology had fallen out of re- Stork’s 
lation to life and so had become too speculative, too Inaugural 
notional, too much a matter of dialetics. “To rescue 


theology from its passion for dialectics and marry it to life is its only hope 
of salvation from neglect.” He proposed that the doctrine of the Person 
of Christ should be used as a guide in recasting the theology of the Luth- 
eran Church in its further advance. Taking the three articles of Justifica- 
tion by Faith, Baptism, and the Lord’s Supper, he suggested concretely how 
this Christocentric method of theologizing might be made to redeem the- 
ology from its neglect and even disrepute. He delighted his students with 
his methods and deeply impressed the Church with his theological positions 
and his intellectual power. The Seminary had a bright morrow in prospect. 

Unfortunately before Dr. Stork had spent a single year at his post in 
the Seminary his throat trouble took a serious turn and from time to time 
he was obliged to suspend his work in the class-room. 

Less than two years did he spend in the service of the Stork’s Death 
institution. Obliged to discontinue his work of teaching 

in February, 1883, he offered his resignation to the Directors at their meet- 
ing in June of that year. His resignation was not accepted and he was 
given a year’s leave of absence. However, all efforts to halt the malady 
proved unavailing and he died on December 17, 1883. Twice within eighteen 
months the Seminary community was called to mourn the loss of its head. 
Dr. Stork’s early death was lamented throughout the Church. It was a 
source of profound grief in Seminary circles that such eminent talents 
could not be used in the direct service of the institution for a longer period. 
A sketch of his life is recorded in Chapter XV of this volume. 

The year that closed with the death of Charles Augustus Stork had 
opened with the death of Charles Porterfield Krauth, the professor of sys- 
tematic theology in the Philadelphia Seminary. The Di- 
rectors of the Philadelphia institution had turned to the Jacobs to 
Faculty of Gettysburg College for a successor, and there Philadelphia 
in the person of Dr. Henry Eyster Jacobs, pro- 
fessor first of Latin and history, then of ancient languages, and finally of 
Greek, they found a teacher well qualified for the vacant chair in Phila- 
delphia. Dr. Jacobs was a son of that Michael Jacobs who was connected 
with the early history of the Seminary. He was also a graduate of the 


229 


HISTORYVOFE GHEPYSBURG SEMIN@teY 


College and the Seminary at Gettysburg. For thirteen years he had been 
a teacher at Gettysburg, highly esteemed by his students and beloved by his 
colleagues. His advent to the teaching staff of the Philadelphia Seminary 
marked the beginning of a period of better understanding between the two 
institutions. 
To the Faculty of Gettysburg College also the Seminary Board of Di- 
rectors turned for a successor to Charles Augustus Stork. The election 
was held at a special meeting of the Board in March, 
Valentine 1884. Six names were presented to the Directors, among 
Returns them that of Professor Theodore Christlieb, of the 
University of Bonn. After a careful discussion of the 
merits of the various nominees, every vote was cast for Rev. Milton Valen- 
tine, D.D. This was precisely the choice that was expected by all the 
friends of the Seminary. Dr. Valentine easily qualified as the best man to 
fill the vacancy. His two years of regular service as a professor in the 
Seminary (1866-68), his seven years of special work as an instructor in the 
institution, his sixteen years as president of the College, his scholarly writ- 
ings, his vigorous defense of General Synod Lutheranism, and all his per- 
sonal qualities of mind and heart, abundantly proved his fitness for the 
great responsibility. His baccalaureate sermons had marked him as a 
prince of preachers, and throughout the Church it was felt that he would 
be a worthy successor to Schmucker, Brown and Stork. Twice before he 
had been called to the Seminary, but his sense of duty had both times kept 
him at the College. This time, however, he accepted the desire of the 
Church as the will of Providence and became in September, 1884, professor 
of theology and chairman of the Faculty. His arrival was the beginning 
of a period of nineteen years of active service for the Seminary, and his 
inauguration as the head of the institution the signal for new developments 
in this period of larger undertakings. 
In his inaugural address, on September 29, 1884, Dr. 
Valentine’s Valentine clearly indicated what would be the prevail- 
Inaugural ing note in the theology of the Seminary during his ad- 
ministration. His subject was “Some Present Demands 
in Theological Training.” His views on the subject accorded very well 
with those of his immediate predecessor. With reference to doctrinal the- 
ology the new professor set forth four special demands of the times. It 
must be the positive and catholic Lutheranism of the Augsburg Confession. 
It must recognize the principle of development in theological statement, so 
as to enrich and strengthen that statement and apply its living truth in fresh 
adaptations to the new conditions of the Church in our day and land. It 
must always take into account the progress of science and knowledge so as 
to meet the restless inquiries of each new day. And it must maintain the 
evangelical position in the face of Biblical criticism. With reference to the 
practical training of theological students, he emphasized three items. 


230 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


Preachers must be trained for more positive and therefore more doctrinal 
preaching and less preaching about Christianity. Pastors must be trained 
faithfully to instruct and nurture the young of the Church while at the 
same time reaching out, even by series of special evangelistic services, if 
necessary, to claim those who are not of the “constituency” of the Church. 
And the Seminary must help open the eyes of its students to the enterprise 
of world-wide missionary conquest. 

On the basis of these principles Dr. Valentine took up the work of 
teaching theology and for a score of years applied himself with vigor and 
persistency to the special studies necessary to build up 
a system of dogmatics. Throughout that period he was Valentine’s 
revered as a great teacher and loved as a saintly man. Influence 
He brought much honor to the Seminary and_ at- 
tracted students from circles beyond its usual constituency. The heritage 
of his teaching he left in the lives of hundreds of admiring students. Its 
literary deposit he left in his several volumes, particularly in his two vol- 
umes of “Christian Theology” that were published posthumously. 

No sooner had Dr. Valentine signified his acceptance of the call to the 
Seminary than the Directors took measures to increase substantially the 
funds of the institution and inaugurate a forward move- 
ment in its life. The lingering illness of Dr. Brown, More Funds 
followed so closely by the physical disability of Dr. Needed 
Stork, had for several years laid unusual burdens upon 
Drs. Hay and Wolf and had interfered with the fullest efficiency of the Sem- 
inary. The attendance had not diminished, but it had remained practically 
stationary when there should have been a large increase in order to meet 
the needs of a rapidly growing Church and to match its progress in other 
lines of activity. Moreover, the status of theological instruction through- 
out the land called for a further expansion of the curriculum at Gettys- 
burg. Adverse economic conditions had passed. The advent of Dr. Val- 
entine would beget new enthusiasm and furnish occasion for a special appeal. 
The Board of Directors took action. 

Again it was Dr. F. W. Conrad who took the initiative and made the 
suggestion. Dr. Conrad had given up the pastorate at Chambersburg and 
as editor of the Lutheran Observer was living in Phila- 
delphia. He was in touch with the institutions of other Conrad 
Churches and longed to see our Lutheran schools on Leads Off 
a par with the best. As a member of the Gettysburg 
Board of Directors in 1884 he laid down the thesis that “the duty of inter- 
preting the signs of the times is enjoined by the Scriptures and the ex- 
igencies in the domain of theological education in the Lutheran Church 
seem to indicate that the set time to make provision for the support of four 
professors in this Seminary has come.” A committee was appointed, with 
Dr. Conrad as chairman, to secure the funds that would “justify the early 

231 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


election of a fourth professor according to the design of the endowment 
movement inaugurated in January, 1865.” 
It will be recalled that the endowment effort undertaken in 1865 had 
started with the objective of increasing the Faculty of the Seminary to four. 
It had resulted in a very large increase in the funds of 
Review of the institution so that they totaled about one hundred 
Twenty Years thousand dollars, and for one year there were four 
professors giving their full time to the Seminary. 
After the death of Dr. Krauth the total income was applied to the remain- 
ing three professors, but under the increased cost of living it barely af- 
forded them adequate salaries. The semi-centennial effort in 1876 brought 
no substantial increase in the income of the institution, and meanwhile about 
one-fifth of the invested funds had become unproductive and the other four- 
fifths was yielding at a reduced rate. For several years the annual deficits 
were covered by drawing from the invested funds, thus further diminishing 
the income. The Directors in 1879 appointed a committee to devise means 
to increase the permanent endowment funds. The expectation that Dr. 
Brown would carry on the work of personal solicitation was disappointed 
by his sudden physical collapse. In 1880 they employed Rev. A. M. Whet- 
stone, pastor at Somerset, Pa., and a member of the Board, as the financial 
secretary of the institution. The next year the salaries of the professors 
were reduced to $1,500 and house. The work of Mr. Whetstone yielded 
results only slowly; in four years he reported cash and notes aggregating 
about $14,000. This brought the total endowment in 1884 to about ninety 
thousand dollars, the income of which was barely sufficient to support three 
professors. Thus for nearly twenty years the plan to have four professors 
had been only a hope unrealized. Dr. Conrad and his committee now pro- 
posed that the purpose cherished in 1865 should be accomplished at an 
early date. 
Forthwith the columns of the Observer began to call attention to the 
Seminary, setting forth its great service to the Church in times past and 
pointing out its dire needs for the present. After a year 
A Fourth of special effort along this line Dr. Conrad relaxed his 
Professorship endeavors because the College was making a_ special 
appeal for new buildings and he was co-operating actively 
in that work. But then in 1887 having ascertained, as he said, “that a con- 
siderable number of Lutheran theological students of the General Synod had 
gone to three of the great seminaries of other denominations, he interpreted 
this as a providential indication that the set time to resume his efforts had 
come.” In view of the fact that several large legacies would probably soon 
accrue to the credit of the Seminary and in view of the great exigencies 
of the situation he proposed to secure only enough funds to maintain a 
fourth professor for five or six years, leaving the permanent endowment 
of the chair to a later day. The next year he reported that he had obtained 


232 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


the obligations of responsible persons in the sum of $8,000, which would be 
adequate to provide for the immediate support of the fourth professor for 
at least five years. He also reported that he had secured pledges sufficient 
to make up the deficiency in the endowment of the Elizabeth Graff Profes- 
sorship of $20,000 undertaken by the Graff family in 1865. Thereupon the 
Directors elected Dr. Conrad’s friend, the Rev. Prof. James W. Richard, 
D.D., of Springfield, Ohio, as the “Elizabeth Graff Professor of Homi- 
letics.” 

The new professor was thoroughly equipped both by native talent and 
by experience for his work of teaching in the Seminary. A graduate of the 
College and Seminary at Gettysburg, he had spent two 
years in a pastorate in Illinois, and at the age of Richard Called 
thirty had begun to teach Latin and history in Carthage 
College. For five years he was pastor of the church at Carthage. After 
ten years of teaching at Carthage he was from 1883 to 1885 secretary of 
the Board of Church Extension. Everywhere his work was characterized 
by a high degree of ability and fidelity. He wrote freely, not only for the 
Lutheran Observer and the Lutheran Quarterly, but occasionally also for 
the Methodist Review, the Andover Review and the Bibliotheca Sacra. He 
had a reputation as a clear thinker and ready writer with a flowing style 
and force of expression. In 1885 he became professor of sacred philology 
in the theological department of Wittenberg College. His scholarly in- 
stincts and his success as a teacher of theological students brought him the 
call to the Gettysburg Seminary. 

Dr. Richard accepted the call to Gettysburg and began his work there 

in January, 1889. For his inaugural address he took the subject, “The 
Christian Pulpit,” and discussed its theme, its end, and its 
method. The theme of the pulpit, he said, is Christ, in Richard’s 
His person and work. The service of the altar has Inaugural 
its place, but it is subordinate always to the sermon. 
The end of the pulpit is to bring the hearer to embrace “the faith once 
delivered to the saints” and thus to build up the Church, which is the body 
of Christ. The method of the pulpit requires it to announce the gospel 
message, to preacn the way of salvation, and to testify that Jesus is the 
Christ. 

The inauguration of the fourth professor into the Faculty was the 
source of great gratification to all the friends of the Seminary. Now at 
last the ideal of twenty-five years was realized and the 
loyalty of alumni and friends was kindled anew as they Curriculum 
saw their beloved school once more equipped in person- Enlarged 
nel to meet the demands of the times upon theological 
education. The curriculum of the Seminary could now be enlarged and 
intensified. This was done by adding separate courses on catechetics, 
liturgics, symbolics and Church polity. All of these new courses. were 


233 


HISTORY*OFs GEDLYSBURG lS EMENAIY 


assigned to the new professorship, and the title of the professorship 
was extended to include ‘Ecclesiastical Theology.” The new department 
also took over Dr. Valentine’s work in homiletics and Dr. Hay’s in 
Biblical criticism. The last named subject was changed a little later 
to Biblical introduction. The history of doctrine was taken from Dr. 
Wolf’s department and assigned to Dr. Valentine with his systematic 
theology. After one year of work under the new curriculum the Fac- 
ulty could report that increased breadth and thoroughness had been 
given to the course of instruction. There was a stricter adherence to 
the constitutional requirements for admission and a more rigid ob- 
servance of the rules for graduation. Thus the entire tone of the 
institution was elevated. 
Meanwhile several lectureships had been established 
The Holman and these further increased the breadth and efficiency of 
Lectureship the training afforded by the school. At the very begin- 
ning of this period the Holman Lecture on the Augsburg 
Confession had been founded. In connection with the endowment effort of 
1865 the Rev. Samuel A. Holman, then a young pastor in Altoona, Pa., 
gave $2,000, the annual income from which was used to secure a lecture 
each year on one of the twenty-one doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Con- 
fession. The lecturers were chosen by the Directors on the nomination of 
the Faculty. Beginning with Dr. Brown on Article One in 1866, there has 
been a continuous succession of these annual lectures by prominent profes- 
sors and pastors. They have led to a more thorough study and exposition 
of the mother symbol of Protestantism and were no small factor in the 
doctrinal development of the General Synod itself. All were printed in 
the Evangelical Review and the Lutheran Quarterly, and the first series of 
twenty-one lectures were published in 1888 in a stately volume of nearly 
900 pages. The names of the annual lecturers down to the present are 
gathered on pages 298 and 299 of this history. 
Another lectureship calculated to broaden the course 
The Rice of instruction in the Seminary was the “Rice Lecture on 
Lectureship Methods in Ministerial Work.” This began in 1872 and 
was made possible through the liberality of Mr. John 
W. Rice, a Lutheran layman of Baltimore. It was Mr. Rice’s purpose to 
furnish a means of contact between the students and the practical men of 
the pastorate. He stipulated that every three years the lectures should 
cover the following subjects: Developing and Directing the Benevolence of 
the Church, Caring for the Young of the Church, and Developing and Di- 
recting Lay Workers in the Church. Mr. Rice gave each year the income 
of $1,000 to compensate the annual lecturer. The series began with a lec- 
ture by Dr. J. G. Butler on the first of the three subjects. The lectures 
were a source of much inspiration to the students, but after 1886 the annual 
gift from the founder lapsed and the series was discontinued. The fifteen 


234 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


annual lecturers on the Rice Foundation are recorded on pages 299 and 300 
of this volume. 

Later in this period Professor H. Louis Baugher established a lecture- 
ship on Christian Worship by offering to give annually the interest of 
$1,000 to procure a lecturer on some aspect of that sub- 
ject. But the series only continued for six years, from The Baugher 
1892 to 1897; then the offer of the founder was with- Lectureship 
drawn. The six lecturers on this foundation were Drs. G. 

U. Wenner, Charles S. Albert, Frank P. Manhart, Jesse C. Koller, Joseph 
A. Seiss and Edward T. Horn. 

The annual course of lectures by Dr. Morris on Pulpit Elocution and 
the Relations of Physical Science to Revealed Religion began in 1869 and 
continued until 1894. For a quarter of a century his 
name appeared on the roster of the Faculty as Special Morris’ Annual 
Lecturer. Repeatedly he sought to discontinue this work, Lectures 
but it was so profitable to the students and so highly 
prized by them that the Directors and the Faculty united with the students 
in persuading him to continue until he had passed the age of four-score 
and ten. 

Concerning the developments in the Seminary curriculum during this 
period it should be noted also that the subject of German frequently 
changed its status. The study of the German language, it 
was felt, was useful only in preparing men to preach in Less Demand 
that language, and the demand for German preaching for German 
among the congregations of the General Synod was grad- 
ually diminishing. Moreover, there was a constant increase in the number 
of the men who came unprepared to study German and with no desire to 
learn to preach it. Until 1885 the subject was listed in the curriculum and 
all listed subjects were required of all regular students. As early as 1877 
a number of students asked to be relieved of this requirement without for- 
feiting their right to graduate. The Directors decided that while they did 
not regard the study of German as absolutely essential to graduation, yet 
they deemed it of very great importance and therefore deprecated any 
neglect of it on the part of any student. 

Five years later the subject called for attention again. The number of 
men studying German was constantly below the demand for German 
preachers among our supporting synods. In the single 
year of 1882 the Seminary Faculty had been obliged to A German 
refuse nine applications from congregations for men to Seminary 
preach German. When the subject came before the Di- 
rectors they pointed a significant finger towards the future by heartily en- 
dorsing the action of the General Synod in establishing its German The- 
ological Seminary in Chicago and warmly commending Professor Giese to 
the co-operation and assistance of the pastors in the East. 


235 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Many of the students at the Seminary had now ceased to study German. 
Efforts were made to induce students from Germany to come to Gettys- 
burg. The matter of securing a German professor was 
Few Students discussed. But all in vain. German was fading out of 
of German the landscape at Gettysburg. In 1885 it was arranged 
that German should be optional and that those who did 
not study it should take New Testament exegesis in its stead. Not all of 
the synods were pleased with this plan, and in 1887 the West Pennsylvania 
Synod asked that the Seminary take measures to supply more preachers of 
German. But the plan remained unchanged and German continued to be 
elective. The result was that the number of those who studied it continued 
to diminish. Dr. Hay finally made it a rule that when there were not so 
many as six students desiring to study German, no classes in the subject 
should be held. 
Then as the demand for German preachers grew less among the Gen- 
eral Synod congregations in the East, as the General Synod’s German Sem- 
inary first at Chicago and then at Atchison grew in 
German strength, and as the separate department of German in 
Disappears Gettysburg College was developed, the call for Seminary 
classes in the language became weaker and less fre- 
quent until about the turn of the century, when it disappeared entirely. Its 
disappearance marked the end of a long and troublous chapter in the life of 
the Seminary. 
In addition to these improvements in teaching staff and curriculum the 
Seminary had also built up a valuable library. Dr. Hay, the librarian, had 
been very zealous in improving the size and quality of 
Enlarging the library. Many of the books that Dr. Kurtz had pro- 
the Library cured from friends in Germany in 1826 had proved prac- 
tically worthless. With the limited funds available 
for the purchase of new books the library equipment was improved only 
very gradually during the first two periods in the life of the institution. But 
about the year 1868, under the genial influence of the new spirit of enter- 
prise that came over the Seminary, earnest efforts were made to dispose of 
useless books and duplicates and secure improvement in the size and quality 
of the entire library. 
Special appeals for funds were made by the librarian, Several hundred 
dollars in a “German legacy fund” of the West Pennsylvania Synod were 
contributed for the purpose. The library of Dr. Krauth 
Many was purchased in 1869. Some duplicates were sold, others 
Accessions were presented to the Missionary Institute at Selins- 
grove, Pa. A card index was introduced at a cost of 
$230. Donations were received from various sources. In 1870 Governor 
Curtin used his offices to procure a copy of the Codex Sinaiticus for the 
Seminary Library. The next year Dr. Hay himself presented a parchment 


236 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


roll of the original text of the Book of Esther: The venerable David Mar- 
tin, of Baltimore, in 1878 donated a statuette of Luther. Presently the 
Library was made a repository for the publications of the National Govern- 
ment and the Smithsonian Institution. In 1879 thirty volumes were re- 
ceived by bequest of the widow of John Herbst, which probably recalled 
the fact that John Herbst had been the first librarian of the institution in 
1826 and that he had been chiefly instrumental in having the school located 
at Gettysburg. The next year one hundred and thirty-six volumes were 
received from the estate of Rev. L. W. Heydenreich. 

The annual income of the Library was now about one hundred dollars, 
and for several years a considerable portion of the income was used to pur- 
chase the works of standard Lutheran theologians of the 
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In 1882 Mrs. Martin Library Funds 
Buehler, of Germantown, Pa., presented a _ costly Increased 
painting of Luther at the Diet of Worms. Dr. Hay 
was also the curator of the valuable and growing collection of the Luth- 
eran Historical Society and this was accessible to the Seminary Faculty 
and students. Shortly after Dr. Valentine came to the Seminary in 1884 
a special effort was made to supply the need for more recent and current 
works in theological literature. A committee of the Board of Directors 
was appointed to solicit annually from the supporting synods sums to ag- 
gtegate $300 for the purchase of books. This effort was successful and 
thus the library needs of the institution were met year by year until in the 
next period of the Seminary’s life the library was substantially endowed. 
At the close of this period of reconstruction the library numbered some 
12,000 volumes, all useful, well arranged, and accessible to the student. 

Another step in elevating the standard of the Sem- 
inary was taken in 1894, when, at the suggestion of the The B.D. 
Faculty, it was decided to admit students under certain Degree 
conditions to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. The 
purpose of this departure was to “elevate the standard of literary and the- 
ological attainment” and to “furnish a much needed incentive” to more in- 
tensive study. The charter of the Seminary was changed so as to permit 
the institution to grant “the usual degrees in divinity.” Then it was ar- 
ranged that the degree should be conferred upon those students who were 
graduates of a regular college, who pursued the full regular course of 
study at the Seminary, who maintained a grade of 90 per cent, and who 
submitted two satisfactory theses on assigned subjects. The plan was in- 
stituted in 1896. A large proportion of each entering class became candi- 
dates for the degree, and it was soon reported that “this method of grad- 
uation has had good influence in the way of stimulating study and toning 
up student effort.” 

At the same time a post-graduate course was established for the same 
degree. It was required that the candidate must be a college graduate and 


aod 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


must have completed a regular course in theology, that the course must 
extend over three years, that it must embrace nine subjects in three dif- 
ferent departments out of a list of twenty-two possible 
A Post- subjects, that the candidate must present a satisfac- 
Graduate tory thesis upon an assigned topic, and that he must 
submit to both written and oral examinations on all dis- 
ciplines in the course. The post-graduate course also 
was offered first in 1896 and at once six candidates were listed in the 
catalogue. It was a means of broadening the usefulness of the Seminary. 
This expansion of curriculum and enlargement of 
The Peak of teaching force, this improvement of facilities and in- 
Attendance tensifying of method, bore their legitimate fruit. The 
prestige of the institution was increased and it soon re- 
covered its place as one of the leading theological seminaries in the country. 
This was reflected in the attendance of students. Year after year a grat- 
ifying increase was noted, as the reader may observe by consulting the list 
on page 359. After the institution had recovered from the effects of the 
battle in 1863 and the disruption in 1864, the number of students increased 
until in 1875 it reached forty-three, which was ten more than at any pre- 
vious time. There the record stood for several years in succession. But 
the average attendance during the next decade was only thirty-five. Then, 
beginning in 1886, two years after Dr. Valentine had come, there was*a 
steady increase. In 1890 the increase was large and the total enrollment 
was fifty-six. The numbers continued to mount until in 1894, two years 
before the close of this period, the figure stood at seventy-four. This was 
the peak of the attendance record for the century of the Seminary’s life. 
It embraced students from districts far beyond the immediate constituency 
of the Gettysburg school. It made the institution easily the largest Luth- 
eran Seminary in America and presented a gratifying contrast to its de- 
pleted condition of thirty years earlier. 
This extraordinary increase in the patronage of the 
Additional Seminary raised a new problem, a problem that could 
Buildings only be solved by a new baptism of the spirit of enter- 
prise and by one more of the large undertakings that 
characterized this period. It was a problem of accommodations. ‘The in- 
stitution had outgrown its physical property. All the work of the school 
was still being done in the one building that had been erected in 1831. 
The two professors’ houses, north and south of the main building, had been 
improved and enlarged from time to time, notably in 1866 when wings were 
added to each of the houses at a cost of $2,500. Coal-stoves had been in- 
troduced to replace the hearths in 1857 and three years later illuminating 
gas had been installed in all the buildings. When Dr. Wolf joined the Fac- 
ulty in 1874, the Seminary purchased a residence for him on Chambersburg 
Street. Ten years later the house in the town was sold and a third profes- 


238 


Course 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


sor’s house was built on the Seminary property. The new residence was 
erected on a part of the Seminary’s land south of the first professor’s 
house, a lot that twenty-five years earlier was regarded as practically 
worthless and was offered for sale because the Springs Hotel Railroad 
separated it from the main body of the Seminary property. The new 
house was a commodious structure costing nearly $8,000, all of which was 
secured through private solicitation by Dr. Wolf. When Dr. Richard came 
to Gettysburg he lived for six years in a house that the Seminary rented 
for him in town until in 1895 a fourth professor’s house was erected on 
the Seminary campus just east of the first professor’s house. Here Dr. 
Richard lived for the remaining fifteen years of his life. 

These improvements, however, did not remedy the crowded conditions 
in the main building in the center of the campus. That building had long 
since become a land-mark. Its prominent position and its 
colonial beauty were a delight to the students and friends More Buildings 
of the school. Many tender and sacred memories Needed 
gathered about it and its surroundings. From 
time to time it had been repaired and improved. For nearly thirty years 
after it was erected its fourth floor had remained unfinished and had been 
used only for library purposes. In 1859 this floor was finished as living 
quarters for students. With the increase in attendance in the early seventies 
there came repeated calls for more accommodations for students. Much of 
the available space in the building was required for a lecture room, for the 
library, for a “Missionary Hall” or chapel, and as a home for the steward’s 
family. With the continued increase in attendance after 1885 and with the 
addition of a fourth professor in 1889, the demand for more space became 
imperative. Year after year the Faculty was obliged to rent private rooms 
for students at the expense of the Seminary. On all sides it was felt that 
the physical expansion of the institution had not kept pace with its internal 
development. 

Several times after 1885 the erection of a new building was broached 
in the meetings of the Board of Directors, but the many appeals that were 
being made to the Church at that time, particularly the 
large building program of the College at Gettysburg, A “Crisis” 
prevented any positive action. In 1889 the College pro- Reached 
gram was completed and the Faculty of the Seminary 
strongly urged upon the Directors the necessity for immediate action in the 
matter of enlarged accommodations. It was pointed out that more dormi- 
tory rooms were needed, that the valuable library should be placed in a 
fire-proof building, that more lecture-rooms were now required, and that 
the Seminary ought to take a lesson from “the prestige of energy and ad- 
vancing efficiency gained by the fine and commodious theological buildings 
in other synodical connections in the Lutheran Church, as, for instance, at 
St. Louis and Philadelphia.” The Directors then appointed a committee, 


239 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


with Dr. Conrad as chairman, to “consider the matter in all its bearings” 
and report a year later. The committee reported the following year and 
recommended the removal of the Seminary to a large city. This precipi- 
tated a “crisis” extending over several years. 

It was not the first time that the removal of the 
Seminary from Gettysburg had been suggested. As 
early as 1854, after the Pennsylvania Ministerium had 
begun to co-operate in the work of the College and 
Seminary at Gettysburg and had reunited with the Gen- 
eral Synod, Dr. Schmucker himself had suggested to 
the Directors “the removal of our institutions to some suitable place East 
of the Susquehanna.” The matter was discussed at length and then laid 
on the table. Again in the year of the semi-centennial a resolution was 
introduced instructing the committee on endowment to “ascertain what 
amount of money, what buildings, etc., can be secured at York, Pa., with 
a view to removing this Theological Seminary to that place.” This resolu- 
tion also was laid on the table. 

But the recommendation of the committee in 1890 
Directors was adopted by the Directors, and the committee was 
Favor Removal instructed to secure propositions and donations to carry 
the movement into effect. Thereupon began a vigorous 
agitation in the Church. Scores of articles appeared in the Church papers. 
The advocates of removal spoke first and loudest. Numerous debates took 
place on the floors of Church bodies. All possible arguments were used: 
sentiment and tradition were parried with economy and utility ; convenience 
was argued against beauty, city against country, culture against scholar- 
ship, pulsating life against penetrating study, expediency against legality. 
Among the candidates to receive the institution Washington seemed to have 
most favor. On behalf of that city Dr. J. G. Butler secured offers to 
donate either of two sites, the one a tract of twenty acres, the other a tract 
of eight acres at Chevy Chase Circle, which is valued today at millions of 
dollars. 


Removal from 
Gettysburg 
Suggested 


For four years the question was debated and for three successive meet- 
ings the Directors proceeded with the idea of removal. Meanwhile the 
committee of the Directors secured architect’s drawings 

Synods Oppose of three buildings for a new institution, but in its efforts 
Removal to secure the means to remove the Seminary to some 
city, the committee found its work seriously handi- 

capped both by the opposition to the project and by the “financial strin- 
gency” in the early nineties. Nothing was decided. Then Dr. Conrad’s 
health began to fail and his characteristic vigor was lost to the cause of 
removal. No satisfactory results were achieved and meanwhile the Faculty 
repeatedly declared that the progress of the institution was being hindered 
by the uncertainty and its usefulness impaired by the congested conditions 


240 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


in the building. The Directors decided to submit the matter for final de- 
cision to the synods. Their replies showed such a preponderating senti- 
ment against removal that the Board of Directors at once decided to pro- 
ceed with the plans for a new building. This was in 1893. 

Dr. Valentine was made chairman of a committee on ways and means to 
devise plans and specifications for the new undertaking, and the recom- 
mendations of the committee were adopted by the Di- 
rectors at an adjourned meeting in June of that year. Plans for a 
They included the erection of a new edifice for library, New Building 
chapel and six commodious lecture rooms, the complete 
remodeling of the old building so as to use all space except the ground 
floor as student rooms, the construction of a central heating plant to pro- 





THE NEw BUvwILDING. 
Erected in 1894 and 1895. 


vide steam heat for all the buildings, including the professors’ houses and 
the supplying of water for lavatory service in all the buildings. The esti- 
mated cost of the new building was placed at $30,000. The larger part of 
the funds for this item of improvement was provided in the will of Mr. 
Matthew Ejichelberger, of Gettysburg. Mr. J. A. Dempwolf, of York, was 
the architect and Mr. George S. Yinger, also of York, the contractor for 


the new building. The site chosen was about one hundred feet south of 
the old building. 


241 


HISTORY, OF GHETYSBURG SHV Nevin 


The cornerstone of the new building was laid with appropriate cere- 

monies on February 22, 1894. An address was delivered by Dr. J. G. 

Morris, who sixty-three years before had helped to lay 

The Building the cornerstone of the old building, and one by Dr. 

Begun Luther E. Albert, who for thirty-five years had been a 
member of the Board of Directors. 

The plans for the new building were enlarged as the work progressed. 

The third floor was given a dormer finish and equipped with nineteen rooms 

for students. Part of the basement was equipped as a 

The Building gymnasium. The building, constructed of brick with 

Completed brownstone trimmings, is designed in the French Renais- 

sance style of architecture, but with great reduction in 

the ornamental features that distinguish that style and with some modifica- 

tions to meet practical requirements. It is one hundred and thirty feet long, 





THE Two MAIN BUILDINGS 


and sixy-two feet wide, with a chapel extension westward from the center 
of the building to a depth of forty feet ending in an apse. The section for 
the library is thoroughly fire-proof and equipped with steel shelving for 
40,000 volumes. The lecture rooms are commodious and well lighted. The 
chapel will seat two hundred and fifty people and is beautified with a 
memorial tablet in honor of Dr. Schmucker and eight large memorial win- 
dows representing Luther and Melanchthon and memorializing six of the 
former teachers in the Seminary. The total cost of the new edifice was 
about $50,000. It was dedicated on May 29, 1895, to the training of men 
for the work of the Church and to the advancement of the Kingdom of 
God by means of an educated ministry. Dr. W. H. Dunbar, of Baltimore, 
delivered the dedicatory address on the theme, “Christ in Theology.” He 


242 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


pleaded for a revitalized theology which he distinguished sharply from a 
reconstructed theology, and he urged peace among the parties in the General 
Synod. 

The program of physical improvement did not cease with the erection 
of the new building, but was expanded to include many other items. Ad- 
ditional land was acquired east and west of the main 
buildings. A boiler house was built in the grove west Many Other 
of the Seminary and steam heating was installed in the Improvements 
buildings. The old main building was remodeled as a 
dormitory throughout. A fourth professor’s house was erected and the resi- 
dences of the first and second professors were thoroughly renovated and 
improved. The grounds about the buildings were graded and planted with 





FourtH Proressor’s House. 


Showing also the first professor’s house in the center and the fifth on the richt. 
The fourth professor's house was erected in 1895, and occupied by Dr. Richard, 
1895-1909, and by Dr. Clutz, 1909-1925. 


trees, and cement walks were laid. The total cost of these additional im- 
provements was about $40,000. Then, too, the United States Government 
constructed a wide and substantial battle-field avenue from north to south 
through the Seminary property in the immediate rear of the buildings. This 
made access to the Seminary more easy and attractive and gave added value 
to the property. 

Near the close of this period, also, a valuable addition was made to the 
acreage of the Seminary property. In 1894 there had been several cases of 
contagious diseases among the students, and the Faculty asked the Directors 
to provide some small building to serve as a hospital in such cases. The 
directors appointed a committee to consider the expediency of purchas- 


243 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


ing “the pottery property.” This was a tract of over fifteen acres lying 
directly west of the first professor’s house and just south of the Sem- 

inary grove and intersected by the Springs Road. It 
Acreage contained a frame dwelling house and a modest plant for 
Enlarged the manufacture of agricultural tile, in an oak grove 

which is an extension of the Seminary grove. . Part of 
this property had once been owned by Dr. S. S. Schmucker. The condition 
of the real estate market at Gettysburg in 1895 required immediate action, 
and the committee of Directors purchased the property from the owner, 
Mr. J. T. Hartzell, and later transferred it to the Seminary. It was a 
timely action that led to the purchase of this valuable piece of real estate. 
The newly acquired land never had an infirmary on it, for subsequent events 
showed that none was needed, but it did protect for all time the other prop- 
erty of the Seminary and it provided the institution with splendid sites for 


future residences for professors. 

Altogether the property of the Seminary in 1896 con- 
Summary as sisted of about thirty-eight acres of land, two large, at- 
of 1896 tractive and commodious buildings, four professor’s 


houses either new or thoroughly remodeled, and a steam 
heating plant. The value of the property was conservatively estimated at 
$160,000. Meanwhile also several legacies had increased the general en- 
dowment fund to $125,000 and established student scholarships in the amount 
of $15,000. The students in attendance in 1896 numbered sixty-two and the 
roster of alumni and former students embraced 851 names. In curriculum, 
in teaching force, and in material equipment, the old institution was now 
prepared for the most effective work in its entire history. 
The narrative of this period in the life of the Sem- 
Hay’s Death inary cannot close without recording the death of two 
men long identified with the teaching corps of the school. 
The first of these was Dr. Hay, who had served on the Faculty in the 
trying times of 1844 to 1848 and again throughout almost this entire period 
of reconstruction and rapid growth. A total of thirty-two years he had 
been a teacher in the Seminary, a longer period than that of any other man 
except Dr. Schmucker himself. A sketch of his career and his many val- 
uable services for the Seminary will be found in Chapter XV of this vol- 
ume. As he passed the age of three-score and ten he felt the weight of 
the years. The Directors in 1893 offered to procure an instructor to help 
in the work of his department, but he declined the offer and tendered his 
resignation to take effect in 1894. Four days later he died. Resolutions 
of deep appreciation and affectionate regard were adopted by Directors, 
Faculty, students, citizens and church councils. Abundant recognition was 
made of his manifold labors on behalf of the Seminary, its course of study, 
its endowment, and its library. 
A successor to Dr. Hay was chosen at a special meeting of the Direc- 


244 


RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 


torate in August cf that summer. The choice fell on Rev. Thomas C. Bill- 
heimer, D.D., of Reading, Pa. Dr. Billheimer had received his training 
at the College and Seminary at Gettysburg. Ordained in 

1868 he had been pastor at Watsontown, Pa., for one Billheimer 
vear, at Shippensburg for six years, and at St. Matthew’s Installed 
Church in Reading for seventeen years. His success 

as a pastor, his facility in German, and his continued study of Hebrew, 
were his qualifications for the vacant chair. He took up his work at the 
Seminary in September, 1893, and at this post he continued for eighteen 
years. His inaugural address was entitled “The Study of the Hebrew 
Language.” 

The other vacancy in the teaching force of the Seminary came in 1895 
with the death of Dr. Morris. For a quarter of a century he was regarded 
as a member of the Faculty, because each year he came 
from Baltimore and gave a two weeks’ series of lectures Death of 
on Pulpit Eloquence and the Relations between Morris 
Physical Science and Revealed Religion. This annual 
series, together with those which he regularly gave in the College, consti- 
tuted no small element in the training of the 
men who graduated from the Seminary. Dr. 
Morris had been a member of its first class of 
students and was ever afterwards one of its most 
loyal and active alumni. MHis fine natural en- 
dowments and varied culture were freely placed 
in the service of both the institutions at Gettys- 
burg, and his great influence in the Church and 
his high standing among the men of other de- 
nominations frequently stood the Seminary in 
good stead. For more. than sixty ‘years 
he was a member of its Board of Directors 
and many times its president or its  secre- 
tary. His brother, Charles A. Morris, was for JoHN GEORGE Morris. 
many years the treasurer of the institution and 
his private correspondence on behalf of the institution bulks large. 

For half a century Dr. Morris’ voice among the Directors had the 
weight of wisdom and age. He had a hand in practically every important 
undertaking in this age of reconstruction. In the period 





of internal discord he was outspoken in his opposition Morris’ Work 
to Dr. Schmucker’s theological and confessional posi- for the 
tions. He was in closer touch with the German Seminary 


sources of Lutheran theology than most of his 
associates in the Seminary. He had many personal friends among the min- 
isters of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, and his influence, more than that 


245 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURGHSEMINARKS 


of any other person, helped to secure the co-operation of the Pennsylvania 
Ministerium in 1854. He was the organizer of the Alumni Association, its 
first president, and for many years its most active member. He had estab- 
lished the Lutheran Historical Society and was the chief agent in building 
up its valuable collection of books and manuscripts. He was particularly 
influential in the selection of the men who from time to time were added to 
the teaching staff of the institution. After his death the subjects covered 
by his annual lectures were gradually merged into the Departments of 
Homiletics and Systematic Theology, and no successor was chosen to take 
his place. ) 
During this period of thirty years the Seminary had doubled its Fac- 
ulty, restored harmony among its Directors, greatly expanded its curric- 
ulum, deeply intensified its methods, increased its endow- 
Summary ment five-fold, enlarged its property and increased its 
value nearly four-fold, made its library safer and larger 
and more up-to-date and more accessible, modernized its equipment for 
both teachers and students, and increased its student body more than twelve- 
fold. Verily, it had been a period of reconstruction and large undertaking. 


246 


Ce PE Ree Lid 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY, 1896-1926. 


The last period in the first century of the Seminary’s life has been 
notable for its material prosperity. In this the institution reflected the 
general progress of the Church and the nation. The 
closing years of the nineteenth century and the first A Business Age 
quarter of the twentieth constitute for the Amer- 
ican nation a period of phenomenal economic growth. The popula- 
tion of the country grew by leaps and bounds, but the wealth of the nation 
grew four times as rapidly as the population. This new economy brought 
changes that profoundly affected the Church. The extension and consoli- 
dation of business, the combinations of capital and of labor, the new out- 
look in politics, all were reflected in the religious activities of the people. 
Systematic and business-like organization was one of the outstanding char- 
acteristics of the Churches. The Churches grew, and they prospered as 
they grew. More exact business methods were applied, the calls of benev- 
olence were met with greater liberality, and a new spirit of stewardship and 
enterprise was awakened. There seemed to be no lack of funds for any 
worthy endeavor. Building operations and benevolent enterprises were under- 
taken on a large scale. In this progressive spirit of the times the Lutheran 
Church participated and with the Lutheran Church its Seminary at 
Gettysburg. 

The era of material prosperity in the life of the Seminary dates from 
1896 when the first of several large legacies were added to the funds of 
the institution. The close of the preceding era had left 
the institution in dire need of funds. The new buildings Seminary 
and the other extensive improvements that had been Finances 
made between 1893 and 1896 had necessitated the ex- 
penditure of nearly $100,000, and to cover this only $22,000 was in sight. It 
was the bequest of Mr. Matthew Eichelberger of Gettysburg. In recog- 
nition of the gift a handsome memorial tablet was placed in the commodious 
fire-proof library annex of the new building. To meet the balance of the 
expenditures a financial agent was placed in the field in 1894 while the build- 
ing operations themselves were under way. Rev. P. G. Bell of Altoona 
undertook this agency. But because of the extreme financial depression that 
prevailed throughout that year Mr. Bell laid down his commission at the 
end of seven months with less than $3,000 in cash and only $2,000 in addi- 
tional subscriptions. A few small gifts and. legacies were received the 
next year, but in 1896 the major portion of the cost of the recent improve- 


247 


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“SSONIGTING NIivJ{ aHL dO MalA ANVTdOddV 





BIG#BUSINESSYANDrPSTHADY: PROSPERTTLY. 


ments remained unpaid and a debt of $65,000 rested like an incubus on the 
institution. 

Moreover, the current expenses of the institution were not being met. 
The money that had been subscribed through Dr. Conrad in 1888 for the 
temporary support of the fourth professor had now all 
been spent, and after 1894, the salary of that professor- A Mounting 
ship added each year to the general indebtedness. The Debt 
annual contributions of the synods to the “contingent 
fund” were rarely sufficient to meet the cost of fuel, water, and so forth. 
Then, too, the treasury of the Seminary, like that of all other institutions, 
suffered from the depreciation of securities that took place in those years, 
and thus the income was seriously diminished. The general conditions of 
the times called for an increase in the salaries of the professors, but while 
the Directors recognized that the salaries were “meagre and totally inade- 
quate” they were powerless to increase them. Furthermore, it was rec- 
ognized as highly imperative that more professors should be added to the 
Faculty and more departments to the curriculum if the Seminary was not 
to forfeit entirely its relative standing in the field of theological education. 
Surely, all these demands on the treasury, in the light of its heavy debt and 
its diminished income, constituted a loud call in 1896 for vigorous adminis- 
tration of the finances of the institution. The Seminary needed a financier. 

No forward step could be taken, it was felt, until 
the indebtedness had been liquidated. The Directors Appeal to the 
first thought to liquidate the debt by apportioning it Synods 
among the supporting Synods as follows: to the Synods 
of East Pennsylvania, West Pennsylvania and Maryland, each $13,000; to 
the Alleghany Synod, $9,000; to the Susquehanna Synod, $6,000; to the 
Pittsburgh Synod, $5,400; and to the Central Pennsylvania Synod, $4800. 
The Synods were urged to create their own agencies to gather their re- 
spective funds. On behalf of the Directors Dr. G. W. Enders visited all 
the Synods and reported that each had cordially assumed its quota of the 
debt and agreed to meet the interest on its quota until the principal was 
paid. But the benevolent resolutions of the synods did not suffice to pay- 
the debt; only small amounts were transmitted to the treasury of the Sem- 
inary, and in 1899 after two years of effort under this plan, less than $3,000 
had been paid on the indebtedness. The Directors began to consider the 
appointing of another field agent. 

Meanwhile a legacy of $54,000 accrued to the Seminary from the estate 
of Henry and Rosanna Singmaster of Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. This 
was designated for endowment and could not be applied 
to the payment of the debt. Accordingly $10,000 was set Singmaster 
aside as a permanent endowment of the library, to Elected 
be known as the “Rosanna Singmaster Library 
Fund,” and $40,000 was reserved for the endowment of a fifth professor- 


249 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


ship to be known as the “Henry Singmaster Professorship of Biblical The- 
ology.” A memorial tablet honoring these two benefactors of the Seminary 
was placed on the stairway of the new building. The legacy became fully 
available for the designated purposes in 1899, at the same time that the need 
for a financial agent became clearly apparent. Accordingly the Finance 
Committee of the Directors recommended that the Singmaster Professor- 
ship of Biblical Theology be filled at once and nominated as the first in- 
cumbent of the chair, the Rev. J. A. Singmaster, D.D., of Allentown, 
Pennsylvania, a grand-nephew of the donors, who had been an active mem- 
ber of the Board of Directors since 1893. 
Dr. Singmaster accepted the call of the Seminary and 
The Debt began his work on September 1, 1900. He was made the 
Cancelled “financial secretary” of the institution. During his first 
year he gave all his time to the solicitation of funds and 
was able to report receipts in the amount of $22,500. The next year he 
taught New Testament theology two hours a week and devoted the rest of 





FirtH PrRoFessor’s House. 
Erected 1901; occupied by Dr. Singmaster, 1901-1924, and by Dr. Alleman since 1924. 


his time to the financial interests of the Seminary. The following year one 
hour in Old Testament theology was added to his teaching schedule. In 
1903 he was able to report a total of about $80,000 collected since his elec- 
tion as professor. This completely wiped out the troublesome debt and in 
addition provided for a commodious residence for the fifth professor. The 


250 


BIG" BUSINESSVAND 3s TEADY SPROSPERITY 


new house had been erected directly west of the first professor’s house and 
across the Seminary Avenue from it, on what had been known as the “pot- 
tery property.” The Directors gave ample expression, both for the Sem- 
inary and for the Church at large, of their profound sense of gratitude to 
Dr. Singaster for the “inestimable service’ rendered to the cause of min- 
isterial education. 

The rejoicing of the friends of the Seminary at the lifting of its heavy 
debt was tempered somewhat by the news of Dr. Valentine’s resignation. 
For two score years Dr. Valentine had taught in the 
Gettysburg institutions, more than half of that time in Valentine 
the Seminary. Nearly seven hundred students had sat Resigns 
at his feet in the two schools. In spite of frail 
health in his youth he had now completed the seventy-eighth year of his 
life. His growing infirmity of deafness during the last few years had not 
for a moment interfered with his magnetic power as a teacher, though he 
himself insisted that it imposed much inconvenience in administrative af- 
fairs. The years had been crowded with responsibilities, and he now sought 
the leisure of retirement chiefly in order that he might give himself ex- 
clusively to writing. In accepting his resignation the Directors recorded 
their high estimate of Dr. Valentine’s great service to the Church through 
the Seminary, stating that “for clearness of thought and discrimination in 
the teaching of truth he stands easily foremost amongst us and that as 
a theological teacher his place cannot be filled; that we recognize the last- 
ing impression left by his teaching upon the ministry of our Church, hold- 
ing them steadfast and safe against the encroachments of loose thinking 
and the destructive criticism; that we give him the assurance of abiding 
esteem and profound veneration and warm fraternal love.” Similar senti- 
ments were uttered everywhere among the constituency of the Seminary. 
Dr. Valentine was made Professor Emeritus of Systematic Theology with 
a salary of $500 a year, and was requested to continue in active connection 
with the Seminary, lecturing at such times and on such subjects as might 
be agreed on between him and the Faculty. 

It was at the very time that Dr. Valentine’s resignation was announced, 
that Dr. Singmaster reported the complete liquidation of the Seminary’s 
debt. This was peculiarly fitting because Dr. Singmaster 
stated that he had been induced to accept the agency of Singmaster the 
the institution largely because of his personal con- New Head 
sideration for the venerable chairman of the Faculty. 

It was now felt that the Seminary, like other educational institutions, 
needed in its new head a high order of administrative and executive ability. 
Dr. Singmaster, in his final report as financial secretary, had pointed out 
some of the needs of the institution along these lines. Indicating possible 
lines of future progress he had suggested the beautifying of the campus, 
the endowment of a lectureship on elocution, the establishment of traveling 


251 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


fellowships, and the increase of professors’ salaries. Evidently these sug- 
gestions approved themselves to the Directors, for as soon as they had ac- 
cepted Dr. Valentine’s resignation they proceeded at once to elect Dr. Sing- 
master his successor as “Professor of Systematic Theology and Chairman 
of the Seminary Faculty.” Dr. Singmaster accepted the office, and the 
Henry Singmaster endowment was transferred from the Chair of Biblical 
Theology to that of Systematic Theology. 
This left a vacancy in the chair of Biblical Theology. 
Kuhlman To fill the vacancy the Directors chose one of their own 
Called number, the Rev. Dr. Luther Kuhlman of Frederick, 
Maryland. Dr. Kuhlman was a product of the Gettys- 
burg institutions and had served as pastor for two years at Jennerstown, 
Pennsylvania, for four years at the Second Lutheran Church in Baltimore, 
and for fifteen years at Frederick. He had been prominent in the general 
work of the Church, particularly as the head of the Board of Foreign 
Missions, and he was widely recognized as one of the outstanding pulpiteers 
in the Lutheran Church of this country. Moreover, he had just delivered 
the Holman lecture on the fifteenth article of the Augsburg Confession, 
and this had elicited much admiration. After much hesitancy Dr. Kuhl- 
man decided to accept the call to the Seminary. Both he and Dr. Sing- 
master were installed in their new positions in October, 1903. To the 
Department of Biblical Theology were assigned in addition to Old Testa- 
ment theology and New ‘Testament theology, the following subjects: 
Propaedeutics, New Testament criticism, home and foreign missions and 
Sunday schools. Thus the curriculum was expanded somewhat, and for 
the first time in its history the Seminary had the full time of five instructors. 
The next two decades witnessed many changes in the external appear- 
ance of the Seminary. Dr. Singmaster began at once the process of bauti- 
fying the Seminary campus and improving its property. 
Extensive The work of grading and paving that had begun when 
Improvements the new building was erected was now continued on an 
extensive scale. The lawn areas of the campus were 
greatly enlarged. Unsightly buildings were removed. All the prop- 
erties were placed in an excellent state of repair and covered with adequate 
insurance. Several parcels of ground contiguous to the property of the 
Seminary were purchased in order to give proper configuration to the 
grounds and in order to prevent any disadvantages to the Seminary from 
possible building operations on those tracts. One of these consisted of 
about an acre of land on the southern end of the campus. Its purchase ex- 
tended the campus south to West Middle Street and east to Hay Street. 
Another tract bought at this time consisted of three acres adjoining the 
Seminary grove on the north and extending the campus almost to the 
Chambersburg Pike, although this tract was afterwards donated to Dr. 
Singmaster personally, to be used by him for the erection of a private 


252 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


residence. The additions increased the area of the Seminary Campus to 
forty-three acres. Its delightful location and its uniform beauty of appear- 
ance made it the constant object of admiration for visitors to Gettysburg. 
Then measures were instituted to have the borough 
limits extended so as to include the Seminary property. In the Borough 
These efforts were successful, and all the Seminary 
buildings were connected with the town water supply, sewer and electric 
lights. 
During this period several important steps were taken to minister to 
the social! life of the Seminary students. The first of these was the erection 
of a refectory or dining hall. The problem of providing 


proper boarding facilities for the Seminary students had A Sketch of 
never been solved. A sketch of the efforts to solve the Seminary 
problem may interest .the reader. The original Boarding 


plan of the founders of the Seminary was that all the 
students should board together “in commons” except in special cases as 
permitted by the Faculty. This common boarding-table was to be pro- 
vided by a “steward” who was to be employed by the Directors. These 
were the specifications of the constitution of 1826. The first few years, 
as the Seminary did not have its own dormitory, the students roomed and 
boarded with private families in Gettysburg at a cost averaging two dol- 
lars a week. But many of the students felt the need of curtailing expenses, 
and in the spring of 1829 they formed an organization variously known as 
the Brotherhood, the Confraternity, the Adelphos and the Poorhouse. 
Nearly all of the students belonged to the organization. They chose one of 
their number as “superintendent,” rented a large house from Thomas 
Cooper for $120 a year, employed two colored men as cooks and care- 
takers, transferred their lodgings to the rented house and proceeded to con- 
duct an unofficial ‘“‘commons.” This arrangement had the sanction of Pro- 
fessors Schmucker and Michael Jacobs and it proved highly satisfactory 
to most of the students. The cost of boarding was reduced by this plan to 
ninety-six cents a week. Some of the rules that obtained in the Brother- 
hood border on the semi-monastic. The personal habits of the members 
were carefully regulated. The fare was substantial, but very plain. Fe- 
male society was strictly excluded. For a time it was the practice to ap- 
point one of the brethren to read aloud during meal-time. 

When the Seminary erected its own building in 1831, the basement floor 
was reserved for the steward, who was also to be the janitor. A commit- 
tee from the Board of Directors employed a steward and 


the official “commons” began. But there was almost con- The Official 
stant complaint, either on the part of the students Commons 


concerning the fare or on the part of the steward or 
stewardess concerning the price allowed for board. For many years in 
succession the honorable Directors made the boarding-table the subject of 


253 


HISTORY: OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


legislation, increasing the cost of board to suit the steward or improving 
the menu to suit the students. It was a matter of frequent communication 
between the students and the Directors. More than once stewards were 
summarily dismissed for remissness in the discharge of their duties and 
even more frequently students were admonished to be reasonable. When 
some of the students revolted against the system and undertook to board 
themselves or secure boarding in the town, a “contingent expense fee” of 
two dollars a session was laid upon all who did not board at the Seminary 
table, it was firmly resolved that none of the rooms in the dormitory should 
be used for cooking, and the provisions of the constitution concerning the 
commons were read to the students. 
As the dissatisfaction continued, a new plan was adopted in 1847. It 
was called the “fraternity system” and closely resembied the “club plan” of 
the present day. The students organized themselves 
The Fraternity into a boarding club, paid the stewardess a flat sum to 
System cook and care for the rooms, and purchased their own 
supplies, dividing the cost among themselves. After a 
few years this plan also proved unsatisfactory, partly because of the 
small number of students and partly because of the inefficiency of the 
stewardess. The old system of a commons under the official care of the 
Directors was restored in 1851. The catalogue of that year repeats 
verbatim the announcement made in the catalogue of 1840: “Boarding $1.50 
per week in commons. Some students board themselves at 90 cents per 
week.” But in 1860 the statement reads: “Boarding $2.00 per week in 
commons. Some students are boarded in private families at a lower rate.” 
After the Civil War, with the prices of commodities constantly mount- 
ing, it became increasingly difficult to hold the students to the commons. 
In 1872 it is recorded that only a minority of them were 
boarding at the Seminary table. The Faculty recorded 
its “very decided judgment that the best interests of 
the Institution would be promoted by the students’ boarding together and 
separate from a miscellaneous boarding house.” The Directors heartily 
concurred in that judgment and strongly urged the students to return to the 
commons. But in spite of repeated efforts to improve the fare during the 
next fifteen years and in spite of repeated resolutions on the subject, the 
Seminary commons did not approve itself to a majority of the student 
body and in 1886 the commons was officially discontinued, the office of 
steward was abolished, and only the janitor remained. The students were 


free now to find boarding where they would, except that they were strictly 
forbidden to board at hotels. 


Commons 


Abolished 


From this time on, for twenty-five years the Sem- 
inary students went into town for their meals, finding 
accommodations chiefly at the fraternities and boarding- 
clubs of the College students. In fair weather and foul, they traveled in 
254 


Dispersive 
Boarding 


BIG-BUSINESS AND. STEADY PROSPERITY 


most cases more than a mile each way for these accommodations. In some 
cases they formed associations that were not the most desirable and ac- 
quired habits that were not conducive to the highest refinement. The trips 
to meals were distracting to student life at the Seminary. There was little 
sense of common interest in the student body and little opportunity for 
common enterprise. 

No measures were taken to remedy the boarding situation until 1909, 
when the Faculty recommended the erection of a refectory on the west 
side of Seminary Avenue at the north end of the Sem- 
inary Grove. It was suggested that the style and mate- The Refectory 
rials of the proposed building should be in keeping with 
the other buildings of the institution and that it should be large enough to 
seat about one hundred people at table and to afford living accommodations 





THE REFECTORY. 
Trected 1910. 


for a family. The project was approved by the Directors and the building 
was erected in 1910 under the direct supervision of Dr. Singmaster. Mr. 
J. A. Dempwolf was the architect. The total cost of the building and its 
equipment was nearly fifteen thousand dollars. Of this amount about one- 
fifth was covered by a legacy from Jacob Neidig, in whose honor the din- 
ing-room was named. Another one-fifth was gathered from the current 
funds of the Seminary. The balance was secured by subscriptions solicited 
by Dr. Singmaster. 

The new building with its splendid equipment and beautiful surround- 
ings not only proved a handsome addition to the property of the Seminary, 
but it also solved at once the problem that for four- 
score years had been awaiting solution. The spacious Its Uses 
and attractive dining-room, the substantial quality and 
large variety of the menu, the high grade of culinary skill on the part of the 

255 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


matron, and the low rate made possible by the elimination of overhead 
and by wholesale buying—all combined to attract every resident student 
and several of the professors’ families to the refectory tables. The co- 
operative or club plan of administration was adopted and the entire man- 
agement was placed in the hands of a committee of students chosen by 
themselves. This plan has worked to the utmost satisfaction of those 
concerned and both the building and the method of operation have served 
as models for several other institutions. The daily use of the refectory 
at once became a pleasing feature in the social life of the students. It 
has ended the inconvenience and other disadvantages of boarding here and 
there in the town. It has furnished a point of contact of all the students 
with one another and thus promoted their sense of brotherhood and fellow- 
ship in the breaking of bread together. It also provides a most con- 
venient place for the Faculty and students to hold receptions for groups 
from outside the institution. 
Another step in ministering to the social needs of 

The Social the students was taken in 1917 when one of the largest 
Room rooms on the first floor of the Lecture Hall was splen- 

didly equipped as a parlor or social room. The hand- 
some furnishings were made possible by the generosity of several lay 
friends of the Seminary. It serves as a place for the informal gatherings 
of the students and for the more formal reception of their friends. It 
soon became the custom for the Faculty to tender two receptions a year, 
one at the opening of each semester, to the students and their friends. To 
this the student body reciprocates with a reception in the course of each 
semester in honor of the Faculty. These pleasant occasions, together with 
others made possible by the social room and the refectory, have cultivated 
personal contact between the members of the Faculty and the students and 
their friends and thus have supplied a long-felt need. They have promoted 
the sense of solidarity and common interest and have intensified the spirit 
of loyalty to the Seminary and the cause it represents. 

These aids in the social life of the students have 

Its Value also helped to cultivate the fine art of an easy gentility. 

What is more, for those who have studied at the Sem- 
inary since these new features have been added, the Seminary is no longer 
thought of merely as a graduate school in which the lectures and the library 
are the only features; there is also the culture of personality and the com- 
mon enthusiasm of Seminary fellowship which helps to mark the students 
with the distinctive Gettysburg stamp. This, too, constitutes an element 
in their preparation for the ministry. 

Several other additions to the material equipment of the Seminary are 
worthy of mention. When the State of Pennsylvania celebrated the fiftieth 
anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1913 by staging on the bat- 
tlefield a grand reunion of all the veterans of the Civil War, the Sem- 


256 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


inary for a week opened its doors, dormitories and refectory to care for 
a number of the specially invited guests of the State, particularly the gov- 
ernors and army officers who came from the South. Com- 

memorating this event, and with funds accruing from it, The Peace 
a fine portico called the “Peace Portico” was built on Portico 
the west side of the original Seminary building which 

had served as a hospital during and after the battle. It made a new front 
of what was formerly the rear of the dormitory, thus conforming with the 





THE Main BuILpING 1n 1914. 


Viewed from the southwest and showing the Peace Portico. 


new conditions created by the building of the government avenue through 
the Seminary property. 

. the next year a beautiful copy of Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Last. Supper” 
was presented to the Seminary by Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. Miller. It is 
a canvas twenty-three feet by six and a half feet, 

painted by the artist James A. Sword, of Philadelphia, Other 
and it was located in the pulpit-recess of the Chapel. Additions 
In 1916 a Moeller pipe-organ was installed in the 

Chapel, to take the place of the old instrument presented by the College 
church of Gettysburg twenty-one years before. The new organ was the 
gift of Mr. and Mrs. William Grecht of Baltimore and Mr. M. P. Moeller 
of Hagerstown. About the same time a large p-ogram clock was presented 
by Major H. B. Keiper of Lancaster. During a severe thunder-storm on 
August 18, 1913, the cupola on the original Seminary building was struck 
by lightning and burned down to the deck, where the flames were for- 
tunately arrested. The destruction of this beautiful and historic land- 
mark stirred the poetic muses of several of the men who in former 


257 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


years had dwelt beneath its lofty dome. By the aid of photographs and 
a skillful architect the graceful cupola was at once restored to pre- 
cisely its former appearance. 
Altogether during these thirty years a debt of over $65,000 was lifted 
and the property of the Seminary grew in value from 
Increase in $165,000 to $450,000. Much of this growth in valuation 
Property Value was due to increase in acreage, additional equipment, 
new buildings, and the thorough renovation and improve- 
ment of the older properties. Much of it was due also to the natural in- 
crease in property values resulting from changed economic conditions. 
Even more important than the expansion and im- 
Increase in provement of the property of the Seminary was the 
Endowment rapid increase of its endowment. When the period 
opened, that is in 1896, the endowment was about $125,- 
000. When the debt was liquidated and Dr. Singmaster became chairman 
of the Faculty, in 1903, the endowment fund stood at about $200,000. Then 
came rapid increases, through timely bequests of friends, through special 
action of synods, and through persistent public and private appeals of the 
President of the Seminary. In its centennial year the Seminary records 
productive endowment of about half a million dollars. 
Worthy of special mention among the individual con- 
Special tributions to the endowment are the following: from 
Contributions the Hon. J. Harry Fritz of Somerset County, Pennsyl- 
vania, over $53,000; from the estate of Charles A. 
Morris, the first treasurer of the Seminary, about $5,000; from Amanda E. 
Glatfelter of Spring Grove, by bequest, $5,000; from Charles A. Kunkel 
of Harrisburg, by bequest, $5,000; from Samuel Seibert of Hagerstown, by 
bequest, $7,200; from the Sharetts brothers of Frederick County, Mary- 
land, on annuity, $13,000; and from Eleanor S. Lewis of Allentown, Penn- 
sylvania, by bequest in memory of her grandfather, Dr. S. S. Schmucker, 
nearly $18,000. 
In 1919 the enormous increase in the cost of living led the Directors to 
order that a special effort be made to add to the endowment funds so as to 
increase the salaries of the professors. Dr. Singmaster 
The Glatfelter undertook the work and set himself a goal of $100,000. 
Professorship At the end of a year he was able to report that in- 
cluding a few small annuities and one small bequest 
that had matured, his subscription list totaled almost exactly $100,000. More 
than four-fifths of this sum was already in the treasury as productive en- 
dowment. Of this amount $50,000 was the gift of the heirs of Philip H. 
Glatfelter of Spring Grove, Pennsylvania. In recognition of this the chair 
of New Testament Language, Literature and Theology was designated as 
“The Philip H. and Amanda E. Glatfelter. Professorship.” 
At the same time the Maryland Synod decided to celebrate its centennial 


258 


BIGsbUSINESSHWAN DoS? EAWY “PROSPIORTYT ¥ 


by endowing a chair in the Seminary. A synodical committee was appointed 
to secure a fund of $50,000. Asking that the territory of the Maryland 
Synod be exempt from the special effort being made by 


the Seminary itself, the committee set to work and in The Maryland 
October, 1920, reported that the desired total had been Synod 
reached in subscriptions and that more than one-fifth Professorship 


of the amount had already been paid into the treasury of 

the Seminary. Most of the balance was paid in during the next five years. 
The fund was applied to the endowment of “The Maryland Synod Pro- 
fessorship of Church History.” 

At the close of this period, therefore, the total assets of the Seminary, 
in property value and endowment funds, approached the million dollar 
mark. Surely it was a time of big business and material prosperity, and 
the Seminary was in tune with the spirit of enterprise that was abroad 
in the land. 

During most of this period also the supporting synods paid $3,000 an- 
nually into a “Contingent Fund,” which was used in part payment of the 
coal bill of the institution. 

This splendid advance in the income of the Seminary made possible 
several increases in-the salaries of the professors. In 
1896 the salaries were $1,600 and house. Thirty years Increase in 
later they were $3,000 and house and heat, with an addi- Salaries 
tional $500 for the president. The material prosperty of 
the institution enabled the Faculty and the Directors to undertake much ex- 
pansion of the curriculum and many improvements in facilities. 

Meanwhile sweeping changes had taken place in the internal operation 
of the school. For one thing there had been a complete change in the per- 
sonnel of the Faculty. All of the men who had consti- 
tuted the Faculty when the new building was dedicated Changes in 
in 1895 had now passed off the scene. In less than Faculty 
two decades the four names that had represented the 
teaching force of the school were gone, and five new names had taken 
their places. During the next decade two more new names appeared. It 
was the swiftest change that the annals of the institution record. 

The first of the former Faculty to pass away was Dr. Wolf, who died 
in 1905, after having been on the teaching staff of the Seminary for more 
than thirty years. On Dr. Valentine’s retirement in 
1903 he had become the senior member of the Fac- Wolf's Death 
ulty. He was only sixty-five years old when he died 
and still at the height of his powers. His work as a writer and a church- 
man had brought much honor to the Seminary, and he was president of 
the General Synod at the time of his death. He was an impressive per- 
sonality and an inspiring teacher, and his early death was deeply mourned. 
The students held an impressive memorial service, the Faculty recorded a 


259 


HISTORY .OF GETTYSBURG: SEMINARY 


tribute to his memory and the Directors expressed their cordial apprecia- 
tion of his scholarly attainments, his Christian character, and the high 
worth to the Seminary of his literary activity. His personal career is out- 
lined in Chapter XV of this volume. 
The vacancy in the chair of New Testament Exegesis 
Coover Called and Church History caused by the death of Dr. Wolf 
was filled by the election of the Rev. Prof. Melanchthon 
Coover, D.D. Dr. Coover had been pastor of the College church at Gettys- 
burg for three years and for one year professor of the English Bible and 
chaplain in Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg. He began his work at the 
Seminary in the fall of 1905 and was inaugurated on September 14. The 
subject of his inaugural address was “The Study of the New Testament.” 
The next year the Seminary community was called on to mourn the loss 
of its Professor Emeritus, Dr. Valentine. For nineteen years he had been 
professor of systematic theology and the responsible 
Valentine’s head of the institution. For three years he had lived in 
Death retirement. Once he had emerged from his retirement 
to deliver to the Seminary students eight lectures on 
“The Relations of Science and Philosophy to Theology.” The lectures 
were published in booklet form by the students. On February 7, 1906, he 
quietly passed away, being in the eighty-first year of his life. His death 
was the occasion for a repetition of the high personal tributes that had 
marked his retirement from active teaching. A sketch of his life and work 
is recorded in Chapter XV of this volume. 
Another distinguished member of the Faculty died in 1909. This was 
Dr. J. W. Richard. His death was sudden and came as a distinct shock 
to the friends of the Seminary. He was only sixty-six 
Richard’s years old and had just finished his great work on the 
Death confessional history of the Lutheran Church. He had 
labored at his studies without surcease and at the time 
of his death was at the very height of his didactic and literary powers. 
Both Faculty and Directors recorded their profound sense of loss to the 
institution in Dr. Richard’s death and expressed their deep appreciation of 
his sterling Christian qualities, his “unflinching courage in maintaining his 
convictions,’ and his great “zeal for higher educational standards for the 
clergy and institutions of his Church, and the consequent inspiration and 
encouragement to profounder scholarship on the part of his students.” A 
summary of his life and work is found in Chapter XV of this History. 
To fill the vacancy caused by the untimely death of 
Clutz Called Dr. Richard, the official Directorate of the Seminary 
chose Dr. Jacob A. Clutz. Dr. Clutz had given ample 
proof of his teaching powers as professor and president of Midland Col- 
lege. He had also seen a very wide and varied experience in practical 
lines of Church activity. At the time of Dr. Richard’s death he was the 


260 


BIG) BUSINESSSAND STEADY. PROSPERDUDY 


popular pastor of St. James’ Lutheran Church in Gettysburg. He was 
therefore thoroughly qualified to fill the chair of Practical Theology and 
Homiletics to which he had been elected. He accepted the call of the 
Seminary and was inaugurated September 14, 1909. His inaugural ad- 
dress was entitled, ‘“‘The Essentials of Pulpit Power.” 

Soon there was another vacancy in the teaching force of the Seminary. 
The year after Dr. Richard’s death, Dr. Billheimer tendered his resigna- 
tion on account of advancing age. He had served for 
seventeen years as professor of Old Testament lan- Billheimer 
guage and literature. He was. now approaching his Resigns 
seventieth birthday and felt keenly the growing in- 
firmities of his years. He agreed to teach one more year in order that 
the Directors might have time to select his successor; then in 1911 he with- 
drew from the active work of teaching and was made Professor Emeritus 
of the Old Testament Department. The Faculty and the Directors ex- 
pressed their grateful recognition of his faithful labors in the Seminary 
and he was granted an annuity of $300. For nearly twelve years Dr. Bill- 
heimer lived in retirement, until on February 10, 1923, in his eightieth year, 
he passed away. He was the last of the veteran teachers who had taught 
in the original Seminary building. His death called forth many tributes 
from former students as well as from Faculty and Directors, recognizing 
his worth as preacher, teacher and citizen. A brief narrative of his life 
and labors is recorded in Chapter XV of this book. 

When Dr. Billheimer resigned, the Directors appointed a committee to 
nominate his successor. At a special meeting of the Directors in June, 
1910, the committee nominated the Rev. Dr. Herbert C. ; 
Alleman, pastor of Messiah Lutheran Church in Alleman Called 
Philadelphia. Dr. Alleman had been graduated from 
the College at Gettysburg in 1887 and from the Seminary in 1891. For 
four years, 1896 to 1900, he had been pastor of the College church in Gettys- 
burg. He was now elected to succeed Dr. Billheimer and during the fol- 
lowing year intensified the courses he had been pursuing in Semitics and 
archaeology at the University of Pennsylvania. He took charge of his 
work at the Seminary in September, 1911, and was formally installed in 
connection with the convention of the West Pennsylvania Synod on October 
9, delivering his inaugural on “The Study of Hebrew in the Theological 
Curriculum.” 

Another change in the Faculty occurred in 1916 when Dr. Kuhlman re- 
signed as professor of Biblical theology in order to accept a call as field 
secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. Kuhl- 
man had spent thirteen years in his professorship and Kuhlman 
by his profound spiritual temperament and the graces of Resigns 
his sterling Christian character he had exerted a most sal- 
utary moulding influence on the students. The Faculty in taking cognizance 


261 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


of his resignation gave expression to their very high regard for his spiritual 
influence in the Seminary and their sincere appreciation of “the pleasur- 
able years of fraternal co-operation as a member of the Faculty.” The 
Directors, too, left on record their high estimate of he services he had ren- 
dered in “establishing the course of instruction in a most difficult depart- 
ment.” : 
Upon Dr. Kuhlman’s resignation the Faculty recommended an important 
readjustment of the curriculum, asking that the chair of Biblical Theology 
be discontinued and that a chair of Church History be 
Curriculum established in its stead. They set forth that Biblical the- 
Re-adjusted ology is too highly specialized a subject to occupy a 
separate department in the Seminary when its ma- 
terials are practically covered by the exegetical departments, and that the 
combination of a major subject like Church history with another major 
subject like New Testament exegesis “has been burdensome to the Pro- 
fessor and out of harmony with a well balanced curriculum.” The recom- 
mendation was adopted and the subjects formerly taught by Dr. Kuhlman 
were distributed. Old Testament theology was assigned to the Depart- 
ment of Old Testament Language and Literature. New Testament the- 
ology went to the Department of New Testament Language and Literature. 
Propaedeutics was given to the Department of Systematic Theology and 
that department was relieved of its history of doctrine. To the “Chair 
of Historical Theology” was assigned Church history, history of doctrine, 
history of religion, and history of missions. This gave much better balance 
to the entire curriculum and made the individual departments far more 
homogeneous. 
To the newly established Department of Church History the Directors 
called Prof. Abdel Ross Wentz. Dr. Wentz had graduated from the Sem- 
inary in 1907, had spent three years in the universities of 
Wentz Called Germany and for seven years had been teaching general 
history and English Bible in the College at Gettys- 
burg. He was installed as professor of historical theology at the Seminary 
on September 21, 1916. His inaugural address was on the subject, “Church 
History Pure and Applied.” 
Yet one more change in the teaching staff must be 
Clutz’s Death recorded before the Seminary rounded out its hundred 
years. It came near the very end of the period. Dr. 
J. A. Clutz, professor of practical theology, was approaching his seventy- 
eighth birthday. He was still in good health and in perfect vigor of mind. 
But he always took his class-room work very seriously and he now sought 
to be relieved from the responsibilities of teaching in order that he might 
have leisure to read and write. He presented his resignation in 1925, to 
take effect on September 1, 1926. During the summer of 1925 he went to 
Sweden as an official delegate of the United Lutheran Church to the Uni- 


262 


BiG BUSINESS VANDEoLEADY sPROSPRERILY 


versal Christian Conference on Life and Work at Stockholm. There he 
suffered an accident that led to his death on September 5. He was buried 
at Gettysburg on September 27. His had been a most varied and useful 
career, and many were the tributes of appreciation and affection that his 
death called forth. The Seminary Faculty and students held a special 
memorial service in his memory. Not only had he kept the work of his 
department on a high level of efficiency, but by his many lines of activity 
and his many positions of responsibility in the Church at large, he had 
served as an important connecting-link between the Seminary and ecumen- 
ical Lutheranism. A brief account of his varied career is presented in 
Chapter XV of this book. 

Coming as it did at the opening of the Seminary year, Dr. Clutz’s tragic 
death left the Department of Practical Theology without a head for that 
year. The subjects, however, were distributed among 
the other professors and thus the instruction of that Hoover Called 
department was temporarily provided for. When 
Dr. Clutz had resigned, the Directors had committed to their Executive 
Committee the task of nominating a successor. This committee, reporting 
on December 15, nominated the Rev. Harvey D. Hoover, Ph.D., S.T.D., 
president of Carthage College, and he was elected professor of practical 
theology. Dr. Hoover received his undergraduate training partly at Gettys- 
burg College and partly at Susquehanna University. He graduated from 
the Theological Department of Susquehanna University in 1902. His post- 
graduate work he took at Illinois Wesleyan University, receiving the doc- 
torate of philosophy in 1906. For two years, from 1907 to 1909, he taught 
sociology and philosophy at Susquehanna. Then for seventeen years he 
was the efficient president of Carthage College, instructing also in philos- 
ophy and part of the time in education. He accepted the call to Gettys- 
burg and signified his intention to take up the work of practical theology 
in September, 1926. 

Besides this complete change in the personnel of the teaching staff dur- 
ing this period, there were also several noteworthy changes in government 
and curriculum. During the first forty years in the life 
of the Seminary no important changes were made in its The 
constitution. Such slight changes as were made pertained Constitution 
to the time of the vacations and the manner of board- 
ing. Like the theology of Dr. Schmucker himself, the constitution which 
he prepared for the institution in 1826 remained unchanged in all impor- 
tant points throughout his long incumbency as chairman of the Faculty. 

After the accession of Dr. Brown and during the 
period of reconstruction several significant changes were The Changes 
made in the constitution. The amendments were adopted of 1866 
in 1866 and the new constitution was published in 1867. 

The first “design” of the institution is now no longer “to provide our 


263 


' HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


churches with pastors who sincerely believe, and cordially approve of, the 
doctrines of the Holy Scriptures, as they are fundamentally taught in the . 
Augsburg Confession.” In accordance with the changed confessional tem- 
per of the Church as a whole, and the changed constitution of the Genera! 
Synod, the first design of the Seminary is now stated thus: “To provide 
our churches with pastors who sincerely believe the Word of God, as con- 
tained in the canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, to be 
the only infallible rule of faith and practice, and who hold the Augsburg 
Confession to be a correct exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the 
divine Word.” ‘This was directly in accord with the professorial oath of 
office as it had stood from the beginning. The synodical representation on 
the Board of Directors is no longer in 1867 based upon the contributions to 
the Seminary treasury but upon the size of the synod, each synod being 
allowed as many clerical and lay Directors as it elected delegates to the 
General Synod. The Directors are henceforth to meet annually instead of 
semi-annually. In stating that the time for a complete course of study is 
three years, the constitution no longer suggests that “students may be re- 
ceived for a shorter time.’ The entire article concerning beneficiaries is 
deleted, as this work had now been taken up by the district synods. These 
changes, it was claimed, brought the constitution into harmony with the 
altered practice of the Seminary and at the same time made the basis of 
synodical representation on the Board of Directors “more definite and in-» 
telligible.” 
Eight years later another general revision of the constitution was made. 
The purpose seems to have been to relieve the Directors of the responsi- 
bility for so many of the details in the internal workings 
The Changes of the school and to place that responsibility on the 
of 1874 shoulders of the Faculty. The revision consisted 
largely of omissions from the old constitution. For 
instance, it is no longer specified how many lectures or recitations each pro- 
fessor must have, nor how often the students must prepare essays, nor at 
what hours the students must be in their rooms. The entire lengthy article 
on “The Devotional Exercises of the Students” is omitted and likewise the 
sections that prescribed “diligence and industry” on the part of the students, 
and deference and cleanliness and frugality. Many of the detailed reg- 
ulations concerning the library are deleted, and these matters are left to 
the librarian with the sanction of the other professors. To compensate 
for all these omissions a new article is added empowering the Faculty “to 
enact By-Laws for the internal government of the Seminary.” Such were 
the new arrangements in the government of the institution that went into 
effect in 1874. 
After that no important changes in the constitution were made for 
nearly thirty years, which brings us into the period now under review. It 
was in 1905 that the next step was taken in the development of the polity of 


264 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


the Seminary. This time the suggestion for changes came from the Fac- 
ulty. The year after Dr. Singmaster became chairman of the Faculty they 
set forth that the charter and constitution are “in many 
respects quite obsolete and indefinite and may indeed The Changes 
work to the serious detriment of the Seminary.” A com- of 1906 
mittee of the Directors undertook the revision, and its 
suggested changes, with only a few exceptions, were adopted and went into 
effect in 1906. Many of the changes were calculated simply to make the 
constitution harmonize with new conditions. For example, the public ex- 
amination of the classes in the presence of a committee of Directors had 
fallen into disuse and was now stricken from the constitution, only the writ- 
ten examinations by the professors being prescribed. The provisions for 
the conferring of the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, adopted in 1894, were 
written into the constitution. The article concerning the steward and the 
longer one concerning the administration of the funds, both being obsolete, 
were omitted. The design of the Seminary, which was originally expressed 
in eight sections and in 1867 was reduced to seven, was now compressed 
into a single sentence and narrowed to the education of ministers. But 
there is no change in the doctrinal basis either as expressed in the design 
or as set forth in the professor’s oath of office. 

More important in the revision of 1906 was the change in the size of 
the Board of Directors. Twenty years before, an effort had been made to 
reduce the number of the Directors, but without success; 


and again, only ten years before, another such effort Number of 
had failed. With the continued increase in the size of Directors 
the supporting synods the number of the Directors Diminished 


had grown until in 1905 it exceeded one hundred. The 

body had become unwieldy and its meetings expensive. The amendments 
now made limited the total number of Directors to fifty and to that end 
readjusted the ratio of representation. It is also specified that the regular 
meetings of the Board be held at Gettysburg. 

The most important change, however, was the new allocation of powers 
in the internal management of the Seminary. The article that had em- 
powered the Faculty to enact by-laws for the internal 
government of the institution was rescinded. The final A Seminary 
examinations of the students were committed to the pro- President 
fessors, and the Faculty was authorized to dismiss un- 
worthy students without first submitting their cases to the Directors. It 
was, however, distinctly specified that “The actions of the Faculty shall 
always be subject to revision by the Board.” Most significant was the pro- 
vision that “The Board shall elect from among the professors a president 
of the Seminary, who shall be ex officio chairman of the Faculty. He shall | 
be the executive officer of the Board in the management of the business of | 
the Seminary, and shall represent it before churches and synods, and shall 


265 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


endeavor to advance its interests, financial and otherwise.’ Thirty years 
earlier an effort had been made to constitute the chairman of the Faculty 
an ex officio member of the Board, but the effort had failed. Now, how- 
ever, a much bigger step was taken in providing for a president of the 
Seminary as “the executive officer of the Board.” Dr. Singmaster, the 
chairman of the Faculty, was at once elected president of the Seminary. 
The president of the Seminary became ex officio chairman of the Repair 
and Property Committee and the Finance Committee of the Board. There- 
after, in the proceedings of the Directors, the report of the president of the 
Seminary takes precedence over the report of the Faculty and deals with 
many of the matters that had previously been in charge of the Faculty. 
Thus many of the powers and responsibilities that were vested in the 
Board of Directors during the first forty years and in the Faculty during 
the next forty years are now vested in the president. It was a change in 
method of administration that was demanded by general conditions and sug- 
gested by the practice of other corporations, the centralization of authority 
and responsibility in the interest of administrative efficiency. Everywhere 
it was an era of big business. 
Corresponding to these several changes in the constitution were the 
changes from time to time in the charter. And in addition, the revised 
charter of 1887 provided that the yearly income of the 
Charter Seminary should not exceed twenty thousand dollars. 
Changes Sixty years earlier the maximum allowed was six thou- 
sand. Twenty years later it was placed at fifty thou- 
sand. After the formation of the United Lutheran Church in America in 
1918, and the resultant mergers of some of the district synods supporting 
the Seminary, another revision was made in the charter so as to permit 
Directors to be chosen by the district synods of the General Synod and also 
of the United Lutheran Church. 
As the Seminary approaches its centennial another revision of the con- 
stitution is in progress. The proposed changes are mostly in language and 
arrangement of content. It is noticeable, however, that 
The Changes in the “provisional revision,’ which is to be acted on in 
of 1926 May 1926, the design of the Seminary includes “to 
prepare competent men and women as leaders in 
Christian education and in other spheres of Christian service,’ that the 
professors are no longer pledged to teach in opposition to the long array 
of “errorists” who have hitherto been named, that the teaching of the Sem- 
inary “shall be in harmony with the Doctrinal Basis of the United Luth- 
eran Church in America,” that provision is made for an Executive Com- 
mittee of the Board of Directors as well as a Property Committee and a 
Finance Committee, that the president of the Seminary shall be ex officio a 
member of the Board, that professors shall retire at the age of seventy-two 
and shall have a minimum pension of $500 per annum, that provision is 


266 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
made for “special students,” and that the Directors may upon recommenda- 
tion of the Faculty confer the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

This last period in the life of the Seminary witnessed also the expan- 
sion of the curriculum along several lines. Reference has already been 
made to the redistribution of the subjects of study and 
the better articulation of the departments of instruction A New 
that was effected in 1916 by the establishment of a sep- Department 
arate Department of Church History. In 1925 an entirely 
new department was created and a sixth professor added to the Faculty. 
For some years there had been a demand from the constituency of the 
Seminary for more instruction in analytical English Bible. An effort had 
been made to meet this demand by introducing such a course covering one 
hour a week for each class. With the growing importance of the Sunday 
School and the sudden interest in week-day religious education and daily 
vacation Bible schools, the demand arose that our ministers be equipped to 
act as intelligent leaders in the educational program of the churches and 
of the Church. Accordingly, on the initiative of the Directors in 1924, it 
was determined to establish a Department of Religious Education and Eng- 
lish Bible. This, it was felt, would not only place the Seminary abreast of 
the times in its curriculum but would also furnish much needed relief to 
the overcrowded Department of Practical Theology. The new professor- 
ship was named the East Pennsylvania Synod Professorship of Religious 
Education and English Bible. 

As the first incumbent of the new chair the Seminary called the Rev. 
M. Hadwin Fischer, Ph.D. Dr. Fischer came well equipped for the spe- 
cial duties of his new department. He was a Canadian 
by birth and a member of the Susquehanna Synod. He Fischer 
was graduated from Susquehanna University in 1902 and Called 
from its Theological Department three years later. He 
served several pastorates. His doctorate of philosophy he received from 
Illinois Wesleyan University in 1910. In 1919 he organized the Williams- 
sport School of Religious Education and for three years was its superin- 
tendent. Then for three years he was the director of Christian education 
for the Pennsylvania State Sabbath School Association, in which capacity 
he did pioneer work. He had also published a study of the life of Christ. 
He was inaugurated on “Matriculation Day,’ September 29, 1925, using 
as the theme of his inaugural address, “Educational Ministries in the 
Modern Church.” 

Meanwhile the curriculum had been expanded along other lines. A 
course in public speaking was introduced. For several 
years the Directors had tried to find some way of pro- Public 
viding instruction in the art of elocution, but in 1903 it Speaking 
was still a desideratum and was enumerated among those 
mentioned by Dr. Singmaster. Efforts were made to unite with the College in 


267 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


securing a full-time instructor in the subject, but in vain. Finally, Mr. J. 
Harry Fritz of Somerset, Pa., gave ten thousand dollars to endow an in- 
structorship in elocution and on this foundation the work began in 1910. 
The first instructor was Rev. John T. Huddle, D.D., of Washington, D. C., 
who spent two weeks at the Seminary. The next two years Rev. C. C. 
Morehart of Cleveland, Ohio, spent three weeks each year giving instruc- 
tion in public speaking. Then for five years the Seminary had the services 
each year for six weeks of Mr. Walter P. Taylor, Ph.D., of the Boston 
School of Oratory. In 1918, due to the World War, no regular instructor 
was secured, but Professor Byron King gave three lectures on the sub- 
ject. The next year Mr. L. G. Rarig, of the Byron King School in. Pitts- 
burgh, spent five weeks on the subject. In 1920 Rev. C. C. Morehart came 
again for six weeks, and the following year Rev. A. R. Steck, D.D., of 
Carlisle, for eight lectures. 
Since 1922 the students have had each year a month of intensive training 
at the hands of Professor George M. Sleeth, Litt.D., of the Western The- 
ological Seminary, at Allegheny. He has had a long 
Sleeth in and honored career in the training of voices for the 
Charge pulpit. At Gettysburg Seminary he is known as the 
J. Harry Fritz Lecturer on Public Speaking. His eff- 
cient services in teaching the art of expression, in training the voice for 
public speaking and in the correction of faults in delivery, constitute an 
integral part of the Seminary curriculum and an essential element in the 
training of the Seminary student today. _ 
In order to supplement the practical training of the students, the Sem- 
inary began in 1912 to send each senior class on a tour to one or more of 
the metropolitan centers. The tour usually extends over 
Senior Class two weeks. The students are placed under the guidance 
Tour of experienced hands, and the time is utilized in the 
systematic observation of the missionary and charitable 
work of the Lutheran Church in large cities. Each alternate year this trip 
is made to include a visit to the convention of the United Lutheran Church. 
The results in the education of the prospective ministers have abundantly 
justified the investment of time and money, and the main objection to the 
rural location of a theological seminary is overcome. 
An important change in curriculum was made in 
The Group 1919 when the Group System of studies was introduced. 
System For many years it had been observed that a fraction 
of each class of students had great difficulty and little 
profit in the study of Hebrew. The same was true, though to a smaller 
degree, concerning Greek. Moreover, the rapid changes in High School 
courses and then in College curricula had brought it about that more and 
more students came to the Seminary without any aptness to these lan- 
guages, particularly Hebrew. Every year there were several applicants ’ 


268 


BIG, BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


for admission, who had no elementary training in Greek, but whose qualifi- 
cations in other respects were excellent. Many theological seminaries had 
ceased to require Greek and Hebrew of all students but had made them 
alternative with other courses. Accordingly, on the recommendation of 
the Faculty, the Group System was inaugurated at Gettysburg. Under 
this system two groups of studies are offered, the Biblical Literature Group 
and the English Historical Group. In the Biblical Literature Group both 
Hebrew and Greek are required throughout the three years. Jn the Eng- 
lish Historical Group other courses, chiefly in the departments of Practical 
Theology and of Church History are required in place of Hebrew and 
Greek. Sudents in either group may elect a limited amount of work in 
the other. Only those who take the Biblical Literature Group of studies 
are eligible to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. Under this system more 
than half of each class have chosen to study Hebrew and Greek, and the 
net results for all students have been much better than under the old plan. 
The increase in the number of class periods due to the introduction of 
the Group System made it necessary to engage one of the seniors to give 
elementary instruction in Hebrew, but this necessity ceased when a sixth 
professor was added to the Faculty in 1925. 

Another item in extending the Seminary’s usefulness is the establish- 
ment of the “Gettysburg Seminary Week.” For many years it.had been 
the custom of the Seminary, sometimes through a com- 


mittee of the students, but usually through a committee Gettysburg 
of the Faculty, to import special lecturers, these special Seminary 
lecturers numbering ten or twelve each year and cov- Week 


ering a wide field. The lecturers were practical pastors, 
returned missionaries, and specialists of various kinds, both from America 
and from abroad. The lectures were interesting and profitable, but from 
the nature of the case, they were only occasional and not stated or sys- 
tematic. It was felt that the Seminary might minister to a wide circle of 
her alumni by setting aside one week annually, the same week year after 
year, for courses of lectures by distinguished scholars outside of the Fac- 
ulty, when the doors of the Seminary might be thrown open to former 
students and other friends and when both students and pastors might have 
an exceptional opportunity for instruction and inspiration. It was planned 
to inaugurate this new feature the second week after Easter, 1925, but 
the serious illness of the appointed lecturer compelled a cancellation of the 
program. It is hoped that the plan can be carried out during the same 
week of 1926. Dr. A. T. Robertson of Louisville, Kentucky, has been en- 
gaged, and the response of the alumni justifies the expectation that the 
“Gettysburg Seminary Week’ will become a permanently useful feature in 
the life of the institution. 

Several other events in the life of the Seminary during this last period 


269 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


may be regarded as “extra-mural’ activities. One of these began in 1919 

when the Seminary was made a supporting member of the American Schools 
of Oriental Research at Jerusalem and Bagdad. This 

Oriental Re- gives the students the right to attend these schools free 

search Schools of tuition and to the professors the privilege of partici- 
pating in the work of research. 

Another service rendered by the Seminary outside of its curriculum is 
rendered in connection with the Lutheran Summer Assembly. For thir- 

teen years it has acted as host to this inspiring con- 
Lutheran Sum- ference of Church workers during the first week in 
mer Assembly August. All its buildings have overflowed with guests and 
the splendid location and uplifting atmosphere, together 
with its superior facilities for such a gathering, have won a host of friends 
who would otherwise have remained strangers. The increasing popularity 
of the Summer Assembly and the general growth of lay interest in religious 
activity suggested the establishing of a Bible training school in connection 
with the regular curriculum of the Seminary. The Faculty took the matter 
_under advisement and the Directors in 1922 appointed a committee to con- 
fer on the matter, but it was regarded as too wide a digression from the 
traditions and original design of the Seminary. Instead of a training school 
for lay-workers a full Department of Religious Education and English 
Bible was established, and the design of the Seminary as stated in the 
constitution was enlarged to include the preparation of “competent men and 
women as leaders in Christian education and other spheres of Christian 
service.” 

A decided advance in the internal equipment of the Seminary during 
this period appears in the Library. This, as we have seen, was always an 

object of special concern and usually an object of pride. 
The Library Born before the Seminary itself, it grew rapidly. From 
to 1895 6,000 volumes in 1827 it grew to 7,000 in 1840 and to 

8,500 in 1850. In 1860 it numbered 10,500 volumes 
and was still called “one of the most valuable in the United States.” Six- 
teen years later when a campaign was undertaken to endow the Library 
it was announced that the books were “mainly German and many of them 
comparatively useless.” The endowment was not realized and the Library 
after that grew more slowly. But under Dr. Hay as librarian new books 
were selected with great care and the books were made readily accessible 
to the students. During his incumbency also the foundations were laid 
for the valuable collection of the Lutheran Historical Society, which was 
housed with the Seminary Library. 

In 1895, when the Seminary Library was moved to its handsome fire- 
proof hall in the new building, Dr. Richard was librarian and there were 
about 12,000 volumes in the two collections. Then by the aid of funds 
from the Singmaster estate and others from the Fritz estate, larger ac- 


270 


BIG WBUSINES SVAN DASTEADY 7 PROSPERITY 


cessions were made possible. Particularly valuable were the additions in 
patristics, symbolics and liturgics. Some of these works were of great 
rarity, and for double security in caring for them a 

heavy vault was built in the library annex in 1908. When The Library 
Dr. Richard laid down his labors in 1909 the Seminary to 1909 
Library numbered 16,000 volumes and the Lutheran 

Historical Society collection had grown to 3,000 volumes, the largest and 
best collection of its sort in existence. 

During the next ten years there was steady increase in all the depart- 
ments of the Library. Dr. Coover was librarian. Several important dona- 
tions of books were received. One was a collection of 
five hundred volumes from the private library of Dr. The Library 
Eli Huber, an alumnus of the Seminary and former pro- to 1920 
fessor of English Bible in Gettysburg College. These 
were largely works on devotional and apologetic themes and were received in 





AN ALCOVE IN THE LIBRARY. 


1912. Another donation was a collection of nearly a thousand volumes from 
the private library of Dr. Richard, donated by his widow in 1919. Among 
these were many volumes of exceptional value to theological students. 
From the private library of Rev. Charles Reinewald, D.D., about three 
hundred volumés were donated to the Seminary after his death in 1920. 
More than a thousand volumes gathered by Dr. Clutz and bearing directly 
on the subjects he had taught were bequeathed to the Seminary to form 
valuable departmental libraries for the Departments of Practical Theology 
and Religious Education. 

The most important accession to the Library in its whole history is the 
donation of Dr. Jeremiah Zimmerman of Syracuse, New York. Through 


2/1 


HISTORY OF-GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


inany years of research and travel Dr. Zimmezman had built up the li- 
brary of a student, and, desiring it to remain intact for the largest service, 
he gave it to ‘his theological alma mater. The collec- 
The Zimmer- tion began to arrive in 1919. It embraces already (1926) 
man Collection more than eleven thousand volumes, and there are several 
thousand more waiting to be sent. It includes the richest 





Cea 


BOOKPLATE OF THE ZIMMERMAN COLLECTION 


lore of ancient civilizations, of classic times, and of the modern period. It 
1s a grand storehouse of general and theological literature, history, bi- 
ography and travel, but is especially valuable for its works on the fine arts. 


272 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


These volumes are supplemented with splendid folios of art and archi- 
tecture, a-large number of rare coins and valuable medals, and about 13,000 
mounted postcards and photographs collected during many years of travel. 
There is a rare copy of the famous Gothic “Codex Argentinus” with fac- 
simile pages and a leaf from the Gutenberg Bible, the first book ever printed 
from movable type. There are a number of very rare old books, such as 
the richly illuminated manuscript Bible of the thirteenth century, a quarto 
Bible of 1479 and a folio copy of the New Testament of 1488, and several 
other incunabula. Other treasures are two large volumes of St. Jerome’s 
letters, printed in 1468, a first edition of Luther’s Small Catechism and 
Prayer-Book, a first edition of the Augsburg Confession in German of 
1530, and a first edition of the Greek Bible of 1518 with marginal anno- 
tations by some contemporary. 

This valuable collection is known as the “Dr. Jeremiah Zimmerman 
Library.” In order to house it properly the Lutheran Historical Library 
was moved to the lower floor of the building and thus a separate wing of 
the library annex was made available. Altogether, the Seminary Library, 
the Zimmerman Library and the Lutheran Historical Library place more 
than 42,000 volumes at the service of the student. 

In order to stimulate greater use of the Library and to cultivate the 
spirit of inquiry on the part of the students, the Faculty began in 1918 to 
require an annual thesis from every student. The thesis 
must be prepared under the supervision of one of the The Annual 
professors and must represent original research in Theses 
one of the departments of the curriculum. A satis- 
factory thesis in each of three departments is necessary tot graduation. 
This requirement, together with the changed methods of teaching, has re- 
sulted in much larger use of the valuable resources contained in the li- 
braries. During the first half century in the life of the ‘Seminary the 
Library was open two hours each week; today it is open every day and all 
day. It is equipped with every convenience for study and research by day 
and night. During the past six years Dr. Wentz has been librarian. 

Another forward step was taken in 1921 when the annual Catalogue was 
changed into a quarterly Bulletin. The Catalogue had become during re- 
cent years ‘the Seminary’s chief medium of publicity 
through the printed page. In the earlier life of the History of the 
institution the columns of the religious press were a suff- Catalogue 
cient medium. A Catalogue had been issued in 1827. 

It consisted of four pages and bore the imprint of “The Press of the The- 
ological Seminary, H. C. Neinstedt, Printer.” After that the Lutheran 
Intelligencer and later the Lutheran Observer carried the announcements 
and news of, the Seminary and the second issue of the Catalogue did not 
appear until 1840. The chief motive in publishing this issue was to pre- 
sent a list of the alumni so as to prevent false claims on the part of per- 


ais 


HISTORY ORSGE Diy sSbURGRSEMINA I 


sons applying to synods for ordination. After that the Catalogue appeared 
at more frequent intervals: in 1851, 1860, 1867, 1872, 1876 and 1881. All 
of these issues contained the constitution of the Seminary and a list of 
former students. Beginning with 1886 the Catalogue was issued annually, 
but the constitution and alumni list appeared only about every three years, 
that is, in 1888, 1891, 1895, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907, 1910, 1913, 1916 and 1921. 
For some time many of the friends of the Seminary, 

A Quarterly both Faculty and alumni, had felt that. the Seminary 
Bulletin was not keeping so closely in touch with its large and 
influential body of alumni as it might, and that conse- 

quently it was failing both to render to its alumni such services as it could 
and to receive from its alumni such help as they were capable of giving. 
It was felt, therefore, that the requirements of adequate publicity de- 


Githeran Chenlogical Seminary 
Bulletin 


Issued Quarterly. 











VO: Gettysburg, Pa., November, 1925. No. 4 











Published in Gettysburg, Pa., in the interests of the Lutheran 
Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa. Entered as second-class 
matter May 16, 1921, at the postoffice at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 
under the Act of Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special 
rate of postage provided for in Sec. 1103, Act of Oct. 3, 1917, au- 
thorized May 31, 1921. 





manded something more than an annual catalogue. Conforming to the 
practice of many other seminaries a quarterly Bulletim was established. The 
first number appears in February of each year and consists of the regular 
catalogue with detailed announcement of courses and other general an- 
nouncements. The second number appears in May and is the Commence- 
ment Number, with special announcements pertaining to that event. The 
third number appears in August and reports matters of general interest 
concerning student activities and special plans for the coming year. The 
fourth number appears in November and records the main events in the 
opening of the school year. These various numbers are replete with mat- 
ters of interest to all the friends of the Seminary. The Bulletin is edited 
by Dr. Alleman, the secretary of the Faculty. It is sent to all the alumni, 
all the ministers in the synods supporting the Seminary, and to a large list 


274 


BIG. BUSINESS AND:‘STEADY PROSPERITY 


of interested laymen. It has served as an efficient medium of publicity, 
keeping the Seminary in constant touch with its wide circle of friends, and 
keeping its friends in touch with the progress and the needs of the Sem- 
inary. 

The average number of students in attendance during this last period 
was somewhat lower than during the preceding period. The highest point 
in the record of attendance for the century was reached 
in 1894, when, as we have seen, there were seventy-four Student 
undergraduate students enrolled: From that high point Attendance 
the numbers declined with alarming steadiness. At 
the opening of the period we are now reviewing, that is in 1896, there were 
but sixty-two students. Ten years later the enrollment had reached the 
low level of twenty-eight. This was less than the enrollment sixty years 
earlier. All efforts to increase the attendance seemed unavailing. The 
appeals of the professors and the Directors for more ministerial candidates 
grew almost desperate. Efforts were made to analyze the trouble and 
devise a remedy. In 1906, when the attendance at the Seminary was lower 
than it had been for twenty-five years, the Directors adopted a long series 
of resolutions on the subject. They requested the synods and conferences 
of the Church to call the special attention of the people to the distressing 
dearth of men for the ministry. They called on the pastors to present the 
cause repeatedly from their pulpits and to make personal efforts to secure 
recruits. They appealed to parents to consecrate the best of their sons to 
the holy calling. They urged the presidents of colleges and the principals 
of other schools to present the great need of the Church to the youth 
under their care. They resolved to broadcast their appeal through the 
Church papers. These heroic measures, together with other factors, brought 
about a gradual increase. During the last twenty years, except for the 
decrease during the World War, the average enrollment approaches the 
half-hundred mark again. Even so, the attendance remains below that of 
the preceding period and far below the present capacity of the institution. 
The comparative dearth of students continues to be a crying need of the 
Seminary. 

This relatively low record in attendance is not hard to account for. It 
is due largely to general conditions prevailing in the | 
Church and in society at large. The lack of sufficient A General 
ministerial candidates was not peculiar to the Gettys- Condition 
burg Seminary or to the Lutheran Church, but was a 
general complaint. All the Churches in America and all the Protestant 
Churches of Europe faced the same grave situation. 

It is a significant fact that the fluctuation in the enrollment of theological 
students at Gettysburg Seminary throughout the century of its existence has 
run quite parallel with the fluctuation in the older seminaries of other 
denominations throughout Europe and America. The high water mark 


275 


HISTORY OF *GELYSBURG SEMINARY 


in all of them was reached in 1894 or a year or two later. Then came 
a period of steady decline in numbers until in all of them the low point in 
the curve of attendance was reached in 1908 or 1909. The general decline 
caused much alarm. Dr. John R. Mott wrote a volume 
The Decline on the Decline of the Number of Candidates for the 
General Ministry, setting forth more than a dozen reasons to ex- 
plain the sad fact. In course of tire the reaction set in 
and the upward movement in numbers proceeded with fair uniformity until 
the World War. This parallel in the attehdance upon seminaries through- 
out Europe and America clearly indicates that the causes of decrease and 
increase must in each case be found in general conditions. 
The general lack of men for the ministry must be traced in the last 
analysis to the materialistic atmosphere that had come to prevail in western 
civilization. It showed itself in the decline of religion 
The General in the home, in the neglect of the humanities in the 
Cause schools, and in the greater emphasis on the physical 
sciences and the technical studies in the colleges and even 
in the high schools. One result was that other professions made a stronger 
appeal to the young man than the Gospel ministry.. Direct efforts to re- 
cruit for the ministry may stimulate for the time the enrollment in the 
theological seminaries, but the situation will never be permanently and satis- 
factorily remedied until the spirit of the times has been more completely 
redeemed from bondage to commerce and industry. 
In addition to this general cause of the decline in attendance upon the- 
ological seminaries, the Gettysburg Seminary faced a special condition. The 
progress of the Lutheran Church in America and the 
A Special multiplying of her institutions had long since brought it 
Condition about that Gettysburg no. longer held solitary control of 
the field of theological education. Other theological 
schools, not a few, had sprung up in the Lutheran Church, and under the 
impulse of the general spirit of enterprise and prosperity that pervaded the 
Church in this period, these other seminaries had enlarged their capacities 
and improved their facilities. They were now providing more adequately 
for the training of the ministerial candidates from their respective synods. 
The consequence was that the Gettysburg Seminary began to draw its 
students from a more restricted territory than had formerly been the case. 
These conditions revived the suggestion of consol- 
Consolidation idating theological institutions. The decrease in the 
Suggested number of theological students and the increase in the 
number of Lutheran seminaries, together with the grow- 
ing spirit of amity and unity in the Lutheran Church, and the wide-spread 
demand for business economy, all combined to bring forward the idea of 
merging the seminaries. The idea had often been expressed by friends of 
the Seminary, and generally on the same grounds. 


276 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


As early as 1844, when the Seminary was about to attain its maturity 

and when there were only three other Lutheran seminaries in America, 
the proposal was made that they all amalgamate. The 
proposal came from a vigorous writer in the Lutheran An Old 
Observer who signed himself “A Pastor.” The argument Proposal 
was made on the basis of dollars-and-cents economy. 
The amalgamation was to be “not at Lexington (South Carolina), for that is 
too far South; not at Hartwick, for that is too far North; and not at 
Columbus, for that is too far West. Gettysburg is central, and that is the 
place.” After pointing out the superior facilities of the Seminary at Gettys- 
burg the writer showed his zeal for amalgamation by exclaiming: “I should 
be willing to die on the day it should be consummated !” 

Again in 1852 the suggestion was made by Dr. Kurtz, the editor of the 
Observer. Arguing at great length for the amalgamation of Gettysburg, 
Hartwick and Lexington he said that in view of “our 
greatly increased and cheapened locomotive facilities, The Proposal 
there is unquestionably not the same need of three or Repeated 
four schools in a given large district that there would 
have been without railroads and steamboats.’ Amalgamation, he set forth, 
would be “a great gain of strength and economy.” Yet that same editor a 
few years later was the prime mover in founding one more seminary in the 
same district. 

During the next decade the new editor of the Observer called for the 
union of Gettysburg, Hartwick and Selinsgrove as de- 
manded by “solid reflection and a practical insight into The Same 
Church wants.” But without avail. From less conspic- Suggestion 
uous sources the same cry has arisen repeatedly from time 
to time. The reasons are always the same, the lure of bigness and the 
demands of administrative economy. 

These general considerations, together with the special conditions pre- 
vailing at Gettysburg after the opening years of the twentieth century, 
brought it about that twice during the last quarter of a 


k : Concerning 
century suggestions were made to consolidate the Gettys- 
: ; nieat Susquehanna 
burg Seminary with other Lutheran seminaries. : } 
University 


The first originated in 1906 among the laymen of 
the Alleghany Synod. In the interest of business economy it urged the 
consolidation of the Theological Department of Susquehanna University 
with the Gettysburg Seminary. The Gettysburg Directors appointed a com- 
mittee to confer with a similar committee from the Susquehanna Directors. 
But the Directors of Susquehanna University flatly refused to appoint 
such a committee, on the ground that it would be “a physical and legal 
impossibility to separate the Theological Department of Susquehanna Uni- 
versity from the other departments of the institution.” The Gettysburg 
Board then appointed a committee, with the president of the Seminary as 


27h 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


chairman, to present the matter in person to the Directorate of Susque- 
hanna University. But the work of this committee elicited the same re- 
sponse, namely, that the legal difficulties in the way of consolidation are in- 
surmountable. Thus ended the negotiations. 
More recently an overture concerning consolidation 
Concerning came from the Philadelphia Seminary at Mt. Airy. It 
Mt. Airy was the outgrowth of the merging spirit that for more 
than a decade had been producing consolidation and 
larger units in almost every sphere of human interest, in business and in- 
dustry, in politics and religion. Specifically it was the outgrowth of the 
merger of Lutheran bodies in 1918 into the United Lutheran Church in 
America. It was recognized, of course, that by the specific terms of its 
constitution, the United Lutheran Church could have no authority over the- 
ological seminaries since seminaries were declared to be the concern of the 
district synods. But the cordial relations subsisting between the two insti- 
tutions mentioned, and the easy logic of the merging era, seemed to many 
to suggest that on their own initiative these two and perhaps others might 
consolidate. The Faculty of the Gettysburg Seminary had met with the 
Faculty of the Mt. Airy Seminary at Harrisburg on June 24, 1919, in a 
“fraternal conference on subjects of common interest.” The conference 
had been a most happy one. The subjects discussed had been chiefly those 
pertaining to uniform theological standards and curricula. The personal 
relationships between the members of the two Faculties were most cordial, 
and future conferences were in prospect. The overture concerning consol- 
idation came from the Directors of.the Mt. Airy institution in 1922 and 
proposed that the Gettysburg Directors appoint a committee to meet a sim- 
ilar committee from Mt. Airy to discuss the entire situation with reference 
to theological seminaries in the United Lutheran Church. This request the 
Gettysburg Board refused to grant, stating that “the present relations are 
entirely satisfactory to us” and that “any agitation at this time would be 
prejudicial to the best interests of all concerned.” With this all negotia- 
tions ceased, and the Seminary at Gettysburg approaches its centennial 
celebration with the prospect of many more years of service as a separate 
institution of the Church. 
The teaching of the Seminary during this period has 
General Synod been in accord with the position of the General Synod 
Controversies and the United Lutheran Church. The earlier part of 
the period was a time of controversy in the General 
Synod, and these controversies were reflected in the attitude of the pro- 
fessors in the Seminary. Dr. Wolf longed for Lutheran unity and main- 
tained fellowship with some of the men of the General Council. Belonging 
to the party known as the conservative wing in the General Synod, he was 
disposed to emphasize the common heritage of Lutherans rather than the 
points of division among Lutheran bodies. His colleagues did not agree 


278 


BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 


with him in this. Dr. Valentine and especially Dr. Richard stoutly resisted 
the tendency within the General Synod that made for Lutheran unity. Dr. 
Wolf was the only member of the Gettysburg Faculty to participate in 
the First General Conference of Lutherans held in Philadelphia during the 
closing days of December, 1898. At that Conference he read an essay on 
“Our Common Historical Heritage.” 

The spirit of this paper was so concessive to Lutherans outside the Gen- 
eral Synod that Dr. Richard in a number of published articles accused Dr. 
Wolf of conspiring with other “new men of the General 
Synod” to build a bridge over which the General Synod On Lutheran 
might -be led into the General Council. This he Unity 
declared would be suicidal to the Gettysburg Sem- 
inary because if there were no theological difference between the two bodies 
there would be no ground for the two Seminaries. The discussion between 
the two colleagues extended over many pages of the Observer. 

Another of the current controversies that found an echo within the Fac- 
ulty at Gettysburg was the one concerning the faith and salvation of in- 
fants, which arose over the General Synod’s formula for 
infant baptism. Dr. Wolf sponsored the effort to have On Infant 
the questions addressed directly to the infant and in sev- Faith 
eral publications he advocated the idea of infant faith. 

Dr. Valentine used the pages of the Lutheran Observer and the Lutheran 
Quarterly to argue against these proposals, and they were not adopted by 
the General Synod. 

The protracted and heated discussion over the Common Service also 

was heard on the Seminary campus. It was Dr. Richard who made the 
charge that the General Synod’s Committee on Common 
Service had made unwarranted changes in the approved On the Com- 
text of the service, and that, too, by way of conces- mon Service 
sion to the General Council’s liturgical use. Dr. 
Wolf was a member of the Committee and favored the entire Common 
Service as finally published by the Joint Committee. This difference of 
opinion was reflected also among the students. Early in 1889, before Dr. 
Richard had joined the Faculty, the students were advised by the Faculty 
“to purchase copies of the small edition of the Common Service with 
selected hymns attached.” Then came the controversy in the Church and 
the division of sentiment at Gettysburg. When the students in 1894 peti- 
tioned the Faculty for permission to use selected portions of the Matin Ser- 
vice occasionally at their morning worship, the Faculty, in spite of Dr. 
Wolf’s protest, declined to grant the petition on the ground that it would 
embarrass the Seminary in its appeal for funds. 

The agitation continued and the matter was carried to a higher court. 
In 1897 the Board of Directors received a formal petition signed by twenty- 
four students asking that they be permitted to use the “Early Service 


279 


HISTORY: OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


or Matins” in their morning worship at the option of the leader. At the 
same time a counter-petition, signed by seventeen students, asked that the 
former petition be not granted. A committee of the 
The. Liturgical Directors was appointed to confer with the Faculty on 
Question | the matter. The next year the Directors asked that 
because of the limitation of time at morning prayers 
the old method of worship be retained for the present, but that in order 
that the students might have opportunity to acquaint themselves with both 
the Washington and the Common Service the members of the Faculty 
should use them alternately at the Sunday morning conferences. It was 
specifically stated that this action was “purely recommendatory and in no 
sense mandatory,” but this recommendation of the Directors determined 
the liturgical practice of the Seminary for nearly twenty years or until the 
appearance of the Common Service Book and Hymnal. 
As the personnel of the Faculty gradually changed, 
Peace on as the fires of controversy in the General Synod burned 
U. L. C. Basis out, and as the lines of development in Lutheran Church 
history led towards the formation of a United Lutheran 
Church in America, the peace of the Church settled down upon the Sem- 
inary, its students and its Faculty. Several of its professors, particularly 
Dr. Singmaster and Dr. Clutz, were most prominent among those who de- 
vised the Common Service Book and Hymnal, the Constitution of the United 
Lutheran Church, and the other ways and means for consummating the 
merger of the three general bodies of Lutherans of Muhlenberg descent. 
And now in the proposed revision of the constitution of the Seminary that 
instrument is made to express what has long been a fact: the teaching of 
the Seminary “shall be in harmony with the Doctrinal Basis of the United 
Lutheran Church in America.” From this proposal there will be no dissent. 
One hundred years ago, September 5, 1826, when Dr. S. S. Schmucker was 
inaugurated as professor in the Seminary, he closed his inaugural address by 
expressing a hope and uttering a prayer. That hope and that prayer we re- 
produce here that»the reader may judge whether they have been realized: 
“Here we hope to see instructed perhaps a Paul and 
A Hope Barnabas to publish to the heathen the unsearchable 
Expressed riches of Christ, and many a James and Cephas and 
‘John, to feed the flocks at home; men who carry their 
zeal for the cause of the Redeemer to the highest and holiest ardour of de- 
votion, who regard no service too difficult, no obstacles insuperable, no 
sacrifice too great; men who yield to the world her riches, her pleasures, 
her applause, and take a higher aim; who-seek for riches—but such whose 
tenure is not endangered by- moth or rust, or thieves; who seek for pleas- 
ures—but such as flow from the throne of the Lamb; and who feel an 
ambition too—but for the glory of doing good, for a crown in heaven, for 
the everlasting favour of the everlasting God. 
“To God, therefore, and to the guidance of His gracious Spirit, be 


280 


BIG BUSINESS AND) STEADY PROSPERITY 


our infant school of the prophets ever dedicated! Together with its di- 
rectors, its teachers and its pupils; that it may prove a lasting blessing to 
the Church, and that thousands hereafter may rise up and call its founder 
and benefactors blessed!” 
Whether the Seminary has accomplished the high purpose to which it 
was thus dedicated at its inception may best be judged by 
a perusal of the ALUMNr REcorpD embodied in this volume. A Hope 
As this book goes to press extensive preparations are Realized 
being made for a worthy celebration of the hundredth an- 
niversary. The Executive Committee of the Directors and the members of the 
Faculty constitute the committee to lay plans and make arrangements. The 
celebration is to consist of three main features, a volume 
of history, a jubilee fund, and anniversary exercises. The The Centennial 
volume of History is here placed before the reader. Pro- Celebration 
jected by the Faculty and sponsored by the Board of Di- 
rectors it is expected to come from the press several months before the actual 
centennial date, so that it may constitute an integral part of the celebration. 
The jubilee fund, it is hoped, will reach at least $200,000. This amount 
is greatly needed in order to endow the new Department of Religious Edu- 
cation, to increase the endowment of existing professorships so as to pay 
living salaries, to establish at least one fellowship to provide for post- 
graduate study, to secure annual lectures from distinguished specialists, 
and to build a sixth professor’s house. Much of the centennial fund has 
been underwritten by some of the synods represented in the Board of 
Directors. The West Pennsylvania and East Pennsylvania Synods pro- 
pose to raise $50,000 each. The Alleghany Synod has set itself a goal of 
$25,000. The Maryland Synod hopes to make up the small balance of its 
fund of $50,000. It is expected, therefore, that a large proportion of the 
total sum will be in hand by the first of September. A special number of 
the Semimary Bulletin has been issued to stimulate the raising of the fund. 
The anniversary exercises will take place, according to present plans, dur- 
ing the third week of September. There will be three days of celebration with 
addresses by men nationally prominent in Church and State (see page 300). 





Cigk saan DGB 
ASTERISKS yAND OBELISKS 


If the plan of this book had included footnotes, many interesting but 
isolated events, many extraordinary occurrences, many illuminating side- 
lights might have been introduced to enliven the reading. Then, too, com- 
plete bibliographical and other source references could have been included. 
These, however, were not regarded as essential to the main record, and had 
to be omitted. Only a few of these incidentals are gathered here in dis- 
connected paragraphs, together with lists of regular annual lectures and 
alumni speakers. 


When the Seminary was projected and appeals were made for funds 
and books, there was much uncertainty in the minds of some people whether 
the project would ever actually be realized. A mute witness to this uncer- 
tainty is found in a handsome copy of the Hallesche Nachrichten in the 
Seminary Library that bears on its title-page this legend: “Presented to 
the German Lutheran Theological Seminary of Pennsylvania,—on Condi- 
tion—that if that Institution shall not come to Maturity—or cease alto- 
gether, this Volume to be returned to the Donor—Jacob Schmidt. Phila- 
delphia, April 4th, 1826.” 


As Dr. Hazelius was about to leave Gettysburg in 1833 for the South, 
the students raised funds for the painting of his portrait. He went to 
Baltimore to sit for the artist. The sittings greatly wearied him and it 
was difficult for him to keep awake. Dr. Morris accompanied him to the 
artist, and he wrote concerning the incident: “After half an hour’s con- 
stant sitting the old gentleman would nod. I would rouse him by some 
piquant story or interesting question in Church history. Occasionally I 
would get up some difficulty in Hebrew grammar or exegesis which would 
rouse him for a moment, but he would soon collapse. Then I would eulogize 
some man whom I knew he did not like, or pretend to be a Democrat. And 
when all else failed, I brought up the Manicheans. But, before the hour 
was out, he was asleep again. A man asleep is not the man to be painted, 
and we would adjourn for the day, with leave to sit again.’ The picture 
was finished and hangs today in the Seminary social room. Concerning it 
Dr. Morris says: “It is a very imperfect counterfeit of the noble original. 
The best likeness of him is that in mezzotint by Sartain [from which the 
cut in this volume is made]. But that represents him without spectacles. 
When a man wears spectacles all his life and is never seen without them, 
they are a part of his likeness and no true artist will leave them off.” 


282 


ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 


In the fall of 1846 the Seminary was nearly bereft of its head Profes- 
sor. Dr. Schmucker was returning from his trip to Europe. He sailed 
on the Great Western from Liverpool, September 12. On the 19th a ter- 
rific storm arose at sea. The storm raged for thirty-six hours and de- 
veloped into a veritable tornado. The huge ship was powerless against the 
elements. She was greatly damaged and for hours in succession the pas- 
sengers felt certain that they would never survive the terrible fury of the 
storm. When at last the wind and waves subsided and the vessel was able 
slowly to proceed towards her destination, Dr. Schmucker united with sev- 
eral other clergymen on board in conducting services of thanksgiving to 
God for their wonderful delivery from the angry sea, and they started 
the “Great Western Fund” for the support of the widows and children of 
those who perish at sea. 


A great multitude of witnesses testify to the efforts that were made, 
particularly in Dr. Schmucker’s time, to cultivate the spiritual life of the 
students and to produce pious and godly ministers. We quote only three of 
these witnesses. A friend of the Seminary, writing for the Lutheran In- 
tellugencer, while the Seminary was still in its early infancy, says: “It is 
due to the Professor to state that, though intensely engaged to instruct the 
students in the various branches of science, all his energies are brought 
into requisition to promote among them godliness and holiness; and thus 
far Jehovah has granted his blessing in a high degree.” In the first report 
which the Directors of the Seminary submitted to the General Synod it is 
stated that they “have the most satisfactory evidence that ardent piety and 
enlightened zeal for the Redeemer’s Kingdom are habitually and success- 
fully inculcated.” Similar sentiments occur in almost every report to the 
General Synod. A writer in the Evangelical Magazine of 1828 says: “The 
students exert a moral influence in that neighborhood such as was never 
felt before. Whilst preparing for the ministry they feel that all their 
powers should be directed to the promotion of righteousness around them; 
and accordingly they are actively engaged in conducting prayer-meetings 
and using all other means to build up the Church of God. With a zeal 
and promptitude that reflects much credit upon them, they co-operated with 
the Pennsylvania Bible Society in its laudable enterprise of supplying every 
destitute family of the State with a copy of the Sacred Scriptures. They 
abandoned their studies for a week and during that time they supplied all 
Adams County, with the exception of one or two townships.” 


When the theological seminary of the Joint Synod was opened at 
Canton, Ohio, in 1830, it received the felicitations of the Seminary at 
Gettysburg. The next year the Gettysburg Directors sent fifty volumes 
of duplicates from their library for the library of the newer ‘institution 
“as a testimonial of our friendly feelings towards that institution.” To this 


283 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


donation Dr. Hazelius added twenty volumes from his own library. Ohio 
replied in terms of profound gratitude “to our brethren in the East for 
their unsolicited kindness and such irrefragible proofs of their sincere in- 
terest in the establishment of a Seminary in the West.’ But in the course 
of the years, as the constituency of the Joint Synod changed, these very 
cordial relationships were modified somewhat. The Gettysburg Seminary 
did not cultivate the German language intensively enough to suit the men 
of Ohio. For example, Pastor Schweizerbarth of Zelienople, though some- 
what eccentric, reflects an attitude towards Gettysburg that was becoming 
quite wide-spread in the Joint Synod. In the minutes of the Eastern Dis- 
trict of 1838 we read: “Bishop Schweizerbarth informed Synod that he had 
not delivered the sum of $50.00 which according to the 22nd resolution of 





A STUDENT Room. 


the New Lisbon Synod (1835) had been appropriated to assist the students 
Gottlieb Bassler and Conrad Shutt.” The reason given by the self-styled 
bishop for withholding the donation from Bassler was that “he would rather 
go to the Irish Seminary at Gettysburg than to the German Hoch Schule 
at Columbus.” And the Synod approved the withholding of the money. 


In 1845 the Methodist Protestants made overtures to the authorities at 
Gettysburg with reference to the establishment of a professorship at the 
Seminary. The Maryland Conference of their Church appointed a com- 
mittee to communicate with the Gettysburg Directors and to inquire what 
privileges the students of their Church might receive at Gettysburg. The 
communication was politely received, and it was resolved: “That we heart- 
ily reciprocate the kind feelings of our brethren of he Protestant Meth- 
odist Church, and that the Faculty of the Seminary be a committee to at: 


284 


ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 


tend to any communication which may yet be received from them.” The 
matter was agitated by some of the Methodist Protestants in the public 
prints, and glowing accounts were given concerning the Seminary at 
Gettysburg. But Dr. Schmucker pointed out that “the constitution of the 
Seminary confers no power to form a coalition with any other sect on the 
Board, or any other officers, but on the contrary contains requisitions which 
absolutely render it impracticable.” No further communications were re- 
ceived by the Directors. 


Pastor John N. Hoffman, of Reading, who attacked Dr. Schmucker 
in 1856 with his crude booklet entitled “The Broken Platform,” had been 





THE CHAPEL IN 1890. 


one of the Seminary Directors for several years in the early forties. But 
he made a loan of several hundred dollars from the Seminary Treasury 
and the Seminary had great difficulty in securing the return of even the 
principal of the loan. Three times the Directors threatened to bring suit 
against Pastor Hoffman. Shortly after that he left the bounds of the 
Seminary constituency. His subsequent vigor in attacking the head of the 
Gettysburg Seminary during the controversy over the Definite Platform 
may perhaps be accounted for, in part at least, by his former relations 
with the institution. 


Among the many treasures in the library of the Lutheran Historical 
Society is a copy of the translation that Campanius made of Luther’s 


285 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Catechism from Swedish into the language of the Indians (see page 15). 
This translation was made before 1648 and before John Eliot, “the Apostle 
of the Indians,’ began his labors in New England. It was not published, 
however, until 1696, when five hundred copies were printed in Sweden by 
order of the King. Only a very few of these books are in existence. 
The one in the possession of the Seminary is a duodecimo volume of 174 
pages bound in. stout calfskin and bearing the royal arms of Sweden on 
the title page and on the covers. In the Swedish preface of sixteen pages 
is set forth among other things the proof that America was discovered by 
Scandinavians in the tenth century. In the Catechism proper each question 
is first given in the language of the Delaware Indians and then in Swedish. 
The printing is very handsome for that day. 


On the suggestion of Mr. Lewis L. Houpt of Philadelphia, the Direc- 
tors resolved in 1861: “That the benches in the Missionary Chapel be so 
altered as to make them decently comfortable for occupation.” The Board 
further indicated its fastidious tastes and sense of dignity by requesting the 
chairman of the Faculty to “see to it that the students present themselves 
hereafter in proper attire at public examinations.” 

When the Seminary was approaching its semi-centennial there was 
some uncertainty as to the exact year that ought to be taken for the cele- 
bration. The Alumni Association had planned its part in the exercises for 
the year 1875. The Directors had their doubts. They appointed a com- 
mittee to “inquire of Dr. S. S. Schmucker what year he considers the date 
of the opening of the Seminary.” When this committee reported it was 
agreed that the year 1876 should be regarded as the fiftieth anniversary 
of the opening of the institution. 


In the early years of the Seminary’s history the institution was ex- 
pected to exercise parental control and responsibility with reference to its 
students. The school was im loco parentis. Many of the rules devised by 
the Faculty and the Directors to regulate the lives of the men under their 
care proved very irksome to the students. Repeatedly they voiced their 
protests. There was, for example, the rule concerning their being in their 
rooms in the evening. At first 7:30 P. M. was the hour after which all 
students were required to be in their rooms and ready for faculty inspec- 
tion. In 1834 the rule was relaxed somewhat and the hour was set at 
8:00 P. M. for the winter and 9:00 P. M. for the summer. But this did 
not long satisfy all the students and in 1840 they submitted to the Directors 
a vigorous petition on the subject. The very vigor of the petition defeated 
its purpose and the Directors merely recorded their “regret at the indis- 
creet language in the matter of the students’ petition f the Board.” How- 


286 


ASTERISKS AND? OBELISKS 


ever, it) course of the years, as educational ideals and methods changed, 
the rule was abandoned entirely. 

The time for beginning the day’s work was also carefully regulated in 
the earlier periods. At first the students were required to attend Chapel 
services at 5:00 A. M., but concession on this matter was made already in 
1834 when the hour for morning Chapel was set at 6:00 A. M. in the sum- 
mer and 6:30 A. M. in the winter. Thereafter the hour for morning devo- 
tions was advanced every few decades until in 1918 it reached the meridian. 

The authorities of the Seminary in its youth also exercised particular 
care for the cleanliness of its students, and it was frequently the subject of 
legislation on the part of Faculty and Directors. Thus in 1834 it is re- 





THE CHAPEL IN 1895. 


quired by the Faculty that the sheets and pillow cases of every bed in the 
Seminary shall be washed “every fortnight.” In 1842 the Directors them- 
selves set up the very same regulation and in addition decreed that the 
students must clean their stove-pipes on the last Saturday of each month 
and that the steward must white-wash every room twice a year. Six years 
later the rule as to bed-clothes was “repealed with the understanding that 
the sheets and pillow cases be washed once a week.” In this strain the 
regulations appeared and disappeared from time to time. After the epi- 
demic among the students in 1846-1847 very detailed and explicit rules of 
personal hygiene were drawn up by Dr. David Gilbert of Gettysburg, and 
prescribed for the students by the Directors. Even as late as 1896 a 
polite suggestion was made by the Faculty when it decided that the bath 
room should be opened twice a week, on Tuesday evenings and Friday 
evenings. 


287 


HISTORY OFSGERTYSBURG; SEMINARS 


The physical well-being of the students was often an object of concern 
to the Seminary authorities. Even apart from the epidemic of 1846-1847 
there were many periods when the general health of the students was not 
good. Repeatedly the students were urged by the Faculty or Directors to 
take proper exercise. As early as 1829 “The Mechanical Society” was 
organized. It was patterned after similar societies in other theological 
seminaries. The avowed purpose of the organization was “to spend two 
or three hours of every day in mechanical labour, which, while it will in- 
vigorate the body by healthful exercise, will also contribute materially to 
the support of such who are now dependent on the Christian liberality of 
others.” This worthy organization, however, soon began to languish because 
of a lack of funds to purchase the necessary apparatus and tools. The 
students were obliged to find other means of physical exercise. The 
method approved by Dr. Schmucker as comporting best with the dignity of 
Seminary students was walking. 

The playing of noisy games was long disapproved. As late as 1862 
Dr. Schmucker reported that “the class which last entered have shown 
more disposition to take their daily exercise in playing ball than their 
predecessors. To this no strong objection could be made if it had not been 
connected with an unnecessary and unusual amount of noise, which has in 
some degree changed the usual quietness and solemnity within and around 
the Seminary itself. The subscriber requests the opinion of the Board, as 
to whether playing ball, or similar games, should be allowed at the Sem- 
inary, or whether it is not more becoming the gravity and decorum of 
theological students to take their daily exercise in walks, as is generally 
done in other theological seminaries.”’ The Directors contented themselves 
with a resolution that “this Board encourage the students of the Seminary 
in such athletic exercises as will be beneficial to health, but that they be 
conducted decently and in order.” This action did not permanently settle 
the matter and repeatedly the Faculty was obliged to enact legislation to 
curb noisy forms of recreation, particularly during study hours. When 
inter-collegiate athletic contests were introduced at the College, Seminary 
students occasionally participated in them until by Faculty action the 
practice was stopped. On one occasion the president of the College appeared 
before the Faculty and secured permission for three Seminary students to 
participate in an important football game in which the College was a 
contestant. 


Many times in the history of the Seminary the students helped to in- 
crease the funds and improve the property. Repeatedly they accepted 
agencies and canvassed rural districts on behalf of the institution. Over 
and over again they were tendered the thanks of the Faculty and the Direc- 
tors for their work in securing funds, planting trees, making walks, clos- 
ing stair-cases, securing a stove for Missionary Hall, and making other 


288 


ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 


improvements. In 1847 they were granted five dollars from the Seminary 
treasury for the purchase of tools to be used in making improvements on 
the premises. 


One of the saddest events in the history of the Seminary took place 
on Wednesday, May 8, 1878, when William C. Koller and Alter Y. Shindel, 
members of the junior class, were drowned. The tragedy took place at 
a dam on Willoughby’s Run known as Springs Park Lake. The Lake was 
furnished with several rowboats which the College and Seminary students 
frequently used for recreation. On the fatal evening four Seminary stu- 
dents and two from the College were having a pleasant time playing with 
one another in the boats. Several times the boats were overturned in shal- 
low water. Finally they were overturned in water too deep for wading, 
and in Mr. Shindel’s effort to rescue Mr. Koller, both were drowned. The 
victims of the tragedy were povcular students and gave promise of great 
usefulness in the ministry, and their death threw a deep gloom over Fac- 
ulty and student body and the entire community. Mr. Shindel was twenty 
years of age and the only son of Rev. M. L. Shindel, of Danville, Penn- 
sylvania. Mr. Koller was twenty-five years old and the younger brother 
of Rev. J. C. Koller, D.D., of Hanover, Pennsylvania. Students escorted 
the bodies to their burial places in their respective homes, and Dr. Brown 
conducted funeral services in the College church the following Sunday 
morning. 


Temperance was a frequent subject of discussion among the Seminary 
students. As to legislative prohibition there have always been two points 
of view. From the very beginning there has been a strong anti-alcohol 
sentiment about the institution. The Seminary annals do not record any 
prohibitory enactments by the authorities to govern the tastes of the 
students, but they do record an occasional case of discipline along this line. 

On the other hand, with reference to the use of tobacco there have 
been prohibitory enactments, but no cases of discipline. In 1868 the 
Faculty made strong representations to the Directors about this “inex- 
cusable evil among theological students, the use of tobacco, soiling the floors 
and rooms, as well as injuring the health and wasting the funds of the 
students,” and suggesting that “some action be taken to discountenance and 
forbid the use within the building. However some may regard it, we can- 
not but view it as a serious reproach to candidates for the ministry and 
worthy of serious attention.” But the Directors were not to be stampeded 
on that matter. They merely set forth that “the use of tobacco in the 
Seminary building meets with the decided disapprobation of the Board.” 
Two years later the Faculty returned to the task. They announced to the 
Directors that they “regret to report the disregard of the students to the 
action of the Board touching the use of tobacco in the building, and re- 


289 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


spectfully suggest more decisive measures to abate such a nuisance among 
those preparing for the holy ministry. The evil is one for which no apology 
can be offered.” The Directors complied in part and instructed the Fac- 
ulty to “inform the students at the beginning of the next session that there- 
after no smoking will be allowed within the walls of the Seminary.” This 
is the decree that stands on the books to this day. 


In 1879 when certain parties in Gettysburg organized an association 
for charades, dances, and theatrical performances, with the special pur- 
pose of appealing to students, the Seminary at once cautioned its students 
that if they accepted the invitations to join this association they would 
render themselves liable to expulsion from the Seminary. 


For a long time there was considerable antipathy among the Seminary 
authorities to secret societies of all sorts. After the Greek-letter fra- 
ternities had begun to flourish at the College and some of their members 
had come to the Seminary, the actions of the Faculty clearly showed their 
antipathy. Thus in 1885, when one of the students asked for permission 
to make a trip to Boston, his petition was granted, but only on the express 
condition that he sign a paper stating that he was not going on fraternity 
business. The next year, when a student asked for leave of absence at a 
time coinciding with a secret-society convention, he was informed that ‘‘the 
Faculty never gives leave of absence to any one to attend a fraternity 
convention.” This attitude, however, was afterwards abandoned, and today 
a majority of the students and teachers at the Seminary are alumni mem- 
bers of College fraternities. 


The subject of matrimony was often a matter of legislation by the 
Seminary authorities, both the Faculty and the Directors. Synods, too, 
have sought to discourage Seminary students from marrying before they 
have completed their theological courses. Nevertheless, there probably 
has never been a single year that the Seminary did not have a married man 
on its roll. There have seldom been long intervals without marriages among 
students in course, and at times the propensity to marry before graduation 
has amounted almost to an epidemic. 


Long before the loud speaker of the radio had made its appearance in 
the Seminary buildings, long before the victrola had been invented to com- 
fort the lonely student in his room, long before a pipe organ had been 
installed in the Chapel or a piano in the social room, before even the Sem- 
inary had come into the possession of a reed organ, the music problem was 
a source of disturbance among the various elements in the Seminary circle. 
At one time it was the subject of repeated protests on the part of some of 
the students against others of their number who were distracting the minds 


290 


ASTERISKS: AND OBELISKS 


of the studious by their harmonious or inharmonious efforts on stringed 
instruments. Again it is the subject of admonitions from the head profes- 
sor to the student body. And finally it becomes the subject of legislation 
on the part of the Directors themselves and it is decreed that musical 
efforts are not in themselves absolutely wrong, but that they must be 
limited to certain hours when the majority of the students are not busy 
at their books. 

On at least one occasion it was made the subject of a communication 
from Dr. Schmucker to the Directors. It was in 1861. Dr. Schmucker 
was still deeply concerned for the spiritual welfare of those attending the 
institution and always ready to recommend “such habits of personal de- 
portment as become the dignity of the ministerial students.” “Sometimes,” 
he wrote, “I have thought the solemnity of the house and the devotional 
frame of the students were not benefited by too much instrumental music, 
especially such as is not sacred music, such as is not performed in connex- 
ion with religious words. I submit to the Board the question whether they 
ought not to recommend to the students the playing of such tunes only as 
are usually connected with religious words, usually termed sacred music.” 
But the Directors did not act on the Professor’s suggestion. 


In 1849 the Directors decreed “that hereafter no other than sacred 
music be used at the public exercises of the Seminary and the professor be 
requested to make the necessary arraingements.” 


The Seminary has never been afflicted with any established prizes 
for which the students might contend. In 1876 Dr. F. W. Conrad offered 
to contribute five hundred dollars to “found a prize of thirty dollars a 
year, to ke paid annually in books to such graduating student as shall be 
adjudged by the Faculty to have attained the highest proficiency in homi- 
letics and elocution.” The students, however, refused to contend for the 
prize and even petitioned the Faculty to secure the withdrawal of the 
offer, “with a view of preserving good Christian feeling among ourselves.” 
The request was granted and the prize was never established. 

The Funk & Wagnalls Company of New York in 1909 presented Henry 
W. Snyder with a set of their new Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Re- 
ligious Knowledge for the best thesis written by a senior of that year. 

Again, in 1917, when the New York and New England Synod offered 
a prize of twenty-five dollars for the best essay submitted by any Lutheran 
seminarian.in America on the subject, “What Shall Be the Distinctive Con- 
tribution of the Religious Life of America?” the award was received by 
Mr. W. R. Hashinger of the Middle Class. 


There never was a time when the students were entirely satisfied with 
the length of vacations. The records abound in petitions for shortening 


291 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


the sessions or lengthening the intervals between them. The arguments 
were various and often specious. The petitions rarely availed. 


Beginning in 1860 the seniors were required to prepare special theses 
for graduation. For this purpose they were allowed a five weeks’ vaca- 
tion before the close of the session. The special vacation was abandoned 
in 1874, but the graduation theses continued until 1917. When the degree 
of B. D. was offered in course in 1894, all candidates for the degree were 
required to present a thesis each year on some approved subject. Since 
1917 an annual thesis is required of every student, whether candidate for 
the degree or not. 


Public graduation exercises date from 1872. At first they consisted of 
the presentation of diplomas and an infozmal address in connection with 
the alumni address. Then a separate evening’ was set aside for graduation, 
and the members of the Senior Class, or several of them chosen by the 
Faculty, delivered addresses. Since 1912 the Baccalaureate Sermon has 
taken the place of the addresses by the students. From 1891 to 1911 the 
Baccalaureate Sermon was always preached by the head of the Seminary 
and on the Sunday preceding Commencement Day. Since that date the 


Sermon has been preached by the professors in rotation or by substitutes 
from outside the Seminary. 


The public oral examination of the graduating class in the presence of 
a committee of the Board of Directors began with the very inception of the 
Seminary and continued until 1897. Thereafter until 1906 the Directors 
contented themselves with a perusal of the examination papers of the class. 
Since 1906 the Board has not appointed an Examining Committee, but it is 
specifically stated that “the right of examining these papers is extended to 
every member of the Board, lay or clerical, such papers being in readiness 
for the purposes several days before the regular annual meeting.” In this 
way any synod represented on the Board of Directors may satisfy itself 


as to the kind of work that is being done in the class-rooms of the 
institution. 


The Seminary has twice enrolled women among its students, both 
times within very recent years. In September, 1921, Miss Stella B. Shu- 
maker, of Gettysburg, a graduate of Gettysburg College in 1921, matric- 
ulated and started to pursue the regular course, but at the end of her junior 
year she withdrew and became the wife of Rev. Ralph L. Wagner, a 
graduate of 1922. Again in September, 1925, Mrs. Harry Heilman of 


Lebanon, Pennsylvania, matriculated with her husband and began a special 
course of theological study. 


292 


ASTERISKS AND *Q@BETLISKS 


The Seminary has had only one colored student. This was Daniel A. 
Payne, who came from Charleston, South Carolina, and entered the Sem- 
inary in 1835. After spending two years at Gettysburg he was licensed 
and ordained by the Franckean Synod. Fourteen years he spent in Luth- 
eran pastorates. Then he was made a bishop of the African Methodist 
Episcopal Church. He became a distinguished man, an author, editor and 
educator, a doctor of divinity and a doctor of laws, and lived until 1893. 
Of his record the Seminary may well be proud. 


During the summer of 1915 the Board of Foreign Missions used the 
Seminary buildings to conduct a school in Telegu. The school began on 
May 24 and continued for three months. A native Hindu, Mr. Bushong, 
was in charge and nine prospective missionaries to India were in attendance. 


The Seminary has never had an official theological journal. 

In 1829 Dr. J. G. Schmucker, president of the Seminary Board, was 
chairman of the committee of the West Pennsylvania Synod under whose 
auspices Das Evangelische Magazin began to be published. This paper, 
which was a monthly, was published at Gettysburg, and Rev. John Herbst 
of that place, who was also secretary of the Seminary Board, was for one 
year the editor of the magazine. The next three years the paper an- 
nounced as its editors “The Professors of the Theological Seminary at 
Gettysburg,” but the Seminary itself had no official relation to the magazine, 
and in 1833, when Dr. Hazelius left Gettysburg, it was discontinued. 

Dr. Schmucker was closely identified with the founding of the Luth- 
eran Observer. Some of the proceeds of this paper, as we have seen, 
were used to help the Seminary in its early history. The editors of the 
Observer throughout its long history always advocated the cause of the 
Seminary, but the Seminary was never officially connected with this paper 
or any other. 

As early as 1844 the Alumni Association considered the question of 
establishing a theological quarterly under its official auspices. But five 
years later, when the Evangelical Review came into being, it was a private 
enterprise of individual alumni and not the official project of the Associa- 
tion. The professors as individuals have always been prominently identi- 
fied with the Review and its successor, the Lutheran Quarterly. From the 
personal record of the members of the Seminary teaching staff, as given 
in Chapter XV, it is abundantly evident that the Seminary has made the 
primary contribution to its editorial staff and its list of writers. It. has 
been the repository of the Holman Lecture and other official lectures and 
addresses of the Seminary, but it has always been privately owned and has 
never been the official theological journal of the Seminary. 

293 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


The Seminary is officially connected with Christ Lutheran Church, 
better known as “the College Church.” When the institution began its 
existence in the Academy building on High Street at the corner of Wash- 
ington all the Lutherans of Gettysburg and vicinity were worshiping in 
the Union (Lutheran and Reformed) Church two squares farther east, at 
the corner of High and Stratton Streets. This building had been erected 
in 1812 and was used on alternate Sundays by the two denominations. The 
services also alternated between English and German language. Accord- 
ingly there was only one Lutheran service in English each month. Dur- 
ing the first ten years of the Seminary’s life the pastors were successively 
John Herbst, Charles Weyl, and Frederick Ruthrauff. In 1836 Rev. Ben- 
jamin Keller became pastor, and that same year an English Lutheran con- 
gregation was organized and built a church on Chambersburg Street not far 
from Center Square. Mr. Keller was installed as pastor of the younge> 
congregation, but without relinquishing his relation with the older one. In 
1838 the new church was incorporated with a charter specifying that “the 
church shall forever, on every alternate Sabbath, in the forenoon, be at 
the service of the Professors of the Lutheran Theological Seminary located 
at Gettysburg . . . the church shall likewise be at the service of the 
Faculty and Students of Pennsylvania College, if desired by them, on such 
other days in the week or the evenings of such other days, as may be ap- 
pointed for public commencements, anniversary celebrations, and other 
public exercises of societies connected with the said Institutions, and con- 
ducted under the responsibility of the respective Faculties of said Insti- 
tutions—provided always that no disorder or other conduct inconsistent 
with Christian propriety be permitted.” Mr. Keller resigned as pastor of 
the College Church in 1839, but for twelve years more he continued to be 
pastor of the older congregation, which had now taken the name St. 
James. With Mr. Keller’s resignation came a strong secession of members 
from Christ Church, leaving a small group and a heavy debt. Unable to 
procure the services of a full-time pastor, the congregation asked the pro- 
fessors of the Seminary and College to supply the pulpit. The services 
were rotated among the professors, but one of them was always designated 
as the responsible pastor of the little flock. Dr. Schmidt served as pastor 
in 1840; Dr. Baugher, 1841-1852; Dr. Schmucker, 1853-1855; Dr. Krauth, 
1855-1861; Dr. Baugher again, 1862-1866; and Dr. Hay, 1866-1893. Since 
1893 the congregation has been enjoying the full-time services of a pastor, 
the Seminary as an institution contributing towards his support. The in- 
cumbents have been: Rev. Luther S. Black, D.D., 1893-1896; Rev. H. C. 
Alleman, D.D., 1896-1900; Rev. M. Coover, D.D., 1901-1904; Rev. Henry 
Anstadt, D.D., 1906-1911; Rev. A. E. Wagner, D.D., 1913 to the present. 

The heavy debt that for many years after 1836 encumbered the property 
of Christ Church was several times the subject of negotiations between the 
Seminary authorities and those of the congregation. First the congrega- 


294 


ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 


tion asked the Seminary Directors to liquidate the debt with Seminary 
funds. This, it was felt, could not be dene. Then the Seminary asked the 
synods to assume a part of the debt in return for certain property rights to 
be vested in the Seminary. From this effort only $1,200 was realized. Later 
the Seminary treasurer made a loan to the congregation, and it was with 
much difficulty that payment of the loan was secured. 


The public Commencement exercises of the Seminary have always been 
held in Christ Church. From 1891 to 1912 the Baccalaureate sermon was 
preached here on the Sunday morning preceding Commencement Day. 
Since 1912 it has been preached in connection with the graduation exer- 
cises themselves. 


ALUMNIOSPEAKERS 


The Alumni Association was organized April 16, 1844. Its first presi- 
dent was Dr. J. G- Morris and its first secretary Dr.-C. Av :Hay.- -The 
Association has contributed extensively to the life of the institution par- 
ticularly in helping to meet its financial needs. At each annual meeting of 
the Association, with only a few exceptions, there has been a formal ad- 
dress by one of the alumni chosen by the body at the preceding meeting. 
The list of speakers for the century is as follows: 


1844, April. Rev. Ezra Keller, D.D., “A Thorough Theological Education.” 

1844, September... Rev. Prof. H. L. Baugher, D.D., “The Necessity of a 
Thorough Preparation for the Ministry.” 

1845. Rev. C. W. Schaeffer, D.D., ‘‘The Dignity of the Ministerial Office.” 

1846. Rev. S. Sprecher, D.D., “The Manner in Which the Christian Min- 
istry is to Discharge the Duties of Its High Commission.” 

1847. Rev. F. W. Conrad, D.D., “Improvement in Preaching.” 

1848. Rev. C. Porterfield Krauth, D.D., “Training for the Pulpit and Pul- 
pit Eloquence as Illustrated in Chrysostom.” 

1849. Rev. C. A. Hay, D.D., “The Causes and Remedy of the Diversities 
of Biblical Interpretation.” 

1850. Rev. J. G. Morris, D.D., “A History of the Theological Seminary at 
Gettysburg.” 

1851. Rev. F. R. Anspach, D.D., (Speaker Absent). 

1852. Rev. Reuben Weiser, D.D., “The Paramount Importance of Personal 
Piety in the Ministry, as Illustrated in the History of the Evan- 
gelical Lutheran Church.” 

1853. Rev. B. Sadtler, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 

1854. Rev. Jonathan Oswald, D.D., “The Heroes of the Lutheran Church 
in the Seventeenth Century.” 

1855. Rev. F. R. Anspach, D.D., “The Altar and the Throne—the Recip- 
rocal Influence of the One on the Other.” 

1856. Rev. C. W. Schaeffer, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 


295 


1857. 


1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 


1868. 
1869. 


1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 


1878. 


1879. 
1880. 
1881. 


1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 


1886. 


1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1800, 


HISTORY. OFRGETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Rev. J. McCron, D.D., “The Human Elements Necessary to Suc- 
cess in the Gospel Ministry.” 

Rev. A. Essick, (Speaker Absent). 

Rev. A. C. Wedekind, D.D., “The Modern Pulpit.” 

Rev. L. E. Albert, D.D., “Ignatius Loyola.” 

Rev. R. A. Fink, D.D., “The Ministry for the! Times.” 

Rev. A. Essick, “An Efficient Ministry.’ 
Rev. Henry Bishop (Speaker Absent). 
Rev. Henry Bishop (Speaker Absent). 
Rev. Henry Bishop (Speaker Absent). 
No Speaker. 

Rev. J. G. Butler, D.D., “The Church in Our National Reconstruc- 
tion.” 

Rev. S. A. Holman, D:D., “The Conflict in the Church.” 

Rev. G. Parson, D.D., “The Hindrances to Intellectual and Spiritual 
Development.” 

No Meeting. 

Rev. E.-J. Wolf, DiD., “The Literature of Prisons.” 

Rev?) W.° My Baum DD; = The* Christian’ Pulpites 

Rev. Henry Baker, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 

Rev. J. C. Koller, D.D., “Should Clergymen Study Natural Science?” 
Rev. Daniel Steck, D.D., “Consecration to Our Sacred Calling.” 
Seminary Jubilee. No Speaker. 

Rev. Prof. Henry Ziegler, D.D., “The Elements or Source of Min- 
isterial Power.” 

Rev. H. W. McKnight, D. D., “The Elements of Abiding Power in 
Christianity.” 

Rey.’ HY C.*Holioway DD; ‘Godan’ Christ? 

Rev. Matthias Sheeleigh, D.D., “The Bible, the Minister’s Manual.” 
Rev. T. C. Billheimer, D.D., “The Service Which Modern Scepticism 
Has Been Made to Render to Christianity.” 

College Jubilee. No Address. 

Rev. Peter Bergstresser, D.D., “Evangelical Preaching.” 

Rev. J. G. Goettman, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 

Rev. A. S. Hartman, D.D., “The Special Culture of the Ministry 
Demanded by the Age.” 

Rev. J. G. Goettman, D.D., “The Pulpit as Related to the Labor 
Question.” 

Rev. W. H. Dunbar, D.D., “A Ministry of Heroic Faith.” 

Rev. W. E. Parson, D.D., “The Materialistic Heresy.” 

Rey. J. A. Clutz, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 

Rey. J. A. Clutz, D.D., “The Preacher’s Partnership With God.” 


296 


“ 


1891, 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 


1895. 
1896. 


1897, 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 


1904. 


1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
EOL: 


1OLL 


Lolz, 


iS 
1914, 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919: 
1920. 
|B ot 
1922. 
73, 
1924. 
1925. 


1926. 


ASTERISKS *AND;QBELISKS 


Rev. John Wagner, D.D., “The Pulpit in Modern Life.” 

Rev. J. A. Earnest, D.D. (Subject not recorded). 

Rev. W. S. Freas, D.D: (Speaker Absent). 

Rev. E. D. Weigle, D.D., “The Ministry in Relation to Current 
Social Problems.” 

Rev. J. A. Singmaster, D.D., “The Pastor and Negative Criticism.” 
Rev. D. M. Gilbert, D.D., “The Dangers and Temptations of the 
Ministerial Office.” 

Rev. Victor Miller, D.D. (Subject not recorded). 

Rey. P. C. Croll, D.D., “The Ministry in the Twentieth Century.” 
Rev. John Brubaker, D.D., “The Bible in Relation to Our Modern 
Ebimese 

Rey. W. E. Fischer, D.D., “The Man and His Message.” 

Rey. C. L. McConnell, D.D., “Our Message.” 

Rev. George H. Reen, “Christianity and the Labor Problem.” 

Rev. E. H. Delk, D.D., “The Higher and the Highest Criticism.” 
Rev. F. H. Knubel, D.D., “The Atonement in the Light of the 
Divine Fatherhood.” 

Rev. W. S. Freas, D.D., “The Ministry Adapted to the Times.” 
Rev. H. C. Alleman, D.D., “The Church and Civil Affairs.” 
Revers. Gan britchard, ba (Subject noterecorded = 

Rey. T. C. Billheimer, D.D., “Archaeology and the Bible.” 

Rev. C. R. Trowbridge, D.D., “The Joy of the Christian Ministry.” 
Rey. Charles Reinewald, D.D. (Subject not recorded). 

Rev. Albert Bell, D.D., “Power.” 

Rey. J. T. Huddle, D.D., “The Religious Complexion of the United 
States: 

Rey, J.-B) Bakery D:D;, “Mimisterialy Brambles.” 

Reva He letrickwi Do The Country Ghurch 

Rey. M. J. Kline, D.D., “Higher Education Under Church Auspices.” 
irevwee5. Hater, Our Battle forthet ideal 

Rey. L. C. Manges, D.D., “Voices in the Chorus.” 

Rev. M. F. Good, D.D., “Our Reformation Heritage.” 

Rev. G. A. Greiss, D.D., “The Church and the Present Crisis.” 
Rev. W. H. B. Carney, D.D., “The Gospel for the Day.” 

Rev. H. W. Snyder, D.D., “Week-Day Religious Teaching.” 

Rev. J. E. Byers, D.D., “Making the Most of Our Ministry.” 

Rew eww «Ott, -D.D ee My, Church: 

Rey. J. H. Meyer, D.D., “Lutheranism’s Opportunity.” 

Rev. M. L. Enders, D.D., “Is God Really Real or Is He the Creation 
of Man’s Mind?” 

Rev. R. B. Peery, Ph.D., D.D., “The Making of a Prophet.” 


297 


HISTORY* OF *GELTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HOLMAN'LECTURES ON THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION 


ear Article Lecturer 

1866 I J.*A. Brows,7D.D., xD. 
1867 II S. Sprecher, D.D.,; LL.D. 
1868 LP S) Si-SchmuckermD7D; 

1869 IV Me Valentnee D:D WLL.D. 
1870 V GaAs. Hay a, 

1871 gt CANe Stork see 

1872 AVAL es Coe Ornise toby ag Io 
1873 VIII H. Ziegler, D.D. 

1874 IX Ey, Wi 2 Gonrad se) Bl 
1875 xX G. Diehl, D.D. 

1876 XI A. C. Wedekind, D.D. 

1877 XII Sv IW, larkey., 10-0: 

1878 XIII Wires Bat, Lbs 

1879 XIV L. A. Gotwald, D.D. 

1880 XV Soe LiGhnanwDab 

1881 XVI Ion EVA Ibert 7: 

1882 XVIT Hey Wott, Ds sD. 
1883 ee Mul fic BOL, S1Se area(s Bip 

1884 XIX S. A.’ Repass, D.D. 

1885 XX Ho erubper 10: 

1886 XXI JeGe Koller en): 

1887 I SA» Orta DD Rey 
1888 if J.B: tRemensnydeér, DD. CED; 
1889 III JoeWiRichardyalp aie Ler 
1890 IV Ce Ballhemers 12D: 

1891 V (Es SchoddeaawiPh Dp: 
1892 VI GMS wAtbertaDsDs 

1893 VIL P. Bergstresser, D.D. 

1895 VIII JeAgHarnest 312.19) 

1896 IX eg W.. ellitiord.) al). 

1897 xX tetP.sManharice Deby 

1898 XI J. A.?Singmaster, -D.D./-LLID; 
1899 XII Charles E. Hay, D.D. 

1900 XIII Wie De Larsones iL: 

1901 XIV be AEC) eee 
1903 XV Luther Kuhlman, D.D. 

1904 XVII G. US Wenner, (D-DD: 
1905 XVI S: Le pchinucker- sll. 
1906 DeVeLLL M. Coover, D.D., LL.D. 
1907 XIX aa ue ochre loulos 

1908 XX J. M. Reimensnyder, D.D. 


298 


Year 


1909 
1910 
1911 
oaks 
1015 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 
1920 
91 
1922 
z3 
1924 
1925 
1926 


Year 


1872 


1873 


1874 
1875 


1876 


1877 


1878 
1879 


1880 


1881 
1882 


1883 


1884 


AS LERISKSUAND, @BELISKS 


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DEC TOR ESTO Ne E 


Lecturer 
Te Gee Butler DED). 


Cor Gl tors od OHDS 


LA. Gotwald, D.D: 
A. C. Wedekind, D.D. 


G. U. Wenner, D.D., L.H.D 
Rev. Dr. Tyng, Jr. 


Seb Dattitz. L).D% 
M. Rhodes, D.D. 


Peet pert, Lal). 


John Leyburn, D.D. 
George Scholl, D.D. 


o. Alberte 1), 


Lecturer 


JialeaNeve? DD: 

John Aberly, D.D. 

Te Bor WoOltoDdsD: 

Caspar Rene Gregory, Ph.D., LL.D. 
Bvcla kaiubel wD Aes oD: 

H. C. Alleman, D-D: 

John A. Himes, Litt.D. 

E. D. Weigle, D.D. 

John Wagner, D.D. 

Jeremiah Zimmerman, D.D., LL.D. 
William E. Fischer, D.D. 

A. R&Wentz,. Bhi DeiD:D. 

Luther Weigle, Ph.D., D.D. 

UD Eranklins Gruber, Db De el... 
Marion J. Kline, D.D. 

(Jo Getty, © Lal: 

Stanley Billheimer, D.D. 

H. Anstadt2LeD: 


RICE FOUNDATION 
Subject 


Development and Direction of Benev- 
olence. 

How to Retain the Young Members 
in the Church. 

Lay Work. 

Development and Direction of Benev- 
olence. 


Work Among the Young of the 
Church. 

(Speaker accepted, but did not ap- 
pear.) 

Lay Work. 


Development and Direction of Benev- 
olence. 

lhe .Care*sof 
Church. 

Lay Work. 

Development and Direction of Benev- 
olence. 

hemtsarey Or 
Church. 


the Young of the 


the Young of the 


M. W. Hamma, D.D., LL.D. Lay Work. 


229 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Year Lecturer Subject 

1885: J. A. Clotz, Dope eee: Development and Direction of Benev- 
olence. 

1886 Lee M. Heilman, D.D. The Care of the Young. 


LECTURES ON THE BAUGHER FOUNDATION 


Year Lecturer Subject 

1892 .G.. U. Wenner, D.D., L.H.D Christian Worship 
1893,°-Ce'S, Albert@sD Ds Christian Worship 
1894 F..P) Manhart, D.D, Christian Worship 
1895>"J.-C.KollenwbpsD: Christian Worship 
1896. -J. Ave Seiss\) 0) wel: Christian Worship 
1897 EE Horn 2p iia el: Christian Worship 


TENTATIVE PROGRAM OF CENTENNIAL] EXERCISES 


SEPTEMBER 21 


4 P. M. Service of Praise. 
6 P. M. Alumni Reunion and Dinner. 
SEPTEMBER 22 
9 A. M. The Seminary and the Church. 
2 P.M. The Seminary and Sister Institutions (Presentation of Dele- 
gates). 
6 P. M. Complimentary Dinner to Delegates. 
oP. The Seminary and the Public. 
SEPTEMBER 23 
OrAr The Seminary and the Lutheran Faith. Inauguration of New 


President and Professors. 


SUPPLEMENTARY 


Before this page goes to press it is necessary to record two more events 
of prime importance in the life of the Seminary. One is the resignation 
of Dr. Coover in December, 1925, effective August, 1926. The reasons 
given are “a commanding sense of propriety” and “personal health and 
physical capacity.” As his successor the Directors elected (April 12, 1926) 
Rev. R. T. Stamm, Ph.D., of the class that entered in 1920. The other 
event is the sudden death of Dr. Singmaster (see page 330) on February 
27, 1926. As his successor in systematic theology the directors elected 
(April 12, 1926) Rev. John Aberly, D.D., of the class that entered in 1888. 


300 


GHP EE Racy 
THE FACULTY 


PROFESSORS 
(WITH DATE OF SERVICE) 
PRICES LI OTm CHINUGK EE Ebay ise s isisdl ele oc utes ede © Siete 1826-18064 
PC OTYSUMELSE WISE ELA ZCLIU Seen alate g's Sau. oe sccin, shteokers i= o- ano tine GR ROE (ie oy 1830-1833 
Eleiiver miinanticlies Clinic tan), cadens st .0o oh seo meie ee eee aie ee 1839-1843 
( 1844-1848 
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(sraricomee iin ahrattthim) le nr ore he cick. s2 sca. SE ee one 1850-1867 
beta glesml eederick. oclaener. ().D i.e oes cae oo «see, eee 1856-1864 
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Malton avalentine’ D:D lila D: “paresis lardecte. (iets eee | fet cee 
Pumiand MacobewolteD.D. ElsD....90 ts. c. Me Pease antas eine 1874-1905 
MArlccor\ Ue tstiice LOG ark Is Doe ee ot ee ar oot pee ite thG tale ed Blea 1881-1883 
Neem AI MALIBIV ICHAT ML) ew lslel) Mon ainsi eer, sey tee ean oe 1889-1909 
BnGivacmenariesrotlinelmer ml reece ne oes ca ctoe ee Fee 1893-1911 
Pome ractieinemascete ls eealel Lites caer tc. esti ee te 1900-1926 
Wits PEs pcs AMET EERSTE fee IBD lp ES ge piggies ages 1903-1916 
WECLANcht noire CO verer | lie ohne ut. vite nat eee ek pate oe 1905-1926 
paAcoome Drala eiiize)s Ds lols Lee ee ees eee ale Cake, 1909-1925 
Plerbents Gnristialn lloriatne ters varie ce. eet. < oee, Te 1911- 
PUDGel a ROSs= WieltZo inl) 1), agen, ee yap Ae ae ee. ees 1916- 
Pee ee ne rad will PASCher eb Ins. nee easine es ON ct cheeky eva eal oes 1925- 





SAMUEL SIMON SCHMUCKER, D.D. 
(See Chapter VIIT) 





Dr. SCHMUCKER 


301 


HISTORY: OF “GEEPYSBURG SEMINARY 


ERNST LEWIS HAZELIUS, D.D. The second professor in the Seminary 
was born at Neusalz, in the province of Silesia, Prussia, on September 

6, 1777. He was descended from a long and honored line of Lutheran 
ministers in Sweden. His father, Eric Hazel- 
ius, was educated for the Lutheran ministry at 
the University of Upsala, but did not take up 
a pastorate. His mother, Christiana Brahtz, 
was a Moravian and a native of Stettin. From 
infancy he was imbued with a deep strain of 
evangelical piety. 

His academic course young Hazelius pur- 
sued at Barby. His theological training he re- 
ceived in the Moravian institution at Nuiesky. 
Moravian bishops licensed him to preach the 
Gospel. In 1800 he came to America under 
appointment as teacher of the classics in the 
Moravian school at Nazareth, Pennsylvania. 
When the Seminary was established there in 
1807 he became the professor of theology and head of the theological 
department of the school. But Hazelius did not agree with the Moravian 
views of Church government and discipline. This fact, together with 
other considerations, led him to sever his connections with the Seminary 
at Nazareth after eight years of service there and to return to the 
Church of his ancestors. In 1809 he removed to Philadelphia and for a 
short time gave instruction in a private classical school there. 

Then he was ordained by the Lutheran Ministerium of New York and 
took charge of the united congregations of New Germantown, German 
Valley and Spruce Run in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. In connection 
with his pastorate he conducted a classical school at New Germantown. 

He was married in 1810 to Miss Hulda Cummings Bray of Lebanon, 
New Jersey. They had no children. 

When in 1815 Hartwick Seminary prepared to erect a building and 
began to look for a man to devote his entire time to the work of teach- 
ing, the selection fell on Pastor Hazelius. For fifteen years he served 
Hartwick as its. professor of Christian theology and principal of the 
Classical Department. Here he gained a high reputation as a classical 
scholar and as a successful teacher. He had translated Storr and Flatt’s 
Biblical Theology for use in his classes and was about to seek a pub- 
lisher when he learned that Dr. Schmucker had translated and published 
it. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity simultaneously in 
1824 from Union and Columbia Colleges in New York. He was also 
invited to professorships in Lafayette College and in Princeton. 

By the year 1830 the Seminary at Gettysburg felt the need for a 
second professor and the unanimous choice of its Board of Directors 


302 





Dr. HAZELIUS 


THE, FACULTY. 


fell on Dr. Hazelius. He was designated Professor of Biblical and 
Oriental Literature and of the German Language. He was inaugurated 
in September and his inaugural address was long afterwards expanded 
into a book entitled ‘““The History of the American Lutheran Church.” 
In addition to his work in the Seminary Dr. Hazeiius was professor of 
Latin and German in the College at Gettysburg during its first year. 

But Dr. Hazelius was not altogether happy at Gettysburg, as his 
secondary position on the faculty did not afford him so wide a field of 
usefulness in the Church as he had expected. In 1833 when death re- 
moved Professor Schwartz, the teacher in the Classical and Theological 
Institute of the Synod of South Carolina, at Lexington, one of the, 
members of the Gettysburg Board of Directors, a confidential friend of 
Dr. Hazelius, suggested Hazelius as the head of the southern institution. 
He was elected and gladly accepted, so that his term of service with the 
Gettysburg Seminary was very brief. 

At Lexington Dr. Hazelius labored for more than nineteen years. 
Calls to other positions he steadfastly declined. The Seminary there 
flourished under his direction. He died at Lexington, February 20, 
1853. His published writings are a “Life of Luther,” “Life of Stilling,” 
“The Augsburg Confession with Annotations,” “Materials for Catechiza- 
tion on Passages of Scripture,” “A History of the Christian Church 
(first two centuries), and a “History of the Lutheran Church in Amer- 
ica.’ While at Gettysburg he helped to edit Das Evangelische Magazin. 

In his theological views Hazelius was evangelical, but his Moravian 
training as well as the spirit of the times in which he lived made him 
averse to strict doctrinal definitions. He accepted the current distinc- 
tion between the fundamental and non-fundamental artictes of the Augs- 
burg Confession, and he did not subscribe to all of the articles. His 
position on the Lord’s Supper was that of low Calvinism. In his 
attitude towards other denominations he was broadly tolerant and cath- 
olic. His chief zeal was for the salvation of sinners and the pious 
development of the saints. He was a man of amiable disposition, always 
exercising a fatherly oversight over his pupils, and few professors have 
been more beloved by their pupils than was Ernst Lewis Hazelius. 


HENRY IMMANUEL SCHMIDT, D.D. Professor Schmidt was born of 
Moravian parentage at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, on December 21, 1800. 
His father was a distinguished physician and an intimate friend of Dr. 
Hazelius, whom he had followed to America. Henry received his pre- 
paratory education in the Academy at Nazareth and his theological 
training in the Moravian Seminary located there, the Seminary that 
had begun under Dr. Hazelius. After graduating from the Seminary 
in 1826 he taught for three years in the Academy. Then, like his god- 
father Hazelius before him, he severed his connections with the Mo- 


303 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


ravians and was ordained a Lutheran minister by the Ministerium of 
New York. For a short time he served the Lutheran congregations 
at Saddle River and Ramapo in Bergen County, 
New Jersey. 

But most of his life was spent as a teacher. 
After Hazelius left Hartwick Seminary for 
Gettysburg, Schmidt became the assistant to 
Dr. G. B. Miller at Hartwick. In this capacity 
he labored for three years, from 1833 to 1836. 
During this period he also established a young 
ladies’ seminary there. He resigned his pro- 
fessorship at Hartwick Seminary to accept a 
call to the German congregation in Boston that 
had just been established by the New York 
Ministerium. His work among the Germans 
in Boston was largely supported by the Eng- 
lish speaking Congregational churches in that 
city, and during this period of his life our subject spelled his name 
“Smith.” But the work in Boston was discouraging and in 1838 
Schmidt was called to walk again in the footsteps of Hazelius and to go 
to Gettysburg as professor of German. 

At Gettysburg, Professor Schmidt was first and primarily a teacher 
in the College. His title was “Professor of German and French Lan- 
guages and Literature.” In 1839 he was elected professor of German 
literature’ in the Seminary, with a schedule of two hours a week. His 
work for the Seminary was additional to his work for the College and 
his compensation was the free use ot the house on the Seminary 
campus which he was occupying. Nearly five years were spent at 
Gettysburg and Dr. Schmidt long afterwards described this period as 
“the happiest years of my life.” He left Gettysburg in 1843 because 
of the financial embarrassments of the College. He was the only rep- 
resentative the New York Ministerium has ever had on the Faculty at 
Gettysburg. 

From Gettysburg Dr. Schmidt returned to New York and became 
pastor at Palatine and Stone Arabia, in Montgomery County. As these 
congregations belonged to the Hartwick Synod, he withdrew from the 
New York Ministerium and joined the younger body. It was this fact 
probably that afterwards led Dr. S. S. Schmucker to class him among 
the “American Lutherans,’ but Schmidt firmly repelled the claim and 
insisted that he belonged to the “Old Lutherans.” After a pastorate of 
only two years in Montgomery County, Dr. Schmidt returned again to 
the professor’s chair and there spent the remainder of his active years. 

First he became the principal of Hartwick Seminary. In this ca- 
pacity he served from 1845 to 1848. Then he accepted a call to the Ger- 
. 304 





Dr. SCHMIDT 


Pibhe PACU L TY. 


hard Professorship of German Language and Literature in Columbia 
College, New York City. Here he labored with merit and distinction 
for thirty-three years. In 1850 he received the honorary doctorate of 
divinity from Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg. Because of his ad- 
vanced age he resigned his professorship at Columbia in the fall of 1880. 
From that date until his death on February 11, 1889, he was professor 
emeritus. Without exception those who knew him regarded him as a 
gentleman of fine culture and uniform punctiliousness in observing the 
proprieties of life. His widow survived him, but he had no children. 

Professor Schmidt was very active in the general work of the 
Church, and was widely recognized as one of the ablest and most schol- 
arly men in the Church at that time. He had a well-disciplined mind 
and excellent literary taste, so that his writings may still be read with 
pleasure. His publications are numerous and of high merit. In the 
earlier volumes of the Evangelical Review many articles appear from 
his pen. His separate publications are “A History of Education” (pub- 
lished in Harper’s Family Library in 1842); ‘The Scriptural Char- 
acter of the Lutheran Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper,” 186 pp., 1852; 
and a “Course of Ancient Geography,” 328 pp., 1861. He also helped 
to translate Schmid’s “Dogmatic Theology.” 

Dr. Schmidt went along with the doctrinal and confessional develop- 
ment that took place in the Lutheran Church in America during his 
lifetime. He was prominent also in the liturgical development of the 
General Synod. When the division came in the ranks of the General 
Synod in 1866, he helped to found the General Council. In New York 
City he had become a member of Dr. Krotel’s church in the New York 
Ministerium, and in 1878 when Dr. Krotel and his congregation were 
transferred to the Pennsylvania Ministerium, Dr. Schmidt also became a 
member of the old Mother Synod. The historian could wish that Dr. 
Schmidt had always remained in the service of the institutions at 
Gettysburg. 


CHARLES AUGUSTUS HAY, D.D. The subject of this sketch served on 
the Faculty of the Seminary longer than any other man except S. S. 
Schmucker himself. His term of service was so extended and his 
activities so varied that it would be impossible within such narrow limits 
to present a full estimate of his influence on behalf of the Seminary. 
Only an outline can be attempted. 

Dr. Hay was born February 11, 1821, at York, Pennsylvania, the son 
of John Hay and Eliza Ebert Hay, and nephew of Dr. J. G. Morris. 
He prepared for college at the York County Academy and the German 
‘Reformed High School and under the direction of his uncle, and entered 
the sophomore class at Gettysburg in 1836, only four years after the 
College had begun. He graduated from the College in 1839 and from the 


305 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Seminary two years later. Then he went to Germany for further the- 
ological study. Two years were spent at Berlin and Halle. At Halle 
he enjoyed close intimacy with Professor Tho- 
luck. Other celebrities whose public instruc- 
tions and private courtesies he enjoyed were 
Hengstenberg, Twesten, Neander, Strauss, 
Guericke, Gossner and Julius Mueller. Re- 
turning to America he was licensed in 1843 and 
took charge of the Lutheran Church at Middle- 
town, Maryland. In this pastorate, however, 
he remained only nine months. For in Sep- 
tember, 1844, at the early age of twenty-three, 
he was called to the Seminary at Gettysburg as 
professor of Biblical literature and German 
language. He was the first incumbent of the 

Dyed eb Alumni Professorship. For four years he la- 

bored by the side of Dr. Schmucker as the “sec- 
ond professor” in the Seminary, and from March to October, 1846, dur- 
ing Dr. Schmucker’s absence in Europe, he was in practical charge of the 
affairs of the Seminary. In connection with his professorship in the Sem- 
inary he gave four hours a week to the teaching of German in the College. 

Then he resigned. The gathering clouds of theological controversy 
in the Lutheran Church of America and his own lack of experience in 
the pastorate, together with the meagerness of his salary at Gettysburg, 
seemed to make it desirable that he should relinquish the professor’s 
chair for a while, and upon the advice of more experienced men like C. 
P. Krauth and J. G. Morris, he entered the pastorate again in 1848. A 
letter from Dr. Morris to Dr. Krauth indicates that they were thinking 
of the young teacher as a possible successor to Dr. Schmucker sometime 
as professor of theology. But for that it was required by the consti- 
tution that he should have at least five years’ experience as a pastor. He 
left Gettysburg to take pastoral charge of St. Matthew’s in Hanover. 
But after one year in Hanover he went to Zion Church in Harrisburg, 
in July, 1849, as successor to the Rev. Dr. C. W. Schaeffer. Here he 
remained for more than sixteen years, exerting a wide influence not only 
in his large congregation but throughout the entire city. In 1859 the 
College honored him with the doctorate of divinity. 

In 1865, when the Seminary was facing the most critical period in 
its history, Dr. Hay was called to become the colleague of Krauth, 
Brown and Valentine as the “fourth professor.” He was asked to 
teach Hebrew and Old Testament theology, pastoral theology, and 
German language and literature. This position he accepted and here he 
remained until four days before his death on June 26, 1893. In con- 
nection with his professorial duties he was also pastor of Christ (Col- 


306 





TEE PAGULTY: 


lege) Church. Altogether he spent thirty-two years as professor in the 
Seminary. During most of that period he was the secretary of the Fac- 
ulty. Always he was active in the movements leading to the enlarge- 
ment of the course of study and the increase in the equipment of the 
school. 

Dr. Hay always took an active interest in the general work of the 
Church. When he removed from Hanover to Harrisburg he became a 
member of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. But the linguistic and con- 
fessional developments within the Ministerium led him and his congre- 
gation to transfer their membership in 1857 to the East Pennsylvania 
Synod. He was one of the foremost leaders in the Synod, twice its 
president and three times its secretary. He also exerted a wide in- 
fluence in the General Synod, serving as its secretary in 1853 and its 
president in 1881. When the division came in the ranks of the General 
Synod in 1864-66, Dr. Hay remained warmly loyal to the older body and 
throughout his life was an outspoken advocate of the General Synod 
type of Lutheranism. For forty years he was one of the trustees of 
Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg and from 1867 to 1880 the secretary 
of its Board. He was one of the active agents in securing the ampler 
endowment of the College. 

Special mention must. be made of his persevering and methodical 
labors on behalf of the Lutheran Historical Society. This Society was 
founded and for many years was presided over by Dr. J. G. Morris. In 
1869 Dr. Hay became the curator of its library, and his many years of 
painstaking effort in collecting and arranging a gfeat mass of manu- 
scripts and printed documents bearing on Lutheran history was a ser- 
vice of inestimable value. The author of this volume acknowledges him- 
self indebted to Dr. Hay more than to any other one person for the 
sources of his information. 

During the Civil War Dr. Hay was a stout advocate of the Union 
and a warm friend of the soldier. At one time he was arrested in Har- 
risburg and arraigned before the military authorities in Baltimore for 
criticising Gen. Wool’s leniency to Southern sympathizers. He was 
for many years president of the Pennsylvania Bible Society. He was 
an earnest supporter of the public schools and at one time was offered 
the position of State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

With all his teaching and practical activities Dr. Hay found time to 
write. He wrote many book reviews and magazine articles on _ his- 
torical and biographical topics. He also prepared a volume of “Life 
Sketches of Lutheran Ministers in America’ (Goering, Lochman, 
Kurtz), 1887. He translated ‘“Luther’s Commentary on the Sermon on 
the Mount,” 1892. With H. E. Jacobs he translated and edited Schmid’s 
“Dogmatic Theology.” This volume exerted a profound influence on 
the development of the General Synod. 


307 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Dr. Hay was married to Miss Sarah Rebecca Barnitz, of York, 
Pennsylvania, on May 5, 1845. His wife was the daughter of Hon. 
Charles A. Barnitz, first treasurer of the Seminary. He had eight 
children, five of whom survived him: John W., a pharmacist in Harris- 
burg; Rev. Dr. Charles E., of the Deaconess Mother-House in Balti- 
more; Rev. Dr. Edward G., of Rhinebeck, New York; the wife of Rev. 
M. L. Heisler, late of Harrisburg; and the wife of Professor John A. 
Himes, Litt.D., of Gettysburg. 


CHARLES PHILIP KRAUTH, D.D. Precisely one-third of a century 
Charles Philip Krauth gave to the institutions at Gettysburg. About 
one-half of this period was devoted exclusively to the Seminary. He 

was an excellent preacher and a good teacher, 
but those who know him were most impressed 
by his attractive personal qualities. He lived 
through a period of bitter polemics, in which 
the institution he loved and served was in- 
timately involved, but he kept himself free 
from controversy. He had the enthusiastic 
admiration of every student he taught, and the 
impress of his devout personality was long felt 
in the Seminary. 

The intimate facts of Dr. Krauth’s life are 
very beautiful. Professor Stoever opens his 
S lengthy account of his career with these words: 

De ee “A character so near perfection, a life so al- 
most blameless as was that of Charles P. 

Krauth is seldom found. He was one of the purest and best men that 

ever lived. One more faithful and affectionate, better in the entire 

combination of his gifts and graces, has never been given to the 

Church.” 

Dr. Krauth was born at New Goshenhoppen, Montgomery County, 
Pennsylvania, on May 7, 1797. His father, Charles James Krauth, was 
a native of Germany and came to America as a young man in the ca- 
pacity of school teacher and church organist. His mother was Kath- 
erine Doll, a Pennsylvanian. They lived at York, Pennsylvania, in Bal- 
timore, Maryland, and for many years in Virginia, everywhere highly 
respected by their neighbors. Dr. Krauth early evinced a decided: taste 


for linguistic studies and won high credit in his study of Latin, Greek 
and French. 





Having selected medicine as his profession, he commenced its study 
when about eighteen years of age under the direction of Dr. Selden, 
of Norfolk, Virginia. Then he attended a course of lectures in the Uni- 
versity of Maryland. But his funds became exhausted and he paid a 


308 


THE PACUDBY 


visit to Frederick, Md., with a view of procuring financial aid from his 
uncle, who was the organist of the Lutheran church. There he 
came under the influence of Rev. David F. Schaeffer and he became 
convinced that not medicine but the ministry was the work to which God 
had called him. He soon commenced his theological studies under the 
direction of Pastor Schaeffer, and at every step of his progress was 
more strongly convinced of his divine call to preach. 

In 1818, while he was at Frederick prosecuting his theological 
studies, Rev. Abraham Reck of Winchester, Va., who was in feeble 
health, wrote to Rev. Schaeffer asking if he could not send him a the- 
ological student to help him in the work of his pastorate. Schaeffer 
sent young Krauth, who continued his studies under the direction of 
Pastor Reck and assisted him in preaching the gospel and performing 
pastoral labor. This work he continued for one year. 

Mr. Krauth was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Synod of Penn- 
sylvania at its meeting in Baltimore in 1819. His first pastoral charge 
embraced the churches of Martinsburg and Shepherdstown, Va. He 
helped to organize the Synod of Maryland and Virginia in 1820 and 
was a member of the committee that drew up the first constitution. This 
Synod ordained him in 1821. Two years later he was made treasurer 
of the Synod and so continued for three terms. Then he became presi- 
dent, but only for one term because in 1827 he removed from the bounds 
of the Synod to take charge of St. Matthew’s in Philadelphia. Already 
in these early years he was deeply interested in the education of men 
for the ministry. In 1823 the Maryland Synod made him a member of 
a committee “to report a plan for the education of pious and indigent 
young men for the Gospel ministry.” It was at a monthly conference of 
ministers held in the church at Martinsburg, in February, 1825, while 
Mr. Krauth was pastor, that the enterprise of a theological seminary 
under the auspices of the General Synod originated and here the first 
funds ever contributed to the object were collected, in the amount of 
five or six dollars. That fall the Maryland Synod appointed Krauth 
on a committee with Schmucker and Kurtz to draft a plan for a sem- 
inary, and the next year when the General Synod adopted the plan, 
Krauth was elected a member of its first Board of Directors. He was 
also the first secretary of the Board. 

Krauth’s removal to Philadelphia in 1827 marks a new epoch, not 
only in the history of our English Lutheran interests in that city, but 
of his own life. Brought into new associations, surrounded by active, 
earnest, living men, with large libraries at his command, new powers 
seemed to be awakened within him and new energies developed. As a 
scholar, theologian and preacher he made rapid advance and deeply im- 
pressed the community. He strongly encouraged the introduction of 
English into the services of the sanctuary and in doing this had to 


309 


HISTORY: OFSGE DIYS BURG ISL MINARY 


brave some opposition. Dr. Krauth remained in Philadelphia six years, 
enjoying the highest reputation as preacher and pastor. 

When Dr. Hazelius resigned his professorship in the Seminary in 
1833, the attention of the Board of Directors was at once turned to 
Dr. Krauth as the man best qualified for the position. As a Hebraist 
he had no superior in the Church. He was unanimously chosen profes- 
sor of Biblical and Oriental literature. It was agreed that part of his 
time should be devoted to instruction in the newly established College, 
with the understanding that as soon as proper arrangements could be 
made his duties should be entirely in the Seminary. But this plan was 
in force less than a year, for early in 1834 Professor Krauth was unan- 
imously elected the first president of Pennsylvania College. The duties 
of this office he performed with great fidelity for sixteen years and they 
were years of rapid progress in the life of the young College. During 
most of this time Dr. Krauth also gave a few hours of instruction 
each week in the Seminary. He co-operated earnestly in the revivals of 
religion that visited the student body of the College in 1836, 1839 and 
1842. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1837. 

In the autumn of 1850, after Dr. Hay had closed his first period of 
service on the Seminary Faculty, and after Dr. Krauth’s friend, Dr. 
Demme, had declined the call of the Board, Dr. Krauth himself relin- 
quished with great satisfaction the toilsome and often ungrateful work 
of the College presidency, and took up again the more quiet and con- 
genial duties of theological instruction. His chair was now called the 
“Professorship of Biblical Philology and Ecclesiastical History.” Thus 
he came to be fully and permanently identified with the institution that 
he had helped to call into being and whose fortunes he had followed 
so intimately and uninterruptedly from the beginning until that moment. 
For fifteen years Krauth and Schmucker constituted the Seminary Fac- 
ulty. A few more years he labored by the side of Dr. Brown, who came in 
1864, and Mr. Hay, who came the following year, and one year by the side 
of Dr, Valentine, who came in 1866. Then came the end, May 30, 1867, 
in the seventy-first year of his age and the forty-ninth of his ministry. 

In the forty years of the Seminary’s life Dr. Krauth was the first 
professor to die in the service. The Board of Trustees, with which he 
had so long been connected, first as a member, then as a_ servant, 
adopted a touching resolution expressing their “exalted admiration of his 
unaffected piety and his extensive acquirements, his entire consecration 
of his talents and influence to the welfare of the Seminary, his faith- 
ful and conscientious discharge of duty, his bland and amiable disposi- 
tion and his eminent social qualities.’ The Seminary also erected a 
monument at his grave. His books were purchased and added to the 
Seminary Library. 


310 


LHe SAGULAN 


Dr. Krauth did not write much. In, his early ministry in the Synod 
of Maryland and Virginia he was associated with Dr. Schaeffer in edit- 
ing the Lutheran Intelligencer. From 1850 to 1861 he was editor of the 
Evangelical Review, and contributed a number of its articles. This 
magazine was a great power on behalf of conservative. Lutheranism in 
America. Dr. Krauth served on several important committees of the 
General Synod and was its president in 1848. His theological position 
was more conservative and more in accord with historical Lutheranism 
than that of his colleague, Dr. Schmucker, but their personal relations 
were always very cordial. 


Dr. Krauth was twice married. His first wife was Miss Catharine 
Susan Heiskell, of Staunton, Virginia. She was the mother of Charles 
Porterfield Krauth and of Mrs. Julia H. Kinsolving, wife of Rev. O. 
A. Kinsolving. His second wife was Miss Harriet Brown, of Gettys- 
burg. She was the mother of John M. Krauth, Esq., formerly the Sec- 
retary of the College Board of Trustees, and Miss Sallie Pearson 
Krauth, for many years the College librarian. 


JAMES ALLEN BROWN, D.D., LL.D. After Dr. Schmucker’s resignation 
from his position as the head of the Seminary in 1864, Dr. J. A. Brown 
became the professor of didactic theology and the new head of the 
school. For seventeen years he presided 
over the Faculty, and there are many living 
today who remember his forceful person- 
ality both as teacher and as preacher. 

James Allen Brown was born in Dru- 
more Township, Lancaster County, Penn- 
sylvania, February 19, 1821. His parents, 
James and Ann Brown, were Quakers. His 
early life was spent on a farm and he re- 
ceived only a meager education, but he was 
endowed with superior natural talents and 
had a constitutional thirst for knowled<c. 
He devoted his evenings to reading and 
study. For several years he taught school 
in Lancaster during the winters. Then he 
determined to prepare himself for college. Unassisted he began the 
study of Latin. In 1840 he purchased a copy of Valpy’s Greek Grammar 
and mastered its contents as he followed the plough. After spending 
some time at the Mt. Joy Institute and the Emmaus Institute at Middle- 
town, Pennsylvania, pursuing his language studies and at the same time 


311 





Dr. BrowN 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


helping to teach, he passed a successful examination and was admitted 
to the senior class in the College at Gettysburg in 1841. 

It was during his student days at Gettysburg that Brown first con- 
nected himself with the Church, being baptized by Dr. James Watson 
on December 19, 1841, and becoming a member of the Presbyterian 
church in Gettysburg. He graduated from the College in the class of 
1842. Then three years were given to teaching in private schools, one 
year at Leitersburg, Maryland, one year at New Windsor, Maryland, 
and one year at Darlington, Maryland. . 

Brown’s contacts at Gettysburg College had inclined him towards 
the Lutheran Church and had also helped to stir within him an “ardent 
desire to proclaim the Gospe! of Christ.” Accordingly, during his three 
years of teaching, from 1842 to 1845, he had been diligently studying 
theology under the direction of Drs. J. G. Morris and Benjamin Kurtz 
of Baltimore. He was a thorough student and in October, 1845, the 
Maryland Synod, meeting in Washington, licensed him to preach. He 
took charge of Luther Chapel, in Baltimore, a congregation which had 
been established by Dr. Morris and which is now known as the Third 
Lutheran Church. 

After a little more than three years in Baltimore Dr. Brown accepted 
a call to Zion Church, in York. Here as in Baltimore he prosecuted his 
work with great energy and success, and he soon began to gain a repu- 
tation as a convincing preacher. After a pastorate of little more than 
one year he resigned at York in 1849, to take charge of St. Matthew’s, 
at Reading. At Reading he remained for ten years and here he came 
to be known as the fearless foe of every form of evil. He was par- 
ticularly aggressive against the prevailing error of Universalism and the 
wide-spread evil of intemperance. Here also, during the controversy 
over the Definite Synodical Platform, he established a reputation as a 
clear thinker, a vigorous writer, a conservative churchman and a master 
of Lutheran theology. 

Meanwhile, upon the death of Hazelius, head of the theological sem- 
inary at Lexington, South Carolina, that institution had been removed 
from Lexington to Newberry and connected with the college there. 
Dr. Theophilus Stork had become president of the school in 1858 and 
the next year he succeeded in getting his friend, Dr. Brown, to take 
up the professorship of theology and ancient languages. The following 
year, when Dr. Stork left for Baltimore, Dr. Brown became the presi- 
dent of Newberry College. But he did not remain long at Newberry. 
When the clouds of the Civil War began to gather on the horizon Dr. 
Brown expressed himself unequivocally against secession and in favor 
of the Union. Narrowly escaping personal violence, he fled with his 
family to York, Pennsylvania. That was in January, 1861. 


312 


DHRERACUE EY 


Dr. Brown was then appointed chaplain of the 87th regiment of 
Pennsylvania volunteers. In this service he continued until November 
15, 1862, when he resigned to become chaplain of the United States 
army hospital at York. Two years he served the cause of American 
Union and the cause of God’s Kingdom in this way. Then came the 
call to Gettysburg. 

Great interest centered in the selection of Dr. Schmucker’s successor 
as the professor of didactic theology and chairman of the Faculty in 
the Seminary at Gettysburg in 1864. When the Board elected Dr. 
Brown, some in the Church were disappointed. But that was not be- 
cause of any doubt concerning Dr. Brown’s ability. By his vigorous 
attack upon the Definite Platform, particularly in his treatise of 1857 
entitled “The New Theology,” he had established his reputation as an 
able theologian. Nor was the disappointment at his election due to any 
radical tendency in Brown’s doctrinal positions. It was due to the fact 
that the chair to which he was called in 1864 was so strategic a position 
that it had become involved in the disturbed current of ecclesiastical 
events and those who were contemplating the establishment of a rival 
Seminary could only have been deterred by the selection of another 
person than Brown, one occupying higher confessional ground. With 
Brown’s election, therefore, a new seminary was established and a 
breach was made in the ranks of the Gettysburg Seminary, its Board, 
its Faculty, its student body and its alumni. Such was the serious sit- 
uation that confronted Dr. Brown when he became the head of the Sem- 
inary in 1864, but under his judicious management the friends of the 
Seminary rallied to its support, the endowment was increased, the course 
of study was enlarged, and confidence in the school was completely re- 
stored, so that the number of students soon reached and passed the mark 
it had attained before the breach. 


He was elected president of the General Synod at the memorable con- 
vention at Fort Wayne in 1866. When, therefore, the division of that 
body took place and the General Council was formed he was the one 
man whose endowments qualified him to be the leader of the General 
Synod in the years of agitation that followed. Some of his most vig- 
orous writings came from his pen during those years of heated con- 
troversy and litigation when he stood forth always as the able cham- 
pion of the General Synod and of its Seminary at Gettysburg. 

The progress of the Seminary under the direction of Dr. Brown has 
been noted elsewhere in this volume. Suffice it here to say that he per- 
formed the duties of his responsible position with the greatest fidelity 
and success until December, 1879, when he was stricken with paralysis 
in the form of aphasia. The next June he tendered his resignation to 


313 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


the Board of Directors, but in the hope that he might recover the Board 
delayed accepting the resignation until June, 1881. Dr. Brown then 
removed with his family to Lancaster and here on June 19, 1882, he 
passed away. 

Dr. Brown’s was a bold, vivid personality. Those who knew him 
personally declare that he was born to be a commander of men. He 
secured his education by sheer.determination, and force of will charac- 
terized him throughout his life. As a preacher he was always clear, 
simple and direct. Both by nature and by experience he was apt to teach. 
He was impatient of obscurity or slovenly thinking and always taught 
his students to think accurately and to express themselves clearly. His 
own firmness and clarity of expression was a mighty factor in crystal- 
lizing the various elements in the General Synod after the breach in 
1866. Dr. Brown did not take strongly to the “mysteries” of the faith. 
This may have been a lingering heritage from his Quaker ancestry. 
But, doubtless, the chief influence of his ancestry must be found in a 
certain plain honesty, simplicity and purity of character, together with 
a blunt disdain of forms. He was a Lutheran from conviction and he 
knew how to make his convictions contagious; so that during his incum- 
bency at Gettysburg the Seminary sent forth a succession of young men 
who had a new view of the Lutheran Church, her theology, her spirit 


and genius, and of the work she had to do. 4 


In 1859, Pennsylvania College conferred on him the degree of Doc- 
tor of Divinity. Twenty years later, and just before his disability, the 
University at Wooster, Ohio, honored him with the degree of Doctor 
of Laws. 

Dr. Brown’s writings are found chiefly on the pages of The Evan- 
gelical Review and its successor, The Lutheran Quarterly. Forty-one 
extended articles from his pen may be read in these magazines. A few 
of his sermons and addresses appeared separately and in other period- 
icals. With Dr. Valentine he founded The Lutheran Quarterly in 1871 
and for nine years he was its editor, bringing it to high favor both 
within and outside the Lutheran Church. 

It was during his ministry in York, Pennsylvania, that Dr. Brown 
was married to Miss Mary E. Hay, daughter of Dr. Jacob Hay of that 
city. The marriage took place September 12, 1848. Mrs. Brown and 
nine children survived him. The children were: J. Hay Brown, Esquire, 
of Lancaster, afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penn- 
Sylvania; Sallie, wife of E. J. Cox, Esquire, of Gettysburg; Mary E., 
wife of R. M. Agnew, Esquire, of Lancaster; Nellie A., wife of S. S. 
B. Ramey, of Ramey, Pennsylvania; Carrie, wife of J. Frank Graff, of 
Grand Rapids, Michigan; James Allen, Jr., J. William, Lucy and Nona. 


314 


oT BL Ge aN GAIL Tey, 


CHARLES FREDERICK SCHAEFFER, D.D. Dr. Schaeffer, the seventh 
in the line of professors at the Seminary, was born September 3, 1807, 
at Germantown, Pennsylvania. He was the youngest son of Rev. Dr. 
Frederick David and Rosina (Rosenmiller ) 
Schaeffer. His father was at that time pas- 
tor of St. Michael’s in Germantown, but 
soon afterwards became pastor of St. 
Michael’s and Zion’s Church, in Philadelphia. 

It was in Zion’s Church of Philadelphia 
that Charles Frederick Schaeffer was con- 
firmed and in the parochial school of that 
church he received his early training. His 
collegiate studies were pursued at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, where he graduated 
in 1827. All three of his older brothers were 
ministers and he never had a thought of any 
other calling for himself. David Frederick 
was the esteemed pastor at Frederick, Mary- 
land. Frederick Solomon had died in 1815 as pastor at Hagerstown, Mary- 
land. And Frederick Christian had become a prominent preacher in New 
York City. Young Charles Frederick studied theology privately, partly 
under the direction of his father, but chiefly under the direction of Dr. 
Charles R. Demme, who had married his sister and who was the adjunct 
pastor of St. Michael’s and Zion’s. His studies completed, he went to 
Frederick to help his oldest brother. Here he was licensed by the Synod 
of Maryland and Virginia in 1829. For some months he assisted his 
brother Christian in New York. 

In 1830 he assumed his first pastoral charge. This was at Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania. Here he had the care of four congregations. He was 
ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1831. While resident at 
Carlisle he was married, August 27, 1832, by Dr. Hazelius, to Susanna 
Schmucker, the sister of Dr. S. S. Schmucker. After nearly four years 
of service in Carlisle he removed to Hagerstown, where he was pastor 
from 1834 to 1840. 

Then began his career as a teacher. He had become known as a 
diligent student and a successful pastor and preacher. Accordingly, upon 
the death of Rev. William Schmidt, the young professor of the newly 
established Theological Seminary of the Ohio Synod at Columbus, Ohio, 
Dr. Schaeffer was called in 1840 to take up that work. He accepted and 
not only had charge of the entire course of theological instruction in 
German and English, but was also pastor of the Lutheran congregation 
in the town. Three years later, on account of difficulties with German 
pastors and interests he left the Seminary and accepted a call to the 
congregation at Lancaster, Ohio. Two years were spent in this pas- 


a1 





Dr. SCHAEFFER 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


torate and then six years as pastor at Red Hook, in Dutchess County, 
New York. While at Red Hook he received the honorary degree of 
Doctor of Divinity from Perinsylvania College at Gettysburg. In 1851 
he became pastor of St. John’s, at Easton, Pennsylvania. 

At the suggestion of the Trustees of the College at Gettysburg, the 
Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1851 decided to establish a professor- 
ship of German language and literature at the College, retaining the 
right always to name the incumbent. By the year 1854 sufficient funds 
had been gathered to begin the work of the chair. Dr. W. J. Mann was 
chosen by the Synod, but declined the position. The next year the Min- 
isterium nominated Dr. C. F. Schaeffer, at the same time obligating 
the professor to divide his time equally between the College and the 
Seminary. Dr. Schaeffer was unanimously elected by the Seminary 
Board. He accepted the call, removed from Easton to Gettysburg in 
1856, and was inaugurated “German Theological Professor” in the 
Seminary. His instructions were very explicit that he should teach the 
elements of the German language and literature in the College and the 
various theological branches in the German tongue in the Seminary. This 
arrangement caused a separation of the Seminary students into two dis- 
tinct groups, according to the language they preferred, and there was 
much friction and difficulty in arranging the schedule of studies. But 
Dr. Schaeffer’s presence at Gettysburg gave great impetus to the study 
of German and opened to many a student a channel of approach to 
the study of Lutheran theology that would otherwise have been closed. 

When the division of the General Synod took place in 1864 the 
Pennsylvania Ministerium removed its professor from Gettysburg and 
called him to be the chairman of the Faculty of the new theological 
seminary in Philadelphia. The Gettysburg Board expressed its serious 
disapproval of the manner of his withdrawal from their Faculty. In 
Philadelphia Dr. Schaeffer served his happiest and longest term of ser- 
vice, continuing in his influential position at the head of that seminary 
until the day of his death, November 23, 1879. Like Dr. Hazelius, he 
had been a member of the faculties of three Lutheran seminaries. 

As a preacher Dr. Schaeffer held a very high place, but he excelled 
as a teacher. He was a conservative Lutheran and his conservatism in 
his views of truth was impressed on his students. He translated 
“Kurtz’s Manual of Sacred History,” 1885; “Luther’s Small Catechism,” 
1856; ‘“Lechler’s Commentary on Acts” (in the Lange series); and 
“Arndt’s True Christianity,’ 1868. His “Commentary on Matthew” 
(condensed by his son-in-law, Rev. Reuben Hill, D.D.) was published 
after his death as volumes one and two of the “Lutheran Commentary,” 
1895. He also published numerous translated and original articles in 
the Evangelical Review and in the Bibliotheca Sacra, and various ser- 
mons and addresses. 


316 


DHECPA CULAW 


MILTON VALENTINE, D.D., LL.D. Early in the critical period of the 
Seminary’s life that followed upon the breach in the General Synod 
and the establishment of a new seminary in Philadelphia, there came 
to the Faculty a man who was destined to 
spend just forty years, or one-half of his 
life, with the institutions there, though only 
twenty-one of those forty years were to be 
spent in active connection with the Semi- 
nary. This was Milton Valentine, beloved 
as a Christian gentleman and distinguished 
as a preacher, a teacher and a theologian. 

Dr. Valentine was born January 1, 1825, 
the son of Jacob and Rebecca Valentine. His 
birthplace was near Uniontown, in Carroll 
County, Maryland, only a few miles south 
of Gettysburg. His early years were spent A 
on his father’s farm. At the Taneytown pe rere 
Academy he prepared for college. He gave 
immediate evidence of intensive industry as a student. He entered the 
College at Gettysburg in 1846 and graduated in 1850. His pastor, Rev. 
Solomon Sentman, lent him the funds for his support while in College. 
He was easily the leader among his fellow-students. 

Upon his graduation from the College he entered the Seminary, at 
the same time serving as a tutor in the Preparatory Department of the 
College. He graduated from the Seminary in 1852 and was licensed by 
the Maryland Synod. 

His first work in the ministry was at Winchester, Virginia. Here 
for nearly a year he supplied the pastorate of Dr. Charles Porterfield 
Krauth during his absence in the West Indies. The next year, 1853-54, 
he labored as a missionary pastor under Dr. Passavant at Allegheny. 
Then he became the regular pastor at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and so 
a member of the Pittsburgh Synod. A year later he resigned the pas- 
torate, owing to throat trouble, and took charge of Emmaus Institute, at 
Middletown, Pennsylvania. For four years he remained at Middletown. 
In 1859 he resumed pastoral duties and took charge of St. Matthew’s 
Lutheran Church in Reading. At Reading he ministered with conspic- 
uous success for seven years, and this was his only pastorate of any 
length. 

When Dr. Schaeffer withdrew from the Faculty of the Seminary 
and became the head of a new theological seminary, the Gettysburg 
Board proceeded not only to fill the vacancy but also to enlarge the 
‘Faculty by adding a fourth professor. This “energetic action,” it was 
felt, was required by “the wants of the Institution and the necessities 
of the Church.” The two men then elected to the Faculty were Dr. 


317 





HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Valentine and Dr. Hay. Dr. Valentine took charge in the spring of 
1866 as “Professor of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History.” After he 
had served only two years in this capacity, the presidency of the Col- 
lege was made vacant by the death of Dr. H. L. Baugher. The College 
Board unanimously elected him president of the College. At first he de- 
clined the call, because his work at the Seminary was very congenial 
and his relations with Drs. Brown and Hay very happy; but when the 
call was repeated and urged upon him, he accepted and began his work 
as president in 1868. 

For five years after taking charge at the College, Dr. Valentine 
continued to instruct several hours each week at the Seminary, but in 
1872 the College Board insisted upon his release from all duties at the 
Seminary. The next year the Seminary Board elected him to the third 
professorship in full. He was disposed to accept the call and sent his 
resignation to the Trustees of the College. But he was afterwards in- 
duced to withdraw his resignation and continue as president of the Col- 
lege. However, his deep interest in the Seminary never abated, and 
during the incapacity of Dr. Brown, 1879-81, he was induced again to 
teach two hours a week in the Seminary. 

For sixteen years. Dr. Valentine served as head of the College. 
They were years of great internal growth. But Dr. Valentine was espe- 
cially talented as a scholar and teacher rather than as an executive and 
administrator. Those who went through the College during his admin- 
istration remember him as a sympathetic friend and pastor of the stu- 
dents, as a faithful and painstaking teacher, as a thoughtful and ornate 
preacher, but chiefly as a scholar of gentle and retiring disposition, 
studious habits, varied reading and untiring industry. 

When, therefore, the Seminary in 1884 was called to mourn the pre- 
mature death of Dr. Charles A. Stork and needed a new professor of 
systematic theology, all eyes turned to Dr. Valentine, as the man best 
qualified to fill the place. He had abundantly proved his fitness for this 
great responsibility by his two years of regular service as a professor 
and by seven years of special work as an instructor in the Seminary. 
Accordingly, he was unanimously and enthusiastically elected by the 
Board and at once accepted the call. In September, 1884, he entered 
upon his long period of distinguished service to the Seminary, as a 
worthy successor to Schmucker, Brown and Stork. It was the period of 
his greatest usefulness to the Church. During this part of his life he 
was easily the chief leader of theological thought in the General Synod. 
Successive generations of students that passed under his instruction in 
the class-room testify with enthusiasm to the deep inspiration they 
gathered from him as.a teacher. All who came into touch with him 
were impressed with his unfailing courtesy, his gentleness, and his saint- 
liness. For nineteen years he filled this position of responsibility in the 


318 


ee Ve TX: 


Seminary, and then in 1993, because of the increasing infirmities of age 
and particularly his impaired hearing, he retired from the teacher’s chaiz 
and as professor emeritus of didactic theology gave himself entirely to 
writing. After a very brief illness he passed away on Febzuary 7, 1906. 

With his pen also Dr. Valentine accomplished a great service for the 
Seminary and for the Church. It would be impossible here to recount 
his contributions to papers, magazines, reviews, encyclopedias, and 
learned publications of various sorts. With Dr. Brown he established 
the Lutheran Quarterly in 1871, and for thirty-four years he was active 
in its publication, either as chief editor or as associate editor. In addi- 
tion to these incessant contributions to current theological literature he 
was the author of four separate works. His volume on “Natural The- 
ology” (1885) was the outgrowth of his class-room work in the Col- 
lege. It was very cordially received and came to be widely used as a 
College text-book. His work on “Theological Ethics” (1897) was also 
the deposit of the class-room lectures. A book of sermons entitled 
“Christian Faith and Life” (1898) has furnished the models for many 
a Lutheran preacher. But his greatest work was published posthumously 
and edited by his son, Dr. M. H. Valentine. It is called “Christian The- 
ology” (1907) and consists of two stout volumes. It was the first 
original and complete treatise on systematic theology from the Luth- 
eran standpoint in the English language. 

Dr. Valentine was a theologian. He not only taught theology but 
himself theologized. He was conservative in temper, training and con- 
viction, and this was reflected in his theology. He proceeded from the 
principle of justification by faith alone and in his theologizing gathered 
every article of the Christian system around this formative and vital 
center. The department for which he probably had the greatest taste 
was apologetics. It was his special calling to testify to the reality of 
the Christian faith and to meet the arguments of current skepticism with 
a treatment that thoroughly exposed their fallacies. He was a stout 
advocate of the General Synod type of Lutheranism in America and 
never looked with favor on any tendency to approach the stricter con- 
fessional position of the General Council. Numerous articles in the 
Lutheran Quarterly testify to his profound convictions and earnest zeal 
in this matter. 

If we take the College and the Seminary together, it may be said of 
Dr. Milton Valentine that in the number of his years as well as the 
prominence of his position he stands first and foremost in the entire 
corps of educators who have made the scholarship of Gettysburg what 
Tiss 

Dr. Valentine was married December 18, 1855, to Miss Margaret G. 
Galt of Taneytown, Maryland. They had four children, Rev. M. H. 
Valentine, D.D., Sterling G. Valentine, Ph.D., Mrs. Edgar Grim Miller 


319 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


and Mrs. Henry Siegrist. In 1866 he received the honorary degree of 
Doctor of Divinity from Gettysburg College. Twenty years later he 
received the further honor of a Doctorate of Laws from Wittenberg 


College. 


EDMUND JACOB WOLF, D.D., LL.D. Dr. Wolf was born in Brush Val- 
ley near Rebersburg, Center County, Pennsylvania, on December 8, 
1840. His parents were Jacob Wolf and Mary Gast. His early years 

were spent on the farm where he was born. 

After the usual course in the public school, he 

attended academies at Aaronsburg and Mifflin- 

burg. Left fatherless at twelve, he was thrown 
upon his own resources for securing his edu- 
cation. To fit himself for college, as well as 
to secure funds, he taught for a few years in 
the academy at Bellefonte. Then in 1860 he 
entered the sophomore class in Gettysburg Col- 

lege, graduating with the highest honor in 1863. 

He enlisted with the company of students that 

offered themselves for service at the time of 

Lee’s invasion of Pennsylvania and served dur- 

ing the emergency as a non-commissioned officer 

in the 26th Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia. 

Near the close of his college course he formed the purpose of enter- 
ing the ministry. Accordingly, he entered the Seminary at Gettysburg 
in the fall of 1863. A year later he went to Germany and spent two 
semesters studying theology at the Universities of Tuebingen and Er- 
langen. Licensed by the East Pennsylvania Synod in 1865, he accepted 
a call to the Paradise (or Turbotville) charge in Northumberland 
‘County, Pennsylvania. Here he had the great benefit of the counsel of 
the venerable Jacob Albert, who was living in retirement at Turbot- 
ville. Here, too, he had the care of four congregations, widely sep- 
arated, each requiring ministration in both English and German. So 
the call to the Second Lutheran Church in Baltimore in 1868 was gladly 
accepted, and for six years he labored in the big city. 

Then came the call to the Seminary at Gettysburg. As early as 1871 
he had been elected to the chair vacated by Dr. Valentine three years 
before, but he had declined the call. Other men were chosen: Dr. 
Sprecher, Dr. Valentine, Dr. L. E. Albert. Each in turn declined. 
Finally at a special meeting of the Seminary Board in December, 1873, 
Dr. Wolf was elected.again, and this time he was prevailed on to accept. 
He removed to Gettysburg in 1874 and for the remaining thirty years 
of his life gave his best efforts to the work of preparing young men 
for the Gospel ministry. 





Dr. WoLr 


320 


SEH ACU Lay 


When Dr. Wolf was called to the Seminary Faculty his department 
was denominated “The Third Chair” or “The Chair of History.” Dur- 
ing his incumbency, however, it soon developed into a chair of “‘Eccles- 
iastical History and New Testament Exegesis.” This title indicates 
the two lines of Dr. Wolf’s special studies as a professor. He was a 
- forceful and prolific writer. For eighteen years (1880-1897) he was 
associate editor of the Lutheran Quarterly. The contributions of his 
pen are found not only in the journals of his own Church but also in 
other religious and theological periodicals and encyclopedias. His first 
and best known volume was his “Lutherans in America” (1889). It 
rendered most important service in making our Church known in this 
country and informing the various parts of the Church of their his- 
torical relations. At the same time it established Dr. Wolf’s reputation 
as an attractive writer. His next book was the volume in the Lutheran 
Commentary covering the “Pastoral Epistles and Hebrews” (1897). 
It was one of the most worthy contributions to that series and thousands 
have been edified and instructed by its pages. Just before his death ap- 
peared a large volume of more than 900 pages entitled “An Exposition 
of the Gospels of the Church Year on the Basis of Nebe” (1900). 
Posthumously there was published a volume of his sermons, addresses 
and articles, entitled “The Higher Rock” (1905). If his scattered con- 
tributions to reviews, encyclopedias, and church papers were brought 
together, they would fill several additional volumes. 

Dr. Wolf was always active in the general work of the Church. 
He was often called to serve on important committees in district 
synods, and in the General Synod. He was a loyal member of the 
General Synod, but his wide contacts with men and especially his his- 
torical point of view gave him a better understanding and more sense 
of fellowship with Lutherans outside of the General Synod than most 
of his colleagues had. He was known as one of the more conservative 
men in the General Synod, conservative both in his theology and in his 
ecclesiasticism, and this at times involved him in spirited controversy 
with his colleagues at Gettysburg. He was chairman of the Joint 
Committee of the General Synod, the General Council and the United 
Synod South that made the Common Service and afterwards prepared 
the book of Ministerial Acts. He several times represented the Lutheran 
Church on inter-denominational committees. He was one of the most 
widely known Lutheran clergymen in America and was always in de- 
mand as preacher and lecturer. At the meeting of the General Synod 
that preceded his death he was elected to the presidency of that body, 
and he is said to have prized that honor above all others that came 
to him. 

The chief fruit of Dr. Wolf’s labors, however, must be found not 
in his work as preacher, nor in his work as author, nor in his work 


321 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


as churchman. It must be found in his work as teacher, He was a 
teacher in the Seminary during the period when it had its largest num- 
ber of students. Not less than five hundred candidates for the ministry 
came under his tutelage during the thirty years of his work as pro- 
fessor. Not one of them failed to feel the molding influence that he 
exerted from the teacher’s chair. A life-long student himself and al- 
ways exceedingly diligent in his preparation for the class-room, he was 
a source of deep inspiration to those who sat at his feet. A forceful 
personality, firm in his convictions, incisive and often pungent in his 
language, he made an indelible impress upon his students. The writer 
of these lines, though he sat under Dr. Wolf’s teaching only for the 
four months preceding his death, gladly acknowledges him the most in- 
spiring teacher of the many he has had. 

Dr. Wolf was a member of several learned societies and received 
various academic honors. Franklin and Marshall College bestowed upon 
him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1876, and Wittenberg College 
the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1901. 

In December, 1865, immediately after his first call to a pastorate, 
Dr. Wolf was happily married to Miss Ella Kemp of Edgehill, Mary- 
land. Their home in Gettysburg as elsewhere was noted for its air of 
culture and hospitality. Six of their children were called from earth 
during Dr. Wolf’s life-time and his heart bent low in mourning. He 
himself was cut off from his labors for his Church and his Seminary 
while still in the height of his usefulness and vigor. He died on Jan- 
uary 10, 1905, deeply mourned by the Seminary community and by the 
entire Church. He was survived by Mrs. Wolf, one son, Robbin B. 
Wolf, Esquire, and two daughters, Mrs. Huber Gray Buehler, and Mrs. 
Warren Hoysradt. 


CHARLES AUGUSTUS STORK, D.D. Dr. Charles A. Stork was the third 
of that name in the ministry of the Lutheran Church in this country. 
His grandfather, Charles Augustus Stork (Storch) came from Germany 
in 1788. He was noted for his fervent piety and his great activity in 
the ministry. He was one of the organizers and the first president of 
the North Carolina Synod in 1803. The father of the subject of our 
sketch was Theophilus Stork. He occupied prominent positions in the 
ministry, particularly at St. Matthew’s in Philadelphia, as president at 
Newberry, and at St. Mark’s in Baltimore. Thus worthily descended, 
Charles A. Stork added new luster to the honored name of his fathers. 
It is greatly to be regretted that his years were cut so short and that only 
two of them could be devoted directly to the work of our Seminary. 

Dr. Stork was born September 4, 1838, at the home of his maternal 
grandfather, William Lynch, Esq., near Jefferson, Frederick County, 
Maryland. His father, Theophilus Stork, was then pastor at Winchester, 


322 


PD Ae ERY 


Virginia. His mother was Mary Jane Lynch Stork. When Charles 
was three years old his father was called to Philadelphia and there he 
spent his early boyhood. At the age of 1A 

eight he was sent to a school kept by Rev. ee: Pm» 
Lewis Eichelberger at Winchester. Here he ; 
received the rudiments of his education. 
While yet a mere lad of thirteen he was 
entered as a pupil in the preparatory acad- 
emy at Gettysburg. But the next year, 
1852, his father removed him from the Get- 
tysburg school and sent him with some other 
Philadelphia boys to Hartwick Seminary in 
New York, where the classical department 
at that time was conducted by Dr. G. B. 
Miller. Here he remained for two years, 
boarding in the family of Dr. Miller, and 
here in December, 1853, at a cottage prayer- 
meeting, he was converted to Christ and joined the Lutheran Church. 

His college course he took at Williams College. Here, as at Hart- 
wick, he gave clear evidence of very unusual qualities of mind and heart. 
His room-mate at college was James A. Garfield. Under the influence 
of the deep religious interest prevailing at Williams, young Stork decided 
to study for the ministry. Accordingly, upon his graduation from the 
College in 1857 he went to Andover Seminary. He was a very diligent 
student and a voluminous reader, and he completed the course at And- 
over in 1859, being only twenty-one years old. 

At this time Theophilus Stork became the president of Newberry 
college. He took Charles along as professor of Greek. The young 
man had been a hard student of languages for years and was thoroughly 
familiar with them. But the sojourn in Newberry was very brief. The 
outbreak of the Civil War compelled the Northern professors to leave 
the South. Young Stork’s eyes had been injured by hard study and he 
was incuced to go to Berlin for special treatment. Six months later he 
returned, completely cured, and then for some months served as pastor 
of St. James’ Lutheran Mission in Philadelphia. In 1862 he was called 
to be his father’s assistant at St. Mark’s in Baltimore. His duties were 
not heavy and he spent most of his time during the next three years 
in reading and study. When his father resigned the pastorate in 1865 
and returned to Philadelphia, Charles was at once chosen as his suc- 
cessor, and as full pastor of St. Mark’s, Baltimore, he served for 
seventeen years. He soon gained a high reputation as an able preacher 
and a conscientious pastor. He was rather studious and scholarly than 
sociable, but his fervent piety and his profound intellect gained for him 
the affection and admiration of all his people. 


323 





Dr. StTorK 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


One year after he had become full pastor in Baltimore, he was 
elected to the Graeff Professorship of English Language and Literature 
in the College at Gettysburg, but he promptly declined the call. However, 
his colleagues in the ministry regarded him as specially qualified to teach, 
and in 1868 he was elected to the professorship in the Seminary made 
vacant by Dr. Valentine’s resignation. He was asked to teach New 
Testament exegesis and Church history. But again, after some consid- 
eration, he decided to remain in the pastorate. For some weeks during 
the winter of 1873-74, he delivered a course of lectures on history to 
the Seminary students, spending several days each week in Gettysburg. 

During his pastorate at St. Mark’s, however, he was disabled by 
a disease of the throat to which he seems to have been predisposed by 
inheritance from his father. His physician insisted that he suspend his 
preaching and spend a winter abroad. In 1874 he went to Europe and 
spent nearly a year there, chiefly in Egypt. He returned to his pulpit 
in Baltimore, greatly relieved but not entirely cured. The old malady 
returned and for weeks in succession he was obliged to be absent from 
his pulpit. During these periods he wrote articles for the church papers 
and reviews, and the scholarly character of these writings won him much 
applause. 

When the chair of didactic theology at the Gettysburg Seminary was 
vacated by the resignation of Dr. Brown in 1881, Dr. Stork was again 
called to that Faculty, this time to teach systematic theology and to be 
the head of the school. He was constrained to accept the call and 
entered on his new duties in October, 1881. His inaugural address on 
“Advance in Theology” clearly indicated the Christocentric character 
of his theologizing, and at the same time marked him as belonging to 
the General Synod type of Lutheranism. He delighted his students with 
his methods and impressed them all with his intellectual power, but he 
had scarcely more than settled into the routine of the new work when 
the throat trouble again assumed a serious form, and from time to time 
he was disabled from lecturing to his classes. After less than two years 
in the service of the Seminary he was compelled to abandon the work 
entirely. Change of atmosphere, medical attention, rest—all proved 
unavailing. The end came quickly and he passed away in Philadelphia, 
December 17, 1883, at the early age of forty-five. It was a matter of 
profound grief to the students and Directors and all the friends of the 
Seminary that such eminent talents could not be used in the service of 
the Seminary for a longer period. 

Dr. Stork was married in 1862, shortly after his settlement in Balti- 
more, to Miss Maria H. Ellis of Andover, Massachusetts. Two of 
their children died in childhood and two of them, a son and a daughter, 
survived Dr. Stork. The College at Gettysburg conferred on him the 
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1874. 


324 


LHe FACUL LY 


JAMES WILLIAM RICHARD, D.D., LL.D. Until 1888 the Faculty of the 
Seminary consisted of three professors, but that year a committee of 
the Board of Directors, with Dr. F. W. Conrad as chairman, reported 
that sufficient funds had been secured to 
maintain a fourth professor. Accordingly the 
Board proceeded to elect an additional pro- 
fessor and Dr. J. W. Richard of Spring- 
field, Ohio, was chosen. He entered upon 
his duties in January, 1889, as “Elizabeth 
G-aff Professor of Homiletics and Ecclesi- 
astical Theology,’ and for twenty years he 
was one of the most dynamic personalities 
connected with the institution. 

Dr. Richard was born near Winchester, 
Virginia, February 14, 1843. His ancestors 
were frontier German farmers. His father, 
Henry P. Richard, and his mother, Margaret Dr. RICHARD 
Rosenberger, were strong personalities and 
in spite of their surroundings were outspoken in their opposition to seces- 
sion from the Union. James William as a boy was strong of body, in- 
dependent in thought, and devoutly religious. He soon showed a love 
for study and early dedicated himself to the ministry. At the age of 
eighteen he went to Roanoke College, where he spent the academic 
year of 1861-2. The next year he studied under John Marvin in his 
private school at Winchester. Then he taught a year in the public 
school of Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia. In the fall 
of 1864 he resolved to go North to pursue his education. Flanking the 
armies, he reached the Potomac, crossed into Maryland, and taught near 
Hagerstown until the spring of 1865. Then he entered the freshman 
class at Gettysburg College, from which he graduated with the class of 
1868. Three years were then spent in the Gettysburg Seminary. Dur- 
ing a part of his Seminary course he served as tutor in the Preparatory 
Academy. Throughout his student career he gave abundant evidence 
of unusual zeal and capacity for study. 

He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1870. His first 
and only charge was at Empire, Illinois, where he began work in June, 
1871. He was ordained by the Northern Illinois Synod. After only two 
years in the pastorate he was called to Carthage College in 1873 as 
professor of Latin and history. This was the beginning of his long 
career as a teacher. During his ten years at Carthage he devoted much 
time also to the study of Church history and Greek. At the same time 
he began to take an active part in the general work of the Church. In 
1879 he was secretary of the General Synod. 


S20 





HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


From. 1883 to 1885 he was secretary of the Board of Church Ex- 
tension. This position necessitated much traveling. But Dr. Richard 
was specially qualified to teach, and in 1885 he took up professorial work 
again, this time as the Culler Professor of Sacred Philology at Witten- 
berg Seminary. From there he came to Gettysburg in 1889. He had 
now reached the full maturity of his powers and at Gettysburg he made 
his chief contributions to the Church. The degree of Doctor of Divinity 
was conferred on him by Gettysburg College in 1886, and that of Doc- 
tor of Laws by the same institution in 1903. 

Dr. Richard was an inspiring teacher, an indefatigable student, and 
a voluminous writer. His inaugural address dealt with the subject 
“The Christian Pulpit: Its Theme, Its End, and Its Purpose.” His 
interest in homiletics soon took a secondary place beside his interest 
in ecclesiastical theology, the other title of his chair. He had acquired 
great facility with Greek and Latin and German, and so was able to go 
to the sources of Lutheran theology. He was in constant close touch 
with German scholarship and made several trips to the Fatherland for 
the purpose of studying the sources and acquiring materials for study 
at home. For many years he was librarian of the Seminary Library and 
as such he procured a large number of rare and valuable works for our 
collection. The year before his death he announced to the Board of 
Directors that the Seminary Library, together with his private lib-ary, 
was the completest collection in America of literature on Lutheran 
historical and symbolical theology—one of the finest, indeed, in the 
whole world. His private library, since his death, has been incorporated 
in the Seminary Library. He mastered the subjects that he taught and 
consequently he spoke and wrote in tones of authority. His own rest- 
less industry and depth of research were the constant admiration ana 
inspiration of his students. His thoroughness and accuracy as a scholar 
received wide recognition not only within our own Church but also 
among other denominations. 

The correctness of his reasoning and his interpretation of facts was 
often disputed. The aggressiveness of his personality, his uncompromis- 
ing loyalty to his convictions, and the fact that the subjects he taught 
were frequently in debate, brought it about that he was deeply involved 
in the controversies of his times. He never feared to enter into debate, 
oral or written, with those who differed with him and during his last 
years he was easily the foremost among the defenders of the General 
Synod and her type of Lutheranism. Many spirited articles on this 
subject came from his facile pen. In liturgics he opposed both a barren 
non-liturgical service and an ultra-liturgical service. He fought vigor- 
ously against the Common Service as it was adopted by the general 
bodies. In symbolics he advocated the sufficiency of the Augsburg Con- 
fession which he styled “the symbol of Lutheran catholicity” and com- 


326 


THE BAGCUL TW, 


batted subscription to the Book of Concord, which he called “the symbol 
of Lutheran particularity.” These positions he championed with all the 
intensity of his nature, and naturally his air of militancy aroused antag- 
onisms against him. But his most spirited opponents would never ques- 
tion his depth of learning or his splendid and abiding contribution to 
American Lutheran scholarship. 

Dr. Richard wrote extensively. No less than sixty-five extended 
articles from his pen can be counted on the pages of the theological 
magazines from 1875 to 1909. Most of these are to be found in the 
Lutheran Quarterly, of which he was associate editor during the last ten 
years of his life. We mention as particularly worthy contributions his 
three articles on “Melanchthon and the Augsburg Confession” (1897-8), 
his four articles on ‘Luther and the Augsburg Confession” (1899-1900), 
his three articles on “The Formative Principle of Protestantism” (1902), 
his two articles on ‘The Doctrine of Justification in Its Relations” 
(1902-3), his three articles on “The Two Theologies of the Reforma- 
tion” (1903), and his five articles on “The Old Lutheran Doctrine of 
Free-Will” (1905, 1907). 

In addition to his contributions to periodical literature we have three 
volumes that he wrote. The first is his ‘Christian Worship: Its Prin- 
ciples and Forms.” This was written in conjunction with Dr. F. V. N. 
Painter. It appeared first in 1892 and in a second edition in 1908. It 
is a history of worship in the various parts of the Christian Church 
and a special analysis of Lutheran forms and movements in worship. 
His second volume is his “Philip Melanchthon, the Protestant Preceptor 
of Germany.” This appeared in 1898 as one of the volumes in Put- 
nam’s “Heroes of the Reformation.’ By some it has been pronounced 
the most scholarly volume in the series. His third separate volume was 
his “Confessional History of the Lutheran Church.” This was going 
through the press at the time of his death. It is his greatest work and 
the stately volume of more than six hundred pages embodies the chief 
results of many years of study on the subject. Unfortunately his sud- 
den death precluded the preparation of a bibliography, but the copious 
and learned footnotes indicate the wide extent of his research. 

Dr. Richard was twice married. On June 19, 1873, at Sterling, 
Illinois, he married Miss M. E. Tressler, daughter of the Colonel Tress- 
ler who founded the Orphans’ Home at Loysville, Pennsylvania. She 
died in 1889 at Gettysburg, shortly after he became a professor in the 
Seminary. In March, 1891, he married Miss Marie E. Coffinberry, of 
Constantine, Michigan, who survived him. 

His death on March 7, 1909, after an illness of less than a week, was 
the result of uremic poisoning. He was only sixty-six years old and 
was still in the full flush of his intellectual powers and his literary pro- 
ductiveness. His sudden and untime!y end, therefore, made a deep-felt 


327 


HISTORY. OF GETTYSBURG) SEMINARY 


gap not only in the Seminary Faculty but also in the aggressive forces 
of the Lutheran Church in general. 


THOMAS CHARLES BILLHEIMER, D.D. The twelfth name on the list 
of those who have served the Seminary as professors is that of Dr. 
Billheimer. He came to Gettysburg in 1893 as the successor of Dr. 

Hay and for eighteen years he filled the chair 
of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis. He 
will long be remembered by that generation of 
students as a patient drill-master of Hebrew 
and as a intimate friend and counsellor of the 
students. 

Thomas Charles Billheimer was born at 
Hellertown in Northampton County, Pennsyl- 
vania, October 11, 1842. His parents were 
Jesse Billheimer and Julia Ann Boehm. His 
father was a descendant of Christian Bill- 
heimer, who emigrated from Wuertemberg in 
1764. His mother was the granddaughter of 
Rev. John Philip Boehm, a minister of the Re- 
formed Church, who came from the city of 
Worms and arrived in America in 3721. By his mother, Thomas 
Charles was early dedicated to the Christian ministry. But she died 
when the boy was only eight years old, and he was reared by his 
maternal grandparents, who lived near Bethlehem. His boyhood he 
spent on a farm, attending a country school during the winter months. 
Then he was apprenticed to a stone-cutter at Washington, New Jersey, 
and while here he became conscious of the inner call to the ministry. 

His education was secured under great difficulty. He first took up 
his residence at Easton, Pennsylvania. There under the direction of the 
beloved Dr. Emanuel Greenwald he prepared for college. He entered 
Gettysburg College during the second term of the freshman year in 
1862. His college course was much interrupted by the Civil War. Dr. 
Billheimer was always an ardent patriot and already in 1863 as a col- 
lege student, when Lee invaded Pennsylvania, he enlisted with a number 
of his fellow students in the 26th Emergency Regiment of Pennsylvania 
Militia. He served as steward under the Christian Commission at City 
Point, Virginia, in 1864. Returning to college he graduated in 1865 with 
second honor and with the distinction of appointment as Greek orator. 
Two years were then spent in the Seminary at Gettysburg. Graduating 
from the Seminary in 1867 he was licensed by the East Pennsylvania 
Synod in the fall of that year and took up his first pastoral charge at 
Watsontown, Pennsylvania. He was ordained by the Susquehanna 


328 





Dr. BILLHEIMER 


THE FACULTY 


Synod, April 27, 1868. His record in the ministry was one of constant 
promotion. He was an eloquent preacher and a sound expositor of God's 
Word. He was also a faithful and sympathetic pastor and his amiabil- 
ity won him many friends wherever he lived. 

After little more than a year at Watsontown he accepted a call to 
Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Here he remained for six years. From 
1874 to 1877 he served as pastor of Messiah Lutheran Church in Alle- 
gheny, Pennsylvania. His last and longest pastorate was St. Matthew’s 
in Reading, where he ministered. from 1877 to 1893. Then came the 
call to Gettysburg Seminary. 

He had been active in the general work of the Church and had fre- 
quently represented his Synod at the meetings of the General Synod. 
He had delivered the annual address before the Alumni Association of 
the Seminary in 1881. His Alma Mater had made express recognition of 
his abilities in 1886 by bestowing on him the honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity. He had served for a number of years as a member of the 
Seminary Board of Directors and so was well acquainted with the needs 
of the institution. He had been the Holman Lecturer on the Augsburg 
Confession in 1890. He had attained eminence as a preacher and 
pastor and had continued his studies of Hebrew and Old Testament 
subjects. When, therefore, a successor to Dr. Hay was sought in 1893, 
the Directors chose Dr. Billheimer. 

Coming to Gettysburg in the fall of 1893 he filled the chair of 
Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis until 1911, when he retired because 
of the advancing infirmities of age. For nearly twelve years more he 
was professor emeritus. On February 10, 1923, at the ripe age of 
four-score years, he passed peacefully away. 

Dr. Billheimer was for eleven years (1898-1908) on the editorial 
staff of the Lutheran Quarterly, to which he made various contributions. 
For twenty years he was a member of the Board of Trustees of Gettys- 
burg College, and for twenty-three years a member of the Lutheran 
Board of Publication of the General Synod. He had visited Palestine 
and Egypt and was much sought after as a lecturer on those countries. 
He held the chaplaincy of the Fourth Regiment of the National Guard 
of Pennsylvania for twelve years and the chaplaincy of the Gettysburg 
Post of the Grand Army of the Republic for several terms. 

He was married December 31, 18677 to Miss Emma C. Ziegler, of 
York, Pennsylvania, daughter of Rev. Jacob Ziegler, former pastor of 
the Refozmed church in Gettysburg. Five sons were born to them. 
Mrs. Billheimer and three sons survive: the Rev. Stanley Billheimer, 
D.D., J. Edward Billheimer, and Prof. Albert Billheimer, Ph.D., pro- 
fessor of Greek in Gettysburg College. 

329 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


JOHN ALDEN SINGMASTER, D.D., LL.D. Dr. John Alden Singmaster, 
Henry Singmaster Professor of Systematic Theology and President of 
the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, passed peacefully to his eternal rest 

on Saturday morning, February 27, 1926. Though 

in his seventy-fourth year he was apparently in 
full vigor of health when on Monday night, 

February 22, he suffered an apoplectic seizure 

and never fully regained consciousness. 

Dr. Singmaster was born at Macung‘%e, Pa., 
August 31, 1852, the son of James Singmaster 
and his wife, Sarah Ann Mattern. On his 
father’s side he was descended from the Rev. 
Dr. Jacob Van Buskirk, who was_ probably 
the first Lutheran minister born in America. 
Family records show that one member of the 
Singmaster (formerly Zangmeister) family 
was a student under Martin Luther and Philip 
Melanchthon at Wittenberg. 

After attending the public schools at Macungie and the State Normal 
School at Millersville, Dr. Singmaster came to Gettysburg, graduating 
from the College in 1873 and from the Seminary in 1876. Ordained 
by the East Pennsylvania Synod in 1876, he served four pastorates: 
Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1876-1882; Lyons and Macungie, Pa., 1882-1886; 
Brooklyn, N. Y., 1887-1890; and St. Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1890-1909. 
For forty-eight years he was a member of the East Pennsylvania Synod, 
its President for three years (1897-1899) ; its Secretary for two years 
(1880-1881) ; and its Treasurer for three years (1893-1895); and free 
quently its representative in the General Synod. 

The Lutheran Church in general he served in many ways; as Presi- 
dent of the General Synod from 1915 to 1917; as a member of the com- 
mittee that prepared the constitution of the United Lutheran Church; 
as a member of thea Ways and Means Committee that planned the mer- 
ger of general bodies in 1918; as a member of the Common Service 
Committee for twenty-five years, and its chairman for twenty years; as 
a member of the Deaconess Board for several years; and as a member 
of the Board of Foreign Missions for twenty-five years. 

His most important work for the Church was done through his con- 
nection with the Seminary. He was an active member of the Board of 
Directors from 1894 until 1900, when he accepted a call to the newly 
established chair of Biblical Theology. For several years he was also 
the financial secretary of the institution. In 1903 he succeeded Dr. Val- 
entine as Professor of Systematic Theology and Chairman of the Fac- 
ulty, and three years later he was chosen the first President of the Sem- 
inary. In addition to his professorial and executive duties he was instru- 


330 





Dr. SINGMASTER 


DTHESRACULRY 


mental in raising about $300,000 for the payment of old debts, for the 
erection of new buildings and for endowment. 

Dr. Singmaster was active also in contributing to periodical Church 
literature. For twenty years (1891-1911) he wrote for the Lutheran 
Observer a weekly page of exegetical comments on the Sunday school 
lessons, a total of more than one thousand pages. He became one of 
the editors of the Lutheran Quarterly in 1905, its senior editor in 1909, 
and twenty-nine articles in that journal are from his pen. Since the for- 
mation of the United Lutheran Church he has been Chairman of. its 
Church Paper Committee and. has contributed a large number of book 
reviews to the Lutheran and the Lutheran Quarterly. 

In civic affairs also Dr. Singmaster found time to participate actively. 
In Allentown he organized the hospital and was president of its Board 
until his removal to Gettysburg. At Gettysburg he was the organizer 
and first president of the Civic Nursing Association and of the Annie 
M. Warner Hospital of Adams County. He was chairman of the local 
committee to plan for the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of 
the Battle of Gettysburg in 1913. 

From Gettysburg College he received the degree of Doctor of Divin- 
ity in 1894 and that of Doctor of Laws in 1920. He was a member 
of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity and an honorary charter member of 
the Iota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa at the College. 

This brief sketch outlines the busy life and abundant labors of a 
fruitful ministry of fifty years. Dr. Singmaster’s was a wide range of 
usefulness. The supply of ministers was the cause nearest his heart. 
His versatility afforded him many opportunities for service in the King- 
dom of God, and his untiring energy crowned his labors with much 
fruit. His deep faith in God made him an optimist concerning the 
future—the future of the Church which he loved and the future of 
the Seminary which he served so long and so well. 

Dr. Singmaster was most happy in his domestic life. He was mar- 
ried to Miss Caroline Hoopes at St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church, Phila- 
delphia, November 1, 1877. She survives him with five children: James 
Arthur Singmaster, of Bronxville, N. Y.; Elsie Singmaster Lewars, of 
Gettysburg; John Howard Singmaster, of Macungie, Pa.; Edmund 
Hoopes Singmaster, of Philadelphia; and Paul Singmaster, of Williams- 
port, Pa. He is also survived by four grandsons and a sister, Mrs. Ella 
S. Weaver, of Macungie. 


LUTHER KUHLMAN, D.D. Dr. Kuhlman was born at New Centerville, 
Somerset County, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1851, the son of Rev. 
J. Frederick and Louisa (Smith) Kuhlman. Having lost his mother in 
his infancy the impressionable years of childhood and youth were 
spent in the home of his paternal grandparents. 


331 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


He passed through the common schools and a normal school, and at the 
age of seventeen began to teach school in Somerset County. Then seven 
years were spent with his father, who was the 
home missionary of the Alleghany Synod in 
Nebraska. Three of these years were spent in 
teaching. Then for two years Dr. Kuhlman 
was a student in the University of Nebraska, 
of which he was a charter student. 

Dr. Kuhlman entered the freshman class of 
the College at Gettysburg in 1876 and grad- 
uated in 1879 as valedictorian of his class. His 
course in theology was taken at the Gettysburg 
Seminary under Drs. Brown, Hay, Wolf and 
Stork. 

He was licensed by the Alleghany Synod in 
1881 and ordained by the same body in 1882. 
He served the following pastorates: Jenners- 
town, Pennsylvania, 1882-1884; Second Lutheran Church in Baltimore, 
1884-1888 ; Frederick, Maryland, 1888-1903; and Boiling Springs, Penn- 
sylvania, 1920-1922. 

For thirteen years, from 1903 to 1916, Dr. Kuhlman filled the chair 
of Biblical theology at the Seminary. This position he resigned to be- 





Dr. KUHLMAN 


come the field secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions. For thirty- 
two years he had been a member of the Board of Foreign Missions and 
for nineteen years its president. As field secretary of that Board he 
labored for three years. 

In 1910 Dr. Kuhlman was chosen by the Board of Foreign Missions 
one of the four General Synod delegates to the World Missionary Con- 
ference at Edinburgh, Scotland. He took advantage of this opportunity 
to visit the principal Luther places in Germany, the chief missions of the 
Near East, and the main points of interest in the Holy Land and Egypt. 

Dr. Kuhlman was president of the Maryland Synod in 1892 and was 
always prominent in the work of that body and of the General Synod. 
He has been the secretary of the General Synod since 1922. He is an 
honorary member of the lota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa. 

In 1882, at Gettysburg, Dr. Kuhlman was united in marriage with 
Alice Louise Warren. Since 1922 they have been living in retirement at 
Gettysburg. 


MELANCHTHON COOVER, D.D., LL.D. Melanchthon Coover was born 
in Yoder Township, adjacent to Johnstown, Pennsylvania, March 26, 
332 


HEPA GU TY 


1861, the son of Jacob and Ann Margaret (Lindsay-Teeter) Coover. He 
served as a clerk and bookkeeper in the superintendent’s office of the 
Cambria Iron & Steel Company, 1874-1883. 

After private preparation under a tutor 
he entered Pennsylvania College in 1883 and 
was graduated with first honor in the class 
of 1887. He graduated from the Theolog- 
ical Seminary of the General Synod, Gettys- 
burg, 1890; was licensed to preach by the 
Alleghany Synod, 1889, and ordained by the 
East Pennsylvania Synod, 1890. He re- 
ceived the degree of Master of Arts from 
Gettysburg College in 1890, Doctor of D1- 
vinity from Franklin and Marshall College 
in 1905, Doctor of Laws from Gettysburg 
College in 1922; member of the Phi Gamma 
Delta fraternity, honorary member of the 
Iota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa and member of the So- 
ciety of Biblical Literature and Exegesis. 

He was married to Lucy May Moses, daughter of Andrew J. and 
Sarah Smith Moses, September 3, 1891. They have two children: Don- 
ald Bruce, graduate of Pennsylvania College in 1913, of University of 
Pennsylvania Medical Department in 1917, physician, New Cumberland, 
Pennsylvania; and Margaret Hoffman, graduate of Wilson College in 
1915, wife of Rev. Howard R. Gold, New Rochelle, New York. 

Dr. Coover served as tutor in (Stevens Hall) the Preparatory De- 
partment of Pennsylvania College 1887-1890; was pastor of St. Paul’s, 
Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 1890-1901; Christ (College) Church, Gettys- 
burg, Pennsylvania, 1901-1904; assistant professor to Dr. Eli H. Huber, 
Department of English Bible, Pennsylvania College, one semester 1904; 
full professor of the English Bible, and chaplain in same institution 
1904-1905; professor of New Testament exegesis and Church history in 
the Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, 1905-1916; professor of New 
Testament language, literature and theology in same institution, 1916 
to 1926; lecturer on the Holman Foundation of the Augsburg Confes- 
sion, Article XVIII, 1906; department editor of Current English Religious 
Thought, Lutheran Quarterly, 1901-1906; contributor of various articles 
to same magazine, 1900-1914; member of the Board of Directors of the 
Lutheran Publication Society of the General Synod, 1908-1915; member 
of the American Section of the International Sunday School Lesson 
Committee, 1908-1914; delegate to World’s International Sunday School 
Convention, 1913, Zurich, Switzerland; author of article on Liturgics of 
the Sunday School, in the Encyclopedia of Sunday Schools and Re- 
ligious Education; The Tempted Messiah; Peter’s Confession and Keys, 


333 





Dr. CoovER 


HISTORY’ OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1909, Lutheran Publication House; Quest and Query: A Book of Verse, 
Badger, the Gorham Press, Boston, 1924. 


JACOB ABRAHAM CLUTZ, D.D., LL.D. Dr. Clutz’s career embraces 
such a wide variety of usefulness, such a large number of responsible 
positions occupied, and such a long period of faithful service for the 

Lord, as would be difficult to parallel in the 

whole Lutheran Church in America. 

He was born January 5, 1848, in the 
southern part of Adams County, not far 
from Gettysburg, the son of Henry and 
Hannah (Buffington) Clutz. His education 
was begun in the public schools of his native 
county and during the winter of 1862-63 he 
attended a private academy in Taneytown. 
After two years in the Preparatory Depart- 
ment of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg 
and four years in the College itself, he grad- 
uated with the class of 1869. Three years 
later he graduated from the Seminary at 
Gettysburg, his class being the first to enjoy 
the advantages of the full three years’ course. He was licensed by the 
Maryland Synod in 1871 and ordained by the same body the next year. 

His first pastorate was Zion Lutheran Church at Newville, Penn- 
sylvania, where he remained only fifteen months. In October, 1873, 
he took charge of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church in Baltimore. This 
was then a mission church and Dr. Clutz was its first pastor. 

His active interest in the general body of Lutherans began in 1877, 
when he was a delegate to the General Synod at its meeting at Carth- 
age, Illinois. At this meeting the location of the Board of Foreign 
Missions was changed from New York to Baltimore, and Dr. Clutz was 
appointed as one of the members of the Board. When the new Board 
was organized he was elected its corresponding secretary, a position 
which was then equivalent to that of executive secretary. In this ca- 
pacity he served more than seven years, doing the work in connection 
with his pastoral work in St. Paul’s. 

As secretary of the Foreign Mission Board he took the initiative in 
the founding of the Lutheran Missionary Journal, which rendered such 
valuable service to the Church for so many years as the official organ 
of the benevolent boards of the Church. From 1883 to 1889 he served 
as editor of the Home Mission Department of this magazine. 

In 1873, when he first came to Baltimore, Dr. Clutz assisted also in 
the organizing of the Children’s Foreign Missionary Society, and served 
as its treasurer for a number of years, until the management was turned 


334 





Dre Cre Tz. 


He PACU al ye 


over to the Board of Foreign Missions itself. In this way he was partly 
instrumental in the sending of the Rev. Adam Rowe to India. 

In 1883 Dr. Clutz was elected general secretary of the Board of 
Home Missions, and to accept this office laid down the pastorate in 
Baltimore. As the head of the Home Mission Board he served for six 
years, that is, until August 1, 1889. Then he became the first president 
of Midland College at Atchison, Kansas. This same year his alma 
mater at Gettysburg honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divin- 
ity. He was president of Midland College for fifteen years, until Feb- 
ruary 1, 1904. He was chiefly instrumental in inducing the Board of 
Education to open in 1893 a theological department in connection with 
the College and he arranged the curriculum and presided over its in- 
terests in its infancy. Two years later this was expanded into the West- 
ern Theological Seminary, and Dr. Clutz served as professor of hom- 
iletics and Christian ethics in connection with his College duties until 
1904. During these ten years he also acted as supply pastor of a 
Lutheran Church at Moray, Kansas. 

At the meeting of the General Synod in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Dr. 
Clutz was honored with the presidency of that body. His wide acquaint- 
ance with the personnel of the Lutheran Church enabled him on that 
occasion to recognize by name every delegate of the General Synod. 
In those stressful days in the life of the Church his ability and tact 
enabled him to preside with dignity and eminent satisfaction to all. 

He resigned the presidency of Midland College on February 1, 1904, 
to become pastor of St. James Lutheran Church in Gettysburg. This 
large congregation he served until September 1, 1909, when he entered 
upon his duties as professor of practical theology in this Seminary. 
He became the successor of Dr. J. W. Richard not only in the pro- 
fessor’s chair but also as an editor of the Lutheran Quarterly. 

Soon after returning to the East, in the spring of 1904, Dr. Clutz 
was elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of Home Missions and here 
he continued to serve until that Board was merged. with the Board of 
Church Extension by the General Synod in 1915. During most of this 
time he was the treasurer of the Board and from 1913 to 1915 its 
president. 

In 1911 he was appointed a member of the General Synod’s Com- 
mittee on Common Service. Here he served until the merger in 1918 
and then he became a member of the Common Service Committee of the 
United Lutheran Church. As a member of this Committee and of the 
Joint Committee on the Common Service of the three general bodies 
he had a prominent part in the preparation of the new “Common Ser- 
vice Book and Hymnal’ and also of the common order of ministerial 
acts. 

Dr. Clutz also helped to formulate the new statement of the Doctrinal 


335 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Basis of the General Synod, and at a meeting of the General Synod at 
Richmond, Indiana, in 1909, it was he who offered the motion that pro- 
vided for such a restatement and thus made a substantial contribution 
to the necessary conditions for a United Lutheran Church. 

When in 1917 the movement was inaugurated to merge the Gen- 
eral Synod, the General Council, and the United Synod of the South, 
Dr. Clutz was appointed on the committee to frame a constitution for 
the proposed new body. At the next meeting of the General Synod 
in Chicago, in 1917, he was made a member of the General Synod’s 
Committee on Ways and Means, which co-operated with similar com- 
mittees from the other general bodies in making all arrangements for 
the merger. When the committees met for organization, Dr. Clutz was 
elected secretary of the Joint Committee. In this position he had a 
large and responsible part in the work which ended in the organization 
of the United Lutheran Church in America in 1918. Such was his ac- 
quaintance with the spirit and letter of the plans for merging that, at 
the Merger Convention in New York, he was appointed assistant to the 
secretary and president during that first convention. 

He was at once elected a member of the Executive Board of the 
new body, a position of unusual responsibility during those formative 
years in the life of the United Lutheran Church in America. This 
position he occupied until 1924, when he became constitutionally in- 
eligible to succeed himself. But in 1924 he was appointed a member 
of the important Commission of Ten to Study Theological Education 
in the United Lutheran Church, a member of the Committee on Ger- 
man Interests, and a member of the Larger Committee on the Lutheran 
World Convention. He was also one of the four delegates from the 
United Lutheran Church to the Universal Christian Conference on Life 
and Work which met at Stockholm in August, 1925. In this- last mis- 
sion for his Church he lost his life, an automobile accident in Stock- 
holm causing his death on September 5. 

It should also be mentioned that Dr. Clutz was for twenty years 
(1905-1925) a member of the Board of Trustees of Gettysburg Col- 
lege and most of this time a member of its Executive Committee. In 
1923, during the interim between two administrations, he was the act- 
ing president and responsible head of the College. Midland College 
honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1920. He was also 
a member of the lota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa. 

Dr. Clutz was married September 4, 1872, to Liberty Augusta Hol- 
linger, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, daughter of Jacob S. and Sarah 
Ann (Diehl) Hollinger. They had six children, five of whom, three 
sons and two daughters, are still living. The oldest son, Frank H. 
Clutz, Ph.D., is professor of civil engineering in Gettysburg College. 
The second son is a physician in Bendena, Kansas, and the other son is 
a farmer, also in Kansas. 336 


THE FACULTY 
Dr. Clutz published a number of pamphlets and wrote many articles 


for the Lutheran Quarterly and for other Church periodicals. He was 
also the author of two tracts that have been widely circulated in the 
churches by the Board of Church Extension. One of them, ‘Mrs. 
Brocht’s Confession,” passed the hundred thousand mark. 


HERBERT CHRISTIAN ALLEMAN, D.D. Herbert Christian Alleman 
was born May 13, 1868, at Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, the son of Rev. 
Benjamin F. Alleman, D.D., and Charlotte (Benson) Alleman. His 
boyhood was spent in Topeka (Kansas), 
Woodsboro (Maryland) and Shippensburg 
(Pennsylvania). 

He attended the public schools and the 
Cumberland Valley State Normal School, at 
Shippensburg, until April, 1882; Prepara- 
tory Department, Pennsylvania College, 
Gettysburg, 1882-83; Pennsylvania College, 
Gettysburg, 1883-87, classical course; Theo- 
logical Seminary, Reformed Church in the 
United States, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 
1888-89 ; Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, 
1889-91; courses in Semitics and archaeology 
in the University of Pennsyivania, 1966-11. Dr. ALLEMAN 

He received the following degrees: Bach- 
elor of Arts, from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 
1887; Master of Arts, from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Penn- 
sylvania, in 1890, in course; Doctor of Divinity, from Temple Uni- 
versity, Philadelphia, in 1908; Doctor of Divinity, from Gettysburg Col- 
lege, Gettysburg, in 1923. He is also a member of the American Society 
of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, a member of the American Oriental 
Society, and an honorary member of the Iota Chapter of Phi Beta 





Kappa. 

He was licensed by the East Pennsylvania Synod in 1890, and or- 
dained by the same body in 1891. 

Dr. Alleman served pastorates as follows: Trinity Lutheran Church, 
Chambersburg, 1891-96 (first pastor); Christ (College) Lutheran 
Church, Gettysburg, 1896-1900; Messiah Lutheran Church, Philadel- 
phia, 1900-1911. 

He served as director of the Tressler Orphans’ Home, Loysville, 
1898-1900; director and secretary of the Board of Directors of the 
Lutheran Publication Society of the General Synod, 1901-1911; member 
of the Board of Publication of the United Lutheran Church, 1925-_ ; 
member of the Common Service Committee of the General Synod, 


337 


HISTORY “OF GETPEYSBRURGASEMINARY 


1907-09 ; representative of the United Lutheran Church in the Advisory 
Council of the American Bible Society, 1920- 

As a teacher he has held the following appointments: principal of 
Jefferson Academy, Jefferson, Maryland, 1887-88; vice-principal of the 
Preparatory Department, Pennsylvania College, teaching English and 
Greek, 1890-91; professor of Hebrew and Old Testament literature and 
religion, Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, 1911- 

Among his writings are “The Gist of the Sermon (A Study of Ec- 
clesiastes),” 1905; “The Bible: A General Introduction,’ 1914; “Prayers 
for Boys,” 1925; articles and book-reviews in the Lutheran Observer, 
The Lutheran and The Lutheran Quarterly. 

Dr. Alleman was married on July 8, 1897, at Pawtucket, Rhode 
Island, to Julia Suesserott, daughter of Dr. Jacob L. and Julia (Smith) 
Suesserott. They have one son, Benson Suesserott Alleman. 


ABDEL ROSS WENTZ, Ph.D., D.D. Dr. Wentz was born at Black Rock, 
York Ccunty, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1883, the son of J. Valentine 
and Ellen (Tracy) Wentz. His childhood and youth were spent at 

Lineboro, Maryland. He prepared for college 

at the Franklin High School, Reistertown, 

Maryland. 

Graduating from the College at Gettysburg 
in 1904 and from the Seminary there in 1907, 
he continued his theological and_ historical 
studies in Germany. One year he spent at the 
University of Leipsic under such men as Ihmels 
and Hauck, one year at Berlin under Seeberg 
and Holl, and one year at Tuebingen under 
Schlatter and Mueller. 

For seven years he was professor of his- 
tory and English Bible in the College at Gettys- 

Dene burg. In 1916, when the curriculum at the 

Seminary was re-adjusted, he was called to the 
newly established chair of Church history. His doctorate of philosophy 
he received from George Washington University in 1914, and that of 
divinity from Gettysburg College in 1921. He is also an honorary mem- 
ber of the Iota Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. 

Dr. Wentz has published four books: “The Beginnings of the Ger- 
man Element in York County, Pennsylvania,’ 1916; “The History of 
the Maryland Synod,” 1920; “When Two Worlds Met,” 1921 and “The 
Lutheran Church in American History,” 1923. From 1910 to 1917 he 
contributed to each issue of the Lutheran Quarterly an article on “Cur- 
rent Theological Thought in Germany.” He is also a contributor to 
other periodicals and to encyclopedic works. 


338 





DABIrACUE TY 


He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in 1906 and ordained by 
that Synod upon his return from Europe in 1909. He was a member 
of the Board of Directors of the Publication Society of the General 
Synod, 1917-1918, and of the Board of Publication of the United Luth- 
eran Church, 1918-1924. In 1924 he became a member of the Executive 
Board of the United Lutheran Church. He was one of the American 
delegates to the Lutheran World Convention at Eisenach, Germany, in 
1923, and a member of the preparation committee of the Convention. 
He is a member of the American Society of Church History, the 
Pennsylvania German Society, curator of the Lutheran Historical So- 
ciety since 1913, and president of the Parent Education Society. 

Dr. Wentz was married in 1917 to Mary Edna Kuhlman of Ursina, 
Pennsylvania, daughter of Dr. Winfield S. and Martha (Walter) Kuhl- 
man. They have three children: Valentine, Frederick Kuhlman and 
Mary Louise. 


MICHAEL HADWIN FISCHER, Ph.D. Dr. Fischer was born at Ethel, 
Ontario, Canada, December 23, 1875, the son of Thomas and Agnes 
(Walker) Fischer. 

After elementary schooling at Concord, 
Ontario, and preparatory studies at Jame- 
son Avenue Collegiate Institute, he entered 
Susquehanna University at Selinsgrove, 
Pennsylvania, in 1898, graduating in 1902 
with highest honor and with the degree of 
A. B. Three years later he graduated from 
the Theological Department of Susquehanna 
with the degree of B. D. After four years 
of study with Illinois Wesleyan University, 
he received the degree of Ph.D. from that 
institution in 1910. 

Ordained by the Susquehanna Synod in 
1905 he served the following pastorates: Dr. FISCHER 
Grace Lutheran Church in Wilkes-Barre, 

Pennsylvania, 1905-1909, and St. Luke’s Lutheran Church in Williams- 
port, Pennsylvania, 1909-22. 

In 1922 he became the director of Christian Education for the Penn- 
sylvania State Sabbath School Association and in this pioneer position 
he remained until his call to the Seminary brought him to Gettysburg 
in September, 1925, . 

Dr. Fischer was secretary of the Susquehanna Synod, 1913-1917; a 
trustee of Tressler Orphans’ Home at Loysville, 1917-1922; a director 
of Susquehanna University, 1913-1922; a delegate to the General Synod 
in 1913 and to the United Lutheran Church in 1920; the organizer and 


339 





HISTORY. OF -GETTYSBURG SEMINARY, 


superintendent of the Williamsport School of Religious Education, 
1919-1922; and director of the Susquehanna Summer Assembly, 1920- 
1922. He is now a member of the Religious Education Association, a 
member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, a 
member of the Philadelphia County Committee on Religious Education, 
and secretary of the Publishing Committee of the International Journal 
of Religious Education. 

He has been a frequent contributor to religious and educational 
journels and has published a volume on “The Story of Jesus,” 1925. 

On August 9, 1905, at Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, Dr. Fischer was 
married to Minnie Alice Gortner, daughter of William J. and Mary A. 
Gortner. They have had four children: Alan Stuart, Marian Agnes, 
Hadwin Keith and Robert Harley. 


340) 


CEU NE TE Raat 
Tithe BOARD OuSDIREGLORS 


The Board of Directors is the ultimate authority in the Seminary. Its 
history is an integral part of the history of the school, and it has been 
woven into the general narrative of the preceding chapters. 


It will suffice here to indicate the officers and members during the hun- 
dred years. The first Board was chosen by the General Synod; thereafter 
the membership was selected by the district synods supporting the Sem- 
inary. We shall indicate the membership, therefore, according to the synods 
that were represented in it. 


The organization meeting of the Directors was held at Hagerstown, 
Maryland, March 2, 1826. After that all meetings were held at Gettysburg, 
with the following exceptions: an adjourned meeting at York, October 6, 
1828; an adjourned meeting at Hagerstown, Maryland, October 26, 1829; 
a meeting in connection with the General Synod in New York City, May 
15, 1848; and three special meetings at Harrisburg, one on March 3, 1925, 
one on December 15, 1925, and one on April 12, 1926. 


The meetings of the Board were held semi-annually until 1861; there- 
after annually. For lack of a quorum, however, no semi-annual meetings 
were held in the fall of 1835, 1836 and 1837, nor in the spring of 1852, 
1853, 1854, 1856, 1857 and 1860. Special meetings were convened as fol- 
lows: April 20, 1865; May 15, 1866; September 23, 1868; November 9, 
1871; August 6, 1873; December 2, 1873; March 17, 1884; June 22, 1893; 
August 1, 1893; May 31, 1894; June 15, 1910; March 3, 1925; December 
15, 1925, and April 12, 1926. 


OFFICERS OF THE BOARD 


PRESIDENTS 
Jucrarvochimucker, D.D...-.. 1526-590 pee EL Lockman: Dsl) Means 1856-57 
J. Winter, pro tem..... IS36CCADiS) » Wale. an WLofris, DL. Di4g1857-6 |b 
muy erochmans 1)... 1539-41 Can Aruliave |). ites Someta 1861-63 
SO DEAL Ot 1 ee 1841-44 FF. W. Conrad, D.D., LL.D....1863 
WiiGresVLotris, Di Ds. Li.Ds..1844-46 " A. H. Lochman, D.Din.. 3 1864-68 
mS IMO a Mba hd inl Soles 1846= Vitel. Baur) eae 1868-74 
emenaeornis, «45 1.184725)" “Leek, ‘Albert, ‘D:Di og.) 1874-77 
PE a eg B Be Bs grr 135 laS4 6 eh ce GOLWald, Lee eee eee 1877 


PPMMISEAC ove Cok. d's ative s 5 “aia 16o9-56 = Aas Llllyan DL) ane Geen 1878 
341 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


RUAS Fini ED Dee ele 1879-81 
CSA lbertbwDs tee ee 1881 
Matthias Sheeleigh, D.D....... 1882 
Fenty; bakerf#* Di D2 oe 1883-85 
LAS Getwald © DsDFe ee 1885 
TG sR illheimer 4D Dagizece 1886 
ES. Johnston, .)_ Dite eis 1887-89 
He ‘KiineLelten me tee ee oe 1889-91 
Wine eve 'Batimies seer, ae 1891-93 


My Gi Boyer:-D. Do. atte. bane 1893 
Wine Mie Baum) Dai eee 1894-98 _ 
John “Wagner,” D:Div ass 1898-1902 
Ts Wit Schwartz "4D ie 1902-04 
Ws At. Dunbar, 4D ieee 1904-09 
Be tDsaWeigles Dap oe ae 1909-18 
Me. Knee DD Sere eae 1918-25 
BH Dells DIDS se pe eee 1925 


NV Lee Russ Bio ESN Ti 


i) sloveschaetery DD. e eis. 1827-35 
ewhuris a scloly Saha 1835-38 
Pemiceller sD). aes eh 1838-40 
Fam PASC line spe: ss stveclsiteeae 1840 
Beniweller Li). ate eee 1841 
Pevaleeiler://1) Di: 9 age ate 1842-44 
Se VVe ortLar key asl ea ee ee 1844 
Hine shine ov ew o, eoet deere ee 1845 
Soe geblarkey at Lslse cee 1846-49 
ie) rich tee eine eae eee ne 1849 
Bie Kelle (iD oe ewes ets 1850-52 
Pre rich oth Cymer a anes 1852-54 
Soleimentmat we teen 1854-57 
tt ELC CL RE tar aa, eee ca eee 1857 
SOL Sentman ye sents ae eee 1858 
GPU sa rani Tepe el. lal es 
1859-60 
Ga A ass 0 DSP eo: 1860-61 
a VEO ele aPu Gi fade ee SS pee ie 1861-62 
AteH ee Vochman 4) Deena 1862 
NSS Jeaeelleman 1) Lear eee 1863 
Die laallauere ls ene ee 1864-66 


Pe. W mConrad gi) sal.L.De. eleuG 


George, Dieh Ni 102s. aca 1867 
CYA. Stork DD aie 1868-72 
Henry Bakers DA) ween 1872 
Luther E-Ailbert¢ D:D) .2e5 2 1873 
Re ASPink | Dip eee 1874 
Luther A. Gotwald, D.D....1875-77 
(A. i. Copenhavetias..is os se ee 1877 


R.A Pink DD Dies. aoe eee 1878 
Matthias Sheeleigh, D.D.... 
Peter Bergstresser, D.D.... 
Ls Gy Billheimer nD Dee 1883-86 


BSc Jonnstonjwe bse wae 1886 
Bei Kilinefelter tse ee 1887-89 
Peter Bergstresser, D.D....1889-91 
MaG. Boyer’ DD abe es 1891-93 
John “Wagner. DD 1893-98 
Ws Es:Parsony D:D; ) eee 1898 
J. W. Schwartz, D.D.....1899-1902 
Vactor= Miller, DD ieee 1902-11 
John. Wagner, \D.Dese 1911-23 
Hohe Delk iD Ditters as 1923-24 
Luther Kuhlman, D. Diesen 1925 


SECRETARIES 


ChaseyPhilip Krauth DDe 21826 
Jip ELerbstet aa: coat, inte oo) 1827-29 
John G.! Morris, D.D24LL.D. 


1829-37 
F. Ruthrauff, pro tem.1834 (Sept.) 
detOewald) Deen ee 1837-40 
J eeINe srloimatiia.e ecu 1840 (Apr.) 


S. W. Harkey, D.D., pro tem 

1840 (Sept.) 
Jo.N.: Hotimany satae oe 1841-44 
J. Oswald, D.D., pro tem 

1843 (Sept.) 
W. M. Reynolds, D.D., asst. sec. 

1843 (Sept.) 


342 


RHE BOARDSOPIDIRECTORS 


See @) 6) 66.6. Ve 


W..M. Reynolds, D.D 1844 
F. W. Conrad, D.D., LL.D..1845-47 
George Diehl, D.D., asst. sec. 

1846 (Sept.) 
John Heck 1847-53 
J. Few Smith, asst. sec. 1847 (Apr.) 
Augustus Babb., D.D., pro tem 

1849 (Sept.) 


Ctw..0.f 6) 6161's) a6, 10; 6 6! 60 a 


ea aha y Ls Ley, eae 2 
WV eae ary Shere. 1). ere, ay 
August C. Wedekind, D.D..1856-67 
E. Breidenbaugh 1867-96 
A. R.’Steck,; D.D 1896-1904 
M. Coover, D.D., LL.D... .1904-06 
Fi Gee Dicletiyek pete ies a, 1906-23 
FiseBseStocleviylst. (eases eo 


G0) 04 66 16 6am 


TREASURERS 


Charles A. Barnitz, York, Pa., 
1826-33 

Charles A. Morris, York Pa., 
1833-44 

Fred W. Smith, Chambersburg, 
PD Ciaete SeeN es Aste catch othe 1844-58 


D. K. Wunderlich, Chambers- 
BUTS re Page cee beeen cee ee 1858-64 
Daniel Kraber, York, Pa...1864-82 
C. S. Weiser, York, Pa. 1882-1907 
Citizens Trust Co., Gettysburg, 
Pate Pia oe. gee 1907- 


MARYLAND SYNOD (1826) 
CLERICAL 


Albert) Chas./5;,° .D?:4. 1888-1906 
Anspach, B> R3=~D.D., 
1854 (Sept.), 55 (Sept.), 56 (Sept.) 
ere VL cg tae eet eet 1905-09 
Bolumi7taeh 1): i12D:, 
1906, 08-12, 15-25 

Bergstresser, Peter, D.D., 

1873, 74, 80-84, 88-93 
Bishop, Henry, 
1859 (Sept.), 60, 61 (Sept.), 62, 63 


Bowers ohn: GC: D.D.....<. 1921-25 
(Bane iia Cag @ ann ere 1865 (Apr.) 
Ptoteem Ac Stee... sk we 1899-1903 


Butler, John George, D.D., 
1862-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 75-78, 1892-94 
Cline joun. P..1838,|. 39. CApr.), 

40-42 (Apr.), 43, 44 (Sept.) -46 
Conrad ct W..,..D,D. LE.D., 

1845, 46, 47 (Sept.), 48-50 (Apr.) 
Diehl, George F., D.D., 

1255’ =2(Sept.), -562¢Sept.),. 59 

(Sept.), 60 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.), 

62, 1863, 66, 67, 72-75, 86 

343 


Dunbare.W. Hs D.Ds 
1896-1910, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19 
Barnest a Ate 1873-77 
Eyster, W. F., D.D 1864, 65 
PATickel ss snl Jan. rlatere. 1837 (Apr.) 
Hr eacweVV he) 1900, 01 
Garland,’ D; D.D 1898, 99 
Hamma;ieW:., D:D) Lips 188s 
Harkey, Simeon ‘W., D.D., 
1839 (Apr), «40. (Sept), 741 
(Sept.), 42 (Sept.), 1843 (Sept.), 
44, 45 (Apr.), 46, 47 (Apr.), 48, 
1849 (Sept.), 50 (Apr.) 
Hennighausen, F., Ph.D., D.D., 
1871, 73 (Dec.), 74, 90, 92-93 
Heck, John, 1847, 48, 49 (Sept.), 
Bee 5152 FCS e pts Ma oALGSeDtA) 
1854e( Sept, = 058000 nA ao epty) 


ae Cab a 0) iene 40 


*@) 6:0 100 6 4 6 


58 (Sept.), 1859 (Sept.), 60 
(Sept. ) 
Hotiman. JonneN 4) fe 1831, 32, 40 


Holloway, H. C., D.D., 1876, 78, 79 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Johnston, Elias S., D.D., 
1876-78, 80, 82-88 
Keller, Ezra, D.D., 1841-43 (Apr.) 
Kuhlman, Luther, D.D., 1887-1903 
Kuhns, Henry W., D.D., ..1882-87 
Kraut, Ghasetehilip a Dave 
1826, 27 (Oct.), 28 (May) 
Wurtz, “Bemaming Dips LE. Ds 
1826 (Apr.), 1828-30 (May), 35 
(Apr.), 1838 (Sept.) 
Kourtze ee Daniels 3D 2: 
1826 (Sept.) -27 
Manns A.D); 
1879-81, 83, 84 (Mar.) 
Martin, J. 1861 (Sept.) 
Medtart, Jacob, 
1833 (Apr.), 34 (Sept.) 
Miller, George W., D.D. ..1902-06 
Miller, J. M., 
1880, 82, 94 (May), 96 
PreHyaie 
1898-1901, 04, 05 
Victore: Ds 
1885-88, 90-95, 97-1910 
Morris, >John tGis)D2Ds> BE De 
1829-31, 33, 34 (Apr.), 35 (Apr.), 
OOsseC ADE, 91840 =cCAnr) eal 
(Sept.), 42 (Sept.), 1842-45, 47- 
DO POS MOOEDE RO seo7a6 (Septsy= 
60, 61 (Sept.), 62, 65-67, 69, 70, 
1885-93, 95 


ao) 9 a be: @ 2a wpe 


Miller, 


Miller, 


Owe 5S) WGkD. Det eee 
1895, 96, 97, 99, 1901, 02, 03 
Parson W. E., D.D. ...:1896-1905 
Reck, Abraham, 
1831,232 -( May).,..33 Apr) 34 
(Apr.) 
Reinewald, Chas., D.D. ....1904-06 
Richardson, H. J., 1870, 71, 73, 74 
Roth, © O.7 Cts) eee ae 1895-98 
Rupp, 2Ulyssés252Gne De 
1911, 12, 14-17, 19-25 
>chaetfer,; Ghasych#=* D:D 1838 
ochacti ermeDi he ails 
1827 (Oct.)-31 (May), 33 
Scholl; “GeorversD eae ee 1882-84 
Sess, J SA Dy ese 
1854: (Sept); * 455, = Gent. 5 
( Sept.) 
Seniman sok; 1851952) (Septeyeas 
(Sept.), 54.7 (Sept) - 1855," 56a 
Sil. Geors ers ie eee 
oteckes Daniels Dib: 
stork, Ghasi Av ob D2 
1867-71, 76-78, 80 
Weidley, John, D.D. ..1925 (Dec.) 
Weiser, Reuben, D.D., 
1839 (Apr.), 40 
Williams, -JieR ae 1880, 82 
Winter, --John; “1835. CApr. 236 
(Apr), 32. “C Apres) 
Zimmerman, L. M., D.D., 
1911, 12, 14-24, 25 (Dec.) 


57 


ee IGA. 
Aibsuph SLMS a. enn ee 1906-09:.') Bin tao] ey 6 rea 1836 (Apr.) 
Alden, L. Russell, Bikle, . John .«L.1¥1876278,) 80e82 
1915=17,°20, 92179248 25 84 (Mar.)-86, 88-1903. 
Anvel *onne Wat. ee ee 1879,°80. <Brandler J... MCN See 1905 
Armiger!yWlels loc oie 1896, 97 Brown, Reuben W. ....1911-13, 15 


Baker, John, 
1846 (Apr.), 47 (Sept.), 48 (Sept.) 
Raugher, Isaac, 
1834"" CApr.)) 35 ot Aprut a0 
(Apr.), 37 (Apr.), 1838, 40, 42-47 


344 


Bush, John C., M.D. ..1870, 71, 74 

Butler, W. K., M.D., 1891, 93, 94 

Distler, John C., Jr., 1901-05, 07, 
09, 10 (June) 


Doub, Wm. W. 1921-25 


THEVBOARD* OFeTHRECTORS 


Drege, Jacob 1858 
(Sept. ) 

Eckhardt, Cornelius ...1904-06, 08 

‘ Kichelberger, Jas. W., M.D., 1849 
Sept.) 00° (sept. soz voept:), 
53 (Sept.), 64, 65, 66 

Fox, Albert F., 1887, 88, 90-93, 96, 
97, 99-1903 


Gilbert, David, M.D., 1848, 49, 50, 


(Sept.); ~ 59 


51 (Sept. ) 
Hagen, George 1830 (May), 31 
(May) 
PARTIR se aiewN Vs ue wii < 1896, 97 
PCL er OUI uae ie Sen oe 1826, 27 
Jolene cie J RT SND ID Reet Aon 1869, 71 


Hermann, Capt. Emanuel ..1901-04 

Hines, Henry C., 1900, 02-10, 13-18 

Humrichouse, C. W. ...1882-94, 96 

Jacobs, H., 1853 (Sept.), 54 (Sept.), 
55, 56, 58 

Kakel, Fred. W., 1896-98, .11, 13, 
LOLS el OZ 125-25 


Kemp, F. W. A., M.D. 1901-03, 05, 
07, 09. 

Kemp, Wm. M., M.D., 1839 (Apr.), 
77, 80-84. 

Loats, John, 1861 (Sept.) 63, 66, 67 


Medtart, Lewis, 1831. (May), 32 
(May), 33 
Mehrine:" Johtr w.% a0: 1866 (Apr.) 


Motter, G. T., M.D., 1894, 96-1902 
Musselman, A. C., 1874, 75, 79-88 
Musselman, John ..1856, 60 (Sept.) 
Nusz, Frederick, 1827, 28 (Sept.), 
29, 30 (Sept.) 
Barsons Heth Ae GLO Aly alone ZU 
Braregeaap ohare: cee eee 1871 
Rice, John W., 1872-75, 77-81, 84-90 
Rower@hass Heed eas 1887 
Ryneal, George, Jr. ..1875, 78, 1903 


schmiucker = slots §Si, ba, Llos3 
(Dec: );. 75-77 

Sharretre nliny beat eae 1920-25 

SIALGty Lie ane conkers 1901, 03, 05 


WEST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD (1826) 
GEERIGAL 


Plbetiesthas a 06 Dis Ve ee 1879-82 

Albert, J., 1843-46, 48, 50 (Apr.), 
Ste o2- (Sept..) 

Alleman, B. F., D.D., 1865-68, 81, 
82, 84 (Mar.) 

PelcmaneaeM. Jc, D:D 1858" «60 
(Sept.), 61 (Sept.), 62-64 

Anstadt, Peter, D.D., 1895-1900, 02, 
03 

Babb, Augustus, D.D., 1847, 48, 49, 
50 (Sept.), 51 (Sept.), 80 


Lei dey @ epee DPD Bees oon 1916-22 
Baugher, H. Louis, D.D....1890-98 
Bagi Wee Nivel kk. ke 1863-74 
lack welders (lL) Mii. cc ve. 1882 
Bie tawetre DON, hi coe 1905 
Bovervaimon Rife ok lo. kes 1842-44 
Breidenbaugh, E. ....:/.. 1866-1950 


345 


ConradiE ey We PDs ab Teed 805) 
66 (Aug.), 67 

Coover, M., D.D., LL.D... .1904-08 

Culler; Mes “D: Dr. 1887,4.88>90 

Enders, G. W., D.D. 1889-94, 96- 
1903 

Bssick Aes aauas 1862 (Aug.), 64 

Eyster, W. F., D.D., 1854 (Sept.), 
5b 57 (Senin OS ee CA Dies oo 
(Sept. ) 


Bastnacht; set Gael O00: 
1901-03 

Pry ee aCOD?. 4): by oan go eae 1863 

reléclows Fle) Riess tae tee lee 1890-98 

Gebpharte see ee 1855, 58, 60 

Gottwald, “Daniel airs: 1838 (Apr.) 

Gotwald?® Luther, "Ave. Ds I8/l 


(Nov.), 73-78, 80, 85 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Hartman, A. Stewart, D.D..1883-85 
Heine Wm., 1831, 32 (May), 34 
(Sept.), 35 (Apr.) 


Henry. George’ Co. einen. 1903-05 

Herbstsiyth ean x, 2 aeons 1826-29 

Flevyers iy. awh 1829-31 (May) 

Hoffman, John N. 1841-43 (Apr.) 

Elollowayemte ec. Ds 18837654 
( Mar.) 

Peeisler tal Su) en eee 1901-04 


Keller, B., D.D., 1826-28, 37 (Apr.), 
38, 40, 41, 46, 47 (Apr.), 1848-51 
Keller, Emanuel, 1834 (Sept.), 35 
(Apr.), 36 (Apr.) 
Pc leree ie po ea omee a 1885-89 
Klinefelter, Frederick, 1877, 79-81, 
87-94 
IG Leree),. We cl osi0s ee ee 1882-84, 86 
Koser* tle. DD. sick 1901, 03-25 
Kuhlman, Luther, D.D.....1924, 25 
Deisenrin® chit Lise] ue eeu 1906 
FAlly SAP AWe to). o/os m/O.ca/ 6: 
96, 97 
Lochman, A. H., D.D., 1838 (Apr.), 
39 (Apr.), 40, 41 (Sept.), 43, 55 
(Septe) ¥ 71856258" eC Sept.) 4uo9 
(Sept.), 60 (Sept.), 62, 1864-77 
Metiges, JH? 2.267) 1865, 66, 75-77 
Miller, Ephraim, D.D...1887, 89, 90 
Oswald.) D:DS5 1836.2CA pr.) 137 


Parson, George 

Rape tak ais oe a, 1862 (Aug.)-64 

Rosenmiller, _D. P., 1853 (Sept.), 
55, 56 

RotheOACHI DIDI aoe ee 1911-15 

Ruthrautt,. F)1833," 54 35 eC vores 
36 (Apr.) 

Kuthrauff, John, 1829 (Oct.), 30 
(Sept.), 31-34 (Apr.) 


Schmucker, J. G., D.D., 1826-28, 
1829 (Sept.)-35 (Apr.), ~ 37 
(Apr. )% 238,39 

Scholl, George, D.D., 1886, 88, 
90-95 

Sprecher, Samuel, D.D., 1844 


(Apr.), 45, 46 (Sept.), 48 (Apr.) 
-49 (Apr.) 

Steck, Daniel, \DiDek ess 1879, 80 

Steck, Aug. R., D.D., 1896-98, 1900- 
17, 19-21, 23-25 

Stock, Chas., M., D.D., 1891-94, 96- 
1906, 08-10 

Stock HB. Bb Dea: ae 1923-25 

Swartz, «/oel 2D: Deets we eee 1870 

Ulrich, John, 1847-51, 52 (Sept.), 
53: (Sept: 1°54: (Sept. 7. bomeno. 
58 (Sept.), 1859 (Sept.), 60 
(Sent. e561 

Weigle, E. D., D.D., 1885, 86, 88, 
1907-23 


(Apr.), 38-40, 41 (Sept.), 42 Weyl, Chas., 1839 (Apr.), 40-42 
(Sept.), 1843-45, 50, 51, 52 (Sept.), (Apr. ) 
53 oC Septs).2 54. . (Sept. ee leben aovglee Heeb et) Davee 1891-97 
(Sept.), 60 (Sept.) Wolf.) BD eee 1903-06 
ParrjsvAueAo DD Dae oe ae 1901-05.%, c¥ ineling eS Hite eee 1868, 69 
LAY 
A lewalt: Je@ ae ere 1890, 93 Buehler, D. A., 1853 (Sept.), 54 
Bair. Washington! 1884, 85 (Sept)),.55,."56,: 57 etsept.ommeens 


Bream, Hon. R. Wm., 1888, 90, 92- 
97, 99-1925 
Brechbill shis Eiger ee, 1878, 80 


59, 60 (Sept.), 66-86. 
Elsesser, Peter A. ..... 1905, 08, 09 
Gelwix, Samuel 


THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


Gilbert, David, M.D., 1834, .35 
(Apr.), 36 (Apr.), 38, 39 (Apr.), 
40, 41, 1842 (Sept.), 43-49 

Glatfelter, P. H., 1892-1900, 02, 03 

Gross, Prof. George W., 1910, 12 

Helb, Edward 1899-1904 

blaper.o), »M.D:,. 1854 “(Sept.); 
D571 oept.), 56, 58,59; 60. (Sept), 
1861, 62, 64-73. 

Kraber, Daniel 1866-81 

Lafean, Hon. Daniel A., 1899, 1900 

ISOUCK StmLSAACy wo. oe fae, de soos. 

Miller, Hon. E. P 1925 (Dec.) 

Morris, C. A., 1829 (Sept.), 30-32, 
GomCoept:) 

Myers, David M., 
(Aug.) 

Picking, eH, Cy \.. 71891-94..96-1924 

Reddig, J. Burr, 1883-88, 90, 92, 93 
(Aug.), 95-97 

ISSELOD ERS oe meno AeS sinners. ie 1881 


Ore elke) fe en 8 10! 16) 6 


Skw'.e)'es ef 6 ve" © 70)6) ¢) « 


1864, 65, 66 


Saxton, Henry, 
Go 73. 6/4 
Shelly, Hon. John L..1896-1903, 05 
Shryock, George, 1849-52, 53 

(Sept:), 54 .(Sept.)-56, 1857 
(Sept.), 58 (Apr.), 59, 60 (Sept.) 
Sit an eee MMe at te 1910-25 
SimvSetie tt. vee os ens 
Sniyset a GGOr ge: ser oe ee 
Spahr, M. B., 1889-91, 93 (Aug.), 
94 (May), 96, 97, 99, 1904, 07 
Steiger, George C., 1883, 84 ( Mar.) 
Swope, John A., M.D., 1882, 83, 
85, 88, 90 
Taylonetat 1925 (Dec.) 
Trostle, George, 1829 (Oct.), 30-33, 
34° (Septi), sOe( Apr), o/aCADrs Js 
1838, 39 (Apr.), 40-47 (Apr.) 
Weiser Gee 5.52 1603-80,0. ed LS 
(Aug.), 94-97, 1900-03, 05 
Wilt 2 e8H ee eee re 
Young, Jacob ..1826, 27 (May), 28 
LOUCKS JACOD ML aaa ntetnone 1904-06, 08 


1862 (Aug.), 64, 


Se 6 0 6 © 0 © ete @ 


SYNOD OF NORTH CAROLINA (1827) 
GLERIGAL 


Reck, John, 1829, 31 (by proxy for 
Revs. Gottlieb Shober and D. 
Rosenmiller ) 


Rosenmiller, D. 
Walter, Martin 


B, ¢ 6) 88 (Oe 6 6. 618 (0' 8 


o) ee) 4) 9) 8 vad senieue «ee 


EAST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD (1843) 
CLERICAL 


Albert, Luther E., D.D., 1860 
(Sept.); 61, 62, 63, 1865 (Aug.), 
66 (Aug.), 67, 69-71, 1873-76, 78- 
1901, 03, 05, 06 

Alleman, B. F., D.D., 1892-94, 96, 
97, 99-1905 

Badm, Woo. D.Del.e.. 1875-1901 

Billheimer, Stanley, D.D...... 1925 

Billheimer, T. C., D.D., 1880, 81, 
83-87, 90, 91, 93 


347 


Born, Peter, D.D., 1857 (Sept.), 58 
(Sept.), 59 (Sept.) 

Conrad, F. W., D.D., LL.D. 1882-90 

Daugherty, S.- Dey D:D... 1903-08 

Dele Rhee Doi tae kee 1921-25 

Dewyoes Luther. Dips 

Diehl, George, D.D....1846 (Sept.) 


Ditties lL) ee ee 1870-74 
Pink kee Ate 1). loans eee 1861, 63-65 
Finkbiner, JeuW,, late 1881-83 


HISTORY VOF GHDTY SBURG? SEMINARY 


Fischer, A. H. F., D.D., 1899-1905, 
1908-24 | 
Greiss, George A., D.D.....1915-24 


Hartman] ost has: Deiat 1905 
Hay, Ghtas-wAe D:Ds -13602625,-64, 
65, 68 


Hay, Chas. E., D.D., 1894, 96-98 
Heck, John H.....1866 (Aug.), 67 
Henry, E. S., 1873 (Dec.), 79, 82, 84 
Holloway, sie. 2 DsDY sP318875.58 
Huber, Eli, D.D...1886-89, 91-1910 
Hufford, R. W., D.D., 1891-97, 99- 
19030107 1103 
EHutter, EW, D.D.7 71858 “CSept?)< 
59 (Sept.),.60 (Sept.), 64 


Mangeseelt! Ce ice a 1915-24 

Parson, George: ....24.: 1850 (Apr.) 

Pint <etohn. Ky 1856 seLSeptalg 08 
(Sept.), 59 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.) 

Pohlman, Augustus, M.D., D.D., 
1925 


Pritchard)-“e GD. D- 189921903, 
05-08 
Remimund it ake. Die < 1876-78 


Ruthrauff, F., 1843 (Sept.), 44, 50 
(Sept.) 


Sadtlem. Bos LD) Diaitaee 1855 (Sept.) 

Sentman, Solomon...... 1866, 68-70 

Sheeleigh, Matthias, D.D., 1871 
(Nov.)-86, 88-91, 93, 94, 96, 97 

Shock ig ase saa sa eens 1846 (Sept.) 

Sing master, \)) 20 oes tle ane ee 
1894-98 

Suesseratt Benj, Caeceee. ts ae 1874 


Stahler, “WeeE., -D.Di 1904 "05, 0 
(9-115 #15720 

eteck: aWViee ri: 

Stellngs4G: Ee DID, 1867, 69-a70; 
72-74 


Stine eM au Nise Deere eee 1912-14 
Stork, Theop., D.D....1843 (Sept.) 
SWatiz wi) Gel lol) ae ae 1876, 78 


Valentine, M..H., D.D./.... 1904-08 
Wedekind. sAcctGy 27D: D aialeae 
(Sept.)! 539° (Sept. 54 Sept): 
55 (Sept.), 56, 57 (Sept.), 58-66 
Weiser, Reuben, D.D., 1847 (Apr.), 


Reynolds;- HWi Mig alien O40 48, 49 
(Apr.), 44, 50 (Apr.) Wilerdteriniiipeaaieceese se 1867, 68 
LAY: 
Brehm, Prot, J. J.0:1915)16, 22°24. Gerberichy Ev S3719 19 S20 22m eo 
Buehler, Martin; 1856.) (Sept:), -58. * Gcoodman,, Henry; 42 eee 1867 
(Sept:); - 66% CAug.);) -67> 18/3® Hecht, Greet. 2 ee een ee 1891-93 
(Dec.), 74 Heine RAS... eee ee 1891, 93 
Biushsnol sh kegs 1896, .97, 99,1900" *\Heltrich, aGeorge Hite) eee 1886 
(ooh patie site Bas ot eae 1903-05 Houpt, Lewis L., 1860 (Sept.), 61 
Cochran, J. J. 1863-65, 66 (Aug.),69 (Sept. ) . 
Downing, Jos. B...1899-1901, 03-07 Hummel, A. ...... 1871 (Nov.)-73 
Dunkle, J. A. 1890, 94 (May), 96,97 Keller, Croll, Phar.D., 1920, 22-25 
Durboraw, A.4hlis.... 1925) ( Mar.) -AKeller, “John = P4) Ds DSe eae 1894 


Eppley, Daniel, 1860 (Sept.), 61 
(Sept.), 62 (Aug.)-73, 76-78, 80, 
84-86 

Fox, Edward 

Maticke Johnie icy alte 1881-87 


Kugler, Hon. Chas., 1860 (Sept.), 
61. (Sept.);. "62? , (Aties)ys0g.e0 0: 
1866 (Aug.)-68, 70, 72, 74 

Kunkel, ‘C. A., 1909-11, 13, 17, 18 

Lehr? Horace. si.* 7 aes 1904-05 


348 


THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


Luther, Diller, MD...1878, 80, 87-90 

Martin, Wm. H 

Mickel, John L., 1894 (May)-1908, 
10-14 

Miller, Harvey C., 1910-12, 14-16, 
20-25 

PUG Asha Sites Mis SG i asa 1880 


0.1m Ue) olTere Ne: gi te 0:\e 


WiipOe tet] OOO Lars son ferns 1895, 97 
UU coy sa Ri ea ake oe a 1882 
WNagenseller, Col. Wm. F.272.% 1859 
oede rim EeeceN TD) asic 1892, 94 
i Oetlel es PACOD mitre ca te Wes 1870, 73 


Scull, Edward ....1892-93, 95-1901 
Shindle, J. G. L., M.D.....1859, 63 


Sri tiers An! KK, ee open ae Nc bt 1885, 87 
SUTETRO MTs VWViw wee nent ee 1847 (Apr.) 
Staller, vGe DM Dicey en 1891-94 
SIPONE, wd AMES dee cle ees Ae 1902-05 


Stubb, Jos., 1881, 82, 84 (Mar.)-86, 
88, 90 

Valentine, S. G., Ph.D...1895-1906 

Wert, Simon 

Yeager, Wm. 

Yergey, H. F., 1899, 1900, 03-05, 09 


a: eve, 6) ee) ee) 8) 0 0a) wie, 6 6) 2 


Cane 6b af onS Ore 


VIRGINIA SYNOD (1843) 
CLERICAL 


baum Win. M.- D.D....1859 CApr. 
and Sept.), 60 (Sept.) 

Eichelberger, L., D.D., 1844 (Sept.), 
45 (Sept.) 

Mink wh. 01,03 1853..(Sept-),-58 
(Sept. ) 

Keiser, James R 


1843 (Sept.) 


©16) (6) 3.0) fe. be 


PED) ald Laid OE 
(Sept. y,.° 32 


Krauthie Gah. 
1850 (Sept) $2485! 
(Sept.), 55 CSept.) 

Martin, Chas., M.D., 1861 (Apr. & 
Sept.) 

Richardson, H. J 1860 (Sept.) 

Smith, J. Few, Jr., 1844 (Sept.), 
46 (Apr.), 47 (Sept.) 


oe ee oe 


ALLEGHANY SYNOD (1844) 


CLERICAL 
EN His TLCHE VV Cre WV.) Oa sts cel cle = Lovo OU Sem rupaker =| Ohnway. . ceri 1898-99 
Poeneveroamiel. 1802 >(Aug.) 7 035,.- Carney, Woe H,-D.D.2i awe 1918-25 


67 
Babb, Aug., D.D 1844 (Apr.) 
Baker, Henry, D.D., 1868-70, 72, 75- 
77, 79-87 
Baughman, G. W., 1892-93 (Aug.) 
‘| AE ee ag 1888, 90, 92 
Renedict, Fred., 1853. (Sept.), 55 
(Sept.), 56 (Sept.), 1858 (Sept.) 
Bergstresser, EF. L., 1891, 98, /99, 


1901, 02 
Bishop, Henry, 1847 (Apr.), 48 
(Apr.) 
Breer eG, aD Ds .h0 we owe 1879-94 
Drauss MO os. cule. 1903-05 


349 


Collins, B. B., 1899, 1900, 02, 03, 05 

Ehrenfeld,, A. C., 1863-67, 79, 81, 
82, 84 (Mar.) 

Ehrenfeld, C. L., 1866 (Aug.)-67 

Emery, “Waes, S186li2( Sept.) 02 
(Aug. ) 

Englisho? John oo: L912-1636181019 

Fink, R: As D-D., 1866. (Aug:) -82, 


87, 88 
Gruver, C. B., 1887, 88, 90-93 
(Aug.) 
Hartman, J. A., 1890-93, 1903-05, 07 
eLevtmayy sd Earn eestor a 1901-03 
Holtanytces Ae sell ree ae oe 1867 


HIs TORY) OR GETTYSBURG SSEMINARY 


Johnston, E. S., D.D., 1894 (May)- 
97 

Keller @ Sit) Dales oe 1909-12 

Kline, M. J., D.D., 1914-16, 18-24 


Knight, Lloyd, 1860 (Sept.), 61 
(Sept. ) 

Kopp, eWalliam jee... 1855 (Apr.) 

Muga teG at] or) as oer eee 1870 

MarllereAT oR eetn tad tamer 1898-1902 

Batterson: Re i>ian Dae 1902-05 


Ptahler eM bh e.e 1S0Za( Ales) e264 


Rothnbergertyapan was 26.5 ee 1882 
Race Saya Vas 1.0. ee toe 1883-84, 86, 87 
aver Peteing cae, ve 1844 (Apr.) 
ROM SOG DD lees rie 1905-07 
RUGS LEA Seer) a9 fe teen 1909-11 


Sahm, Peter, D.D., 1847 (Apr.), 48 
(Apr.), 49 (Sept.), 1850 (Apr.) 

Scholl, George, D.D., 1873 (Dec.)- 
74 

Settlemver-a Vell ci cymes 

Snyder, Henry W., D.D., 1920-25 
GDec:) 


ShecderihP Leeks 1862 (Aug.) 
Shindler, Daniel 1865 (Aug.) 
Shipman, Wm. A., D.D.....1895-99 


ese @.¢ ee « 


Stock.e GF SMA Dy Oca, tana 1886 
Swopert 2 DAP elo se eee 1859 
Taylot aio wel: wee enter 1895-98 
‘Lomlinson.}Gnn; tte. en 1871-72 


Wagner, A. E., D.D., 1904-06, 09, 
10.813 

Weigle, E. D., D.D 1893-95 

Weiser, Reuben, D.D...1844 (Apr.) 

Whetstone, A. M., 1875, 76, 79, 81, 
84 ( Mar.) 

Witmer, Chas. +. 04.0% 2\ 1858 (Sept.) 

Williams jes) 1852 (Sept.) 

Wieand, “Henrys Ei sbi ee 
1915216 

Yingling, Samuel, 1860 (Sept.), 61 


6.9 9's sie 6 ee 


O76! e006: 0) 46 


LAY 


Bakers ranks 1921 S724 25 
Reaveta | Oni as en cur: 1853 (Sept.) 
Ben key, na) pW e re che eee 
Brumbaugh, D. S., 1882, 84-86, 
1905-09 
Caldwell, Wm., D.D 1864, 69 
Colvin, Frank E., 1899, 1900, 03-09 
Enitz) dat rye eaten ee ee 
Frontz, Howard C., M.D., 1925-25 
(Dec) 
Geesey, Chas., 1892, 93, 98-1906, 10 
Good, Peter, 1872, 79, 84 (Mar.), 85 
Householder, Geo. W., 1853 (Sept.), 
59 (Sept. ) 
Plerbsts+ Js SC caatca ee 1893-1900 
Knepp, Alfred 1914-21, 23 
Lafferty, John P., 1895-98, 1902, 03, 
05 155°16, 2ta20-23 


se. Kee. ee e 


P..% 4, 00,6) 16, 4 © n0 


350 


(Sept. ) 

Young, M. L., D.D., 1888-93, 94 
(May) -97 

Leisenring ar so. ee are 


(Sept.), 63, 64 
Likens, Prof. John H., 1913, 15-19 
Lotz, George 1885, 88 
Cutzs John 1872-76 
Mason, Chas. C., 1879, 81-84, 86, 87 
Patton, T. B., 1884, 86, 88, 94 
(May), 85, 1902 
Patton, Geo. U., 1860 (Sept.), 70, 
72, 74, 75 
Philson, Samuel 1866 (Aug.) 
Ramey, (.D. K-;+ 1865 CAues) soo 
(Aug.), 67, 88, 89, 91, 92, 1895- 
1903 
Ruppel, 
(May) 
Sanderson, Geo. W., 1873 (Aug.), 
Fé 


6 ¢ @ ,olle «oe, amen e ce & 


C2) 00) Oe 06 lattes G7 6 1s Terie se 


0: 6 0 wage 


W. M., 1888-90, 93, 94 


THESBOARDIOF DIRECTORS 


Shahaonw@s ui: st oe Pao se Coept:))-.awWattelrs Beh os? me. 1910612513 
STV Ver. Yoyl eee 1844 (Apr.) Wentzel, Ira, 1899-1901, 03-05, 08-10 


MINISTERIUM OF PENNSYLVANIA (1853) 


CLERICAL 


aGteet NASM AGES ey. <7 tates 1863 59 (Sept.) 
Bont te Wie) De 1863 dc ohlerea Johns 1859-- (Sept), 260 
Semsciiainer, = Ase) sJIy sD, (septa), OLY (Sept. ),/ 022. Sept); 
igo7e. (Sept:) Osan Coepthy 09 63, 65 
(Sept.), 60 (Sept.), 1862 (Aug.) Muhlenberg, F. A., 1855 (Apr.), 58 


(eal ert pheain. wee ee ones et sme 1865 ( Sept.) 
HavymGwAoe ll) Daal SoonCoepts) . 040% sochaefier, ~Ghas... Fey“). 1853 
(Sept.), 55 (Sept.), 56 (Sept.) (Sept.), 54 (Sept.), 55 (Sept.) 


Poel. el) e lsoomcoepty) ao,,  ochaeter,. .Gis Wc). Dae 21856 
(Sept.), 59 (Sept.)-60 (Sept.), (Sept.), 57 (Sept.), 58 (Sept.), 


1861 (Sept.) SOF Sent.), LOU (Sept) aae 02 
rote! icrat., 1)... Looe a Coept.); (Sept.), 63, 64 
LAY 
PAOUD Lie otek sce Ney ahs 1863-65 Muhlenberg, H. H., M.D., 1859 
Ihre; Colt C.-J.;%1855* (Sept.) ,°. 56 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.), 62, (Aug.), 
(Sept.), 59 (Sept.) 65 (Apr.) 
WeliMatiw rleneyite cet d isnt cic ses 1364 ce Piperns W wlan ay ier ae ere cates 1863 


PITTSBURGH SYNOD (1856) 


CLERICAL 

Darnitz,oamuel Bs -D.D.. 00... 1876... Goettman, 2). .G.? DID. 1874-7232 86, 
Bassler, Gottleib, 1856 (Sept.), 60 88, 91-94 

(Sept.), 64 (russ a, Jerome. fDi ee. aaae ee. 1906 
Ditties |eniimer, DD... + <. LOU SA Ose lLay wel 2wisor Lo: eee 1893 (Aug.) 
Breckenridge, S. F., D.D....1868-69 Hill, Reuben, D.D.....1865 (Aug.) 
PRCHEV SONY 1110! Jee kes oo a eos 1909-13 Hoover, F. F., 1873 (Dec.)-74, 76, 
Burgess; E. B., D.D., “1905, 07-10, 78 

12, 13 Krauthas Cee Pree |e Dives eles 
inpome reels nD Ae o. wy »-<, 1915-18 18562. (Sept eae os (ent) ro? 
CoC T mint ets.) ok. 2 Sesh e.5° 09 6 2 1875 (Apr.), 59 (Sept.) 
Gricsiiatiot a t.....1925.259.( Dec.) Kuhns; LosM.. 1860. (Sept,). 61 
Daernblaser; FE. Hs: DiD.... 1886 (Sept. ) 
Pernest Jo AL. i) Disvtg. fe Pas 1869) “eisher: 5 Gla W aed. Uns ate ee 1883 
Ehrenfeld, A. C., 1860 (Sept.), 61 © McSherry, G. W.......1914 16, 18 

( Sept.) Miler wii) iio es aoe, an ke 1898-1900 


oot 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Mullen, Philip H. R.,. 1920-1925 
( Dec.) 

Nicholds;: S2:licn lL. Dara 1902-03 

Nicholas; - Wits es a eae 1904-06 


Passavant, Wm. A., D.D.....1864 

Poffinberger, J. W., 1887; 92; 93 
(Aug.), 96-97, 99, 1903 

WR GGkG SPI or eee. cea oe 1862, 63 

Roland, E. Victor 1920-21, 24 

Schwartz, J. W., D.D., 1893-95, 97- 
1905, 09-10, 12, 13 


Snyder, Harry G., 1915, 17, 19-21, 23 

Stuekenberg; J... He We DD EID 
1870 

TomhnsSonm-John- oo... as 1898-1900 

Ulery; Wm. F. ...1862*(Aug.)-63 

Weidley, John, D.D., 1899, 1901, 02, 


04, 05 
Wales. vG: 7P as DD i tees 1905-07 
Woods, .. Robert: * Wi,5., DAD, Malo2s 


(Mar.)-25 (Dec.) 


LAY 
Arnold “Thomas 2M, 3. -2e. 1899 *" Eanes Chomas, His..t: 1857 (Sept.) 
Bodenhamer, G. W., 1890, 93 (Aug:) Leighton; Henry Si. 2.220... 1905 
Grawshan,W .Geo.s-¥. oe se 1875" Me@larrenve ris laceees 1884 (Mar). 
Culp we tasré Wa aes: 18963" 97-909") “McLauchlini yA Se: ee cee 1873 
pegers) Eloward Gio 949029004): 05.0 Bore sWitlhoe eh kee 1906, 09, 10 


Frederick. Jo ouistess cs. 1921523 
Georve Willson wn ee eh 1908-10 
fitteChas pee ee ber hice ene 1905 
Hill sJohng A; 71893" (Auge). 1925; 
25 (Dec.) 
Hiitle Salemp assed se 1873;(Dec») 
Hoffman, H.-C; MoD:,-1917,. 20-25 
Keller, Henry M...1884 (Mar.)-85 
Keeterakk red Wisse. oe acae a 


Rugh, Solomon 1896-97 
Stifel, Chas. F., 1893 (Aug.), 97- 
1901, 05, 09, 10 (June) 
sLOWHSETIG, GO otlcLs » Srant aie emer 
Townsend. oh 247 io eee ee 
Townsend, N. E., 1898, 99, 1901, 02 
Welker, Joseph 
Wolf, Robbin B., 1915; 16; 18,920; 
21, 24 


© 0 \dgaile te #16 (6) S16 


& 6 o & ©. \0\'e (6) @ 1e! eo atiogs 


CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD (1856) 


CLERICAL 

APSDACH, cla Gries che aes 1880-83" »Focht, D, H.,* 1859 © CSeépt.), +60 
Dero cesseralt ae Leal. deere tes 1892 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.) 
Blackwelder, D. M..1871 (Nov.)-73  Eocht, John B., D.D., 1890, 93> 
Copenhavert cA vache ee. 1873-77 (Aug.) 
Nip cs ay ea re RAN Hravier, Ji... oo ee 1876 

D200, 507.508, 41; 19-18, 520; Furst, S. E., 1884 (Mar.)-87, 89-91 
Diffenderfer, Geo. M., D.D....1899 Heis! WL 1879. 80 
Diven, W. H., 1861 (Sept.), 63, TH pt ean Oy Oi en 

7770 Holloway, H. C., D.D., 1893-95, 97- 
Ernest, John A., D.D., 1888, 91-99 1901, 03, 04, 05, 07 
Palen AV Wry ikeo Faye 1909-10  Hoshour, E. E......1894 (May)-97 
Finckel "Sam. Goes aca ake. 1980. Lane,.. P\, P.,-1856. a Septeaaeeae 
ise hene Wie Bee DD des oe 1888 (Sept. ) 

352 


THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


Leisher, G. W., 1889, 93 (Aug.), 94 
(May), 97 

McConnell, C. L., D.D., 1895, 97- 
1903, 05 


Nicholasy | .c.Leeten search 1905, 06 
lechvne 2 aware ch (fh DBR cere 1909 
RCA LLC mers meV Liens ete Rie acy dane, 3 1911 
ERS eg eM gO od Coen eee 1912-16, 18-24 
Secs. EAN ay eae a See ata 1874 


Rizeres Peter de ore at 1859 (Sept.) 


Gchacthert) Gamhins too eae. 1868-70 
Stindleys He Caan 1869-71, 75, 77 
he chorea cheery Me hte 19D). Re 1901-08 


studébakers E.; DD..18/12CNov.); 
is 

Tomlinson, John ....1878-80, 82-84 

Willard, Philip, 1858 (Sept.), 59 
(Sept.), 60 (Sept.) 

VV aT Seam fae = lee eee 1861 (Sept.) 


Yingling, Samuel 


LAY 


Saiiiem eter, 1.0, 1862 1 Aug); 
Fey fall 
eae rel eill yrs  . 7. 1860 (Sept.) 
CnupP oaimucl =... 6s, 1861 (Sept.) 
Biase 1CODS «oR oie oe 1859 (Sept.) 
Dale, Clement, 1894 (May), 96-1903 
Deninverebe W. Loins. 1885; 86 
Pe Dert mo amiueles oo. 1903-07, 09-18 
ost IA cy eet, see 1919, 21-24 
(PES AN Ba eae ees 1900-02, 05, 06 
Mel fetta oas| ula eek cre Gy 1895-99 


Elencu Nicholas’*.<-.. .-. 1877, 78, 80 

‘Hertzler, John, Sr., 1887-93, 96, 97 

Hoffman, S. B., 1893, 94, 96, 97, 99, 
1901, 02 


PTOCIOUeELes Se VWVioa en So. 5s 1881, 82 
Piontonee yin... 21898, -02,).03,.05 
RMN UC ict sing ky cisisee och a 1904 
SG 1) 1867-70, 72 
LOC. a. area ee 1868 
NMeGonreils Daniel .. 2... <.: £o7 ee / 


Miller, J. Keller, 1869-73, 81, 82, 84 
Giviara) 


NMiisseh, sOUiel oes ee 1876, 78 

BN OVID SCL bet Cr ance ee nee 1907 

Eericems lamese\ sire fe oe, 1901, 03 

Rothrock, Joseph, 1881, 82, 84 
(Mar. ) -97 

One sear vie eet ae 1888, 89 

ressler- Aa ope. eee ee 1868 


Tressler, Col. John, 1856 (Sept.), 
57 (Sept.), 58 (Sept.) 

Shaffer, L.A. Jr., 1909: 10) 12,°13 
16, 17, 19, 20, 22-24 

Stitzere: Pie Ge. a eee 1879, 82 

VELL LiSmen NV VetT i Rar gtac a ree ee 1884 (Mar.) 

Wolf, Wm., 1872, 74-76, 81, 83,: 84, 
86, 88 

Zigler. FLent yea 1856 (Sept.) 


MELANCHTHON SYNOD (1860) 


CLERICAL 
iSyouhize wary Uw a Cad DD Rae 1S6O MOSM eENIXCOLIE sr Ae en ene 1866-67 
Piguet = manic! s) 0)... a EGGS» Re Saeyae Glee ISS Tile Ae a var 1868 
Kurtz, Benjamin, D.D., LL.D. Startzman, C. ..1861-63, 65 (Aug.) 
1860-62, 64 
LAY 
Bie oun Coe Doron. a. 18688 ¥ Culler’ Daniel =)... 1868 (Aug.) 


S58 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


SYNOD OF NEW JERSEY (1864) 
CLERICAL 


Burrell, J. Ilgen, D.D..1865 (Apr.) 


Sheeleigh, \ Matthias, JD. Daan 1864 


SUSQUEHANNA SYNOD (1868) 


CLERICAL 
Baths olin tien a) tere 1905-07 | “Kooser, Je aXe see oe ere et 1892-94 
EOLti Win eve! 41031) .5 ieee aces ee 1875 hewsenring, sti. Eo a. Ao ee ee 1888 
BYCrS Ma UAL Wey Do klse. ater 1916 Manhart, Frank P., D.D....1882-88 
CUPS Mea Ee Ne vane hee eae 1871 MyersisUe see 1895, 1901 
Freas, Wm. S., D.D........ 1880, 81 Parson. Georges: oie. aan eee 1876 
Fascher, >We; D:D, 7/1895-1900,°03, eudisifl Au Jute ee 1905, 06 


05, 06, 09, 11 
Gadhill ee Oltinn ornate 1896-98 
Good, Morris F., D.D., 1917-21, 23, 
24 


Reimensnyder, J. M., D.D., 1895-97, 
1905, 06 


shindel, My gar cea 1882, 88, 92 


Gotwald, W. H., D.D., 1883, 94 Wagner, John, D.D., 1880-82, 88- 
Olen) 1911, 13, 14, 18, 20-24 
Hishes 2529 P. eee en 1e0Q garner rea er oer 1898-1901 
HigthieG A Ries oe noe ee 1868). Witrte John aen re 1890-94 
ilinsere) tee che. Poe 1890419028 “AWolt #Ee eb. De eee 1868 
LAY 

Mller ERS nav cisbee rt reales 1883 Hill, J. Clinton, 1890, 1905, 06, 09, 
Baldyesstephetieweas: soe es 1868 11 


Beidleman, W. J., 1899, 1901, 03, 05 


Dougherty, ae Eranky Ge ac 1922-23 
TerOntz, aw Vill ie reieg ae howe 1905-09 
Gahan leas Macpac tas ee 1873 
rudy Cm Viteteodes ane: 1893, 95-97 


Harman Prot David 4G.) 11660-9., 
95, 97-99, 1902-07 


Keller cor Wii ae eee 1895, 97 
Mausers GAM si, eee eee 1905, 06 
Nicely aia eran ce ee 1901, 03, 04 


Reimensynder, Geo. B., 1896, 97, 99, 
1900, 11, 16, 19 


Sheets, J. W., M.D., 1887, 94 (May) 


SYNOD OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY (1875) 


CLERICAL 
Anderson, George W.......... 1878 Wedekind, A. C., D.D.,. 1875, 76, 
Baume relia eae oe. 1878-1881 78, 80, 82, 84 (Mar.) 85 
Borrell: \| lea ace ene 1875/6" —, Werkert,@5° Al> 22 i eee 1880 
Rlarpster pelo eldest el) eae ne 1883 
TAY 
Morris,’ Robert-Got... ..vi ears 1875 Ockershausen, George P. ....1886 


354 


DHE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 


SYNOD OF WEST VIRGINIA (1918) 


CLERICAL 
STISSINAUOL Yer. eS tame 1920 - Snyder, Simon ..71921" (Dec.) 1925 
TGA Tee se coy eee eee ee Se 1918-19 


SUSQUEHANNA SYNOD OF CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA (1925) 


CLERICAL 
iSnessiiaten\iaeo., 1.1925 (Mar. 7 Retghard!-|.. Gy 19255¢C Maree Deca) 
May) Wagner, John, D.D., 1925 (Mar., 
Good, Morris, F., D.D., 1925 (Mar., Dec. ) 
Dec. ) 
LAY 
Pnplemebciiainine ben O2ome CMara)in Gast llawAy tune tomiet ae adaee 1925 


Dougherty, J. Frank, 1925 (Mar.) 


NUMBER OF STUDENTS 


STUDENTS IN ATTENDANCE Ant GetrySBuRG SEMINARY 
from 1826 To 1926 


SUBJECT TO SLIGHT ERROR BECAULE OF DEFECTIVE RECORDS 
PLOTTED BY W.R SIEGART 


60 


a ~) 
$ Ss 3 
OF STUDENTS 


aA 
° 
NUMBER 


30 


20 





O-nrnnthbWOonnDd lo o wb fe) w ° Vey ° wo > wo ° wb ° Mw wv 
PENMAN MNHOHVOS t 4 4 © re) fn N Cs) @ D roy ° ° ° 9 or ae 
} 1 ' . ' ‘ fy ' ' PD 


THE ALUMNI RECORD 


The glory of Gettysburg Seminary is in the men it has trained to preach 
the Gospel. Exactly fourteen hundred men have been enrolled during the 
the century, though not all of them entered the ministry. The record of 
those who were ordained is a magnificent volume of consecrated endeavor 
and divine blessing. The ministry of the Gospel rises above the praise and 
honors of men, but some of these faithful preachers of the Word have 
gone down to obscure graves in neglected churchyards without so much as 
a stone to tell the coming generations of their toil and self-denial. Others 
have left their records in rare and almost inaccessible documents. Still 
others may some day suffer the same fate. It is simply the part of filial 
piety, therefore, for us who are reaping where they have sown, to rescue 
from oblivion the facts of their lives and assemble them with the goodly 
fellowship of all who have had their training in the Seminary at Gettysburg. 

The collective record of the Seminary’s men compels our admiration and 
fills us with gratitude. It is a splendid register of constructive achievement 
and spiritual influence, a record of commanding leadership through a long 
period in the life of the American Lutheran Church, of preachers, teachers 
and pastors, of missionaries home and foreign, of authors, editors, admin- 
istrators and executives. The toil and sacrifice, the loving service and 
blessed ministries of men who consecrated their lives to Jesus Christ and 
His Church, these pages can only feebly indicate. We can merely set forth 
the external facts of a man’s life. The character of the man, the good he 
did, the influence he exerted, the souls he brought to God, the seeds of hap- 
piness he sowed—all this is written in the Book of Life. 

The assembling of the facts presented in the ALUMNI REcoRD was a 
prodigious task. For the major portion of this labor we are indebted to 
Rev. W. R. Siegart, now of Ramsey, New Jersey. The relatively com- 
plete records of earlier classes, as here published, could be secured only by 
the most painstaking! efforts and the most persistent research. No sys- 
tematic attempt had ever, been made to gather the biographical data of the 
many men who studied at the Seminary. It was necessary therefore to 
deal with each man individually. Every possible clue to information was 
noted and the data were secured from almost numberless sources. A com- 
plete file of The Lutheran Observer, its predecessor The Lutheran Intel- 

357 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


iL a7 Wa A Abs MPa Re hun a 08 ty PADS ASE oii uci Wie WER Sree 47 
Pi RBA NG RTE ES POE ORE ery A ORG AE OS a EO 40 
AMS B Gl DOVER DA ey Oa {ype Ge BL ik) Ae sae ees ee 31 
SORA IO FeO eT tals DEER We Re 32 
ELSIE GS Pees AE Ua clee , OBL puaVoela. wid ganna 29 
SE SOE DONE ER Ces LER GPRS Bibel ian Ee OD te tis, aaa Lats hele Feats 38 
nels ANID WE Uae SUE Bx ey Ope eg pT Oe eae, peel een 44 
CBR TUS dy! SOIR | OR Re 1 DDE ORE A 53 
Ths OP UO A, IRR aN SIR nS Ae PS, eet ede 41 
LTE. § Sa pene oa they OU BARE SWES: | Sis EGR ees as 47 
Af NT EIR Ey Tl One TELS SOL is eae 46 
MND Be 1D.) PE RES | AY Om Sit cP AU RS By are 46 
Pn Ls SACY adr aU SUA PU LCG aio Soe aged ti PP Ue bat gel PL aes 39 
eT i Foe NS SAN MERU Aa St Ss wh Zehy wih he iain oie ates waits 34 
SN 5 RO ly AEN NS HRP Sarit hy SLES LA. 9 0 RA ee Rekie  eat eeae 43 
FF ier ES Fi taal gO tn Na bNie fea ater Oe tLe ae Rhelata Sa ohatat ite wtttonthts 38 
SRM ae eek caper nD Aue rane tiald Th ea O «Melis CRUE UL Sine Car ea 37 
py, ORR Tne MesbvcrphENe be Aareishahsticlonahe ANMIER « Psa Chigeeubiers Mab une dobermans ee 41 
Sina Labat Ate ekaiohetefsdehe alaipvanete ts Wet ei Pa Att dod 4s de tal ahcearsoliten iatebarencatieade hae 50 
A Tk UA EWE eke Rae aia eas Ot Dim ead ica dues tates otal later semana aa 49 
Mint} Dom Deak Rae ec! aay Hae LHe Le Me Ni Mele Malet tate asbenclalecas tre ante 41 
Vila dee 1 FA Tc aaa CRC IU tee pT A Pe MPN al nhals Raat cinerea praia ta ata 31 
at, 1X Saar RI AUar oa RIL We eg L 4 a MO 2526s. ie CAs, Ue ieee tn 42 
ABBREVIATIONS 

PCA) ccicle\ one Academy COME diaawieurs committee 
PED i a catiiy a Allegheny BOTS le ae congregation, congre- 
BN io oea ae American gational 
FASE i wnorded Association COMLT Siena eee contributor 
BESOCLI aad sg associate (pastor) SPae ings ph Central Pennsylvania 
BSSt He Nett os assistant pec. ee died 

DD ae Bee he born Dati Mead rou daughter 

Baltoieiy costae Baltimore, Md. rel 18 ROR Ge delegate 

DCL i) 9 ke coe ateies board RL eater director 

Geneve tek - about 2 ET ee LOB East 

Wal) ea California ried (CG aS Ecclesiastical 

CaN iis ance Canada MRP SR Ae editor 

AC om a ea hary Central Canada Eng. N. W...English North West 
Cgo., Chgo... Chicago Pe Aas, roan East Ohio 

ROS FLA chief y SAD N Seer toby Evangelical Review 
Chi Wie eteee Church 2 OE ERA, ay evangelical 

Tao) Pr Central Illinois Freaker from 

Gols deretis College TANG his vd Franckean 


360 


eae ee ee Georgia 

Ghee. ikke Gettsyburg 

Bers Chet a General Council 

LOCK hake ae Geographic 

CES Fees Py German Iowa 

AR CE German Nebraska 

Oppel lh $ret General Synod 

Paes Padded A ral gymnasium 

Piarirre: ote Hartwick 

PRISE oe vue History, Historical 

ERO ee Tce Holston 

1 aR PO ee ha Iowa 

Lier r ses Illinois 

Peas) eas Immanuel 

ol ap Ga ar instructor 

Kan., Kas. .. Kansas 

1 pe ly be Kentucky 

L. C. R. ....Lutheran Church Re- 
view 

HiGaieeis tae esis licensed 

2 SONG Aa peta ae Lutheran Quarterly 

Lasts er. st Lutheran 

“i Pad 8 aa married 

5 Va yp a ile Manitoba 

po) aa el A Maryland 

ESS Say ae tae Methodist Episcopal 

MERC S oee. Melanchthon 

DME cree, Miami 

PS yg i eae Michigan 

WAG) Stk’. Ministerium 

Bie es ss Minnesota 

BMISSr ess: Mississippi 

Monash sos Missouri 

he RS OP a North 

Rte Sass National 

De sGoo ees North Carolina 

NORE So veci ts Nebraska 

iyo e cae New Jersey 

DREGE PINGS sks New York and New 
England 

TI ara te ees | near 

PUPS AN es New York 

Ni ates 3’ « Nova Scotia 

iver eas de Ohio 


ALUMNI 


On Be iden Olive Branch 

CHU SN aon alk ee Observer 

9 DE ae ae Ohio District 

tea | Opera det Ohio Joint 

Orde oases ordained 

Oras oh organized 

Pap eed as oa's Pennsylvania 

PAG iss etek Pacific 

Pb., Pgh. ... Pittsburgh 

Phe Ge ose Pittsburgh General 
Council 

Pi ia ety ie Pittsburgh General 
Synod 

Ptilarcirsctn ¢ Philadelphia, Pa. 

PRUOS EF Ne hele philosophical 

tS gh BY Naneleaed Postmaster 

LOT decals prepared, preparation 

Dress soba president, present 

Presby. ..... Presbyterian, Pres- 
bytery 

a wh hac age Per principal 

WOT Phar aies professor 

PEO tee satan s proprietor 

LARD A Mgt aig residence 

BE ata be sete pie retired 

1S donetit YBa) as tbe Rocky Mountain 

MRA ER poe son 

ko Ne ass 1S South 

ASP NRTA Shas SF South Carolina 

SCH era amd school 

BOC Duster a ei secretary 

DeMcis aie ly Seminary 

SOC won skh Society 

stad, oo. 72.. ¥student 

ot RE RN Mtg ats Susquehanna 

BYTE eee eek synod 

Dexter ones Texas 

theo Tey theology, theological 

OH K Gate wives Tennessee 

TE aoe aN as translated 

ja gh eet a a treasurer 

Bra Cag Le Lae University 

Wehr. ss United Brethren 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


U. L. C..... United Lutheran Washi ..-3. Washington, Wash- 
Church ington, D. C. 

Vasa ihe cet Virginia Wiss SUNG Wisconsin 

Wii Ree West NVI ecu ante Wittenberg 

Wartar yi oes Wartburg 


362 


STUDENTS 1826 


1826 


ARTZ, WILLIAM, b. Hagerstown, Md., June 1, 1804; grad. Gettysburg 
Sem. 1829; lic. N. C. Syn. 1830; ord. same 1831; pastor in N. C. Syn. 
1830-72; 7 times pres. N. C. Syn.; sometime miller nr. Mt. Pleasant, 
N. C.; m. twice; Ist wife, Sarah, d. Sept. 20, 1867; children, Mrs. Jno. 
H. Moose, Mrs. Rufus Misenheimer, Geo. V.; d. Apr. 19, 1876. 


EICHELBERGER, LEWIS, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 25, 1803; s. Fred- 
erick and Ann (Motter) E.; stud. with Drs. Schaeffer and Carnahan; 
grad. Dickinson Col. 1826; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1828; D.D., Princeton 
1853; lic. Md. & Va. Syn. 1828; ord. same 1831; pastor Winchester, 
Va. 1828-33; vicinity of Winchester 1828-49; prof. Southern Sem. 
1849-58. Conducted Angevona Female Sem. until 1849; ed. and prop. 
The Virgtnian until 1849; ed. Ev. Luth. Preacher; trustee Gbg. Col.; 
dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary Ann Miller, who d. Sept. 5, 1837; m. Penelope 
A. Hay, Mar. 14, 1839; 6 children; wrote a Hist. of the Luth Ch, 
unpublished; d. Sept. 16, 1859. 


GALLOWAY, JOHN SMITH, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Aug. 5, 1806; s. John and 
Margaret G.; grad. Jefferson Col. 1826; Gbg. Sem. 1826-28; Princeton 
Sem. 1828-30; lic. Carlisle Presby., 1830; supplied Frederick, Md., 1830; 
ord. Presby. Miami 1832; pastor Ist. Presby. Ch. Springfield, O., 1832- 
50; Agt. Am. Bible Soc. 1850-61; principal Cooper Female Sem. Day- 
ton, O., 1862; d. Aug. 25, 1862. 


HAVERSTICK, HENRY, f. Philadelphia; b. Nov. 24, 1807; grad. Dickinson 
Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1828; U. Halle 1832-c35; AM., source unknown; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn. 1828; ord. same 1831; pastor Cumberland, Md. 1829- 
32; in Louisville, Ky., 1835; Somerset, Pa., 1836-39; teaching, 1839-84; 
some years Phila. H. S.; m. Susan C. K. M. Polk, Aug. 16, 1838; d. 
Jan. 20, 1884. 


HEILIG, DANIEL, lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1828; ord. same 1836; miss. in 
Huntingdon, Clearfield and Bedford Cos., Pa., 1828-36; in Preston Co., 
Va., 1836-c43; miss. to the Indians in the West; stricken f. roll of Md. 
Syn. 1848; d. before 1876. 


JACOBS, DAVID, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Nov. 22, 1805; s. Henry and Anna 
Maria (Miller) J.; Hagerstown Acad., 1822-23; A.B., Jefferson Col., 


363 


1826 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1825; stud. theo. with B. Kurtz, 1825-26; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1828; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1829; prof. Classical Dept. Sem., 1827-30; d. Nov. 4, 1830. 


KAEMPFER, JACOB, b. Shenandoah Co., Va., July 23, 1800; lic. N. C. 
Syn., 1830; ord. same, 1831; pastor Rowan Co., N. C., 1830-31; Jeffer- 
son, Pa., 1831-33; Shrewsbury, Pa., 1833-43; Carlisle, Pa., 1843-48; 
Manchester, Md., 1848-53; Windsor, Pa., 1853-61; Beaver Springs, Pa., 
1861-64; Glen Rock, Pa., 1864-68; organ. Hametown cong.; Bible agent 
and pulpit supply, 1868-80; m. Lydia Oswald; 7 children; d. Jan. 19, 
1880. 


MOERING, WILLIAM, f. Taneytown, Md. Withdrew from Middle Class 
to pursue preparatory studies. Nothing further known. 


MORRIS, JOHN GOTTLIEB, b. York, Pa., Nov. 14, 1803; s. John and 
Barbara (Myers) M.; stud. York Co. Acad.; grad. Dickinson Col., 
1823; stud. theo. with S. S. Schmucker, 1823-24; stud. Hebrew with 
Bishop Schulze, 1825; Princeton Sem., 1825-26; Gbg. Sem., 1826-27; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1839; LL.D., Gbg. Col., 1875; lic. Md. and Va. Syn., 
1826; ord. same, 1827. Pastor Ist Balto., 1826-60; 3rd, Balto, 1864-73; 
Librarian Peabody Institute, 1860-65; pres. G. S., 1843, 1883; presided . 
at Luth. Diet of 1877; had been pres. of the following organizations: 
Balto. Lyceum; Linnean Soc. of Gbg. Col.; Young Men’s Bible Soc. 
of Balto.; Md. State Bible Soc.; Md. Acad. of Science; Md. Hist. 
Soc.; Soc. for the Hist. of the Germans in Md.; Luth. Hist. Soc.; Acad. 
of Ch. Hist. of the Luth. Ch. in America. Founded Linnean Soc. of 
Gbg. Col.; one of the founders of the Md. Acad. of Science; Hist. Soc. 
for the Hist. of Germans in Md.; Balto. Co. Hist. Soc.; Luth. Hist. 
Soc.; Lutherville, Md.; Lutherville Ladies’ Sem.; Ev. Alliance. Dir. 
Gbg. Sem. and trustee Gbg. Col. for over 60 yrs. Held numerous eccles. 
and scientific offices. Lecturer on zodlogy Gbg. Col., 1834-95; lecturer 
in Gbg. Sem., 1874-95; founder and ed. Luth. Obs., 1831-33; member of 
many learned societies, chief of which are the following: Acad. of Sci- 
ences, Phila.; Acad. of Sciences, Boston; Soc. of Natural Hist., Nurn- 
berg; N. Y. Lyceum; Ia. State Hist. Soc.; Soc. of Northern Antiquar- 
ians, Stockholm; Royal Hist. Soc., London; Am. Assn. for the Ad- 
vancement of Science; Nat. Soc. of Sciences, Washn.; Am. Philos. Soc.; 
Brooklyn Entomological Soc. Author of numerous books, papers and 
articles, chief of which are the following: Life of John Arndt, 1853; 
The Blind Girl of Wittenberg, 1856; Catherine von Bora, 1856; Syn- 
opsis of the Described Lepidoptera of the U. S., 1861; Fifty Years in 
the Luth. Ministry, 1878; Journeys of Luther, 1881: The Stork Fam- 
ily, 1886; Life Reminiscences of an Old Luth. Minister, 1896; tr. Koest- 


364 


ALUMNI We 1S2F 


lin’s Life of Luther, 1883; m. Eliza Hay, Nov. 21, 1827; she d. 1875; 
surviving children, Annie May, M. Hay, Mrs. M. L. Trowbridge, Mrs. 
G. M. Leisenring; d. Oct. 10, 1895. 


OEHRLE, BENJAMIN, f. Palmyra, Pa.; b. 1804; prep. private; d. May 5, 
1827, 


OSWALD, JONATHAN, b. Dec. 20, 1805, nr. Hagerstown, Md.; prep. 
private and Gbg. gym.; stud. with B. Kurtz; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1829; 
A.M., Gbg. Col. 1845; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1829; 
ord. same, 1830; assoc. Christ’s, York, Pa., 1829-36; pastor St. Paul’s, 
York, 1836-61; vicinity of York, 1861-76; pres. W. Pa. Syn., 1845-48; 
dir. York Co. Acad. many years; m. Susan Albright, Oct. 8, 1835; she 
d. Sept. 21, 1890; 2 surviving children; he d. Feb. 1, 1892. 


ROSENMILLER, DAVID PORTER, b. York, Pa., June 22, 1809; s. Lewis 
and Rebecca P. R.; prep. Frederick, Md.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1829; lic. 
N. C. Syn., 1829; ord. same, 1831; pastor Lexington, N. C., 1829-32; 
Newville, Pa., 1832-40; Dayton, O., 1840-49; Hanover, Pa., 1849-56; at 
Lancaster, Pa., supplying many chs., 1856-c70; Dauphin, Pa., cl870-80; 
m. Eliza Sheffer, Sept. 24, 1833; she d. Oct. 17, 1890; he d. Sept. 
26, 1880. 


1827 


AIKMAN, ALEXANDER, b. Burlington, N. J.; Princeton U. and Sem.; 
Andover Sem.; Gbg. Sem.; lic. and ord. by Phila. Presby.; pastor at 
Tallahassee, Fla., St. Augustine, Fla.. New Orleans, La.; d. Apr. 19, 
1831. 


} 
ANSPACH, JOHN GEORGE, b. Penn’s Valley, Pa., Sept. 13, 1801; s. John 
and Catherine (Reinhart) A.; stud. with Rev. Mr. Abele; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1830; ord. same, 1831; agent Am. Tract Soc., 1830-31; pastor 
Mifflinburg, Pa., 1831-84; m. Susanna Wolf who d. Sept. 19, 1842; chil- 
dren, Luther Wolf, John Melanchthon; m. Susanna Schoch who d. Aug. 
3, 1902; children, Amanda Civilla, William Gilbert, Jennie Elizabeth; he 

d. Feb. 8, 1889. 


CAPITO, GEORGE J., f. Baltimore; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1844; ord. same 
1846; supplied Rosstown and Lewisburg, Pa., 1846; left ministry, 1855. 


FINCKEL, SAMUEL DEVIN, b. Jonestown, Pa., Feb. 22, 1811; stud. theo. 
with John Stein; lic. Pa. M., 1832; ord. same, 1833; tutor Dauphin Acad. 
several years; pastor, Middletown, Pa., 1832-33, 1837-40; Taneytown, 
Md,. 1833-37; Germantown, Pa., 1840-44; Cumberland, Md., 1844-46; Ger- 


365 


1828 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


man Ch. Washn., 1846-69; St. Paul’s, Washn., 1869-71; clerk in quar- 
termaster general’s office, 1848-73; D.D., Irving College, 1859; m. Har- 
riet, dau. of Michael Keller, Harrisburg, Pa.; d. Feb. 13, 1873. 


GRAEBER, HENRY, b. Jan. 28, 1793, in Pa.; stud. theo. with Melsheimer 
and Lochman; M.D., source unknown; lic. Pa. M., 1818; ord. Md. Syn., 
1821; pastor Westminster, Md., cl818-1821; Uniontown, Md., 1821-27; 
in Lincoln, Rowan and Cabarrus Cos., N. C., 1828-43; d. Sept. 11, 1843. 


MOSER, DANIEL, b. July 5, 1795, in Berks Co., Pa.; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 
1829; ord. same, 1830; pastor Spruce Creek, Pa., 1829-45; Pinegrove, 
Pa., 1845-64; m. Catherine Mark, Mar. 24, 1835; 8 children; d. Mar. 
6, 1864. 


SCULL, WILLIAM, b. Reading, Pa.; lic. Pa. M. 1832; ord. Va. Synod 1833; 
pastor Woodstock, Va., 1832-33; Madison Courthouse, Va., 1833-34; 
served pastorates in Augusta Co., Va.; Arkansas; Louisiana; Mary- 
land and Florida; entered ministry of Episcopal Ch., 1838; introduced 
“scull bean” into Va.; D.D., source unknown; m. Julia Rush; d. 1870. 


SHARRETTS, NICHOLAS G, b. Selinsgrove, Pa. Nov. 20, 1802; s. Maj. 
F. and Catherine S.; prep with Benj. Keller; grad. Dickinson Col., 1825; 
stud. theo. with J. G. Schmucker, 1825-26; stud. Gbg. Sem. Jan. to June, 
1827; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1826; ord. same, 1827; pastor Indiana, Pa., 1827- 
36; m. Louisa H. Spottswood, Oct. 9, 1827; she d. Dec. 13, 1878; he d. 
Dec. 31, 1836. 


YEAGER, GEORGE, b. Chester Co., Pa., c1807; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1830; 
ord. same, 1831; pastor Lewistown, Pa., cl830-c32; Jefferson and Nel- 
son Cos., Ky., 1833-42; one of founders of Synod of South West; left 
ministry, 1846; d. Oct. 2, 1867. 


1828 


BAUGHER, HENRY LOUIS, SR., b. Abbottstown, Pa., July 18, 1804; s. 
Frederick and Catherine B.; prep. Gbg. Acad.; grad. Dickinson Col., 
1826; stud. Princeton Sem., 1826-28; stud. Gbg. Sem., 1828; D.D., Dick- 
inson Col., 1848; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1828; ord. same, 1832; pastor Boons-~ 
boro, Md., 1829-30; prof. Gbg. Gym., 1831-32; prof. Gbg. Col., 1832-50; 
pres. Gbg. Col., 1850-68; m. Clara Mary Brooks, Oct. 29, 1829; she d. 
1881; children Alice, Leegh, H. Louis, Wilmer; d. Apr. 14, 1868. 

| 

GERMAN, WILLIAM, b. Womelsdorf, Pa., Sept. 16, 1796; stud. with Wm. 

Baetis; Gbg. Sem., 1828-29; lic. Pa. M., 1829; ord. same, 1830; pastor 


366 


ALUMNI 1828 


near Muncy and Turbotville, Pa., 1829-30; Middleburg, Pa., 1830-42; 
York Co., Pa., 1842-49; near Allentown, Pa., 1849-51; m. Miss Baum 
of New Berlin, Pa.; d. June 26, 1851. 


GOTTWALD, DANIEL, b. York Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 1793; s. Andrew G.; 
farmer and carpenter; circuit rider for U. B. Ch. and then prep. with 
J. G. Schmucker ; Gbg. Sem., 1828-30; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1830; ord. same, 
1831; pastor Petersburg, Pa., 1830-38; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1838-43; m. 
Susan. Mae Crouse, 1818; d. Mar. 11, 1843. 


KLEIN, SAMUEL S., b. Salsburg, Pa., Feb. 15, 1805; prep. private; Gettys- 
burg Sem., 1828-30; lic. Pa. M., 1830; ord. Hart. Syn., 1831; pastor 
Buffalo, N. Y., 1830-c33; Lockport, N. Y., cl1833-35; Delaware, O., 
Wooster, O., Akron, O., Dansville, N. Y., Stroudsburg, Pa., Tripoli, 
Hamburg, Conyngham, dates uncertain; Ringtown, Pa., 1875-77; d. 
July 4, 1877. 


KYLE, HENRY DAVID, f. Germany; Gettysburg Seminary, 1828-29; lic. | 
W. Pa. Syn., 1829; ord. same, 1830; pastor in Clarion, Venango and 
Armstrong Cos., Pa., 1830-49; unmarried; d. Mar. 24, 1849. 


REYNOLDS, WILLIAM MORTON, b. Little Falls’ Forge, Pa., Mar. 4, 
1812; s. Geo. R.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1830; grad. Jefferson Col., 1832; 
D.D., Jefferson Col., 1850; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1835; ord. Pa. M., 1836; 
ord. deacon Epis. Ch., 1863, and priest, 1864; pastor Deerfield, N. J., 
1835-36; Warsaw, IIl., cl863-71; Christ Ch., Harlem, Chgo., 1871-76; 
prof. in N. J., 1832; prin. prep. dept. Gbg. Col. and prof. Latin, 1833- 
35, 1836-50; pres. Capital U., 1850-53; prin. Female Sem., Easton, Pa., 
1853-55; prin. Classical Sch. at Allentown, Pa., 1855-57; pres. Ill. State 
U., 1857-60; prin. Female Sem., Chgo., 1860-c63; Supt. Pub. Schs., War- 
saw, Ill., 1864; founded Ev. Magazme; founded Ev. Review; one of 
founders E. Pa. Syn.; ch. ed. G. S. Hymn Book; tr. Acrelius’ Hist. New 
Sweden; m. Anna M. Swan, June, 1838; children, Elizabeth, Anna, Mrs. 
T. Vredinburg, Jno., Geo., Chas., Walter; d. Sept. 5, 1876. 


WEYL, CHARLES G., b. Germany, c1801; Gbg. Sem., 1828-30; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1830; ord. same, 1831; pastor Gettysburg, Pa., 1830-32; 
Lewistown, Pa., 1832-c38; York Springs, Pa., cl1838-c40; Petersburg, 
Pa., cl840-42; Trinity, Balto., 1842-52; St. Matthew’s, Balto., 1852- 
55; ed. for some years of Luth. Hirtenstimme; 9 children; d. Aug. 
21, 1855. 

367 


1829-30 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1829 
GELWICKS, SAMUEL, f. Frederick, Md.; no details known. 


HOFFMAN, JOHN HENRY, f. Franklin Co., Pa.; grad. Gettysburg Sem., 
1832; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1832; ord. same, 1834; pastor Newry, Pa., 1832- 
37; Wooster, O., 1837-41; Washingtonville, O., 1841-46; Mansfield, O., 
1846-52; Upper Sandusky, O., 1852-54; Arcadia, O., 1854-59; Belle- 
vue, O., 1859-62; Albion, Ind., 1862-64; Salem Center, Ind., 1864-66; 
Fish Creek, Ind., 1866-67; Cicero, Ind., 1868-70; Taylorsville, Ind., 
1870-73; m.; d. Apr. 4, 1873. 


HOPE, JOHN C., f. Newberry Dist., S. C.; Gettysburg Gym., 1831; Gettys- 
burg Sem., 1829-31; lic. S. C. Syn., 1827; ord. same, 1832; pastor Pom- 
aria, S. C.; suspended by S. C. Syn., 1851. 


RIZER, PETER, b. Cumberland, Md., May 7, 1812; s. Martin and Ann 
Catherine (Boward) R.; stud. Cumberland Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1832; lic. Md. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; missionary to the Cherokee 
Indians, 1833-36; pastor, Boonsboro, Md., 1832-33; Corydon, Ind., Day- 
ton, O., Somerset, Pa., Frederick Co., Md., Cumberland, Md., Sun- 
bury, Pa., and after Civil War in Md., N. J. and Oswego, N. Y.; chap- 
lain 79th N. Y. Highland Regt., until forced home with fever; tr. hymns 
and part of Bible into Cherokee; m. Margaret Peterson Rogers, a de- 
scendant of Jno. Rogers, the Eng. Martyr, Oct. 25, 1836; she d. Oct. 
8, 1875; 6 children; he d. Aug. 25, 1886. 


TABLER, JOHN THOMAS, f. Traptown, Md.; Gettysburg Sem., 1829-32; 
lic. N. C. Syn., 1832; ord. Va. Syn., 1833; pastor in N. C. and Va.; m. 
Matilda E. Bowen, Apr. 16, 1835; suspended by N. C. Syn., 1841. 


1830 

MENNIG, WILLIAM GOEPFERT, b. Annville, Pa., Feb. 16, 1811; s. Geo. 
P. and Elizabeth (Goepfert) M.; Gbg. Gym.; Gbg. Sem.; lic. Pa. M., 
1836; ord. same, 1838; pastor Pottsville and vicinity, 1836-59; St. 
Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1859-77; supplied Foglesville and Macungie; m. 
Rebecca Seiler, Feb. 1, 1834; 7 children; surviving, Mrs. Allen F. Bar- 
ber, Mrs. Thos. D. Willcoxon, Luther, Augustus W.; she d. Oct. 30, 
1858; m. Mrs. Sarah Anna Weaver, June 13, 1861; she d. Sept. 24, 
1875; m. Aug. 20, 1878, Amanda F. Bachman; he d. July 15, 1887. 


ROTHROCK, SAMUEL, b. Davidson Co., N. C., Nov. 26, 1809; s. Jacob 
and Esther (Ziegler) R.; Gbg. Gym. and Sem.; lic. N. C. Syn, 1833; 
ord. same, 1834; pastor Salisbury, N. C., 1833-35, 1836-42; St. Thomas, 
Pa., 1835-36; Organ Ch., Rowan Co., N. C., 1842-65, 1875-85; Alamance 


368 


ALUMNI 1831 


Co., N. C., 1866-67; Guilford Co., N. C., 1867-75; D.D., N. C. Col., 
1888; Dir. Gbg. Sem. several years; pres. N. C. Syn. several times; m. 
Miss Hoke of Gettysburg, who d. a year later; m. Amelia Arey, Sept. 
14, 1837; she d. 1890; he d. Nov. 2, 1894. 


VOGLER, JESSE, b. near Salem, N. C., Dec. 2, 1806; Gettysburg Sem., 
1830-32; teaching, Nazareth, Pa., 1832-33; entered ministry of Mo- 
ravian Ch.; miss. to Indians at New Fairfield (Moraviantown), Can., 
1833-64; led a portion of the Indian band to Ft. Leavenworth, Kas., 1838, 
returning 1843; acquired Delaware dialect; m. Mary Ann Louisa Miksch, 
1833; children, Sarah C., Lawrence E., Augustus, Susan E., Alice S., 
John C., Anson S., Chas. F., Louisa; she d. June 6, 1901; he d. Jan. 
22, 1865. 


WEISER, REUBEN, B., b. Womelsdorf, Pa., Jan. 20, 1807; s. Benjamin 
and Catherine (Hide) W.; Gbg. Gym.; Gbg. Sem., 1830-32; D.D., Gbg. 
Col., 1876; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1832; ord. same 1834; pastor St. Thomas, 
Pa., 1832-35; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1835-37; Woodsboro, Md., 1837-40; 
Bedford, Pa., 1841-46; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1846-49; Loysville, Pa., 1853- 
55; Canton, Ill., 1862-64; Forreston, IIl., 1864-66; Manchester, Md., 
1866-69; Mahanoy City, Pa., 1869-70; Minersville, Pa., 1870-72; con- 
ducted a female Sem. at Martinsburg, 1835-37; prin. Female Sem. at 
Bedford, 1842-46; agt. for Gbg. Col., 1840-41; Agt. Am. Tract Soc., 
1849-53; mining in Col., 1872-85; one of founders of Wittenberg Col., 
and of Cent. Col. of Ia.; pres. Cent. Col. of Ia., 1856-62; m. Sarah 
Bossart, Sept. 10, 1833; she d. May 12, 1898; 4 children; author, Life 
of Luther, 1853; Regina, 1856; d. Dec. 8, 1885. 


WINGART, JACOB, b. Lexington Dist., S. C., Dec. 2, 1802; s. Jacob 
W.; lic. S. C. Syn., 1825; pastor Sandy Run, S. C., 1825-29; d. Jan. 13, 
1831. 

1831 


BABB, AUGUSTUS, b. Reading, Pa, Jan. 19, 1810; prep. Germantown 
Latin Sch.; Gbg. Gym.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1833; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1876; 
lic. Va. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor Augusta Co., Va., 1833-38; 
missionary in W. Pa., 1839; Blairsville, Pa., 1839-45, 1870-76; Mechan- 
icsburg, Pa., 1845-51; Somerset, Pa., 1852-56; Dickinson, Pa., 1856-60; 
Turbotville, Pa., 1860-63; agt. for Gbg. Col., 1851; m. Anne Hoffman, 
1833; she d. 1838; m. Jane Logue, Aug. 4, 1840; she d. June 19, 1872; 
m. Mrs. Emma Aughey, Oct. 7, 1886; he d. Oct. 11, 1892. 


BANSEMER, CHARLES F., b. Dantzig, Ger.; grad. So. Sem., 1841; D.D., 
source unknown; lic. S. C. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1843; entire ministry 
in S. C. Syn.; pres. N. C. Col.; unmarried; d. Feb. 3, 1889. 


369 


1831 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


BARNITZ, J. CHARLES, f. Lancaster Co., Pa.; lic. Pa. M., 1834; ord. 
same, 1836; pastor Lower Merion, Pa., 1834-c40; Johnstown, Pa., 
c1840-44; New Holland, Pa., 1844-c52; Millersville, Pa., 1852-54; m. 
Catherine Franks, Nov. 10, 1836; deposed by Pa. M., 1854. 


DAVIS, JOHN B., b. near Winchester, Va., May 26, 1808; Gettysburg 
Gym.; Gbg. Sem.; D.D., N. C. Col., 1873; ord. Va. Syn., 1834; pastor 
Strasburg, Va., 1834-43; Stephen City, Va., 1834-50; Staunton, Va., 
1850-62; Mt. Pleasant, N. C., 1877-c87; prof. Roanoke Col., 1865-74; 
pres. N. C. Col., 1875-77; m. Ann Elizabeth Henning, Nov. 10, 1835; 
she d. Feb. 29, 1845; m. Anna Caroline Sieg, Apr. 20, 1848; children, 
Mrs. Frank Chalmers, Paul, John, Jeff, Henry, Luther; d. Jan. 3, 1896. 


FUCHS, ANDREAS, b. Steddorf, Hanover, Ger., May 6, 1803; s. John C. 
and Anna Catherine F.; Gym. at Stade on the Schwinge; Theo. Sem. 
Stade; Gbg. Sem., 1831-33; tutor in a physician’s family in Rotenberg; 
cantor in Altenbruch in Hadeln; sailed in S. S. Pilgrim f. Hamburg 
July 28, 1831, arrived Phila. Sept. 23, 1831; lic. Pa. M., 1833; ord. same, 
1836; assoc. to Jer. Schindel in Columbia Co., Pa., 1833-35; pastor 
Bath, Pa., 1835-75; m. Sevilla Anna Yohe, Aug., 1834; 2 daus.; she 
d. Dec. 16, 1839; m. Charity Schumann, 1840; s. Dr. G. F.; d. Dec. 
20, 1879. 


HAESBAERT, JOHN, f. Cleve, Prussia; lic. Pa. M., 1833; ord. same 1835; 
pastor Pine Grove, Pa., 1834; Ger. Ch., Balto., 1835-44; m. Miss Des 
Grunges f. Prussia, Apr. 28, 1835; in 1844 he sailed for S. Am. and she 
for Prussia. : 


HOOVER, JESSE, f. York Co., Pa.; Gettysburg Gym. and Sem.; lic. Va. 
Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor Rockingham Co., Va., 1833-c37; Ft. 
Wayne, Ind., cl1837-38; d. 1838. 


HURSCH, STEPHEN, f. Northumberland Co., Pa.; lic. Pa. M., 1835; no 
pastorates; d. very early. 


LEITER, GEORGE, s. Jacob L.; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1833; ord. same 1834; 
missionary in Clearfield Co., Pa., 1833; pastor New Berlin, Pa., 1834- 
36; in E, O. Syn., 1836-75; m. Leanner Craver Main, Feb. 21, 1837; 
she d. July 22, 1873; he d. July 12, 1875. 


OSWALD, SAMUEL, f. Washington, D. C.; Gettysburg Gym.; grad. Gettys- 
burg Sem., 1833; lic. Va. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor New 
Market, Va., 1833-43; m. Caroline Streher, Feb. 1, 1836; left ministry, 
1843; d. 1846 or 47. 


370 


ALUMNI 1832 


SAHM, PETER, b. near Manheim, Pa., July 1, 1809; Gettysburg Gym., 
1827-31; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1833; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1869; lic. Pa. M., 
1833; ord. same, 1836; pastor Maytown, Pa., 1833-35; Middletown, Pa., 
1835-37; St. Thomas, Pa., 1837-39; Greencastle, Pa., 1839-45; Blairs- 
ville, Pa., 1845-48; Johnstown, Pa., 1848-53; Indiana, Pa., 1853-58; 
Friedensburg, Pa., 1858-61; Loysville, Pa., 1861-69; Aaronsburg, Pa., 
1869-74; New Berlin, Pa., 1874-76; m. Susan Tritle, Mar. 18, 1841; 8 
children, 4 of whom are Annie, Rev. M. O. T., Dr. W. K. T., J. T. L.; 
she d. Oct. 9, 1891; instructed many studs. theo.; author, Proper Meth- 
ods for Treating the Awakened Sinner, 1872; d. Mar. 14, 1876. 


SPRINGER, FRANCIS, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Mar. 19, 1810; Gettysburg 
Gym. and Sem.; D.D., 1873; lic. Md. Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1837; pas- 
tor Clearspring, Md., 1836-38; Springfield, Ill., 1838-47, 1852-61, 1866-71, 
1880-92; chaplain U. S. A., 1861-66; pastor Irving, Ill., 1871-74; Hills- 
boro, Ill., 1874-78; Litchfield, Ill., 1878-80; pres. Hillsboro Col., 1847-52; 
pres. Ill. State U., 1852-55; supt. schs. Sangamon and Montgomery Cos., 
Ill.; conducted a boys’ acad. at Springfield, Ill.; one of founders of Ill. 
State. U. and Carthage Col.; m. Mary Kreigh, Apr. 11, 1837; 8 chil- 
dren; she d. Mar. 22, 1884; author, Lutheranism in the U. S., E. R.,, 
1859; Luth. Ch. in Ill, L. Q., 1873; d. Oct. 21, 1892. 


ULRICH, JOHN, b. near Annville, Pa. July 25, 1808; s. Adam and Ann 
Marie U.; Moravian Sch. at Lititz, Pa.; Gbg. Gym., 1827-31; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1833; lic. Va. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor Woodstock, 
Va., 1833-34; Carlisle, Pa., 1834-42; Petersburg, Pa., 1842-55; Shippens- 
burg, Pa., 1855-59; Sulphur Springs, Pa., 1859-62; Dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
A.M., Gbg. Col., 1844; m. Susan Catherine Grove, May 15, 1838; 3 
children; d. May 16, 1862. 


1832 


BOLENIUS, WILLIAM, f. Herford, Ger.; Gettysburg Sem., 1832-33; no 
details known. 


BOYER, SIMON R., b. 1810; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1835; ord. same, 1836; 
pastor Mifflintown, Pa., 1835-46; Turbotville, Pa., 1846-59; Mechanics- 
burg, Pa., 1859-60; Hinkeltown, Pa., 1860-68; Lyons Chg., Pa., 1868-73; 
Millersville, Pa., 1874-79; m. Rachael Baum, Aug. 11, 1835; 4 children: 
d. Mar. 19, 1881. 


EGGERS, LOUIS GUSTAVUS, b. Luten, Hanover, Ger., Feb. 14, 1805; 
s. Henry and Charlotte (Lambrecht) E.; emigrated, 1822; Gbg. Gym., 
1829-32; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1835; lic. Pa. M., 1835; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1836; pastor, Nittany Chge., Pa., 1835-47; Palmyra, Pa., 1847-52, 

371 


1832 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1871-75; Stouchburg, Pa., 1852-67; Trevorton Chge., Pa., 1869-71; m. 
Lydia Schaeffer, Feb. 6, 1838; she d. Oct. 16, 1868; m. Mrs. Elizabeth 
B. Kettering (nee Harper), Aug., 1872; she d. 1893; children L. T., 
Mrs. J. W. Early, Mrs. B. F. Beck; d. Oct. 30, 1882. 


GOERTNER, NICHOLAS W., b. Canajoharie, N.Y., 1811; s. Geo. and 
Mary Catherine (Westerman) G.; ord. Md. Syn., 1834; pastor, Win- 
chester, Va., 1834-36; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1837-45; Lockport, N. Y., 
1845-48; Palmyra, N. Y., 1848-50; Canandagua, N. Y., 1850-51; N. Y. 
City, 1852; Phila., 1853-81; entered ministry Presby. Ch. 1848; Agt. 
Am. Tract Soc. in Phila.; prof. in Hamilton Col.; D.D., Genesee Col., 
1854; d. Jan. 10, 1887. 


HARKEY, SIMEON W., b. Iredell Co.; N. C., Dec. 3, 1811; s. John and 
Sarah H.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1834; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1844; D.D., Witten- 
berg Col., 1850; lic. Md. Syn., 1834; ord. same, 1837; pastor, Williams- 
port, Md., 1834-35; Woodsboro, Md., 1835-37; Frederick, Md., 1837-52; 
St. Louis, Mo., 1867-69; Washn., Ill., 1871-79; Knoxville, Ill., 1879-89 ; 
prof. Ill. State U., 1852-67; pres. Ill. State U., 1856-58, 1860-65; prof. 
Knoxville Inst.; assisted in recovery of Knoxville Inst.; ed. Olive 
Branch; ed. Mirror of the Times; author, Church’s Best State, 1842; 
Just. by Faith as Held and Taught by Lutherans, 1875; m. Elizabeth 
Mitman, Sept. 22, 1834; she d. Nov. 18, 1865; m. Mrs. Louisa R. Lescher 
(nee Scherer), Aug. 28, 1866; he d. Mar. 1, 1889. 


MUELLER, WASHINGTON, f. Charleston, S. C.; Gettysburg Sem. summer 
session, 1832; U. Berlin, 1832-33; lic. S. C. Syn., 1833; not renewed; 
prof. languages in Lexington, S. C., Lit. Inst.; spent life in teaching; 
m. Elizabeth Schwartz, May, 1834. 

REESE, CHARLES, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., Nov. 4, 1797; grad. Gettysburg 
Sem., 1835; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 1836; pastor, Berlin, Pa., 
1835-43; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1843-52, 1857-58; Brickersville, Pa., 1852-56; 
Bernville, Pa., 1856-57; Salona, Pa., 1858-60; d. Oct. 24, 1870. 


RING, JAMES P., b. Charleston, S. C.; S. C. Col.; Gettysburg Sem.; 
grad. So. Sem., 1835; lic. S. C. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 1838; prof. Rich- 
mond Acad., Augusta, Ga., 1840-52; d. Apr. 12, 1852. 


SAYFORD, SAMUEL, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 16, 1806; stud. theo. with 
Lochman, 1831-32; Gbg. Sem., 1832-35; lic. Va. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 
1835; pastor, Botecourt, Roanoke and Floyd Cos., Va., 1835-48; Dela- 
ware Co., Ind., and vicinity, 1848-64; m. Mary Miller, Apr. 11, 1837; 7 
children; d. Nov. 18, 1865. 

372 


ALUMNI 1833 


SCHMUCKER, GEORGE, b. Woodstock, Va., Feb. 18, 1807; s. Nicholas 
S.; York Co. Acad.; Gbg. Sem.; pastor, Upper Tract, W. Va.; lic. by 
Va. Syn., 1837, but suspended in 1838 when he entered O. Jt. Syn.; one 
of founders of Va. Concordia Syn.; d. Aug. 10, 1886. 


1833 


AREY, BENJAMIN, b. Rowan Co., N. C., May 3, 1810; Gettysburg Col., 
1831-33; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1836; lic. N. C. Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1838; 
pastor, Rowan Co., N. C., 1836-46; Statesville, N. C., 1846-55; left 
Luth. ministry 1855 and engaged in farming near Elmwood, N. C.; m. 
Maria P. Raynor, Apr. 19, 1836; 11 children; she d. Jan. 9, 1876. 


CORTETZ, FREDERICK WILLIAM, f. Saxony; at Piketon, Stark Co., O., 
1838; no details known; d. early. 


MILLER, DANIEL, b. c1812; Gettysburg Gym. and Sem.; A. M., Gettys- 
burg Col., 1844; lic. Md. Syn., 1836; pastorates, Williamsport, Md.; 
Chester Springs, Pa.; m. Cornelia S. Moore, Nov. 15, 1836; d. May 17, 
1851. 


OSWALD, SOLOMON, b. Washington Co., Md., Jan. 28, 1810; Gettysburg 
Gym. and Sem.; lic Md. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 1837; pastor, Boons- 
boro, Md., 1835-39; prof. Female Sem., Frederick, Md., 1839-40; busi- 
ness in York, Pa., 1840-76; m. Susan L. Smyser, Oct. 2, 1837; she d. 
July 24, 1848; m. Henrietta Peiper, Apr. 30, 1850; he d. Mar. 29, 1876. 


RITZ, SOLOMON, b. Washington Co., Md., Feb. 17, 1809; s. Henry and 
Mary R.; Gbg. Gym. and Sem.; lic. O. Dis. Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1839; 
pastor, Mansfield, O., 1836-40; Wooster, O., 1840-42; Bolivar, O., 
1842-47; Xenia, O., 1847-52; Ashland, O., 1852-55; Tipton, Ia., 1855-58; 
Lena, Ill., 1860-61; Cedarville, Ill, 1861-62; Polo, Ill, 1862-64; Knox- 
ville, Ill., 1866; Smithville, O., 1868; Berlin Center, O., 1869-70; Co- 
umbia City, Ind., 1870-71; Vandalia, O., 1871-72; Wadsworth, O., 
1872-73; Yellow Springs, O., 1873; N. Georgetown, O., 1873-74; farmed 
at Bradford, Ia., 1858-60, 1872; Agt. Seamen’s Friend Soc., 1864-66; 
Agt. for Mendota Col., 1866-68; m. Elizabeth Gambrill, July 11, 1837; 
11 children; she d. Sept. 15, 1871; m. Mary M. Kieffer, Sept. 21, 1873; 
he d. Jan. 7, 1874. 


SCHOLL, WILLIAM NACE, b. Hanover, Pa., Sept. 9, 1805; stud. Balti- 
more; Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1866; lic. Pa. M., 1836; ord. same, 
1838; pastor, Germantown, Pa., 1836-40; Canajoharie, N. Y., 1840-51; 
Wurtemberg, N. Y., 1851-55; Norristown, Pa., 1855-58; Athens, N. Y., 
1858-65; West Milton, N. Y., 1870-78; prin. Hart. Sem., 1865-70; pres. 
bd. Hart. Sem.; d. June 12, 1889. : 


373 


1834 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1834 


DUEY, JACOB C., b. Germantown, Pa., Oct. 10, 1808; lic. Pa. M., 1836; 
ord. same, 1838; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1836-39; Saddle River, N. Y., 
1839-47; Churchtown, N. Y., 1847-53; New Germantown, N. J., 1853-72; 
m. Cornelia Moore, cl1833; she d. c1845; m. Emeline Murphy, Mar. 11, 
1851; she d. Dec. 21, 1886; he d. Mar. 25, 1882. 


GUENTHER, CHARLES C., b. Philadelphia, Nov. 19, 1800; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1838; pastor, Blair Co., Pa., 1836-41; N. George- 
town, O., 1841-49; Jeromeville, O., 1849-52; New Middletown, O., 1852- 
55; Warren, O., 1855-c60; taught sch. in Milton and Lewisburg, Pa., 
1820-34; author, Dialogue on Baptism, 1848; d. Sept. 23, 1865. 


HEILIG, WILLIAM, b. Germantown, Pa., June 7, 1813; s. Adam and 
Margaret H.; Mt. Airy Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839; Gbg. Sem.; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1842; pastor, Abbottstown, Pa., 1841-45; 
Mt. Joy, Pa., 1845-47; Chestnut Ridge, Md., 1868-88; prin. Male Acad., 
Mt. Joy, Pa., 1845-47; prin. Emmaus Inst., Middletown, Pa., 1847-55; 
prin. Female Sem., Lutherville, Md., 1855-61; prof. German and his- 
tory, Balto. City H. S., 1861-68; P. M. Lutherville, Md., 1857-66; m. 
Mary B. Carl, Mar. 3, 1843; she d. Jan. 16, 1863; he d. Oct. 19, 1888. 


HEISELY, F. KURTZ. No details known. 


MARTIN, CHARLES, b. near Norristown, Pa., Jan. 12, 1812; M. D., U. 
of Pa., 1833; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1837; lic. Pa. M., 1837; ord. Md. Syn., 
1837; pastor, Martinsburg, W. Va., 1837-41, 1860-61; St. James, N. Y., 
1841-51; Zion, York, Pa., 1851-55; S. Balto., 1864-66; Norway, Kas.; 
agt. Am. Tract Soc., 1855-58; prof. Lutherville Female Sem., 1855-58; 
home miss. supt., 1858-60; surgeon 96th Ill. Vols. during Civil War; 
prin. Kee Mar Col., Hagerstown, Md., 1866-69; founded Young Ladies’ 
Inst., St. Joseph, Mo., 1869, and pres., 1869-94; m. Eliza Jeanette Carl- 
ton, May 11, 1837; she d. Apr. 10, 1846; 2nd wife, Harriet A., d. May 
24, 1862; m. 3rd, Lucinda C. Robinson, Nov. 9, 1865; he d. Mar. 7, 1896. 


SPRECHER, SAMUEL, b. Washington Co., Md., Dec. 28, 1810; s. David 
S.; Gbg. Col. and Sem.; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1842; D.D., W. & J. Col. 
1849; LL.D., Gbg. Col., 1874; pastor, Harrisburg, Pa., 1836-40; Mar- 
tinsburg, W. Va., 1842-43; Chambersburg, Pa., 1843-49; prin. Emmaus 
Inst., Middletown, Pa., 1840-42; pres., Wittenberg Col., 1849-74; prof. 
philos. and theo., 1874-80; prof. systematic theo., 1880-84; prof. Emer- 
itus, Wittenberg, 1884-1906; pres. G. S., 1864-66; m. Catherine 
Schmucker, Oct. 13, 1836; she d. Nov. 7, 1879; children, Geo. S., Sam- 


374 


ALUMNI 1835 


uel P., Olivia, Laura C., Gustavus A., Cecil S., Luther M., Efeanor, 
Edward; author, Groundwork of a System of Ev. Luth. Theo., 1874; d. 
Jan. 10, 1906. 


YOUNGE, EDWARD C., f. Baltimore; Gettysburg Col. and Sem.; d. 
early; no details known. 


1835 


GAVER, JOHN, f. Middletown, Md.; Gettysburg Col. and Sem.; no de- 
tails known. 


JONES, M. J. No details known. 


KOLLER, DANIEL, b. Northumberland Co., Pa.; ord. W. Pa. Synod, 
1838; pastor, Berks Co., Pa., 1839-53; stricken from roll of Pa. M., 
1853. 


PAYNE, DANIEL ALEXANDER (colored); b. Charleston, S. C., 1811; 
taught colored sch. in S. C.; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; lic. Franck. Syn., 1837; 
ord. same, 1839; D.D., source unknown; LL.D., Lincoln U.; pastor, 
Troy, N. Y., Phila., Washn.; 1844 entered ministry of A. M. E. Ch.; 
elected bishop, 1852; elected pres., Wilberforce U., 1865; del. Oecumen- 
ical Council in London; del. World’s Parliament of Religions; ed. Re- 
pository of Rel. and Lit.; author, History of the A. M. E. Ch., Recol- 
lections of Men and Things, Domestic Education; d. Dec. 7, 1893. 


SECHLER, JACOB, b. Northumberland Co., Pa., Mar. 18, 1806; stud. 
Acad. at Reistertown, Md., York, Pa. H. S., Ref. Sem. at York, Pa.; 
Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; ord. Zion Classis; pastor (Ref. Ch.), Hanover, 
Pa., 1837-59; Littlestown, Pa., 1859-67; Manheim Chge., Pa., 1867-79; 
m. Anna Harmony, Apr. 3, 1838; 10 children; d. May 10, 1880. 


SMITH, WILLIAM H., b. Georgetown, D. C., Oct. 8, 1816; s. Lewis S.; 
grad. Gbg. Col., 1834; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; M.D., source unknown; lic. 
Syn., 1837; ord. S. C. Syn., 1839; assoc. Charleston, S. C., 1839-43; 
pastor, Balto., 1837-39; Ist, Pgh., Pa., 1843-44; St. Louis, Mo., 1844-48; 
Ardmore, Pa., 1848-50; Barren Hill, Pa., 1850-52; stricken f. the roll 
E. Pa. Syn., 1854; m. Caroline C. Trescott, May 28, 1840; he was a 
scientist and inventor; d. London, Eng., c1875. 


STARTZMAN, CHRISTIAN, b. Hagerstown, Md., Dec. 1, 1809; Gettys- 
burg Col. and Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Wil- 
liamsport, Md., 1838-49; Lovettsville, Va., 1849-53; Clearspring, Md., 

375 


1836 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1853-54, 1866-74; Myersville, Md., 1854-59, 1861-66; Sharpsburg, Md., 
1859-61; m. Eliza A. Anekeny, Jan. 12, 1846; she d. Jan. 31, 1897; he d. 
Mar. 3, 1880. 


ZIEGLER, JACOB, b. Rockland, Pa., Jan. 5, 1809; s. John Z.; York, 
Pa. Acad.; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; ord. Ref. Ch. at Red Hook, N. Y., 1837; 
pastor (Ref. Ch.), Chester Co., Pa., 1837-38; Bedford Co., Pa., 1838- 
49; Gettysburg, Pa., and vicinity, 1849-66; Paradise Chge., York Co., 
Pa., 1866-72; m. Anna Mary Danner, Dec. 20, 1837; children, Mary, 
Anna, Emma C., Ed. D., Maria, Louisa, John, Wm., Susan, Jacob, Fan- 
nie, Chas.; d. Nov. 10, 1888. 


1836 


BITTLE, DAVID FREDERICK, b. near Myersville, Md., 1811; s. Thos. 
and Mary (Baer) B.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem., 1836-37; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. Va. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Augusta 
Co., Va., 1837-45; Middletown, Md., 1845-52; tutor Gbg. Col., 1836-37; 
founded Va. Inst.; agt. Hagerstown Female Sem. and Home Miss. Soc., 
1852-53; pres. Roanoke Col., 1853-76; m. Louisa C. Krauth, Nov. 13, 
1837; author, Remarks on New Measures, 1839, Female Education, Our 
Responsibilities, Appeal to the Ger. Population of Va., 1852; d. Sept. 
25, 1876. 


BOTT, WILLIAM, f. York, Pa.; Gettysburg Col., 1834-36; d. very early. 


ELLINGER, JOHN GEORGE, b. Germany, Mar. 16, 1811; emigrated 1829; 
Gbg. Col. and Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, 
McConnelstown, Pa., 1838-40; Lewistown, Pa., 1840-42; Mahoning City, 
O., 1842-52, 1853-63; Shippenville, Pa., 1852-53; Pardee, Kas., 1864-70; 
m. Mary Ann Brumgart, Oct. 31, 1842; d. Feb. 24, 1875. 


EYSTER, MICHAEL, b. near York, Pa., May 16, 1814; s. Adam and 
Elizabeth E.; F. & M. Col., Gbg. Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1836-38; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Williamsburg, Pa., 1838-46; 
Greencastle, Pa., 1846-49; Greensburg, Pa., 1849-53; m. Julia Ann 
Eichelberger, Feb. 5, 1839; she d. Aug. 15, 1848; he d. Aug. 11, 1853. 


GERHARDT, LEONARD, b. Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger., Aug. 20, 1804; s. 
Balthaser and Anna Marie (Hentz) G.; emigrated, 1819; Gbg. Sem, 
1836-37; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1838; pastor, Abbottstown, 
Pa., 1837-38, 1850-61; Lancaster Co., Pa. ,1838-47; Middletown, Pa., and 
vicinity, 1847-50; Somerset, Pa., 1861-66; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1867-77; 


376 


ALUMNI 1836 


m. Anna Barbara Wolf, Jan. 17, 1843; children, Samuel, Luther, Gus- 
tavus; m. Margaret E. Kurtz, June 25, 1873; she d. June 2, 1911; he d. 
May 13, 1877. 


KELLER, EZRA, b. near Middletown, Md., May 12, 1812; s. Jacob and 
Rosanna (Daub) K.; stud. with A. Reck, 1830; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; 
Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Jefferson Col., 1845; ord. Md. Syn., 1837; pastor, 
miss. in west, 1836-37; Taneytown, Md., 1837-40; Hagerstown, Md., 
1840-44; pres. Wittenberg Col., 1844-48; m. Caroline Routzong, Apr. 25, 
1837; d. Dec. 29, 1848. 


SCHAEFFER, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Hagerstown, Md., May 5, 1813; 
s. Fred S. and Catherine E. (Cremer) S.; Germantown Acad.; grad. U. 
of Pa., 1832; Gbg. Sem. summer, 1836; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1852, U. of 
Pa., 1879; LL.D., Thiel Col., 1887; lic. Pa. M., 1835; ord. same, 1836; 
pastor, Barren Hill, Pa., 1835-41; Harrisburg, Pa., 1841-49; St. 
Michaels, Germantown, Pa., 1849-75; pres. G. S., 1859; trustee Gbg. 
Col., 1855-73; pres. G. C., 1868; trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1868-76; 
prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-94; trustee U. of Pa., 1859-96; m. Elizabeth 
Ashmead, 1837; children, Katharine, Charles, Eva, Rev. Wm. A.; 
author, Early Hist. of the Luth. Ch. in Am., 1857; tr. Halle Reports, 
Wackernagle’s Luther, Sach’s Wittenberg Nightingale, many hymns; ed. 
Lutheran, Foreign: Miss., Philadelphian; d. Mar. 15, 1896. 


STOEVER, CHARLES FRANKLIN, b. Lebanon, Pa., Feb. 28, 1811; s. 
Jacob and Mary S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem.; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1836; ord. Pa. M., 1838; pastor, Milton, Pa., 1836-45; Berrysburg, 
Pa., 1845-50; Dauphin, Pa., 1850-54; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1854-73; m. 
Louisa Sophia Van Hoff, Dec. 12, 1837; d. Feb. 17, 1880. 


STORK, THEOPHILUS, b. near Salisbury, N. C., Aug., 1814; s. Chas. 
A. G. S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835, and Gbg. Sem., 1837; D.D., source un- 
known; lic. Md. Syn., 1837; ord. Va. Syn., 1839; pastor Winchester, 
Va., 1837-41; St. Matt., Phila., 1841-50; St. Mark’s Phila., 1850-58; 
St. Mark’s, Balto., 1860-65; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1865-71; assoc. Mes- 
siah Phila., 1871-72; one of founders of E. Pa. Syn.; pres. New- 
berry Col., 1858-60; ed. Home Journal, Luth. Home Monthly; joint ed. 
several years of Luth. Obs.; author, Luther at Home, Luther and the 
Bible, Luther’s Xmas Tree, Children of the N. T., Home Scenes of the 
N. T., Jesus in the Temple, Afternoon, The Unseen World; m. Mary 
Jane Lynch, Nov. 16, 1837; she d. Aug. 28, 1846; m. Emma Baker, who 
d. May 24, 1917; children, Chas. A., Wm. L., Theophilus B.; he d. 
Mar. 28, 1874. 


377 


1836 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1853-54, 1866-74; Myersville, Md., 1854-59, 1861-66; Sharpsburg, Md., 
1859-61; m. Eliza A. Anekeny, Jan. 12, 1846; she d. Jan. 31, 1897; he d. 
Mar. 3, 1880. 


ZIEGLER, JACOB, b. Rockland, Pa., Jan. 5, 1809; s. John Z.; York, 
Pa. Acad.; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; ord. Ref. Ch. at Red Hook, N. Y., 1837; 
pastor (Ref. Ch.), Chester Co., Pa., 1837-38; Bedford Co., Pa., 1838- 
49; Gettysburg, Pa., and vicinity, 1849-66; Paradise Chge., York Co., 
Pa., 1866-72; m. Anna Mary Danner, Dec. 20, 1837; children, Mary, 
Anna, Emma C., Ed. D., Maria, Louisa, John, Wm., Susan, Jacob, Fan- 
nie, Chas.; d. Nov. 10, 1888. 


1836 


BITTLE, DAVID FREDERICK, b. near Myersville, Md., 1811; s. Thos. 
and Mary (Baer) B.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem., 1836-37; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. Va. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Augusta 
Co., Va., 1837-45; Middletown, Md., 1845-52; tutor Gbg. Col., 1836-37; 
founded Va. Inst.; agt. Hagerstown Female Sem. and Home Miss. Soc., 
1852-53; pres. Roanoke Col., 1853-76; m. Louisa C. Krauth, Nov. 13, 
1837; author, Remarks on New Measures, 1839, Female Education, Our 
Responsibilities, Appeal to the Ger. Population of Va., 1852; d. Sept. 
25, 1876. 


BOTT, WILLIAM, f{. York, Pa.; Gettysburg Col., 1834-36; d. very early. 


ELLINGER, JOHN GEORGE, b. Germany, Mar. 16, 1811; emigrated 1829; 
Gbg. Col. and Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, 
McConnelstown, Pa., 1838-40; Lewistown, Pa., 1840-42; Mahoning City, 
O., 1842-52, 1853-63; Shippenville, Pa., 1852-53; Pardee, Kas., 1864-70; 
m. Mary Ann Brumgart, Oct. 31, 1842; d. Feb. 24, 1875. 


EYSTER, MICHAEL, b. near York, Pa, May 16, 1814; s. Adam and 
Elizabeth E.; F. & M. Col., Gbg. Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1836-38; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Williamsburg, Pa., 1838-46; 
Greencastle, Pa., 1846-49; Greensburg, Pa., 1849-53; m. Julia Ann 
Eichelberger, Feb. 5, 1839; she d. Aug. 15, 1848; he d. Aug. 11, 1853. 


GERHARDT, LEONARD, b. Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger., Aug. 20, 1804; s. 
Balthaser and Anna Marie (Hentz) G.; emigrated, 1819; Gbg. Sem., 
1836-37; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1838; pastor, Abbottstown, 
Pa., 1837-38, 1850-61; Lancaster Co., Pa. ,1838-47; Middletown, Pa., and 
vicinity, 1847-50; Somerset, Pa., 1861-66; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1867-77; 


376 


ALUMNI 1836 


m. Anna Barbara Wolf, Jan. 17, 1843; children, Samuel, Luther, Gus- 
tavus; m. Margaret E. Kurtz, June 25, 1873; she d. June 2, 1911; he d. 
May 13, 1877. 


KELLER, EZRA, b. near Middletown, Md., May 12, 1812; s. Jacob and 
Rosanna (Daub) K.; stud. with A. Reck, 1830; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; 
Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Jefferson Col., 1845; ord. Md. Syn., 1837; pastor, 
miss. in west, 1836-37; Taneytown, Md., 1837-40; Hagerstown, Md., 
1840-44; pres. Wittenberg Col., 1844-48; m. Caroline Routzong, Apr. 25, 
1837; d. Dec. 29, 1848. 


SCHAEFFER, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Hagerstown, Md., May 5, 1813; 
s. Fred S. and Catherine E. (Cremer) S.; Germantown Acad.; grad. U. 
of Pa., 1832; Gbg. Sem. summer, 1836; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1852, U. of 
Pa., 1879; LL.D., Thiel Col., 1887; lic. Pa. M., 1835; ord. same, 1836; 
pastor, Barren Hill, Pa. 1835-41; Harrisburg, Pa., 1841-49; St. 
Michaels, Germantown, Pa., 1849-75; pres. G. S., 1859; trustee Gbg. 
Col., 1855-73; pres. G. C., 1868; trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1868-76; 
prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-94; trustee U. of Pa., 1859-96; m. Elizabeth 
Ashmead, 1837; children, Katharine, Charles, Eva, Rev. Wm. A.; 
author, Early Hist. of the Luth. Ch. in Am., 1857; tr. Halle Reports, 
Wackernagle’s Luther, Sach’s Wittenberg Nightingale, many hymns; ed. 
Lutheran, Foreign Miss., Philadelphian; d. Mar. 15, 1896. 


STOEVER, CHARLES FRANKLIN, b. Lebanon, Pa., Feb. 28, 1811; s. 
Jacob and Mary S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem.; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1836; ord. Pa. M., 1838; pastor, Milton, Pa., 1836-45; Berrysburg, 
Pa., 1845-50; Dauphin, Pa., 1850-54; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1854-73; m. 
Louisa Sophia Van Hoff, Dec. 12, 1837; d. Feb. 17, 1880. 


STORK, THEOPHILUS, b. near Salisbury, N. C., Aug., 1814; s. Chas. 
A. G. S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835, and Gbg. Sem., 1837; D.D., source un- 
known; lic. Md. Syn., 1837; ord. Va. Syn., 1839; pastor Winchester, 
Va., 1837-41; St. Matt., Phila., 1841-50; St. Mark’s Phila. 1850-58; 
St. Mark’s, Balto., 1860-65; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1865-71; assoc. Mes- 
siah Phila., 1871-72; one of founders of E. Pa. Syn.; pres. New- 
berry Col., 1858-60; ed. Home Journal, Luth. Home Monthly; joint ed. 
several years of Luth. Obs.; author, Luther at Home, Luther and the 
Bible, Luther’s Xmas Tree, Children of the N. T., Home Scenes of the 
N. T., Jesus in the Temple, Afternoon, The Unseen World; m. Mary 
Jane Lynch, Nov. 16, 1837; she d. Aug. 28, 1846; m. Emma Baker, who 
d. May 24, 1917; children, Chas. A., Wm. L., Theophilus B.; he d. 
Mar. 28, 1874. 


377 


1837 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


TOWN, EDWIN, f. Philadelphia; lic. N.Y. Min., 1839; ord. Md. Classis 
Ref. Ch., 1844; dismissed by N. Y. Min. to Phila. Classis, 1842; to Md. 
Classis, 1843; to 3rd Presby., Phila., 1844; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1839; 
Ardmore, Pa., 1840-42; Wilmington, Del. (Presby.); d. 1879. 


WALTER, JACOB F., f. Tuscarawas Co., O.; Gettysburg Col. and Sem.; 
no details known; d. very early. 


WEIBEL, JOHN, b. c1807; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1837; ord. same 1838; 
pastor, Rosstown, Pa., 1837-c42; d. Aug. 9, 1857. 


WILLIAMS, JOHN T., b. York Co., Pa, Nov. 11, 1806; lic. W. Pa: 
Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Muncy, Pa., 1838-43; Shippens- 
burg, Pa., 1843-50; Huntington, Pa., 1850-51; Union Furnace, Pa., 
1851-54; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1854, 1865-67; Old Fort, Pa., 1854-56; 
McEwensville, Pa., 1856-59; Blair, Pa., 1859-65; Boalsburg, Pa., 1867- 
74; Milton, Pa., 1874-75; Camp Hill, Pa., 1875-78; at York, Pa., 1878- 
83; m. Catherine J. Kast, Dec. 7, 1848; she d. June 6, 1885; he d. May 
26, 1883. 


1837 


CONRAD, FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Jan. 3, 1816; s. 
Henry W. and Elizabeth (Kendall) C.; Mt. Airy Col., 1828-31; Gbeg. 
Sem., 1837-39; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1864; LL.D., Roanoke Col., 1889; 
lic. Pa. M., 1839; ord. Md. Syn., 1841; pastor, Pine Grove, Pa., 1839-41; 
Waynesboro, Pa., 1841-44; St. John’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1844-50; Ist, 
Dayton, O., 1855-62; Trinity, Lancaster, Pa., 1862-64; Chambersburg, 
Pa., 1864-66; Messiah, Phila., 1866-72; prof. Wittenberg Col. and Sem., 
1850-55; assoc. ed. Ev. Luth., 1850-55; ed. Luth. Obs., 1862-98; m. Re- 
becca Filbert, May 11, 1841; d. Apr. 10, 1898. 


DIEHL, GEORGE, b. near Greencastle, Pa., Sept. 19, 1814; s. Michael 
and Catherine D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1837; Gbg. Sem., 1837-39; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1856; lic. Va. Syn., 1840; ord. Md. Syn., 1841; pastor, Boons- 
boro, Md., 1840-43; 2nd, Easton, Pa., 1843-51; Frederick, Md., 1851-88; 
St. Jas., Frederick, Md., 1888-91; tutor Gbg. Col., 1837-39; pres. G. S. 
1871-73; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee Gbg. Col.; assoc. ed. Luth. Obs., 1855- 
67; prop. and ed. Frederick Examiner, 1888-91; m. Kate E. Drink- 
houser, July, 1850; dau. Marie; d. Oct. 15, 1891. 


FREY, EMANUEL, b. York, Pa., Aug. 30, 1816; s. Jacob F.; York Co., 
Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1837; Gbg. Sem., 1837-38; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1838; pastor, Ist, Pgh., 1838; invalid; unmarried; d. Nov. 7; 1871. 


378 


ALUMNI 1837 


GREEVER, JOHN J., b. Burkes Garden, Va., 1811; Gettysburg Col., 
1835-37; Gbg. Sem.; lic. N. C. Syn., 1840; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1842; 
pastor, Burkes Garden, Va., 1840-77; one of founders S. W. Va. Syn.; 
m. Margaret Peery, Apr. 2, 1840; d. June 30, 1877. 


HOFFHEINS, EMANUEL H., b. York Co., Pa. Sept. 18, 1815; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1839; entered ministry of Ref. Ch.; lic. Zion Classis, 1839; 
ord. Sus. Classis, 1839; pastor, Beaver Dam Ch., Snyder Co., Pa., 
1839-40; Elizabethtown, Pa., 1840-50; New Providence, Pa., 1850-52; 
Abbottstown, Pa., 1852-63; d. Mar. 28, 1863. 


HOFFMAN, JAMES BARNET, f. St. Thomas; lic. E. O. Synod, 1838; 
ord. same, 1842; pastor, Brookfield, O., 1838-40; Hancock Co., O., and 
vicinity, 1840-44; left Luth. ministry, 1844. 


LEPLEY, CHRISTIAN, b. Petersburg, O., Dec. 5, 1811; Gettysburg Col., 
1832-37; Gbg. Sem., 1837-39; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1839; ord. same, 1840; 
assoc. Martinsburg, W. Va., 1839; pastor, Lewistown, Pa., 1839-43; 
Frostburg, Md., 1843-55; Cumberland, Md., 1857-59; Williamsport, Md., 
1859-64; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1865; Baltimore, Md., 1866; Marshall- 
town, Ia., 1866-67; Swissvale, Pa., 1867-68; Bellefontaine, O., 1868-72; 
Hagerstown, Md., 1872-73; Hampstead, Md., 1873-75; Reisterstown, 
Md., 1875-85; agt. for Gbg. Sem., 1839; taught sch. 1855-57; in Govt. 
employ at Washn., 1864-65; ed. dm. Luth.; m. M. R. Rupley, Jan. 1, 
1840; children, Mirs. Zella B. Watkins and Mrs. F, Ph. Hennighausen ; 
she d. Sept. 23, 1864; m. Mrs. Eliza Mong, May 19, 1870; he d. Feb. 
19, 1905. 


SMITH, DAVID, b. Perry Co., Pa. July 10, 1814; Gettysburg Col. and 
Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1840; ord. same, 1842; served pastorates in Pa., 
O., Ind., Ky., Il., doing much miss. work; m. Catherine Welty, c1840; 
m. Georgeanna Young, 1863; d. Sept. 5, 1895. 


WAGNER, SAMUEL, b. Pottstown, Pa., May 12, 1812; Gettysburg Col., 
1835-37; Gbg. Sem., 1838-39; lic. Va. Syn., 1839; ord. same, 1841; pas- 
tor, Augusta Co., Va., 1839-47; Washingtonville, O., 1847-57; m. Cath- 
erine Margaret Keiser, Nov. 23, 1841; children, Luther, Laura, Wm., 
James, Cornelia F., Theophilus M., Alpheus E., Alice E., Lorena L., 
Preston M., Lawrence A., Mary U.; she d. Mar. 1902, he d. Nov. 
26, 1900. 


YOUNG, A. L. B., f. Baltimore; no details known. 
379 


1838 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1838 


BISHOP, HENRY, b. Martinsburg, W. Va. Apr. 29, 1815; Gettysburg 
Col. and Sem.; lic. E. O. Syn., 1840; ord. same, 1842; pastor, Tarlton, 
O., and vicinity, 1840-43; Indiana, Pa., 1843-49; Williamsport, Pa., 
1849-55; Emmitsburg, Md., 1855-62; Balto., 1862-66; Frostburg, Md., 
1866-71; Elvira, Ia., 1871-72; Summit, Ia., 1874-76; Columbus Junction, 
Ia. (Presby.), 1876-77; book merchant in Paducah, Ky., 1872-74; m. 
Elizabeth Humrikhouse, Dec. 15, 1841; d. Aug. 17, 1877. 


KEISER, JAMES R., b. Waynesboro, Va., Sept. 28, 1812; grad. Gettysburg 
Col., 1838; lic., 1841; ord. Va. Syn., 1842; pastor, Winchester, Va., 
1841-42; supply, St. Matthew’s, Phila., 1842-43; pastor, New German- 
town, N. J., 1843-49; Schoharie, N. Y., 1849-56; St. James, Gettysburg, 
Pa., 1858-61; Dixon, IIl., 1861-64; Theresa, N. Y. (Presby.); agt. for 
Am. Tract Soc., 1856-58; with Am. S. S. Union in N. J. after 1864; 
entered Presby. Ch., cl864; m. Eliza Murphy, Dec. 28, 1843; d. Oct. 
12, 1872. 


KELLER, F. A. MUHLENBERG, b. Carlisle, Pa., Apr. 28, 1819; s. Ben- 
jamin and Catherine E. Cremer (Schaeffer) K.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1838; 
Gbg. Sem.; lic. Pa. M., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Trinity, Reading, 
Pa., 1842-50; St. James, Reading, Pa., 1850-64; enlisted in state service, 
1862; m. Susan H. Hunter, Mar. 28, 1848; she d. 1857; he d. Mar. 18, 
1864. 


McCRON, JOHN, b. Manchester, Eng., Oct. 23, 1807; emigrated 1831; 
taught at Mechanicsburg, Pa., and became a local M. E. preacher before 
1838; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1857; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1839; ord. same, 1840; 
pastor, Ist, Pgh. 1839-42; Lancaster, O., 1842-43; Pikeland, Pa., 
1843-47; Easton, Pa., 1847-51; Norristown, Pa., 1851-52; Rhinebeck, 
N. Y., 1852-54; Middletown, Md., 1854-55; Monument St. Ch., Balto., 
1855-60; Lexington St. Ch., Balto., 1860-73; Bloomsburg, Pa., cl1875-78; 
Pottsville, Pa., 1878-80; Lutherbaum, Phila., 1880-81; prin. Hagers- 
town Female Sem., 1873-c75; m. Martha Morse; dau. Jennie; m. Martha 
A. Bailey, Dec. 23, 1878; she d. June 29, 1882; he d. Apr. 26, 1881. 


NAILLE, JOHN, b. Frederick Co., Md., Feb. 18, 1801; A. B., Gettysburg 
Col., 1838; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1840; entered ministry of Ref. Ch.; lic. 
Syn. Ger. Ref. Ch., 1840; ord. E. Sus. Classis, 1841; pastor, Liverpool 
Chge., Perry Co., Pa., 1841-46; Wentz Chge., Mont. Co., Pa., 1846-57; 
Elizabethtown, Pa., 1857-67; 3 chgs. in Ind., Ill., Ia., 1867-81; rt. at 
Trappe, Pa., 1881-01; m. Sarah B. Ernst, 1826; she d. Nov. 17, 1888; 
he d. Aug. 28, 1901. 


380 


ALUMNI 1839 


SENTMAN, SOLOMON, b. Chester Co., Pa., July 14, 1807; lic. Md. Synod, 
1840; ord. same, 1841; pastor, Taneytown, Md., 1841-58; Barren Hill, 
Pa., 1858-62; Chestnut Hill, Pa., 1862-63; Lionville, Pa., 1863-70; prin. 
prep. dept. Gbg. Col., 1870-71; trustee Gbg. Col., 1856-71; m. Eliza L. 
Lehn, Apr. 5, 1832; 7 children; she d. Dec. 4, 1855; m. Sallie A. Leh- 
man, July 13, 1858; he d. Dec. 17, 1871. 


WILLOX, JOHN R., f. Aberdeen, Scotland; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1840; 
ord. same, 1841; pastor, Clearfield, Pa., 1840-42; Friesburg, N. J., 
1842-51; Riegelsville, Pa., 1851-61; Fox Hill, N. J., 1861-72; Fair- 
mount, N. J., 1872-73; entered ministry of Presby. Ch., 1861; d. Feb. 
23, 1873. 


1839 


ANSPACH, FREDERICK REINHARDT, b. Center Co., Pa., Jan., 1815; s. 
John and Catherine R. A.; Mifflinburg Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, 
and Sem., 1841; D.D., F. & M. Col., 1857; lic. Pa. M., 1841; ord. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1842; pastor, Barren Hill, Pa., 1841-50; Hagerstown, Md., 1850-57; 
one of founders Hagerstown Female Sem.; co-ed. and prop. Luth. 
Obs., 1856-61; m. Lily Rhinehart, Jan. 25, 1844; she d. July 8, 1858; 
m. Mrs. Susan Mathiot Gale, Apr. 10, 1860; author, Sepulchres of Our 
Departed, 1854; Hist. of the Am. Party, 1855; Two Pilgrims, 1857; tr., 
Schwenkfeld, 1853; d. Sept. 16, 1867. 


EHRENFELD, GEORGE FREDERICK, b. Philadelphia, Jan. 20, 1810; s. 
Dr. A. C. and Charlotte (Stetzer) E.; Mifflinburg Acad.; Gbg. Col., 
1835-38; Gbg. Sem., 1839-40; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1840; ord. same, 1841; 
pastor, Clarion Co., Pa., 1840-45 Armstrong Co., Pa., 1845-55; Ist. 
pres. Pb. S.; m. Esther Hill, Apr. 24, 1842; children, Geo., Chas., 
Wm. Mrs. A. Breckenridge, Mrs. S. G. Sloan; she d. Feb. 1, 1901; he 
d. July 26, 1876. 


EYSTER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. near Gettysburg, Pa., Jan. 20, 1822; 
s. Jacob and Mary (Middlecoff) E.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 
1841; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; D.D., LL.D., source unknown; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1842; pastor, Jefferson, Md., 1841-44; German- 
town, Pa., 1844-51; Chambersburg, Pa., 1851-58; Smithburg, Md., 1860- 
64; Greencastle, Pa., 1864-68; taught at Jefferson, Md., 1841-44; prin. 
Hagerstown Female Sem., 1858-60, 1868-72; prof. Augustana Col., 1875- 
83; m. Lucretia Williams Gibson, Mar. 25, 1850; children, Alice M., 
Wm. L., Geo. L., Mrs. J. C. Snively; d. June 18, 1921. 


HARRIS, JACOB GOERING, b. York, Pa., Feb. 14, 1817; s. William C. 
and Maria (Goering) H.; York Co., Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and 


381 


1839 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; ord. E. O. Syn., 1844; pastor, Belle- 
fontaine, O., 1842-43; Shanesville, O., 1843-48; Tippecanoe, O., 1849- 
55; Boone Co., Ky., 1855-63; prof. Wittenberg Col., 1848-49; m. Sarah 
Horn, Dec. 28, 1843; d. Dec. 14, 1900. 


HAY, CHARLES AUGUSTUS. See Faculty, page 305. 


HECK, JOHN, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Dec. 11, 1809; s. Ludwig and 
Catherine H.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; 
ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1842; pastor, Newville, Pa., 1842-44; Waynesboro, 
Pa., 1844-57; Smithsburg, Pa., 1857-61; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee Gbg. 
Col.; m. Anna Ziegler, Dec. 2, 1847; children, Fred Z., Lewis L., John 
M., Geo. S., David J.; d. Mar. 11, 1861. 


HIESTER, JOHN P., f. Chester Co., Pa.; pastor Bellville, Pa., 1841-43; 
Bloomsburg, Pa., 1843-47; Lightstreet, Pa., 1847-50; Petersburg, Pa., 
1850-53; Farm Ridge, Ill., 1854-66; m. Ann Eliza Taylor, 1843; she d. 
June 4, 1850; no record of lic. or ord.; left Luth. Ministry, 1866. 


KRAUTH, CHARLES PORTERFIELD, b. Martinsburg, W. Va., Mar. 17, 
1823; s. Chas. Philip and Catherine S. (Heiskell) K.; grad. Gbg. Col., 
1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1842; D.D., Gbg. 
Col., 1856; LL.D., same, 1874; pastor, Canton, Balto., 1841-42; 2nd. 
Balto., 1842-47; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1847-48; Winchester, Va., 1848- 
55; 1st, Pb., Pa., 1855-59; St. Mark’s, Phila., 1859-61; St. Stephen’s, 
Phila., 1866-67; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee of U. of Pa.; ed. Luth. and 
Home Journal, 1860; ed. Luth. and Miss., 1861-64; prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 
1864-83; prof. U. of Pa., 1868-83; one of founders of G. C.; pres. G. C., 
1870-79; Vice-Provost U. of Pa., 1873-83; member Am. Com. for Bible 
Revision (O. T.) ; member many important bds. and coms.; tr. Tholuck’s 
Commentary on John, 1859; ed. Fleming’s Vocabulary of Philos., 1860; 
author, Augsburg Conf. with Notes, 1868; Christian Liberty in Rela- 
tion to the Usages of the Ev. Luth. Ch., 1860; Hist. Sketches of the 
Thirty Years’ War, 1870; The Conservative Ref. and Its Theo., 1872; 
Infant Baptism and Infant Salvation in the Calvanistic System, 1874; 
Berkeley’s Principles, 1874; The Strength and Weakness of Idealism, 
1874; A Chronicle of the Augs. Conf., 1878; several poems; m. Susan 
Reynolds, Nov. 12, 1844; she d. Nov. 18, 1853; m. Virginia Baker, May, 
1855; children, Harriet R., Chas. P., Rev. Geo. E.; he d. Jan. 2, 1883. 


KUNKEL, CHRISTIAN F., b. Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 12, 1814; Gettys- 
burg Prep and Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1843; pastor, 
Fayettville, Pa., 1841-50; Shippensburg, Pa., 1850-55; m. Amanda Wil- 
helm, May 11, 1841; d. Sept. 16, 1855. 


382 


ALUMNI 1839 


LAITZLE, WILLIAM GOTTLIEB, b. Canstadt, Wurtemberg, Ger.,’ Oct. 
1, 1814; s. Christopher F. and Catherine L.; emigrated 1816; lic. Pa. 
M., 1841; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1842; pastor, Dauphin Co., Pa., 1841-43; 
Blair Co., Pa., 1843-48; Huntingdon Co., Pa., 1848-50; miss. in Ind., 
1850-52; Lebanon Co., Pa., 1852-54; Elizabethtown, Pa., 1854-65; Potts- 
town, Pa., 1866-74; Leighton, Pa., 1877-82; d. July 13, 1894. 


LEAS, JOHN GEORGE, b. Adams Co., Pa.; s. Moses and Anna L.; grad. 
Gbg. Col., 1839; Gbg. Sem., 1839-41; d. Apr. 9, 1841. 


LEHMAN, JOHN, b. Mar. 10, 1818; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1841; ord. Mia. 
Syn., 1845; pastor, Zelienople, Pa., 1842-64; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1841-42; 
wife, Sarah Elizabeth; d. July 20, 1844; m. Louisa M. Weaver, Feb. 16, 
1846; he d. May 31, 1883. 


RHUDY, STEPHEN, b. Burke’s Garden, Va., Oct. 23, 1814; Gettysburg 
Col., 1837-39; Gbg. Sem.; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1846; 
miss. work in Tazewell and Bland Cos., Va.; engaged in teaching; m. 
Cynthia Mahood; d. June 9, 1894. 


TRIMPER, ABRAHAM A., b. Claverack, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1816; grad. 
Hart. Sem., Union Col., and Gbg. Sem.; lic. Syn. of the West, 1841; 
ord. same, 1843; pastor, Indianapolis, Ind., 1841-44; Hillsboro, III, 
1844-52; several chs. in N. Ill. and Ia., changing frequently; Lawrence, 
Kas., 1873-84; prin. Hillsboro Acad.; prin. Peru Acad., 1854; pres. 
Mendota Col., 1858; agt. for Carthage Col., 1869-72; m. Catherine 
Miller, who d. 1881; children, Mary, Katie, Lucy, Henry S., Ed. P.; 
m. Susan R. Rand, Sept., 1883; he d. Dec. 28, 1884. 


WADSWORTH, WILLIAM A., b. Jefferson, Md., 1812; s. William and 
Susan W.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; 
ord. E. O. Syn., 1843; pastor, Canton, O., 1841-43; prof. Washn. Sem., 
Perryopolis, Pa., 1843-44; d. Apr. 29, 1844. 


WILLARD, PHILIP, b. Jefferson, Md., Sept. 29, 1809; s. Geo. and Susanna 
(Culler) W.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1841; ord. Md. Syn., 1842; pastor, Manchester, Md., 1841-42; West- 
minster, Md., 1842-45; Lovettsville, Va., 1845-48; Danville, Pa., 1850-56; 
Loysville, Pa., 1856-58; Mifflintown, Pa., 1858-61; Schuylkill Haven, 
Pa., 1861-62; agt. Gbg. Col., 1849; agt. Luth. Bd. Pub., 1863-68; supt. 
Loysville Orphans’ Home, 1868-89; m. Margaretta Chritzman, Oct. 21, 
1841; children, Martin L., Geo., S. S., Ezra, H. F., T. Newton, Jennie, 
Nettie; she d. Feb. 2, 1891; he d. July 26, 1893. 


383 


1840 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1840 


BASSLER, GOTTLIEB, b. Berne, Switzerland, 1813; A. B., Gettysburg 
Col., 1840; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. Pb. 
Syn., 1845; pastor, Zelienople, Pa., 1842-64; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1841-42; 
dir. Zelienople Orphans’ Home, 1854-68; one of founders of Pb. Syn.; 
pres. Reading Convention, 1866; pres. G. C., 1867-68; m. Eliza Gilbert, 
Oct. 31, 1844; d. Oct. 3, 1868. 


BERG, ANDREW, b. Mundenbein, Palatinate, Ger., Nov. 30, 1810; arrived 
Balto., Sept., 1832; Gbg. Col., 1837-40; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Perry Co., Pa., 1842-43; 
Shrewsbury, Pa., 1843-73; Chambersburg, Pa., 1873-74; Sunbury, Pa., 
1874-77; Leacock, Pa., 1877-84; m. Eliza A. Williams, 1842; 6 children; 
d. Feb. 6, 1884. 


BROWN, JAMES ANDREW, b. Wythe Co., Va., Dec. 22, 1815; s. Christ- 
opher and Anna B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1840; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; D.D., 
source unknown; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1844; 
pastor, Wytheville, Va., 1843-82; m. Eleanora C. Herbst, July 9, 1843; 
she d. 1879; m. Alice V. Sharit, Sept. 19, 1880; children, Ruth E., 
James A., Leah E.; he d. Mar. 4, 1900. 


DEYOE, EPHRAIM, b. Spencertown, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1814; s. Pierre and 
Mary (Smyth) D.; A.B., Union Col., 1841; Gbg. Sem., 1841-42; Union 
Sem.; ord. N. Y. Syn., 1843; pastor, Woodstock, N. Y., 1842-45; Ghent, 
N. Y., 1846-58; German Valley, N. J., 1858-67; Ramapo, N. Y., and 
Ramsey, N. J., 1867-78; rt. 1878; m. Anna B. Crounse, 1846; children, 
Mary, Anna B., M. Burg, Adam C., Luther, Chas., J. Willard; she d. 
Apr., 1899; he d. Feb. 22, 1899. 


LOEFFLER, JAMES, f. Tribes Hill, N. Y.; b. Aug. 28, 1817; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1842; ord. Hart. Syn., 1843; pastor, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1842-43; 
Middleburg, N. Y., 1843-45; Royalton, N. Y., 1845-46; Fayette, N. Y., 
1846-51, 1866; West Sandlake, N. Y., 1851-66; Berne, N. Y., 1866-74; 
Livingston, N. Y., 1875-77; d. Apr. 14, 1877. 


McCHESNEY, WILLIAM R., f. Brunswick, N. Y.; A.B., Union Col.; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. Md. Syn., 1842; pastor, Louisville, Ky., 
1842-44; deposed by Syn. of the West, 1844; entered ministry of Ch. of 
Christ; d. early. 


NEFF, GEORGE, b. Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1813; Hart. Sem.; A.B., U. 
of Pa.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1886; lic. N. Y. 
Min., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Trinity, Phila., 1842-47; Saddle 


384 


ALUMNI 1840 


River, N. J., 1847-50; Passyunk, Pa., 1850-55; Wurtemburg, N. Y., 
1856-76; prof. Hart. Sem.; pres. N. Y. & N. J. Syn., 1878-86; children, 
John R., Susanna; d. Aug. 6, 1900. 


PASSAVANT, WILLIAM ALFRED, b. Zelienople, Pa., Oct. 9, 1821; s. 
Philip L. and Zelia (Basse) P.; A.B., Jefferson Col., 1840; Gbg. Sem., 
1840-42; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. Md. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1843; 
pastor, Canton, Balto., 1842-44; Ist, Pb, Pa., 1844-45; ed. Luth. 
Almanac, 1841-43; assoc. ed. Luth. Obs., 1842-48; organized Pb. Syn., 
1845; del. to Evan. Alliance, London, 1846; ed. and pub. Missionary, 
1848-61; introduced deaconesses into U. S., 1848; ed. and pub. The 
Workman, 1880-94; est. hospitals in Pb., Pa., Milwaukee, Wis., Chicago 
and Jacksonville, Ill.; projected Maywood Sem. and Thiel Col.; est. 
orphanages at Zelienople, Pa., and Rochester, Pa.; m. Eliza Walter, 
May 1, 1845; children, Wm., Harry; d. June 3, 1894. 


RUDE, ANDERS RUDOLPH, b. Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct. 5, 1813; 
stud. Germany, Andover, Mass., and Gbg. Sem.; D.D., source unknown; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1842; ord. Va. Syn., 1843; pastor, Jefferson, Md., 1842; 
miss. for Va. Syn., 1842-43; Mt. Jackson, Va., 1843-63; Columbia, S. 
C., 1863-74, 1876-83; Georgetown, Tex., 1874-76; ed. Luth. Visitor for 
several years; prof. So. Sem.; m. Mrs. Steambergen; s. Wm.; she d. 
c1863; he d. May 21, 1883, 


SAND, JACOB, f. Knox, N. Y.; A.B., Union Col.; did not enter minis- 
try; d. very early. 


SCHOCK, JAMES L., b. near Hamburg, Pa., Mar. 16, 1816; s. Valentine 
and Elizabeth S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1839; Gbg. Sem., 1840-41; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1863; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1841; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1842; pastor, 
St. Matthew’s, Reading, Pa., 1841-49; Chambersburg, Pa., 1849-52; St. 
James, N. Y. City, 1852-65; tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1840-41; unmarried; dis- 
appeared mysteriously Oct. 29, 1865. 


SCHWARTZ, ELIAS, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Nov. 5, 1815; s. Jacob and 
Magdalena S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1840, and Sem., 1842; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1842; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1843; pastor, Danville, Pa., 1842-45; Man- 
chester, Md., 1845-48; Martinsburg, Pa., 1848-50; Canton, Ill, 1850-53, 
1857-59; Hillsboro, Ill., 1853-54; De Soto, Ill., 1859-69; Dongola, II, 
1869-70; m. Rebecca Buffington, Apr. 27, 1843; one child; she d. Jan. 2, 
1851; m. Julia L. Scherer, July 7, 1853; he d. Mar. 11, 1892. 


WENZEL, GEORGE ANTON, b. Dittlofrod, Bavaria, Ger., Jan. 11, 1816; 
s. Daniel and Anna W.; emigrated, 1833; A.B., Jefferson Col., 1840; 
Gbg. Sem., 1840-41; stud. theo. with Dr. Demme; D.D., Thiel Col., 1887; 


385, 


1841 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


lic. Pa. Min., 1843; ord. same, 1845; pastor, Hecktown, Pa., 1843-50; 
Mt. Bethel, Pa., 1850-52; Trappe, 1852-54; assoc. Zion’s and St. 
Michael’s, Phila., 1854-1859; pastor, St. Michael’s, Phila., 1859-65; 2nd. 
Ger., Pgh., Pa., 1865-79; Warren, Pa., 1879-81; Washington, Pa., 1881- 
94; m. Jane B. McAfee, June 28, 1844; tr. bios. Spencer and Paul Ger- 
hart; d. Dec. 12, 1896. 


WHEELER, HIRAM, b. Jefferson, N. Y., May 28, 1808; A.B., Union 
Col.; lic. Hart. Syn., 1841; ord. N. Y. Min., 1842; pastor, Church- 
town, N. Y., 1842-48; Woodstock, N. Y., 1848-50, 1868-70; Waterloo, 
N. Y., 1850-51; Livingston Manor, N. Y., 1851-58; Sharon, N. Y., 
1858-61; West Amsterdam, N. Y., 1861-66; m. Catherine Stickle, c1843; 


2 children; she d. Mar. 8, 1851; m. Emma Near; one s.; he d. Jan. 
26, 1884. 


1841 


GUNN, WALTER, b. Carlisle, N. Y., June 27, 1815; A.B., Union Col., 
1840; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. Hart. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1843; 


miss. for Hart. Syn., 1842-43; miss. to India, 1843-51; m. Lorena Pultz, 
1843; 2 children; d. July 8, 1851. 


HUNDERDOSSE, WILLIAM, b. Germany, cl1816; Gettysburg Col., 1839- 
41; lic. Syn. of the West, 1843; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Huntingdon, 
Ia., cl1845-c48; Beardstown, Ill., c1851-c52; Vandalia, Ill, c1852-55; 
Claremont, Il]., 1855-56; Newberry, Ia., 1856-59; Caloma, Ia., 1859-62; 
Hanging Rock, O., 1862-68; d. Mar. 12, 1868. 


LAWSON, SAMUEL B., b. Codorus, Pa., June 28, 1808; Gettysburg Col. 
1839-41; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1843; ord. Al. Syn., 1845; pastor, Somerset 
Co., Pa., 1843-53; Fryburg, Pa., 1853-59; West Newton, Pa., 1859-65; 


m. Catherine Smith, Apr. 27, 1829; 10 children; she d. Mar. 4, 1872; he 
d. Feb. 7, 1865. 


SCHERER, JACOB, b. Botetourt Co., Va., Nov. 25, 1816; s. Daniel and 
Rachael S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1843; lic. Syn. of 
the West, 1843; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Indianapolis, Ind., 1843-45; 
Wabash Co., Ill., 1845-46; Olney, Ill., 1846-47; miss. for Ill. Syn., 1847- 
49; Shelbyville, Ill., 1850-51; m. Eliza Gotwald, May, 1845; she d. 
Sept. 25, 1855; he d. Oct. 15, 1851. 


SCHMUCKER, SAMUEL MOSHEIM, b. New Market, Va., Jan. 12, 1823; 
s. Samuel S. and Eleanora (Geiger) S.; A.B., Washn. Col., 1841; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1843; Phila. Law Acad.; LL.D., source unknown; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Lewistown, Pa., 1842-45; St. 

386 


ALUMNI 1842 


Michael’s, Germantown, Pa., 1845-49; changed name to Smucker; ad- 
mitted to Phila. Bar, 1850; m. Mary Miller, May 21, 1845; author 20 
vols. Hist. and Biography; d. May 12, 1863. 


WEAVER, WILLIAM, b. Adams Co., Pa., May 20, 1815; s. Jacob and 
Margaret (Eyster) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1843; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1843; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Newry, Pa., 1843-46; 
Millerstown, Pa., 1846-50; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1850-53; Phoenixville, Pa., 
1853-63; m. Louisa C. Ush, Aug. 31, 1847; m. Susan C. Painter, Aug. 
23, 1853; one child, Lillian; took out many patents; d. Aug. 13, 1896. 


WILLIAMS, LEVI T., b. Adams Co., Pa., Aug. 23, 1814; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 
1843; ord. same, 1845; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1843-46; Fayetteville, 
Pa., 1846-48; Mifflintown, Pa., 1848-58; Taneytown, Md., 1858-67; Lit- 
tlestown, Pa., 1867-74; near York, Pa., 1874-c83; m. Margaret Immel, 
Apr. 13, 1847; she d. 1920; he d. Jan. 28, 1887. 


ZIEGLER, HENRY, b. Center Co., Pa., Aug. 19, 1816; s. Jacob and Cath- 
eine Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1843; D.D., Wittenberg 
Col., 1860; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1843; ord. Pb. Syn., 1846; pastor, Selins- 
grove, Pa., 1843-45; miss. for Pb. Syn., 1845-50; Williamsport, Pa., 
1850-53; Salona, Pa., 1855-58; agt. Parent Ed. Soc., 1853-55; prof. 
Sus. U., 1858-81; supt. Sus. U., 1865-81; m. Eliza App, May 19, 1844; 
7 children; she d. Apr. 16, 1901; author, Natural Theo., 1860; Apolo- 
getic Theo., 1861; Catechetics, 1873: The Pastor, 1876: The Preacher, 
1876: Dogmatic Theo., 1878; d. Nov. 26, 1898. 


1842 


ALBACH, J. WILLIAM, b. in Ger.; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 1841; lic. O. 
Jt. Syn., Eng. Dist., 1845; miss. in Ia., Ind., and O.; suspended by O. Jt. 
Syn., 1852; engaged in business in St. Louis, Mo.; Magister of Immanuel 
Parochial Sch. for many years; d. 1900. 


BAKER, HENRY, b. Bakersville, Md., Nov. 23, 1816; s. Elias and Ann B.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1886; lic. E. O. Syn., 1842; ord. 
Miami Syn., 1845; pastor, Mt. Vernon, O., 1842-46; Altoona, Pa., 1846- 
57, 1866-83; Lewistown, Pa., 1857-61; Newville, Pa., 1861-67; trustee, 
Gbg. Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Margaret O. Eaverson, Aug. 25, 1843; 5 
children; she d. June 27, 1895; he d. Jan. 28, 1894, 


BARNITZ, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, b. York, Pa., Sept. 4, 1821; s. John 
E. and Elizabeth B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1846; pastor Jersey Shore, Pa., 1845-49; 

387 


1842 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Everett, Pa., 1849-52; Smicksburg, Pa., 1852-55; Lairdsville, Pa., 1855- 
61; Ashland, Pa., 1861-63; m. Sarah J. Babb, Mar. 9, 1846; m. Dora 
Reimensnyder, Nov. 13, 1866; d. Aug. 19, 1899. 


BREIDENBAUGH, EDWARD, b. Myerstown, Pa., Dec. 17, 1821; s. Fred. 
and Mary (Ulrich) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; Gbg. and Lane Sems.; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Newville, Pa., 1844-49; 
Pine Grove, Pa., 1849-52; Greencastle, Pa., 1852-65; St. James, Gbg., 
Pa., 1865-72; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1866-80; m. C. Elizabeth Swoyer, Mar. 16, 
1847; children, E. S., Mary, Annie; she d. Dec. 29, 1911; he d. July 
12, 1906. 


BRIDGEMAN, AUGUSTUS L., grad. Gettysburg Sem., 1844; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1844; ord. Hart. Syn., 1845; pastor, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1844-46; 
Guilderland, N. Y., 1846-48; Waterloo, N. Y., 1848-49; Athens, N. Y., 
c1851-52; Friesburg, N. J., 1852-54; Tribes Hill, N. Y., 1854-57; Little 
Falls, N. Y., 1857-59; N. Williamsburg, Can., 1859-63; Breakabeen, 
N. Y., 1863-68; Bearytown, N. Y., 1868-70; Manheim, N. Y., 1870-73; 
Argusville, N. Y., 1873-75; Bouks Hill, Can., 1875-76; wife, Mary A.; d. 
Jan. 5, 1892; he d. Mar. 11, 1888. 


CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS, b. Catoctin Furnace, Md., Feb. 17, 1811; 
stud. law with F. C. Campbell; admitted to the bar, 1832; practiced in 
Sandusky O., 1833-40; twice State’s Atty. of Erie Co., O.; Gbg. Sem., 
1842-43; lic. Va. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1845; pastor Augusta Co., Va., 
and vicinity, 1844-52; Cumberland, Md., 1852-56; Waynesboro, Pa., 
1856-66; Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1866-68; m. Martha C. Gatewood, 
June 3, 1846; D.D., Roanoke Col.; d. Jan. 3, 1892. 


CORNELL, NATHAN H., b. Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 8, 1819; s. Smith 
and Mary C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1844; ord. same, cl845; pastor, Ardmore, Pa., 1844-48; West 
Camp, N. Y., 1848-c50; Middleburg, N. Y., cl1850-54; Ghent, N. Y., 
1854-61; Red Hook, N. Y., 1861-63; Chester Springs, Pa., 1863-74; m. 
Maria Finger, 1851; d. June 26, 1896. . 


DONMEYER, GEORGE J., b. Center Co., Pa., June 17, 1814; A.B., Gettys- 
burg Col., 1841; Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. Al. Syn., 1842; ord. Pb. Syn., 
1845; pastor, Clearfield Co., Pa., 1842-45; Clarion Co., Pa., 1845-49; 
Stephenson Co., [ll., 1850-87; d. Apr. 14, 1887. 


EMERICK, WILLIAM H., b. West Camp, N. Y., Feb. 7, 1806; stud. theo. 
with Dr. Ostrander of Ref. Ch., A. F. Rumpf of Luth Ch. and Gbg. 
Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1845; ord. Hart Syn., 1847; pastor Woodstock, N. 


388 


ALUMNI 1842 


Y., 1846-48, 1863-68; Sharon, N. Y., 1848-55; Athens, N. Y., 1855-61; 
Livingston, N. Y., 1861-63, 1868-70; West Camp, N. Y., 1870-72; Pine 
Grove, N. Y., 1872-75; 2nd. m. Mrs. Sabrina Snyder, Oct. 14, 1873; 
d. Jan. 2, 1876. 


GERHART, WILLIAM, b. Beuern, Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., Oct. 28, 1817; 
s. Balthaser and Anna Maria (Hentz) G.; emigrated, 1819; taught sch. 
1833-36; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; Gbg. Sem.; D.D., N. C. Col., 1880; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1847; ord. Pa. M., 1850; pastor, Elizabethtown, Pa., 1848- 
52; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1852-53; Northampton Co., Pa., 1853-55; Mt. 
Carmel, N. C., 1855-59; Jonestown, Pa., 1860-67; Ger. Ch., Martins- 
burg, W. Va., 1867-90; prin. of Acad. at Emmitsburg, Md., 1842-45; at 
Canton, O., 1846; prin. West. Car. Acad. at Mt. Pleasant, N. C., 1855- 
59; prin. Franklin Acad., Concord, N. ‘C., 1859-60; prin. Pleasant Hill 
Sem., Hanover, Pa., 1860; prin. Martinsburg, W. Va., Schs. 1867-87; 
m. Lucinda A. Riley, Nov. 9, 1844; she d. Apr. 14, 1887; m. Mrs. C. A. 
Mantz, 1887; he d. Dec. 6, 1917. 


PARSON, GEORGE, b. near Harrisburg, Pa., Mar. 11, 1819; s. William 
and Mary (Mahon) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1890; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. E. Pa. Syn.; pastor, 
Muncy, Pa., 1844-65; Milton, Pa., 1865-68; Hanover, Pa., 1868-75; 
Williamsport, Pa., 1875-76; Sunbury, Pa., 1876-84; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
Mary Ann Gilbert, Oct. 31, 1844; m. Emma Bear, Feb. 15, 1847; chil- 
dren, W. E., John S., B.B., Mrs, J. H. Alleman, Mrs. W. H. Drucken- 
miller, Geo. L.; d. Sept. 8, 1897. 


RIGHTMEYER, PETER MOSES, b. near West Camp, N. Y., June 2, 1818; 
A.B., Union Col., 1840; Hart. and Gbg. Sems.; lic. Al. Syn., 1843; ord. 
same, 1844; pastor, Johnstown, Pa., 1843-46; Bedford, Pa., 1846-47; 
Williamsburg, Pa., 1847-54; Water Street, Pa., 1854-56; Port Royal, 
Pa., 1856-62; Center Square, Pa., 1862-68; Troy, N. Y., 1868-71; West 
Camp, N. Y., 1871-73; Cohansey, N. J., 1873-79; m. Margaret A. 
Schmucker, Apr. 23, 1844; 4 children; she d. June 3, 1900; he d. June 
23, 1893. 


SONDHAUS, MARTIN, b. Erfurt, Prussia, May 21, 1820; A.B., Gettys- 
burg Col., 1842; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. Pa. 
M., 1850; served numerous charges in Pa., O., Va., Mo. and IIl.; d. Apr. 
3, 1878. 


WITMER, CHARLES, b. Northumberland Co., Pa., Sept. 1, 1820; s. George 
and Catherine W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. E. Pa. Syn.; supplied Catawissa, Pa., 1840-45; 


389 


1843 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


pastor, Abbotstown, Pa., 1845-50; Cumberland, Md., 1850-51; Somerset, 
Pa., 1857-60; Milton, Ia., 1869-74; Roseville, O., 1874-79; Middlepoint, 
O., 1879-83; supt. of Orphans’ Homes in Germantown, Pa., and Mc- 
Allisterville, Pa.; served in Pa. Militia, 1862; m. Mary Helen Smith, 
Oct. 9, 1858; 5 children; she d. Mar. 30, 1883; he d. July 22, 1884. 


WITT, SAMUEL DAVID, b. Dauphin Co., Pa., Oct. 7, 1813; edited a paper 
in Somerset, Pa., 1834-39; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. Al. Syn., 1844; 
ord. Pb. Syn., 1845; pastor, Shippenville, Pa., 1845-51; m. Mary Mong, 
Nov. 24, 1834; children, Chas., Mary, Ed.; she d. 1842; m. Mrs. Re- 
becca Clippinger, Feb. 24, 1844; dau. Rebecca; pres. Pb. Syn., 1851; d. 
Aug. 27, 1851. 


1843 


ALLEMAN, MONROE J., b. Maytown, Pa., Aug. 18, 1820; s. John and 
Elizabeth A.; Gbg. Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
1859 =.D.D.,: Susi: U., 1892; lic. W; Pa. Syn, 18452 ordisKe: Pa Sym, 
1846; pastor, Danville, Pa., 1845-48; Northumberland, Pa., 1848-50; 
Lewisburg, Pa., 1850-52; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1852-56; Hanover, Pa., 
1857-68 ; Middletown, Md., 1868-69; Littlestown, Pa., 1869-74; York, Pa,. 
1874-97; m. Catherine E. Shellman, Oct. 15, 1846; children, Kate, David 
B., John, Gilbert; author, Memoir of Catherine Alleman, 1855; he d. 
Dec. 9, 1897. 


ALTMAN, DANIEL SMITH, b. near Blairsville, Pa., Dec. 20, 1818; Gettys- 
burg. Col., 1841-43; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1845; ord. 
Al. Syn., 1846; pastor, Schellsburg, Pa., 1845-50; Covington, Ky., 1850- 
51; Richmond, Ind., 1851-58; Knoxville, Ill, 1858-62; Princeton, IIl., 
1863-65; Tipton, Ia., 1866-69; chaplain Ist. Ill, Cavalry, 1862; chaplain 
151st Ill. Inf., 1865-66; dir. Wittenberg Col.; m. Jane M. Cover, Mar. 
22, 1848; children, Luther, Wm., Frank D., Mrs. Delos Sawyer; d. Nov. 
11, 1893. 


BENEDICT, D. T., f. Waynesboro, Pa.; no details known. 


EMERY, WILLIAM SADLER, b. near Uniontown, Pa., Mar. 9, 1818; Madi- 
son Col.; Columbus and Gbg. Sems.; A.M., W. & J., 1849; lic. E. O. 
Syn, 1844; ord. Al. Syn., 1846; pastor, Water Street, Pa., 1844-47; 
West Newton, Pa., 1847-58; Indiana, Pa., 1858-65; Bucks Co., Pa., 1865- 
84; m. Martha Row, June 25, 1845; she d. Dec. 30, 1907; he d. May 
1, 1890. 


GRAEFF, JOHN E., b. Pinegrove, Pa., Nov. 20, 1820; s. William and Eliza- 
beth G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1843; Gbg. Sem.; Yale Div. Sch.; lic. and ord. 
E. Pa. Syn.; pastor St. Paul’s, Washn., 1847-49; retired f. ministry, 


390 


ALUMNI 1843 


1849; engaged in business in Phila.; trustee Gbg. Col., 1864-98; founded 
Graeff professorship Gbg. Col.; dir. Central Natl. Bank and of Spring 
Garden Ins. Co., Phila.; Vice Pres. and trustee Y. M. C. A.; member 
Phila. Civic Com.; pres. Luth. Obs. Assn.; m. Maria L. Morrill; chil- 
dren, Virginia, Mrs. Montgomery Wilcox; d. Nov. 18, 1898. 


HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, b. near Lewistown, Md., Jan. 12, 1819; 
s. Zephaniah and Mary H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1843; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1845; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1861; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1845; ord. Mia. 
Syn., 1847; pastor 1st Eng., Cincinnati, O., 1846-66; tutor, Oakridge 
Acad., Gbg., Pa.; prof. Gbg. Col., 1845-46; dir. Wittenberg Col., 1846- 
66; member Cincinnati Sch. Bd.; m. Sarah A. Winwood, Nov. 24, 1846; 
10 children; d. Nov. 3, 1866. 


KARN, AARON JACOB, b. Loudon Co., Va., Aug., 1820; A.B., Gettysburg 
Col., 1842; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. Mia. Syn., 1846; pastor, Pine- 
grove, Pa., 1844-45; Canton, O., 1845-48; Savannah, Ga., 1848-60; m. 
Lucy M. Hawk, Dec. 18, 1849; 3 children; d. Dec. 19, 1860. 


KNIGHT, LLOYD, b. Baltimore Co., Md., June 30, 1818; s. Ignatius and 
Eliza K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1843; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1845; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Perry Co., Pa., 1845-49; Hollidays- 
burg, Pa., 1849-61; Middletown, Md., 1861-62; Blair Co., Pa. (U. B.) 
1869-72; supplied U. B. and Luth. Chs. in Ill. and Ja.; N. Liberty, Ia. 
(Luth.), 1880; Alamode, Mo., 1881-83; suspended by Al. Syn., 1862; 
P, M. Pt. Lookout, Md., 1862-66; agt. for Gbg. Acad., 1866-67; entered 
U. B. ministry, 1869; m. Helen R. Kealhofer, Oct. 8, 1845; children, 
Elmer B., Chester Z., Clifford A., Anna H.; m. Mary M. Weidensall, 
May 11, 1869; children, Naomi K., Uintah, Mary E., Robt. E., Jacob 

~ L., Luther; she d. Apr. 22, 1890; he d. Mar. 14, 1895. 


KOHLER, JOHN, b. Juniata Co., Pa., May 27, 1820; s. Andrew and Anna 
M. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1890; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Williamsport, Pa., 1845-49; 
New Holland, Pa., 1850-64; Trappe, Pa., 1864-73; Stroudsburg, Pa., 1873- 
82; Leacock, Pa., 1884-93; prin. prep. dept. Muhlenberg Col., 1882-84; 
dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-98; dir. Muhlenberg Col., 1869-76; author, The 
Episcopate; m. Louisa A. Baum, Feb. 26, 1846; 9 children; d. Apr. 11, 
1898. 


KOPP, WILLIAM, b. Emmittsburg, Md., Oct. 11, 1820; A.B., Gettysburg 
Col., 1843; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1845; ord. same, 
1847; pastor, Franklin Co., Pa., 1845-48; McConnellsburg, Pa., 1848-50 


391 


1843 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Schellsburg, Pa., 1853-56; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1856-58; New Kingston, 
Pa., 1859-64; prin. Gym. at Johnstown, Pa., 1848-53; prof. Augustana 
Sem., 1864-67; m. Harriet B. Little, Sept. 1, 1846; she d. Mar. 5, 1857; 
m. Susan Strickler, Nov. 2, 1858; he d. Mar. 23, 1868. 


LINN, JOSEPH A., f. Salisbury, N. C.; b. May 28, 1820; prep. at Lexing- 
ton, S. C.; lic. N. C. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1845; pastor, Rowan Co., 
N. C., 1844-64; one of founders and dir. N. C. Col.; m. Rebecca Louisa 
Shuler; 1 s.; she d. June 21, 1848; m. Margaret A. Bernhardt, Aug. 22, 
1849; 1 s.; he d. Mar. 16, 1864. 


PFAHLER, MATTHEW FREDERICK, b. Wurtemberg, Ger., Dec. 10, 1815; 
s. David and Mary P.; emigrated cl1819; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. Al. Syn., 1846; pastor, Petersburg, Pa., 1845-51; 
Salisbury, Pa., 1852-65; 1868-76; Lewisburg, Pa., 1865-68; Wellersburg, 
Pa., 1876-85; m. Henrietta Shultz, May 29, 1849; children, Albert M., 
David, John, 1 dau.; d. Feb. 13, 1890. 


RALLY, WILLIAM BUCHANAN, f. Vienna; lic. Pa. M., 1844; ord. same 
1845; pastor, Manayunk, Pa., 1845-46; Mt. Eaton, O., 1846-51; Abbey- 
ville, O., 1851- ; d. early. 


SADTLER, JOHN PHILIP BENJAMIN, b. Baltimore, Dec. 25, 1823; s. 
Philip B. and Catherine: S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; D.D., same, 1867; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1844; pastor, Pine Grove, Pa., 1845-49; Shippensburg, Pa., 
1849-53; St. Peter’s, Middletown, Pa., 1853-56; St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 
1856-62; prin. Lutherville Sem., 1862-76; pres. Muhlenberg Col., 1877- 
86; trustee Gbg. Col., 1862-77; pres. Ger. Hist. Soc. of Md.; m. Caroline 
E. Schmucker, Oct. 9, 1845; children, Samuel P., Chas. E.. Wm. A., 
John, Edward, Catherine, Clara; she d. June 9, 1917; he d. Apr. 28, 1901. 


SAUERWEIN, PETER G., b. Baltimore, Mar. 20, 1825; A.B., Gettysburg 
Col., 1842; Gbg. and Yale Sems.; not lic.; tutor, Wittenberg Col.; ad- 
mitted to the bar; member Balto. City Council, 1861-62; Internal Rev- 
enue col., 1862-66; successively pres. People’s Gas Co., Ritchie Mineral 
Resin and Oil Co., of W. Va., Adams White Lead Co., Balto.; m. Mary 
Grace Clarkson, 1847; d. 1886. 


SUMMERS, JACOB, b. Augusta Co., Va., Feb. 25, 1813; Gettysburg Col., 
1838-42; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. Va. Syn., 1845; ord. same, 1847; 
pastor, Moore’s Store, Va., 1845-52; Gravel Spring, Va., 1852-55, 1882- 
84; Paddy Mills, Va., 1855-70; Mechanicstown, Md., 1871-79; Brandon- 
ville, W. Va., 1879-82; m. Julia A. Joseph, Aug. 13, 1845; d. June 
21, 1884. 

392 


ALUMNI 1844 


1844 


ANSTADT, PETER, b. Hoh Einoed, New Bavaria, Ger., Nov. 19, 1819; 
s. Peter and Elizabeth (Altman) A.; emigrated, 1830; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1844; Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1889; lic. Al. Syn., 1846; 
ord. same, 1847; pastor, Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1846-48; 3rd, Balto., 1848- 
51; St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1851-54; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1861-70; instr. Gbg. 
Col.; instr. Sus. Sem.; instr. York Col. Inst., 1874-75; founder of pub. 
house of P. Anstadt & Sons; ed. Kirchenbote, 1851-63; founder and ed. 
Am, Luth., 1861-77; pub. and ed. Teacher’s Journal and Scholar’s S. S. 
Comments, 1873-03; author, Eine Answald Deutschen Sprichworte Erk- 
laet, 1853; Life and Times of S. S. Schmucker, 1896; Luther, Zinzen- 
dorf and Wesley; tr. Luther’s Notes on the Gospels, 1899; m. Elizabeth 
A. Benson, Dec. 22, 1853; children, Mrs. S. L. Gross, Lou, Chas. P., 
Wm. W., Mary E., Henry, Annie A.; she d. 1906; he d. May 12, 1903. 


BOSSERMAN, ALEXANDER B., f. Waynesboro, Pa.; grad. Gettysburg 
Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1846; ord. Al. Syn., 1847; pastor, Johns- 
town, Pa., 1846-51; Zanesville, O., 1851-53; suspended by Mia. Syn., 
1853; deposed for heresy by Mia. Syn., 1854; entered ministry of Uni- 
versalist Ch. 


CORBETT, THOMAS WILLIAM, b. Guernsey Co., O., Jan. 12, 1819; s. 
Peter and Elizabeth C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; lic. E. O. Syn., 1846; 
pastor, Guernsey Co., O., 1846-57; Somerset, O., 1857-60; Lafayette, O., 
and vicinity, 1860-85; m. Elizabeth C. Robins, Nov. 1, 1849; d. May 26, 
1895. 


CURTIS, SYLVANDER, b. Cumberland, Md., May 11, 1819; Gettysburg 
Col., 1839-44; ord. Hart. Syn., 1847; served 15 pastorates in N. Y., Pa., 
Md., and N. J.; m. Matilda White, May 31, 1846; 2 children; d. Aug. 
21, 1887. 


DEININGER, CONSTANTINE J., b. Center Co., Pa, Aug. 30, 1822; s. 
Andrew G. D.; Gbg. Col., 1839-43; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1848; pastor, East Berlin, Pa., 1846-50, 1852-53; 
Indiana, Pa., 1850-52; York Co., Pa., 1853-85; m. Maria Treat, Nov. 

- 4, 1846; d. Jan. 21, 1885. 


DIEHL, MICHAEL, b. near Greencastle, Pa., Feb. 12, 1819; s. Michael 
and Catherine (Leininger) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; Gbg. Sem., 1844- 
46; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1868; lic. Mia. Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1849; 
prof. Wittenberg Col., 1846-68; m. Harriet Winwood, 1852; author, Bio. 
of Ezra Keller, 1859; d. Apr. 10, 1869. 

393 


1844 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


EHRENFELD, AUGUSTUS CLEMENS, b. Mifflinburg, Pa., Jan. 26, 1821; 
s. A. C. E.; Gbg. Col., 1843-44; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Smicksburg, Pa., 1847-49; Worth- 
ington, Pa., 1849-57; Leechburg, Pa., 1858-59; Tarentum, Pa., 1859-61; 
Johnstown, Pa., 1861-65; Indiana, Pa., 1865-c85; m. Maria E. Rupley, 
Apr. 15, 1847; children, N. Frank, 1 dau.; she d. Aug. 22, 1898; he d. 
Mar. 10, 1897. 


HARKEY, JAMES M., b. Iredell Co., N. C., Jan. 3, 1821; s. John and 
Sarah H.; stud. theo. with S. W. Harkey; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 1846-50; Green- 
castle, Pa., 1850-52; Quincy, Ill., 1852-55; Mendon, IIl., 1855-56; Lib- 
erty, Ill., 1856-61; Pittsfield, Ill, 1861-62; Mt. Carmel, Lancaster and 
Claremont, Ill., 1862-75; m. Ann Elizabeth Keller, Nov. 5, 1846; she d. 
1875; he d. Oct. 11, 1875. 


HAUER, WASHINGTON C., b. Clearspring, Md., July 10, 1818; Gettys- 
burg Col., 1840-44; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1846; pas- 
tor, Zanesville, O., 1846-48; Bolivar, O., 1848-53, 1856-58; Shanesville, 
O., 1853-56; Hancock Co., O., 1858-66; Fairfield Co., O. 1866-71; 
Tarleton, O., 1871-75; Fairview, O., 1875-76; m. Matilda McCurdy, June 
2, 1847; d. July 11, 1881. 


NIXDORFF, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, b. Frederick, Md., Aug. 20, 1823; s. 
Henry and Susan N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Perrysburg, O., 1848-50; 
Brandonville, Va., 1850-54; Duncannon, Pa., 1854-58; Burkittsville, 
Md., 1858-66; Clearfield, Pa., 1867-70; Georgetown, D. C., 1871-91; 
unmarried; author, Scenes From the Life of Christ, 1876; d. Nov. 5, 
1907. 


STECK, DANIEL, b. Hughesville, Pa., Nov. 18, 1819; Gettysburg Col., 
1840-42; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1874; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Eng., Pottsville, Pa., 1847-57, 1868- 
70; Lancaster, Pa., 1857-62; Dayton, O., 1862-68; Middletown, Md., 
1870-75; St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1875-81; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Susan M. 
Edwards, Apr. 18, 1848; children, John Kate, Newton, Chas. F., Au- 
gustus R., Valeria, Luther; she d. July 23, 1918; he d. June 10, 1881. 


UHL, WILLIAM C., b Wellersburg, Pa., Oct. 28, 1819; Gettysburg Col., 
1842-44; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. Pb. Syn., 1846; ord. Al. Syn., 1848; 
pastor, Curlsville, Pa., 1846-48; Somerset Co., Pa., 1848-52; in IIL, 
1852-88; Monrovia, Calif., 1888-90; d. Jan. 19, 1897. 


394 


ALUMNI 1845-46 


YOUNG, CHARLES, b. New Oxford, Pa., Dec. 15, 1806; lic. Al. Synod, 
1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Somerset Co., Pa., 1846-51,. 1862-69; 
Dixon, Ill., and vicinity, 1851-62; Dakota, Ill., 1869-72; Salina, Kas., 
1873-75; d. Feb. 20, 1889. 


1845 


EVANS, JOSHUA, b. Columbia Co., Pa., Oct., 1816; grad. Gettysburg 
Sem., 1847; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1847; ord. same, 1848; pastor, Jersey Shore, 
Pa., 1848-52; Newville, Pa., 1852-60; Hagerstown, Md., 1860-66; Lewis- 
burg, Pa., 1866-69; m. Susan Hill, Feb. 2, 1848; 4 children; d. Jan. 
26, 1869. 


MILLER, JOHN WILSON, b. Dillsburg, Pa., Mar. 3, 1818; s. Tobias and 
Rebecca M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1845; lic. W. Pa. Sym, 1849; ord. Va. 
Syn., 1851; pastor, Bridgewater, Va., 1849-51; New Haven, W. Va., 
1851-76 ; tutor, Acad. at Woodstock, Va., 1847-48; m. Mrs. Eliza Steven- 
son, Feb, 27, 1857; d. Jan. 11, 1891. 


RIZER, LAWRENCE, b. Cumberland, Md., 1826; s. Martin and Ann 
Catherine (Boward) R.; Cumberland Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1847; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1847; ord. Mia. Syn., 1849; pastor, Lancaster, O., 1848-50; 
Canton, O., 1850-52; d. Aug. 20, 1857. 


SCHMUCKER, BEALE MELANCHTHON, b. Gettysburg, Pa. Aug. 26, 
1827; s. S. S. and Catherine (Steenbergen) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1847; D.D., U. of Pa., 1870; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1847; 
ord. Va. Syn., 1849; pastor, Martinsburg, W. Va., 1848-55; St. John’s, 
Allentown, Pa., 1852-62; St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 1862-67; St. Jas., 
Reading, Pa., 1867-81; Transfiguration, Pottstown, Pa., 1881-88; dir. 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-88; trustee Muhlenberg Col.; m. Christiana M. 
Pretz, Mar. 6, 1860; 2 children; d. Oct. 15, 1888. 


1846 


BAUM, WILLIAM MILLER, b. Earlville, Pa., Jan. 25, 1825; s. John F. 
and Sarah B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1867; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1848; ord. same, 1850; pastor, Middle- 
town, Pa., 1848-52; Barren Hill, Pa., 1852-58; Winchester, Va., 1858- 
62; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 1862-74; St. Matt., Phila., 1874-1902; trustee 
Gbeg. Col. f. 1861; dir. Gbg. Sem. f. 1858; member bd. Home Mis- 
sions, G. S., 1869-74; member bd. publication, G. S.; pres. G. S., 1873; 
mgr. Pa. Bible Soc., 1874-93 and pres. same 1893-1902; trustee North- 
ern Home for Friendless Children, Phila., 1878-1902; m. Maria Louisa 
Croll, May 8, 1851; she d. Apr. 20, 1891; he d. Feb. 6, 1902. 


395 


1846 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


BENEDICT, FREDERICK R., f. Waynesboro, Pa.; b. cl819; Gettysburg 
Col., 1843-46; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; lic. Md. Syn., 1848; ord. Al. Syn., 
1850; pastor, Bedford Co., Pa., 1848-57; Frostburg, Md., 1858-60; Som- 
erset, Pa., 1860-61; trustee Gbg. Col., 1856-62; m. Bin Chorpenning, May 
18, 1852; 2nd wife, Mary Russel, d. Feb. 19, 1879; he d. Mar. 31, 1890. 


KUHL, CONRAD, b. Bindsachen, Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., Oct. 21, 1821; 
emigrated, 1834; Gbg. Col., 1845-46; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; D.D., Car- 
thage Col., 1893; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1848; ord. Ill. Syn., 1850; pastor, 
Quincy, IIl., and vicinity, 1848-50, 1857-68; miss. for Ill. Syn., 1850-51; 
Springfield, Ill, 1851-52; Mt. Carmel, Ill, 1852-55; Carthage, III. 
1868-76; agt. for Ill. State U., 1855-57; one of founders and dir. 
Carthage Col.; m. Eveline M. Sell, Sept. 12, 1849; 5 children; d. Jan. 
28, 1898. 


MARTZ, GEORGE J., b. near Frederick, Md., Aug. 27, 1822; A.B., Gettys- 
burg Co., 1846; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; ord. Md. Syn., 1848; miss. in 
India, 1849-52; pastor, Sharpsburg, Md., 1852-56; Dauphin Co., Pa., 
1856-67; Womelsdorf, Pa., 1867-78; Piedmont, W. Va., 1885-88; Wal- 
halla, S. C., 1894-97; engaged in business at Lebanon, Pa., 1878-85; m. 
Caroline Nunemaker, Dec. 3, 1857; d. Feb. 4, 1898. 


RENSHAW, WILLIAM ANDREY, b. Littlestown, Pa., Feb. 20, 1824; s. 
Jas. and Rebecca (Ferree) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; d. in sem. dorm. 
Jan. 21, 1847. 


SCHERER, SIMEON, b. Guilford Co., N. C., Oct. 29, 1819; s. Jacob S.; 
S. Sem.; Roanoke Col.; Gbg. Sem.; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1848; ord. 
same, 1850; pastor, Giles Co., Va., 1848-52; in N. C., 1852-76; m. Mary 
Ann Davis, July 24, 1851; she d. Feb. 5, 1857; children, Revs. L. P., 
W. J., M. G. G., J. A. B.; he d. July 11, 1876. 


WEDEKIND, AUGUSTUS CHARLES, b. Friedrichs-Ruh, Hanover, Ger., 
June 16, 1824; s. Chas. and Christina W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1848; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1867; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1848; ord. E. 
Pa. Syn., 1850; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 1848-49; Zion’s, Lebanon, Pa., 
1849-62; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1862-65; St. Jas. New York, N. Y., 
1865-79; St. John’s, New York, N. Y., 1879-90; 11th regt. Pa. Mil., 
1862; trustee Gbg. Col., 1856-97; dir. Am. Tract Soc., 1874-96; dir. Am. 
and For. Christian Union, 1867-96; one of organizers of Calif. Syn., 
1891; assoc. ed. The Christian at Work; m. Eveleen A. Raiguel, Oct. 6, 
1859; 7 children; d. Apr. 8, 1897. 

396 


ALUMNI 1847 


WELKER, JOSEPH, b. Hesse Darmstadt, Nov. 11, 1821; Gettysburg 
Acad. and Col., 1840-46; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; lic. Al. Syn., 1848; ord. 
Pb. Syn., 1851; pastor, Salem, Pa., 1848-51; Williamsport, Pa., 1851-56; 
Aaronsburg, Pa., 1857-62; Brookville, Pa., 1862-66; Rochester, Pa., 
1866-c71; m. Christina Loy, Jan. 1, 1849; 9 children; d. Oct. 20, 1895. 


1847 


ALBERT, LUTHER ENDRESS, b. Berlin, Pa., Mar. 9, 1828; s. John J. 
and Julia (Diehl) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1867; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; ord. same, 1850; assoc. 
father in Center Co., Pa., 1849-51; pastor, Trinity, Germantown, Pa., 
1851-1904; pastor emeritus, same, 1904-08; trustee Gbg. Col., 1870-08; 
dir. Gbg. Sem., 1859-08; member bd. of pub. G. S., 1855-08; treas. Pas- 
tors’ Fund Soc.; member many bds. and coms.; m. Henrietta E. Good- 
man, Nov. 16, 1852; children, Mrs. Wm. H. McCollum, Henry S., Wm. 
E., Mrs, Henry W. Gray, Pattie W., Mrs. Jno. S. Nailor, Mrs. Con- 
yers B. Finckel, Mrs. Walter K. Smith; d. Mar. 6, 1908. 


BUTLER, JOHN GEORGE, b. Cumberland, Md., Jan. 28, 1826; s. Jona- 
than B.; Gbg. Col., 1846-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; A.M., Gbg. Col. 
1859; D.D., same, 1868; LL.D., Newberry Col.; lic. Md. Syn., 1849; 
ord. same, 1850; pastor, St. Paul’s, Washn., 1849-73; Memorial, Washn., 
1873-09; chaplain House of Rep., 1869-75; chaplain U. S. Senate, 1886- 
93; chaplain Sth Pa. Vol., 1861; hospital chaplain, 1861-65; prof. How- 
ard U., 20 yrs.; ed. Luth. Evangelist, 1893-09; pres. G. S., 1877; trustee 
Gbg. Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; Ist wife d. Jan., 1862; m. Anna Elizabeth 
Baker, Oct. 16, 1867; she d. May 19, 1917; children, Ella C., W. K., 
C. H., Mrs. H. A. Polikinhorn; d. Aug. 2, 1909. 


EYLER, DAVID JACOBS, b. near Smithsburg, Md., Oct. 10, 1825; s. 
Michael and Barbara E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; ord. Al. Syn., 1851; pastor, Bedford Co., Pa., 
1850-51; taught sch. 1853; in drug business, 1854-60; m. Christina C. 
Kurtz, Apr. 15, 1851; she d. Mar. 11, 1911; he d. Mar. 15, 1860. 


FINK, REUBEN AHALT, b. Middletown Valley, Md., Aug. 15, 1824; s. 
Samuel and Elizabeth F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1874; lic. Md. Syn., 1849; ord. Va. Syn., 1851; pastor, 
Newton, Va., 1850-52; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1852-56; Lewisburg, Pa., 
1856-65; Johnstown, Pa., 1865-90; emeritus same, 1890-95; trustee 
Gbg. Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Sarah A. Beckwith, Apr. 4, 1850; she d. 
July 23, 1891; he d. Mar. 25, 1895. 

397 


1848 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


KELLER, LEVI, b. Shenandoah Co., Va., June 20, 1820; s. Jacob and 
Rebecca (Coffman) K.; Roanoke Col.; Gbg. Col., 1846-47; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1849; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; ord. Va. Syn., 1851; pastor, Stras- 
burg, Va., 1849-60; Madison C. H., Va., 1860-67; Woodstock, Va., 
1867-71; Funkstown, Md., 1871-80; m. Mary C. Hurn, Apr. 10, 1851; 
children, Luther H., Chas. E.; d. Oct. 11, 1880. 


McHENRY, SOLOMON, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Sept. 1818; Gettysburg 
Col., 1844-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; lic. Al. Syn., 1849; ord. same, 
1852; pastorates, Fayetteville, Pa., McConnellsburg, Pa., Centerville, 
Pa., Marion, Pa., Williamsburg, Pa., Waynesboro, Pa., West Fairview, 
Pa., Huntingdon, Pa., Newry, Pa. Cassville, Pa., Quincy, Pa., Warrior’s 
Mark, Pa.; children, Samuel, Margaret, Catherine, Harriet; d. Mar. 
12, 1892. 


RABY, PETER, b. Jackson Hall, Pa., Feb. 28, 1821; s. Adam and Cath- 
erine R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
1849; ord. same, 1850; pastor, Chester Springs, Pa., 1849-58; Wrights- 
ville, Pa., 1858-60; York Springs, Pa., 1860-65; Middletown, Pa., 1865- 
72; Grace, West Phila., 1874-76; member bd. pub. G. S.; sec. same, 
1864-77; m. Elizabeth H. Hartman, July 20, 1852; she d. Dec. 9, 1910; 
he d. Oct. 2, 1884. 


SHEEDER, PHILIP, b. Chester Co., Pa., Aug. 28, 1819; s. Philip and 
Mary S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1849; ord. Al. Syn., 1851; pastor, Brookville, Pa., 1849-53; Lycom- 
ing Co., Pa., 1853-57; Berlin, Pa., 1857-64; Wilmore, Pa., 1864-67; 
Martinsburg, Pa., 1867-69; Milroy, Pa., 1869-71; New Berlin, Pa., 1871- 
73; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1873-81; Idaville, Pa., 1881-84; Silver Run, 
Md., 1884-86; m. Susan Miller, 1851; she d. Oct. 8, 1906; children, 
Mary, Mrs. G. A. Landes, P. J., B. R. M.; he d. Oct. 21, 1896. 


SMELTZER, JOSIAH PEARCE, b. Carroll Co., Md., Sept. 10, 1819; s. 
Geo. and Sarah S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; D.D., Erskine Coi., 1873; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1848; ord. same, 1849; pastor, Harpers Ferry and Salem, 
Va., 1848-61; Spring Hill, S. C., 1886-87; prof. Newberry Col., 1861-77; 
pres. Walhalla, S. C., Female Sem., 1877-86; m. Harriet A. Buffington, 
Oct. 22, 1848; she d. June 6, 1850; m. Anna Eliza Eichelberger, June 17, 
1851; she was matron of Walhalla Sem., 1877-85; she d. Oct. 10, 1885; 
he d. Oct. 31, 1887. 


1848 
BICKEL, HENRY MILLER, b. Reading, Pa., Jan. 24, 1827; s. John and 


Sarah B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; D.D., West 
Md. Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. Va. Syn., 1852; pastor, 


398 


ALUMNI 1848 


Augusta Co., Va., 1852-54; New Phila., O., 1854-58; New Castle, Ind., 
1859; Christ, Chestnut Hill, Phila., 1860-65; St. Luke’s, Phila., 1865-67; 
Center Square, Pa., 1869-75; Advent, Phila., 1877-80; office ed. Luth. 
and Miss., 1867; office ed. Luth. Obs., 1877-93; author, Seventh Semi- 
Centennial of the Reformation, 1867; m. Lucinda Williams, May 1, 1856; 
d. Nov. 12, 1893. 


BORN, PETER, b. near Muncy, Pa., July 3, 1820; s. Peter and Elizabeth 
B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; D.D., Wittenberg 
Col., 1879; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, Sunbury, 
Pa., 1850-59; prin. Classical Dept. Sus. U., 1859-81; prof. Sus. Sem., 
1881-99; supt. Sus. U., 1881-93; trustee Gbg. Col., 1871-78; m. Sarah 
Hill, Mar. 4, 1851; 3 surviving children, Reuben, Elizabeth, Catherine; 
she d. June 7, 1891; he d. May 23, 1899. 


BRAUNS, FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Bremen, Ger., Feb. 18, 1830; s. 
Ferdinand L. and Anna H. B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1850; lic. Md. Syn., 1850; ord. Hart. Syn., 1851; pastor, Canajoharie, 
N. Y., 1851-52; Springfield, O., 1854; Dansville, N. Y., 1854-56; Lock- 
port, N. Y., 1856-57; Suspension Bridge, N. Y., 1857; Broadway Presby., 
Balto., 1858-62; Salem, N. J., 1867; Cincinnati, O., 1868-71; Niagara 
Falls, N. Y., 1871-80; Buffalo, N. Y., 1880; chaplain Jarvis U. S. A. 
Hospital, Balto., 1862-65; entered Presby. ministry, 1858; m. Susan 
Murdock, Dec. 18, 1866; d. Jan. 5, 1895. 


ESSICK, ABRAHAM, b. near Quincy, Pa., Nov. 17, 1822; s. John and 
Catherine (Cook) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; 
ord. Jt. O. Syn., 1852; pastor, York, Pa., 1849-50; Springfield, O., 1854- 
56; Winchester, Va., 1856-57; St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1861-64; Bedford. 
Pa., 1864-66; New Franklin, O., 1866-70; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1847-48; 
prof. Capital U., 1850-54; prin. Lutherville Sem., 1858-59; m. Elizabeth 
R. Livingston, Dec. 19, 1851; children, John S., Anna R., Walter B.; 
she d. Dec. 30, 1859; m. Sallie R. Smith, Jan. 28, 1862; he d. Dec. 31, 
1904. 


HECK, JACOB HENRY, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Dec. 8, 1827; s. Jacob 
and Anna M. (Smith) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1850; pastor St. Luke’s, Phila., 1850-53; Williamsburg, 
Pa., 1853-55; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1855-58; Springfield, O., 1858-61; Ard- 
more, Pa., 1861-68; Schoharie, N. Y., 1868-82; Central Bridge, N. Y., 
1882-83; Altamount, N. Y., 1883-86; m. Ellen Pearson, June 8, 1852; 
d. Jan. 21, 1886. 


399 


1849 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HENRY, SAMUEL, b. Abbottstown, Pa. May 3, 1828; Gettysburg Col, 
1845-48; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. same, 
1852; pastor, Dillsburg, Pa., 1850-52; Westminster, Md., 1852-58; Lit- 
tlestown, Pa., 1858-68; Phillipsburg, N. J., 1868-80; Mifflinburg, Pa., 
1880-84; Ottawa, Kas., 1884-86; m. Elizabeth S. Weaver, Nov. 3, 1850; 
children, Mrs. John M. Shiner, J. W.; d. Mar. 9, 1910. 


MILLER, JACOB KELLER, b. York, Pa., Oct. 22, 1822; s. Charles and 
Lydia M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1850; ord. Al. Syn., 1852; pastor, Stoyestown, Pa., 1850-57; 
Arendtsville, Pa., 1861-67; Franklin Co., Pa., 1867-70; Centre Hall, Pa., 
1870-76; Boalsburg, Pa., 1876-78; Clinton Co., Pa., 1880-87; supt. schs. 
Somerset Co., 1857-60; m. Charlotte H. Ziegler, May 15, 1851; she d. 
Aug. 27, 1869; m. Ellen B. Lonebarger, Oct. 31, 1871; he d. Sept. 
18, 1887. 


PLITT, JOHN KELLER, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 14, 1828; s. Lewis and 
Maria P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, Greenwich, N. J., 1850-66; Greens- 
burg, Pa., 1866-73; Catasauqua, Pa., 1873-78; St. Stephen’s, Phila., 1878- 
83; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1847-48; dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-86, 1895-98; 
trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1876-85; agt. pub. bd. G. C., 1892-98; treas. 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1889-95; m. Mary A. Horner, Nov. 19, 1851; d. Apr. 
26, 1898. 


-ROEDEL, WILLIAM D., b. Lebanon, Pa., Jan. 1, 1829; s. Jacob and Jus- 
tina R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, So. Pgh., Pa., 1850-51; Lower Merion, 
Pa., 1851-55; pres. Female Sem., Wytheville, Va., 1855-65; ed. Carmina 
Ecclesiae, 1861; ed. Book of Worship (South), 1867; m. Josephine 
Forney, Mar. 24, 1852; d. Dec. 12, 1865. 


1849 


CONRAD, VICTOR LAFAYETTE, b. Pine Grove, Pa. Oct. 7, 1824; s. 
Henry W. and Elizabeth (Kendall) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1851; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1880; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1890; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. Pb. Syn., 1854; ed. Ev. Luth., 1853-56; 
prin. 9th Ward Schs., Pb., Pa., 1856-57; pres. Cooper Female Sem., 
Dayton, O., 1857-61; business in New York, N. Y., 1861-67; prof. Gbg. 
Col., 1867-70; ed. staff Luth. Obs., 1870-1900; m. Hannah DeWolfe Bart- 
lett, Nov. 14, 1854; she d. June 25, 1905; author, Hist. Statement of 
the N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1866; d. Jan. 7, 1900. 


400 


ALUMNI 1849 


DIEHL, CHARLES F., b. Strassburg, Alsace, Mar. 14, 1814; emigrated 
1834; lic. Pb. Syn., 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, near Toronto, Can. ; 


Monroe, Mich.; Washn.; Kenton, O.; prof. in Female Sem., Monroe, 
Mich.; d. Feb. 2, 1885. 


FICHTNER, JOSEPH, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Dec. 29, 1820; Gettysburg 
Col., 1846-48; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Al. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 
1853; pastor, Martinsburg, Pa., 1851-53; Newry, Pa., 1853-66; suspended 
by Al. Syn., 1866; assoc. judge Blair Co., Pa., 1881; m. Elizabeth 
Frank, Nov. 14, 1843; d. Jan. 21, 1892. 


FOCHT, DAVID HENLEIN, b. near Williamsburg, Pa. Apr. 12, 1821; 
Gbg. Col., 1845-48; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1858; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. 
same, 1852; pastor, Grind Stone Hill, Pa. 1850-55; Bloomfield, Pa., 
1855-64; m. Susan Brown, Oct. 8, 1850; children, John B., Geo. M., 
M. L., Mrs. H. M. McClure, Benj. K.; author, Churches Bet. the Mts., 
1862; d. May 13, 1864. 


GEITZ, JOHN NICHOLAS, b. cl1814, Bairen, Ger.; emigrated Oct., 1849; 


lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1850; not ord.; pastor, Quincy, Ill., 1850-52; Clayton, 
Til., 1852-53; d. Oct. 19, 1853. 


HENRY, ELIAS STRICKHOUSER, b. Shrewsbury, Pa. Nov. 30, 1823; 
s. Geo. M. and Lydia (Strickhouser) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1849; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1852; agt. 
Gbg. Sem., 1851-52; pastor, Pinegrove, Pa., 1852-97; m. Sarah A. Con- 


rad, Sept. 12, 1853; she d. Aug. 12, 1869; m. Elmira L. Seidel, Feb. 6, 
1872; he d. Apr. 26, 1897. 


KOONS, HENRY SAMUEL, b. York Co., Pa., June 12, 1828; A.B., Gettys- 
burg Col., 1849; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. 
same, 1854; pastor, Bedford Co., Pa., 1851-52; prin. Indiana, Pa., Acad., 
1852-53; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1853-57; prin. schs. Pinegrove, Pa., 1857-60; 
prin. Hanover, Pa., Classical Sch., 1860-69; m. Caroline E. Buehler, 
Sept. 23, 1852; she d. May 27, 1893; he d. Dec. 15, 1869. 


LILLY, AARON WALTER, b. Turbotville, Pa., Dec. 3, 1822; s. George 
and Catherine (Walter) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1851; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 1852; pas- 
tor, 3rd Balto., 1851-55; Zion’s, York, Pa., 1855-97; member Bd. Home 
Missions, G. S., 1869-85; member Bd. Ch. Extension, G. S., 1869-91; 
dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee Irving Col., 1890-1902; one of founders and 
assoc. ed. Luth. Miss. Journal; m. Margery A. Herman, Nov. 5, 1851; 
she d. Aug. 17, 1906; children, C. Foster, Mrs. C. R. Trowbridge, Mrs. 
J. M. Finley, Mary E., Margery D. H.; he d. July 5, 1902. 

401 


1849 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


MILLER, EDMUND, b. Salem, Va., May 8, 1822; s. Michael and Eliza- 
beth M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; Gbg. Sem., 1849; teaching, Roanoke 
Col., 1848-49; Frostburg, Md., 1849-51; lic. Ill. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 
1852; supply, Hillsboro, Ill 1851-52; prof. Ill. State U., 1852-58; prin. 
Hillsboro, Ill, Acad., 1858-65; in business, Dixon, Ill., 1865-81; m. Jane 
M. Gilfillan, July 13, 1853; 1 dau.; she d. Jan. 29, 1857; m. Maria P. 
Williams, Nov. 9, 1858; he d. Feb. 24, 1888. 


MILLER, J. CLEMENS, lic. Pa. M., 1850; ord. same 1851; pastorates 
Norristown, Pa., Phoenixville, Pa., Lebanon, Pa., St. Louis, Mo., Balto.; 
d. Jan. 5, 1859. 


PILE, GRAFT MARTIN, b. Somerset, Pa., June 13, 1824; s. Samuel C. 
and B. (La Rue) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1849; lic. Al. Syn., 1850; ord. 
Al, Syn., 1852; at Smicksburg, Pa., 1851-53; prin. Acad. Johnstown, 
Pa., 1853-54; prin. Somerset, Pa., H. S., 1854-55; prof. Ill. State U., 
1856-58; chaplain, 54th Pa. Vol., 1862-64; m. Susan M. Baker, Apr. 5, 
1859; d. Mar. 8, 1912. 


ROTH, GEORGE, b. Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., 1814; emigrated 1823; 
Dickinson Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. 
same, 1853; pastor, Arndtsville, Pa., 1851-58; McConnellsburg, Pa., 
1859-62; 2nd Chambersburg, Pa., 1862-64; Middleburg, Pa., 1864-74; 
Sciota, Pa., 1874-82; m. Charlotte McKnight, Dec. 29, 1852; d. Jan. 
15, 1899. 


SCHEIDE, GEORGE WASHINGTON, f. Philadelphia; A.B., U. of Pa.; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Pa. M. 1851; not ord.; pastor, Manheim, 
Pa., 1851; Orwigsburg, Pa., 1852-53; Schuylkill Bend, Pa., 1853-55; to 
Ta., 1855; dropped f. roll of Ia. Syn., 1857. 


SCHMOGROW, JOHN SAMUEL WILLIAM, b. Cottbus, Prussia, July 8, 
1817; stud. theo. with J. Gossner, Berlin; emigrated, 1849; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1850; ord. Va. Syn., 1852; pastor, Hagerstown, Md., 1851-52; 
Richmond, Va., 1852-56; New Washington, O., 1856-58; Huron Co., O., 
1858-c73; St. Mary’s, O., c1873-79; d. June 2, 1879. 


SCHULTZE, AUGUSTUS HEINRICH, f. Friesark, Prussia; at Water- 
town, Wis., cl1856-65; at Fort Dodge, Ia., c1871-89; m. Mrs. Eve Rock- 
erbrodt, Nov. 13, 1849. 


SELL, DANIEL, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., Apr. 18, 1819; Gettysburg Col., 
1845-49; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Pa. Min. 1851; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1853; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 1851-53; Berrysburg, Pa., 1853-60; Lock 


402 


ALUMNI 1850 


Haven, Pa., 1860-62; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1862-65; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 
1865-69; Loysville, Pa., 1869-72; Dillsburg, Pa., 1872-73; New Kings- 
ton, Pa., 1873-75; New Chester, Pa., 1875-79; East Berlin, Pa., 1879- 
88; m. Frances Maria Rice, who d. Feb. 13, 1873; m. Mrs. Caroline Wil- 
liams, Dec. 23, 1874; he d. May 24, 1888. ' 


UNRUH, JOHN NICHOLAS, b. Germantown, Pa., Sept. 3, 1820; s. Joseph 
and Mary U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1849; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1851; ord. same, 1852; pastor, Boonsboro, Md., 1851-58; Fries- 
burg, N. J., 1858-66; Mechanicstown, Md., 1866-70; Williamsburg, Pa., 
1870-76; Glade, Pa., 1876-71; Hooversville, Pa., 1881-86; Wilmore, 
Pa., 1886-88; m. Ann Eliza Kates, July 17, 1851; 4 children; d. Nov. 
4, 1888. 


WURSTER, IMMANUEL, b. Boblingen, Wiirtemberg, Ger., Feb. 18, 1825; 
Miss. Inst., Basel, 3 yrs.; emigrated, 1849; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. 
Pb. Syn., 1851; ord. Can. Conf., 1853; pastor, St. John’s, Waterloo, 
Can., 1851-55; Preston, Ont., 1855-81; Princeton, Ont., 1855-93; one of 
founders of Canada Syn., 1861; m.; 6 children; d. Apr. 24, 1893. 


1850 


ANDERSON, GEORGE W., b. Rockingham Co., Va., Sept. 7, 1821; s. 
Wm. and Hannah (Loftus) A.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Va. Syn., 1852; ord. Md. Syn., 1853; pastor, 
Creagerstown, Md., 1852-56; Uniontown, Md., 1872-75; Glen Gardner, 
N. J., 1875-82; Melrose, N. Y., 1882-85; in business, Hagerstown, Md., 
for many years; m. Anna Maria Winter, Sept. 25, 1855; d. Aug. 
12, 1888. 


BERKEMEIER, WILLIAM, b. Oerlinghausen, Lippe Detwold, Ger., Oct. 
18, 1820; emigrated, 1847; Gbg. Sem., 1850-51; lic. Pb. Syn., 1851; ord. 
same, 1853; pastor, Pb., Pa., 1851-58; Wheeling, W. Va., 1858-67; Mt. 
Vernon, N. Y., 1867-77; Immigrant’s Mission, N. Y. City, 1873-99; 
pioneer immigrant missionary in N. Y.; m. Caroline Ernestine Luise 
Amalie Nielaender, 1847; children, Wm., Caroline F., Gottlieb C., Maria 
L., Anna M., Hermann J., Nathaniel W., Martha, Hannah; she d. Feb. 
28, 1895; he d. Mar. 7, 1899. 


EHREHART, CHARLES JOHN, b. Adams Co., Pa., Jan. 22, 1827; s. 
Thos. and Margaret E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1852; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1853; pastor, Shamokin, Pa., 
1853-56; Middletown, Pa., 1856-65; tutor Gbg. Col., 1850-51; prin. Buf- 
falo Inst., Worthington, Pa., 1852-53; one of founders and prof. Sha- 


403 


1850 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


mokin Inst.; prin. prep. dept., Gbg. Col., 1865-70; m. Martha Hill, May 
31, 1855; 4 children; she d. Nov. 8, 1867; m. Mary Elizabeth Eichel- 
berger, Aug. 5, 1869; he d. Nov. 26, 1870. 


EICHELBERGER, JOHN MILLER, b. Winchester, Va. Mar. 9, 1831; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; admitted to the bar; practiced in St. Louis, Mo.; 
d. Aug. 8, 1854. 


GREAVER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Augusta Co., Va., Apr. 13, 1826; s. 
Margaret G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Pa. M., 
1852; ord. Ill. Syn., 1853; pastor, Davenport, Ia., 1855-56; Canton, O., 
1859-63; Greensburg, Pa., 1863-65; prof. Ill. State U., 1852-55; assoc. 
ed. The Missionary, 1856-57; lecturing 1858-59; m. Emma Virginia 
Miller, Jurie 3, 1858; he d. Sept. 30, 1865. 


GREAVER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Augusta Co., Va., Apr. 13, 1826; s. 
David and Mary G.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; lic. S. W. 
Va. Syn., 1851; ord. Va. Syn., 1853; pastor, Stephensburg, Va., 1852- 
55; Williamsport, Md., 1855-57; m. Anna A. Wild, Jan. 27, 1853; 2 
children; d. Oct. 16, 1857. 


HAINES, GEORGE, b. Abbottstown, Pa., 1824; Gettysburg Col., 1841-42, 
1845-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1852; ord. Va. Syn., 
1854; pastor, German Settlement, Va., 1852-54; Hummelstown, Pa., 
1854-56; Millerstown, Pa., 1857-58; d. Feb. 19, 1860. 


NITTERRAUER, CORNELIUS, b. Dauphin Co., Pa., July 3, 1826; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Pa. M., 1852; ord. same, 
1854; pastor, Dauphin, Pa., 1851-53; New Kingston, Pa., 1853-58; 
Blairsville, Pa., 1858-61; m. Mary Kissinger, May 5, 1857; 1 dau.; d. 
May 11, 1861. 


PROBST, JOHN FREDERICK, b. Hilbertshausen, Hanover, Ger., Aug. 
13, 1824; s. Dr. T. F. and Louisa P.; emigrated, 1832; Gbg. Col., 1844- 
47, 1848-49; lic. Md. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 1852; pastor, Frederick Co., 
Md., 1851-53; Smithsburg, Md., 1853-56; Hummelstown, Pa., 1856-58; 
West Wheeling, Ill, 1858-60; Hamilton, O., 1862-64; Shelbyville, O., 
1864-67; Dixon, Ill., 1867-69; Mt. Carmel, Ill, 1869-c71; Walhalla, 
S. C., 1875-85; Jacksonville, Fla., 1891-c96; prof. Collegiate Inst., War- 
ren, Ill., 1860-62; prof. Newberry Col., 1876-77; agt. for Gbg. Col., 1871; 
miss. supt. S. C. Syn., 1874-75; m. Anna Rebecca Kolb, Nov. 26, 1851; 7 
children, 3 surviving, Mrs. John C. Tiedeman, Luther K., G. C.; she d. 
Dec. 9, 1888; m. Mrs. U. Gould; he d. Mar. 25, 1900. 


404 


ALUMNI 1851 


RECK, HENRY, b. Adams Co., Pa., Aug. 24, 1829; s. Samuel and Sarah 
R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Pb. Syn., 1852; 
ord. same, 1855; pastor, Birmingham, Pa., 1852-63; Rochester, Pa., 
1863-70; dir. Orphans’ Home, Rochester, Pa., 1863-70; dir. Orphans’ 
Home, Jacksonville, Ill., 1870-71; organized Collegiate Inst., Springfield, 
Ill., 1870; prof. Augustana Col., 1871-81; m. Anna Rebecca Mehring, 
Oct. 11, 1863; she taught at Lutherville Sem., Govanston Inst., her own 
sch. at Windsor, Md.; founder and prin. Fairview Acad., Rock Island, 
Ill., 1880-86; children, Wm., Marion, Harry, Warren; she d. Aug. 
1886; he d. Oct. 27, 1881. 


SHEELEIGH, MATTHIAS, b. Charlestown, Pa., Dec. 29, 1821; s. Jesse 
and Mary (Orner) S.; Gbg. Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1852; ord. N. Y. Min., 1853; pastor, Valatie, N. Y., 1853-57; 
Minersville, Pa., 1857-59; Phila., 1859-64; Stewartsville, N. J., 1864-69; 
Whitemarsh, Pa., 1869-95; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1866-1900; member bd. pub. 
G. S., 1859-87; one of organizers Pa. Ger. Soc.; co-ed. Luth. Home 
Journal, 1859-60; ed. Luth. S. S. Herald, 1860-1900; Luth. Almanac, 
1871-1900; tr. Olaf Thorlaksen, 1870; author, numerous poems and 
articles; m, Sabina M. Diller, May 3, 1859; children, Luther, Elizabeth, 
Grace M., Mrs. U. S. G. Rupp, Matthias; she d. June 17, 1909; he d. 
July 15, 1900. 


VALENTINE, MILTON. See Faculty, page 317. 


WELFLEY, JOHN, b. near Salisbury, Pa., 1823; s. Peter and Eva W.; 
Gbg. Col., 1845-50; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Al. Syn., 1852; ord. 
Md. Syn., 1853; pastor, Emmitsburg, Md., 1852-54; Dickinson, Pa., 
1854-56; Strasburg, Pa., 1856-58; N. Zion, Al. Co., Pa. 1858-64; 
Apollo, Pa., 1864-69; Donegal, Pa., 1869-75; Bowerston, O., 1875-83; 
Springdale, Pa., 1883-90; Ist. wife, Amelia, d. Nov. 7, 1856; m. Mrs. 
Catherine M. Ziegler, Dec. 23, 1857; m. Nancy Schafer, July 2, 1874; 
he d. Dec. 19, 1898. 


YINGLING, SAMUEL, -b. York, Pa., Oct. 14, 1819; s. John and Hannah 
Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1852; 
ord. same, 1853; pastor, Jersey Shore, Pa., 1852-56; Palmyra, Pa., 
1856-59; Bedford, Pa., 1859-64; Perrysville, Pa., 1864-65; St. Matt. 
Hanover, Pa., 1865-76; Dauphin Co., Pa., 1878-81; Columbia, Pa., 1881- 
84; m. Susan Voglesong, Mar. 17, 1853; 3 children; d. Sept. 11, 1884. 


1851 


FRY, JACOB, b. Trappe, Pa., Feb. 9, 1834; s. Jacob and Mary (Gross) 
F.; A.B., Union Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1853; D.D., Union Col., 


405 


1852 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1873; L.H.D., Union Col., 1911; LL.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1911; lic. 
Pa. M., 1853; ord. same, 1854; pastor, Ist., Carlisle, Pa., 1854-65; Trin- 
ity, Reading, Pa., 1865-96; Ch. of the Ascension, Mt. Airy, Pa., 1896-20; 
dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-91; prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 1891-20; author, 
Hist. Trinity Ch., Reading, Pa., 1894; Elementary Homiletics, 1892: 
The Pastor’s Guide, 1915; m. Eliza J. Wattles, 1855; children, Chas., 
Frank F., Mary, Kate, Anna, Josephine, Martin, Jenny, Louisa; she d. 
Apr. 12, 1919; he d. Feb. 19, 1920. 


HERSH, CHARLES H., b. new Oxford, Pa., Jan. 17, 1824; A.B., Gettys- 
burg Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1853; lic. Pb. Syn., 1853; ord. same, 
1856; pastor, Salem Cross-Roads, Pa., 1853-56; Dansville, N. Y., 
1856-58; Canajoharie, N. Y., 1858-59; 2nd., Balto., 1859; m. Mary McC. 
McClean, June 23, 1854; d. Nov. 22, 1859. 


RUETER, ADELBERT, b. Guetersloh, Prussia; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1852; 
ord. Pa. M., 1853; pastor, Orwigsburg, Pa., 1853-56; Middletown, O., 
1856-59; to Ger. Wis. Syn., 1859; suspended, 1860. 


SHARRETTS, EDWARD AUGUSTUS, b. Johnstown, Pa., Oct. 8, 1822; 
s. Fred. and Catherine S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1851; D.D., Sus. U.; lic. 
Pa. M., 1854; ord. same, 1855; pastor, Bloomsburg, Pa., 1854-59; Buck 
Horn, Pa., 1859-60; near Bloomsburg, Pa., 1860-63; Danville, Pa., 1863- 
66; Hughesville, Pa., 1866-69; Light Street, Pa., 1869-72; Columbia Co., 
Pa., 1872-78; Espy, Pa., 1878-86; Fowlersville, Pa., 1886-c01; dir. Sus. 
U.; m. Sophie A. Strickhouser, 1854; she d. July 22, 1855; m. Charity 
A. Creveling, Dec. 2, 1856; she d. Sept. 13, 1870; m. Eliza A. Kelch- 
ner; he d. Dec. 31, 1917. 


WRIGHT, JACOB H., b. Mifflintown, Pa., Jan. 22, 1832; A.B., W. and 
J. Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1853; lic. Pa. M., 1853; ord. Al. Syn., 
1856; pastor, Brookville, Pa., 1853-56; Freeport, Pa., 1857-60; Bethel, 
Pa., 1860-67; Elderton, Pa., 1867-88; Greensburg, Pa., 1888-1900; m. 
Martha Shellabarger, June 6, 1854; children, Mrs. J. M. St. Clair, Mrs. 
Joseph Frantz, Howard, John F., E. H., B. A., d. Feb. 28, 1907. 


1852 
EALY, HENRY FERDINAND, b. Shippensburg, Pa. Mar. 29, 1824; 
Gbg. Col., 1840-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1854; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1854; 
ord. Ia. Syn., 1856; pastor Iowa City and Lyons, Ia., 1855-62; unmar- 
ried; d. Apr. 16, 1862. 


HOPPE, CARL FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Hanover, Ger., Mar. 4, 
1824; emigrated, 1852; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1854; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1854; 


406 


ALUMNI 1853 


ord. same, 1855; pastor, St. Stephen’s, Balto., 1854-61; Orwigsburg, Pa., 
1861-64; Zion’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1864-74; Zion’s, Rochester, N. Y., 1874- 
81; m. Margaretha Bruning, July 1, 1855; 10 children; d. Apr. 4, 1881. 


HOXAR, HENRY, f. Muenster, Westphalia, Prussia; lic. Md. Synod, 
1855; supplied Ger. Ref. Ch., Balto., 1855-56; left ministry and became 
prof. in Mt. Washn. Female Col., 1856. 


KREGELO, JOHN W., b. Taneytown, Md., Apr. 26, 1827; s. Jacob and 
Sophia K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1852; Gbg. Sem., 1852-53; lic. Pa. Min., 
1854; pastor, Leechburg, Pa., 1854; d. Nov. 13, 1854. 


MERBITZ, FREDERICK OSWALD, b. Rossen, Saxony; emigrated 1852; 
Gbg. Sem., 1852-53; lic. Pa. M., 1853; pastor, Nauvoo, Ill, 1854-58; 
Peoria, Ill., 1858-62; Farmington, Ill., 1862; d. Dec. 6, 1862. 


SCHMAUK, BENJAMIN WILLIAM, b. Philadelphia, Oct. 26, 1828; s. 
Benj. and Theresa S.; stud. with Dr. Mann.; A.M., Muhlenberg Col., 
1878; lic. Pa. M., 1853; ord. same, 1854; pastor, Zion’s, Lancaster, Pa., 
1853-64; Salem, Lebanon, Pa., 1864-76, 1883-98; St. Michael’s, Allen- 
town, Pa., 1876-83; dir. Muhlenberg Col.; prof, Muhlenberg Col., 1878- 
79; m. Wilhelmina Catherine Hingel, June 25, 1857; children, Theo. E., 
Emma; she d. May 5, 1906; he d. Apr. 4, 1898. 


1853 


BAER, CHARLES ALFRED, b. Lancaster, Pa., 1830; s. John B.; A.B., 
Yale; Gbg. Sem., 1853-55; lic. Pa. M., 1855; ord. same, 1856; pastor, 
Passyunk, Pa., 1856-59; Norristown, Pa., 1859-63; d. Sept. 9, 1863. 


BELL, LEWIS JACOB, b. near Leitersburg, Md., Oct. 1, 1828; s. Jacob 
E. and Ann Maria (Jacobs) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1855; lic. Pb. Syn., 1855; ord. Al. Syn.,. 1856; pastor, Scalp Level, 
Pa., 1855-58; Ardntsville, Pa., 1858-60; literary, teaching and hospital 
work, 1860-68; book and drug business, Smithburg, Md., 1868-c05; tutor, 
Gbg. Col., 1852-53; m. Charlotte A. Marbourg, Apr. 23, 1857; chil- 
dren, Jas. A., Sarah K., Max F., Henry J., Emerick C., Julia M., Anna 
M., Elizabeth W., Chas. K., Charlotte K.; she d. Apr. 25, 1921; he d. 
Aug. 31, 1907. 


BERGSTRESSER, PETER, b. Selinsgrove, Pa., Apr. 22, 1826; s. Peter and 
Elizabeth (Ulrich) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1855; ord. same, 1856; pastor, Millport, Pa., 1855-57; 
Orangeville, Pa., 1857-61; Canton, IIl., 1861-63; Knoxville, Ill., 1863-65; 


407 


1853 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Three Rivers, Mich., 1865-67; Taneytown, Md., 1867-74; Waynesboro, 
Pa., 1876-87; Middletown, Md., 1888-93; Rockwood, Pa., 1893-1900; 
prof. Hart. Sem., 1874-76; m. Martha Jane Fuller, May 20, 1856; author, 
Baptism and Feet Washing, 1896; d. Apr. 18, 1905, 


BERKEMEYER, FERDINAND, b. Berks Co., Pa., Apr. 10, 1828; s. L. I. 
A. F. and Judith B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; stud. theo. Gbg. Sem., and 
with A. Lochman; lic. Pa. M., 1854; ord. same, 1855; pastor, Friesburg, 
N. J., 1855-57; near Allentown, Pa., 1857-59; Sellersville, Pa., 1859-95; 
m. Kate H. Haberacker, Nov. 20, 1855; she d. May 23, 1895; author, 
Pastor and People; d. Nov. 15, 1917. 


BRECHT, CARL FERDINAND WILHELM, b. Heidelburg, Baden, Ger., 
Aug. 30, 1830; s. Justus and Barbara B.; Baden U.; emigrated, 1853; 
Gbg. Sem., Feb.-Dec., 1854; ord. in Ger.; sometime vicar Schriesheim; 
asst. St. Matt. N. Y. City, and Allentown, Pa.; pastor, Evans City, 
Chicora, Pa., and vicinity, 1854-94; united with O. Jt. Syn., 1859; m. 
Catharine Haas, June 26, 1855; children, Sophia K., Louisa B., Anna 
M., Minnie C., Carl F. W.; d. Nov. 4, 1894. 


DALGAUER, A., f. Heidelberg, Baden, Ger.; no details known. 


DEININGER, RUDOLPH W., b. Vaihugen, Wurtemberg, Ger., Nov. 11, 
1830; s. William D.; grad. Stuttgart Gym., 1847; U. Tubingen, 1847-48; 
emigrated, 1852; Gbg. Col., 1852-53; Gbg. Sem., 1853-54; d. Mar. 
17, 1854. 


DOMER, SAMUEL, b. Sabbath Rest, Pa., Jan. 22, 1826; s. John and Cath- 
erine D.; A.B., Wittenberg Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; D.D., 
Roanoke Col., 1876; lic. Pb. Syn., 1855; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; pastor, 
Selinsgrove, Pa., 1855-66; St. Matt., Reading, Pa., 1869-72; Trinity, 
Shamokin, Pa., 1872-74; St. Paul’s, Washn., 1874-1900; principal, Sus. 
Female Col., 1865-69; m. Lydia Louisa Davis, Jan. 28, 1858; children, 
Delia I., Eulalie, Chas. S.. Wm., Harry, Blair; d. June 2, 1901. 


FORTHMAN, JOHN, b. Neuhaus, Sachsen Meiningen, Ger., Oct. 2, 1816; 
s. John C. and Margaret (Wicklein) F.; emigrated, c1835; Gbg. Col., 
1850-53; Gbg. Sem., 1853-54; lic. Md. Syn., 1854; ord. same, 1856; 
pastor, Crab Orchard, W. Va., 1855-60; Cassville, Pa., 1860-63; Cook- 
port, Pa., 1863-65; Shade Gap., Pa., 1865-68; Gilpin, Pa., 1868-69; in 
business, Carlisle, Pa., 1869-85; m. Sarah Elizabeth Grahames, Sept. 6, 
1838; 4 children; she d. Sept. 23, 1872; he d. July 11, 1885. 

408 


ALUMNI 1853 


HASSLER, JOHN WALDSCHMIDT, b. near Jackson Hall, Pa. Sept. 25, 
1826; s. John and Keturah H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1852; D.D.,, Muhlen- 
berg Col., 1901; lic. Pa. M., 1854; ord. same, 1855; pastor, Rhinebeck, 
N. Y., 1854-55; Center Square, Pa., 1855-62; New Holland, Pa., 1865- 
91; Emmanuel’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1891-93; Ch. of the Advent, Lancaster, 
Pa., 1893-01; chaplain, 2nd. Pa. Artillery, 1862-63; m. Abbie Bilyeu, 
June 7, 1859; 5 children, 2 surviving, A. B., Mary; author, Hist. New 
Holland Luth. Ch., 1880; d. Dec. 26, 1905. 


HILL, REUBEN, b. Hughesville, Pa., July 22, 1826; s. John and Catherine 
H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1852; D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1854; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1855; pastor, St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1855-59; 
Hagerstown, Md., 1859-60; Ist., Pb., Pa., 1860-66; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 
1866-69; Rochester, N. Y., 1869-74; Allentown, Pa., 1874-85; tutor, 
Roanoke Col., 1852-53; asst. prof., Muhlenberg Col., 1876-80; trustee, 
Muhlenberg Col., 1875-85, and treas., 1883-85; agt. Mt. Airy Sem., 1885- 
95; m. Rose F. Schaeffer, June 2, 1857; d. Mar. 3, 1895. 


KEMP, THOMAS WILLIAM, b. Frederick Co., Md., Dec. 2, 1833; s. Col. 
Lewis and Rebecca K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; lic. Md. Syn., 1855; ord. 
same, 1856; assoc. St. Mark’s, Phila., 1855-56; pastor, Chicago, IIl., 
1856-57; unmarried; d. Sept. 14, 1861. 


SCHIERENBECK, JOHN HENRY CONRAD, f. Hanover, Ger.; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. Pa. M., 1855; ord. same, 1856; pastor, Buchanan, 
Pa., 1855-c58; New Castle, Pa., 1862-67; at Marietta, O., 1858-62; at 
Chicago, IIl., 1868-70; at Greenville, O., 1870-c72; prof., Newberry 
Col., c1872-75 ; suspended by Pb. C. Syn., 1871; entered S. C. Syn., 1872, 
and sus. by same, 1875. 


SUESSEROTT, BENJAMIN CHRISTIAN, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Apr. 28, 
1833; s. Christian L. and Eleanor C. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. Md. Syn., 1855; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; pastor, 
Whitemarsh, Pa., 1856-57; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1870-76; prof., 
Ill. State U., 1857-63; prin., Female Sem., Springfield, Ill., 1859-70; m. 
Maria Josephine Schmucker, Dec. 24, 1856; d. Jan. 24, 1876. 


SCHWARTZ, JOHN, f. Adams Co., Pa.; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 1853; 
not lic.; engaged in teaching in Adams and Berks Cos., Pa. 


SWOPE, DAVID, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Dec. 25, 1824; s. Adam and Lydia 
S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1855; 
ord. Al. Syn., 1856; pastor, Whitemarsh, Pa., 1855-56; Johnstown, Pa, 


409 


1854 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1856-59; Dansville, N. Y., 1859-64; Middleburg, N. Y., 1865-69; Know- 
ersville, N. Y., 1869-75; Clearspring, Md., 1875-77; Dickinson, Pa., 
1877-81; m. Clara J. Gilbert, Nov. 5, 1856; d. Nov. 21, 1881. 


TITUS, TIMOTHY TILGHMAN, b. Loudon Co., Va., Mar. 14, 1829; s. 
Itum and Catherine T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; 
lic. W. Pa., 1855; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; pastor, Stoughstown, Pa., 
1855-56; Ardmore, Pa., 1856-61; Milton, Pa., 1861-63; Springfield, O., 
1863-67; St. John’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1867-69; Trinity, Hagerstown, 
Md., 1869-71; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1853-54; prof., Hartwick Sem., 1871-73; 
m. Rachael M. Witherow, July 17, 1855; she d. Jan. 8, 1897; co-ed., 
Luth. Home Journal; author, Hist. St. Paul’s, Lower Merion, Pa., 1860; 
d. Feb. 15, 1873. 


ULERY, WILLIAM FREDERICK, b. Westphalia, Ger., Jan. 16, 1829; s. 
Fred. and Maria U.; emigrated, 1833; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1855; lic. Pb. Syn., 1855; ord. same, 1857; pastor, Greensburg, 
Pa., 1855-63, 1877-84; Greenville, Pa., 1863-71; miss. for Pb. C. Syn., 
1884-89; Smithton, Pa., 1899-03; prof., Thiel Col., 1871-74; prin., sch., 
Mayville, N. Y., 1874-76; at Greensburg, Pa., 1889-99; trustee, Thiel 
Col.; m. Annetta Luyties, June 22, 1859; 3 children; author, Hist. So. 
Cont Pb Cp syn, 100g. Dee 27-1 as, 


WATERS, ASA HARRIS, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Mar. 4, 1824; s. Owen and 
Juliet W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. Pb. Syn., 
1855; ord. same, 1857; pastor, Butler Co., Pa., 1855-56; Melrose, Fla., 
c1893-03; prin., Witherspoon Inst., 1859, Butler, Pa., Aicad., 1860-61, 
Soldiers’ Orphan Sch., Uniontown, Pa., 1866-90; supt., Butler Co., Pa., 
schs., 1863-66; Christian and Sanitary Com. work, 1863; m. H. Cath- 
erine Steck, Oct. 16, 1855; 5 children; d. May 24, 1903. 


1854 


BECKLEY, GEORGE HENRY, b. St. Clair, Pa., May 22, 1829; s. Henry 
and Sarah (Barnette) B.; Gbg. Col., 1850-54; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1856; ord. Mel. Syn., 1858; pastor,, Woodsboro, Md., 
1857-65; Shippensburg, Pa., 1865-68; Boonsboro, Md., 1868-82; Mad- 
ison C. H., Va., 1882-85; Reisterstown, Md., 1885-05; m. Anna Mar- 
garet Claar, June, 1856; children, Edwin L., Geo. H., Wm.; she d. 
June, 1912; he d. June 1, 1905. 


BELFOUR, EDMUND, b. Copenhagen, Denmark, Aug. 9, 1833; s. George 
A. and Sine B.; emigrated, 1841; A.B., Col. of the City of N. Y., 1854; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; D.D., Thiel Col., 1886; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; 
ord. Hart. Syn., 1857; pastor, Schoharie, N. Y., 1857-68; St. John’s, 


410 


ALUMNI 1854 


Easton, Pa., 1868-74; Chicago, Ill., 1874-80; 1st., Pgh., Pa., 1880-92; 
Memorial, Pgh., Pa., 1893-19; pres. bd. Old People’s Home, Zelienople, 
Pa.; trustee, Thiel Col.; tr. Pontoppidan’s Exp. of Luther’s Catechism, 
1879; m. Phoebe A. Blackledge, Mar. 19, 1857; she d. Nov. 10, 1904; 
he d. July 3, 1923. 


COPENHAVER, AMOS, b. Wythe Co., Va., Aug. 31, 1825; s. John and 
Rebecca C.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; Gbg. Sem., 1854-55; 
lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1855; ord. Va. Syn., 1857; pastor, Smithfield, Va., 
1856-59; Boonsboro, Md., 1859-67; McAlisterville, Pa., 1867-82; at Oil 
City, Pa., 1882-85; at York, Pa., 1885-91; at Abilene, Kas., 1891-05; 
at Pgh., Pa., 1905-14; m. Augusta C. Herbst, Nov. 27, 1855; she d. 
Dec. 11, 1914; children, Wm., John, Mrs. A. J. Bean; he d. Oct. 6, 1914. 


FLETCHER, R. H., b. McConnellsburg, Pa., Feb. 24, 1827; stud. theo. 
with Rev. Mr. Richards; Gbg. Sem. few wks.; lic. Al. Syn., 1855; ord. 
same, 1857; pastor, Huntingdon, Pa., 1855-58; Pine Grove, Pa., 1858-61; 
Mifflin, Pa., 1861-67; Lock Haven, Pa., 1867-70; m. Elizabeth Mengel, 
Feb. 24, 1848; 12 children; d. Jan. 18, 1890. 


GRAHN, HUGO, b. Neu-Haldensleben, Prussia, Oct. 6, 1828; s. Chris- 
tian and Charlotte (Lorleberg) G.; emigrated, 1852; grad. Madgeburg 
Gym.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; D.D., Muhlenberg Col.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1856; ord. Pa. M., 1857; pastor, Roxboro, Pa., 1857-58; Bernville, Pa., 
1858-66; Emmanuel’s, Phila., 1866-95, and emeritus, 1895-12; dir. Gbg. 
Sem.; dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-03; trustee, Mary J. Drexel Home; 
member many bds. and coms.; business mgr. Missionsbote, Foreign 
Miss., Siloah; m. Louisa Gillespie, May 7, 1857; she d. Mar. 19, 1858; 
m. Mary C. Kurtz, May 1, 1860; 3 children; he d. Apr. 17, 1912, 


HIPPE, LEWIS, b. Canton, O., Apr. 4, 1826; s. George and Anna H.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1857; pastor, Whitemarsh, Pa., 1857-59; Canajo- 
harie, N. Y., 1859-66; Prospect, Pa., 1866-73; N. Williamsburg, Ont., 
1873-79; Canton, O., 1879; Ottawa, Kas., 1880; m. Louisa McClellan, 
Oct. 28, 1857; he d. Oct. 21, 1901. 


LONG, ADAM, b. Clarion Co., Pa., Dec. 14, 1825; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 
1854; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. Al. Syn., 1857; 
miss. ta India, 1857-66; m. Mary Deitterich, Nov. 12, 1857; 4 children; 
d. Mar. 5, 1866. 


SEIFERT, HENRY, b. York Co., Pa., Aug. 21, 1822; Gettysburg Col., 
1850-54; lic. Al. Syn., 1855; ord. same, 1859; pastor, Martinsburg, Pa., 


411 


1855 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1855-60; Bossardsville, Pa., 1860-69; Rossville, Pa., 1869-71; Rehrers- 
burg, Pa., 1871-73; Jennersville, Pa., 1873-76; Franklintown, Pa., 1876- 
c93; m. Harriet Meisenhelder, Dec. 25, 1843; 7 children; she d. July 
26, 1893; he d. Aug. 26, 1905. 


WAMPOLE, JACOB FREDERICK, b. Spring City, Pa., June 6, 1833; s. 
Jacob and Susanna (Fisher) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1865; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1857; pastor, Shamokin, 
Pa., 1857-68, 1890-06; Turbotville, Pa., 1868-77; Freeburg, Pa., 1877-90; 
dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-86; trustee, Muhlenberg Col.; prin., Elysburg 
Acad., 1860-66; m. Margaret Krick, Nov. 13, 1862; d. July 29, 1906. 


ZIMMERMAN, JOSIAH, b. nr. Greensburg, Pa., Dec. 16, 1828; s. Jona- 
than and Magdalene Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1858; pastor, Millerstown, Pa., 
1856-59; Little Cove, Pa., 1859-61; St. Clairsville, Pa., 1861-64; New 
Centerville, Pa., 1864-69; Elvira, Ia., 1869-71; Dakota City, Neb., 1871- 
76; supt., Pub. Schs., Dakota City, Neb., 1876-80; agt. Am. Tract Soc. 
f. 1877; m. Martha E. Hall, Oct. 26, 1856; 5 children; d. Oct. 16, 1908. 


1855 


PROBST, GEORGE CHRISTIAN, b. Hilbertshausen, Hanover, Ger., Oct. 
1, 1829; s. Fred. P.; emigrated, 1832; Gbg. Col. 1848-53; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1857; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1857; ord. Al. Syn., 1859; pastor, Everett, 
Pa., and vicinity, 1857-99; m. Camilla Elizabeth McDaniel, Dec. 15, 
1857; she d. Mar. 29, 1907; he d. Oct. 29, 1912. 


SCHANTZ, FRANKLIN J. FOGEL, b. Schantz’s Mill, Pa. Jan. 8, 1836; 
s. Jacob and Sarah (Fogel) S.; A.B., F. & M. Col., 1855; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1857; D.D., Augustana Col., 1894; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1857; ord. 
Pa. M., 1858; pastor, Trinity, Reading, Pa., 1857-61; Catasauqua, Pa., 
1861-66; Myerstown, Pa., 1867-07; agt. Mt. Airy Sem., 1865-66; trustee 
Germantown Orphans’ Home and Muhlenberg Col.; pres. Pa. M., 
1901-03; one of founders Pa. Ger. Soc. and pres., 1899-1900; author of 
numerous historical articles; m. Cordelia S. Saeger, Apr. 29, 1858; chil- 
dren, Henry F., Mrs. J. P. Spangler, Mrs. W. S. Haak; she d. June, 
1889; he d. Jan. 19, 1907. 


SCHRECKHEIS, JAMES MONROE, b. nr. Mt. Sidney, Va., June 9, 1831; 
s. Geo. and Jane (Keiser) S.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. 
Va. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1858; pastor, Churchville, Va., 1856-58; 
Rockbridge Co., Va., 1858-60, 1865-15; prof., Newberry Col., 1860-65; 
m. Amanda R. Sieg, Dec. 28, 1863; she d. Nov. 9, 1905; he d. Sept. 
30, 1916. 


412 


ALUMNI 1856 


UNANGST, ERIAS, b. Easton, Pa., Aug. 8, 1824; s. Jacob and Eleanora 
U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. Al. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1857; D.D., 
Wittenberg Col., 1878; miss. to India, 1857-95; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1854- 
56; tr. parts of Bible, hymns, etc., into Telegu; author, Hist. Sketch of 
India Missions, 1879; m. Phoebe Ann Milliken, Sept. 24, 1857; chil- 
dren, Eleanora, Elizabeth, Joseph, Emily, Phoebe, Wm., Luther, David 
M.; she d. Feb. 16, 1888; he d. Oct. 12, 1903. 


1856 


BARCLAY, JOSEPH H., b. Baltimore, Apr. 1, 1833; s. Hugh and Eliza- 
beth B.; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1866; lic. Md. Syn., 1857; ord. same, 1858; 
pastor, Williamsport, Md., 1858-59; Stewartsville, N. J., 1859-63; Red 
Hook, N. Y., 1863-65; Easton, Pa., 1865-72; Ist. Balto., 1872-81; Main 
St., Dayton, O., 1881-86; m. Martha Jenison, Apr. 27, 1856; 5 children; 
she d. Sept. 17, 1877; m. Louisa B. Super, Jan. 9, 1879; 2 children; he 
d. Oct. 14, 1887. 


DOSH, THOMAS WILLIAM LUTHER, b. Strasburg, Va., Nov. 21, 1830; 
s. Wm. and Ann W. D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1858; 
D.D., Roanoke Col., 1875; lic. Va. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 1859; pastor, 
Wheeling, W. Va., 1859-61; Winchester, Va., 1862-72; St. John’s, 
Charleston, S. C., 1872-76; Salisbury, N. C., 1876-77; Burkittsville, 
Md., 1886-89; pres., Roanoke Col., 1877-78; prof., Salem, Va., Sem., 
1878-84; ed. Luth. Visitor, 1874-78; ed. Luth. Home, 1884-86; m. Kate 
Baker Brown, Nov., 3, 1864; 5 children; d. Dec. 24, 1889. 


FINFROCK, AARON, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 1, 1825; s. Peter F. 
and wife (nee Meckley) ; Gbg. Col., 1848-54, 1855-56; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1858; lic. Md. Syn., 1858; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; pastor, Dillsburg, 
Pa., 1858-64; Berks Co., Pa., 1864-65; Womelsdorf, Pa., 1865-91; un- 
married; d. Oct. 29, 1902. 


FIREY, SAMUEL MILLER, b. nr. Clearspring, Md., Dec. 8, 1835; s. 
Henry and Martha F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; left Gbg. Sem. to study 
law at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; admitted to Md. bar, 1860; farmed or 
practiced law in Md., Kas., and Mo., 1860-77; lic. Md. Syn., 1877; ord. 
same, 1878; pastor, Clearspring, Md., 1877-84; m. Martha V. Beall, 
1863, 12 children; d. Nov. 15, 1906. 


KAMP, JOHN A., b. Germany, Mar. 17, 1829; Gettysburg Col., 1850-53; 
d. in Sem. dorm, Sept. 1, 1857. 


KUHNS, HENRY WELTY, b. Greensburg, Pa., Aug. 23, 1829; s. John and 
Susan K.; A.B.,:Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1858; D.D., New- 
413 


1857 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


berry Col., 1883; lic. Pb. Syn., 1858; ord. Al. Syn., 1859; pastor, Omaha, 
Neb., 1858-71; Newberry, S. C., 1872-78; Westminster, Md., 1878-87; 
one of founders Neb. Deaf and Dumb Inst.; dir. Newberry Col.; mem- 
ber bd. Home Miss. G. S., 1883-88, and bd. ed. G. S., 1889-99; m. Char- 
lotte G. Hay, Oct. 18, 1860; children, Luther M., Harry H., Philip F., 
Paul W., John H.; she d. Sept. 24, 1898; he d. Sept. 19, 1899. 


LONG, GEORGE A., b. Stephensburg, Va., July 17, 1830; s. Joseph and 
Elizabeth L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1858; lic. Va. 
Syn., 1858; or. same, 1860; teaching, Staunton, Va., 1858-60; chaplain 
and prof. Deaf, Dumb and Blind Inst., Staunton, Va., 1860-64; at 
Stephensburg, Va., 1864-67; pastor, Stephensburg, Va., 1867-71; Middle- 
way, W. Va., 1872-83; Mt. Sidney, Va., 1883-85; united with Presby. 
Ch., 1886; supplied Mt. Sidney, Va., 1887, and Natural Bridge, Va., 
1888-05; pres., Lexington Inst., 1888; at Richmond, Va., f. 1905; m. 
Mary M. Gordon, July 17, 1866; d. 1908 or ’09. 


MUCKLE, JOHN LEONARD, b. Neustadt, Bavaria, Oct. 13, 1835; united 
with Mo. Syn.; pastor reserve, N. Y., 1861-66 Staunton, IIl., 1866-70; 
d. Nov. 27, 1870. 


SELL, EDWARD HERMAN MILLER, b. near Allentown, Pa., Aug. 16, 
1832; s. Samuel and Mary (Miller) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1858; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, 
Fogelsville, Pa., 1859-61; Richlandtown, Pa., 1861-64; deposed by Pa. 
M., 1864; stud. med. with John Floto, M. D.; stud. Bellevue Hosp. Med. 
Col., 1866; stud. med. several years in Europe; grad. Master of Obstet- 
rics, U. of Vienna, 1872; organized lst. practical gynecol. operative 
course of the world at U. of Vienna, 1871; discovered cure of morphine 
habit. Made 5 foreign tours. One of 7 organizers Am. Acad. Med- 
icine, 1876. Fellow or member of numerous organizations. Del. Int. 
Med. Congresses, 1890, 94, British Med. Assn., 1870, 73, 76; author of 
numerous medical articles; ed. Physician and Pharmacist, 1869-80; m. 
Anna J. Lloyd, Jan. 17, 1894; children, Edward L., Chas. S.; d. June 
7, 1920. 


1857 


AUGHEY, SAMUEL, b. Juniata Co., Pa. Feb. 8, 1831; s. Samuel and 
Elizabeth A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; Ph.D., U. of O., 1874; Wit. Col., 
1875, Gbg. Col., 1876; LL.D., Wit. Col., 1878; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1858; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 1858-62; Blairsville, Pa., 
1862-63; Duncannon, Pa., 1863-65; Dakota City, Neb., 1865-67; prof. 
U. of Neb., 1871-83; territorial geologist of Wyo., 1883-86; tutor Gbeg. 
Col., 1856-57; engaged in scientific work, 1867-71, 1886-12; m. Elizabeth 


414 


ALUMNI 1857 


C. Welty, Oct. 14, 1858; children, Helen B., Annie A., Welty; she d. 
Apr. 23, 1920; author of numerous scientific treatises; member numerous 
organizations; d. Feb. 3, 1912. 


BIKLE, LOUIS ALFRED, b. Thurmont, Md., Nov. 6, 1834; s. Christian 


and Barbara (Fichte) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; Gbg. Sem., 1857-58; 
D.D., F. & M., 1874; prof. N. C. Col., 1858-61; chaplain, 20th. N. C. 
Ret., 1863-65; pres., N. C. Col., 1866-75, 1880-84; pastor, St. Jas., Con- 
cord, N. C., 1875-80; St. Matt., Kings Mt, N. C., 1884-1904; prof., 
Gaston Female Col., 6 yrs.; prin., Kings Mt. H. S., 5 yrs.; rt., 1904; 
m. Sarah A. Chritzman, Dec. 27, 1859; res., Concord, N. C. 


BLACKWELDER, DANIEL M., b. nr. Concord, N. C., Nov. 30, 1830; 


A.B., Roanoke Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; 
ord. S. C. Syn., 1860; pastor, Pomaria, S. C., 1859-65; New Chester, 
Pa., 1865-67; York Springs, Pa., 1867-70; Mifflintown, Pa., 1870-76; 
Upper Strasburg, Pa., 1876-77; Arndtsville, Pa., 1877-88; St. Clairsville, 
Pa., 1888-95; Saxton, Pa., 1895-97; m. Jane C. McCleary, Mar. 24, 1860; 
children, Anna, Mrs. A. E. Petriken, E. T., C. S., L. D.; d. Oct. 16, 
1900. 


FLECK, HENRY RAMEY, b. Sinking Valley, Pa. Feb. 26, 1834; s. 


Henry and Catherine (Ramey) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; Gbg. Sem., 
1857-58; lic. Al. Syn., 1858; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; pastor, Luzerne Co.. 
Pa., 1859-61; Lewistown, Pa., 1861-65; New Kingston, Pa., 1865-71, 
1881-89; Newville, Pa., 1871-72; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1872-75; Stone 
Church, Pa., 1875-81; Huntingdon, Pa., 1900-08; m. Mary Elizabeth 
Durst, Aug. 20, 1861; she d. June 14, 1873; m. Annie Mary French, 
Oct. 21, 1875; he d. Nov. 15, 1908. 


FRIDAY, JACOB, b. Chester Springs, Pa., Mar. 26, 1832; Gettysburg Col., 


1853-57; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1861; 
taught sch., 1859-61; d. Dec. 2, 1861. 


FRITZE, CHARLES A., b. Giersdorf, Prussia; U. of Berlin; emigrated 


1856; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 1859; pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 
1858-60; Egg Harbor, N. J., 1860-62; St. John’s, Dayton, O., 1862-c77; 
Wilkinsburg, Pa., cl877-c88; Hastings, Neb., 1888-01; wife d. 1890; 5 
children; he d. May 25, 1901. 


GILBERT, DAVID McCONAUGBHY, b. Gettysburg, Feb. 4, 1836; s. David 


and Jane E. (Brown) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1859; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1880; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. Va. Syn., 
1860; pastor, Staunton, Va., 1859-63, 1871-73; Savannah, Ga., 1863-71; 


415 


1857 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Winchester, Va., 1873-87; Zion’s, Harrisburg, Pa., 1887-05; Ist. pres., 
United Syn. South, 1886-87; member bd. foreign missions G. S., 1889-05; 
author, Luth. Ch. in Va., 1776-86; m. Mary Rutledge Falligant, Oct. 
29, 1866; children, John G., Wm. K., David McC., Marion, Henry D., 
Katherine, Jane; d. Oct. 16, 1905. 


GOTWALD, LUTHER ALEXANDER, b. York Springs, Pa, Jan. 31, 
1833; s. Daniel and Susan (Krone) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1859; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. 
same, 1860; pastor, Shippensburg, Pa., 1859-63; Lebanon, Pa., 1863-65; 
Dayton, O., 1865-68; Chambersburg, Pa., 1869-74; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 
1874-85; 2nd. Springfield, O., 1885-88; prof., Wit. Sem., 1888-95, and 
emeritus, 1895-1900; dir. Wit. Col., 1865-69; trustee Gbg. Col., 1873-85; 
dir. Gbg. Sem., 1871-80; member bd. ch. ext. G. S., 1874-85, bd. home 
miss. G. S., 1874-85; author, Bio. of Lucas Rauss, 1878; Confessional- 
ism in the G. S., 1893: Sermons for Festival Days, 1895; Joy in the 
Divine Govt. and other Sermons, 1901; m. Mary E. King, Oct. 13, 1859; 
children, Luther A., Wm. W., Geo. D., D. King, Fred G., Robt. C., Al- 
mena, Mary, 1 d. infancy; she d. Nov. 13, 1919; he d. Sept. 15, 1900. 


HOEHN, HENRY, b. Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Ger.; grad. Gettysburg Sem., 
1859; lic. Pb. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1861; miss. in West Canada, 1859- 
61; pastor, East Liberty, Pa., 1861-62; left ministry, 1862, and became 
bookseller in Phila. 


HOFFA, CYRUS SAMUEL, f. Myerstown, Pa.; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 
1857; lic. 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1863; no pastorate; entered U. S. Army 
and killed, 1865. 


HUGHES, JOSEPH MONG, f. Smithsburg, Md., A.B., Gettysburg Col., 
1857; not lic.; at Smithburg, Md., until 1865; taught sch. at Green- 
castle, Pa., and boys’ sch. at Xenia, O.; supt. schs. New Castle, Ind., 
Dublin, Ind., Hagerstown, Ind., Connersville, Ind.; m. a Miss Burke of 
Greencastle, Pa.; m. 2nd., India Scott, 1871; he d. 1891. 


KRAMLICH, BENJAMIN ELIAS, b. Weisenberg, Pa., Oct. 7, 1831; s. 
Christian and Catherine (Kocher) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, nr. Kutztown, Pa., 1858-00; 
one of founders and pres. bd. trustees, Kutztown State Normal Sch., 
1877-00; m. Sophia Bieber, May 12, 1863; children, W. W., John F., 
Geo. E., Ella E., Charlotte B.; d. Jan. 1, 1900. 


KUNTZ, DAVID, b. Lehigh Co., Pa. Dec. 7, 1832; s. Jacob and Rachael 
K.; Allentown Sem., 1850-56; stud. theo. with Jer. Schindel and Gbg. 


416 


ALUMNI 1858 


Sem.; ord. Pa. M., 1858; pastor, Cherryville, Pa., 1858-69; Nazareth, 
Pa., 1869-05; m. Eliza Mickley; children, Mrs. Jacob S. Myers, Mrs. C. 
N. Brobst, Elizabeth, Jacob D. M.; d. Dec. 15, 1918. 


MILLER, JOHN I., b. Rockingham Co., Va., June 2, 1830; s. Joseph and 
Elizabeth (Link) M.; Roanoke Col.; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1886; lic. 
Mel. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 1859; pastor, Clearspring, Md., 1858-60; 
Shepherdstown, Va., 1860-65; Staunton, Va., 1865-70; supplied Luray, 
Va., several yrs.; founder and ed, Luth. Visitor, 1867-70; prin. Staunton 
Female Sem., 1870-82; pres., Luray, Va., Female Sem., f. 1882; m. Lida 
Hulls, Oct. 2, 1860; she d. c1909; surviving s., C. Armand; he d, Feb. 
26, 1912. 


SCHNURRER, OTTO KARL WILHELM, b. Stuttgart, Ger., Dec. 25, 
1831; s. Christian K. and Karolina (Hoffman) S.; Stuttgart Gym, 
1843-47; employed by various chemical firms, 1847-56; emigrated, 1856; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, Middle Village, L. L., 
1859-63; in Ger., 1860-61; recd. into R. C. Ch., 1863; deposed by Pa. M.., 
1864; prof., Cath. H. S., Pgh., Pa., 1864-65; prof., St. Vincent’s Col., 
Wheeling, W. Va., 1865-73; prof., Notre Dame, Ind., 1873-79; druggist, 
Hanover, Kas., 1880-83; druggist, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1883-87; ed. Ohio 
W atsenfreund, 1887-05; m. Bertha Loeser, Apr., 1861; children, Paul, 
Peter, Anna, Elizabeth, Martha, Otto; she d., 1889; he d. Jan. 6, 1905. 


SNYDER, JOSEPH A., b. near Staunton, Va., Dec. 25, 1827; A.B., Roanoke 
Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. Va. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 
1859; pastor, Brandonville, W. Va., 1859-60; Woodstock, Va., 1860-66; 
New Market, Va., 1866-07; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1897; m. Ist. a Miss 
Hiller; s., A. H.; m. 2nd., Virginia Allen; 2 children; m. 3rd., Georgia 
Warfield; children, Mrs. Ralph Thomas, Mrs. W. H. Overcarsh, Geo. 
W.; he d. May 22, 1917. 


WOLF, MICHAEL, b. Baden, Ger., Dec. 20, 1831; emigrated 1851; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. Md. Syn., 1860; pastor, 
Frostburg, Md., 1860-61; Chambersburg, Pa., 1861-64; Altoona, Pa., 
1864-75; Schenectady, N. Y., 1875-77; d. Mar. 5, 1899. 


1858 


BERLIN, SOLOMON JESSE, b. nr. Greensburg, Pa., May 29, 1831; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; lic. Pb. Syn., 1860; ord. Al. 
Syn., 1861; pastor, Williamsburg, Pa., 1861-62; Duncansville, Pa., 
1862-65; Williamsport, Md., 1865-67; Tremont, Pa., 1867-68; tutor, 
Gbg. Col., 1859; principal, Bedford, Pa., Acad., 1865; m. Martha E. 
J. Robinson, Jan. 1, 1861; she d. Jan. 21, 1870; he d. Feb. 8, 1868. 

417 


1858 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


DARMSTAETTER, JOHN ADAM, b. Lichtenberg, Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., 
July 28, 1831; emigrated, 1848; Gbg. Sem., 1858-59; ord. Pa. Min., 1859; 
pastor, Salem, Columbia, Pa.; Zion, Marietta, Pa.; St. Paul’s, Columbia, 
Pa., 1868-99; author, Schlarafhade: Ref. Geschichte: Luther’s Life in 
Verse; m. Mary Anna Leitenberger; d. Dec. 20, 1899. 


EARLY, JOHN WILLIAM, b. near Palmyra, Pa., Sept. 3, 1835; s. William 
and Leah (Dutweiler) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; pastor, Leacock, Pa., 1860-66; Elizabethtown, 
Pa., 1866-68; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1868-70; Stone Valley, Pa., 1870-75; 
Danville, Pa., 1875-83; Trevorton, Pa., 1883-87; Millersville, Pa., 1887- 
89; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1889-93; trustee, Muhlenberg Col., 1877-86; dir. 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1886-89; author, Luth. Ministers of Berks Co., Pa., 
1902: Sketches of Berks Co., Pa., Congs., Reading Times, 1907; m. Jane 
M. Eggers, Jan. 8, 1861; d. Jan. 15, 1918. 


EARNEST, JOHN ADAM, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Nov. 5, 1832; s. Obed 
and Margaret (Cobaugh) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; D.D., same, 1888; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. Pb. Syn., 1862; pastor, Kittanning, Pa., 
1859-69; Westminster, Md., 1870-78; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1878-85; Mif- 
flinburg, Pa., 1885-97; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1857-58; prof., West. Md. Col., 
1876-77 ; dir., Gbg. Sem.; m. Julia G. McCreary, Oct. 6, 1859; children, 
Mrs. R. W. Barber, J. Paul, Frank McC., Mrs. Harry M. Wolf, 
Mrs. A. D. Chiquoine, Chas. W.; she d. Jan. 15, 1895; m. Mrs. Maria 
Louisa (Shindel) Cronmiller, Sept. 8, 1896; she d. Apr. 29, 1909; he d. 
Feb. 21, 1904. 


HOLMAN, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Oct. 6, 1831; s. 
Samuel and Sarah H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1855; druggist, Harrisburg, Pa., 
1855-57; stud. theo. with C. A. Hay and Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Gbg. Col., 
1884; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1860; pastor, Pottsville, Pa., 1859- 
61; Altoona, Pa., 1863-67; Grace, Phila., 1868-73; Calvary, Phila., 1874- 
97; chaplain 48th. Rgt. Pa. V., 1861-63; founder of Holman lectureship, 
Gbg. Sem., 1865; member bd. pub. G. S.; dir. Luth. Obs. Assn.; m. 
Frances Hazen, Mar. 17, 1863; she d. July 11, 1900; he d. Jan. 31, 1907. 


HOLLAND, GEORGE W., b. Churchville, Va., July 16, 1838; A.B., Roa- 
noke Col., 1857; Gbg. and Union Sems.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; Ph.D., 
Roanoke Col., 1883; D.D., U. of S. C., 1888; lic. Va. Syn., 1860; ord. 
same, 1864; pastor, Rockingham, Va., 1860-61, 1867-73; Pomaria, S. C., 
1873-74; tutor, Roanoke Col., 1857-58; pvt. and chaplain 33rd. Ret. Va. 
V., 1861, until lost left arm; asst. prof., Salem, Va., Sem., 1862-67; 
prin. prep. dept., Roanoke Col., 1863-67; prof., Newberry Col., 1874-77 
and pres., 1877-95; m. Pauline Bittle, 1867; d. Sept. 30, 1895. 


418 


ALUMNI 1858 


HUBER, ELI, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Jan. 14, 1834; s. Jacob and Sarah H.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1855; D.D., same, 1884; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. 
same, 1859; pastor, Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1858-60; Danville, Pa., 1860- 
61; Hummelstown, Pa., 1861-66; Nebraska City, Neb., 1866-76 Messiah, 
Phila., 1876-92; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1856-57; prof., Greencastle, Pa., Acad., 
1855-56, 1857-58; prof., Otoe U., 1870-71; supt. schs., Nebraska City, 
Neb., 1872-75; prof., Gbg. Col., 1892-05; member bd. pub. G. S.; dir., 
Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary Ellen Deibert, Apr. 22, 1860; children, Chas. H., 
Mrs. Jas. Hibbs, Mrs. John M. Blocher; she d. Apr. 13, 1893; he d. May 
12, 1911. 


KEEDY, CORNELIUS L., b. Rohrersville, Md., Mar. 28, 1834; s. Daniel 
and Sophia K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; M.D., source unknown; lic. E, 
Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1862; pastor, Johnstown, Pa., 1857-61; Rieg- 
elsville, Pa., 1861-62; Barren Hill, Pa., 1862-65; Centerville, Pa., 1869- 
71; Waynesboro, Pa., 1871-75; prin., Hagerstown Female Sem., several 
years after, 1875; practiced med. 7 yrs.; m. Elizabeth W. Marbourg, 
May 1, 1860; d. Mar. 25, 1911. 


KLOSS, DANIEL, b. Union Co., Pa., Mar. 18, 1830; s. Daniel and Eliza- 
abeth (Steininger) K.; A.B., U. of Mich., 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; 
D.D., Highland Col., 1884; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1861; pas- 
tor, New Berlin, Pa., 1860-71; Lykens, Pa., 1871-77; entered min. of 
Cong. Ch., July, 1877; prof. and regent, Highland Col., 1878-90; pres., 
Nor. Sch. Bd., Tempe, Ariz., 1893-97; pastor, Highland, Kas., 1877-88; 
White Cloud, Kas., 1878-82; Tempe, Ariz., 1892-1900; also served White 
Eagle Sch. and Leona, Kas.; rt., 1900; res., Claremont, Cal.; m. Re- 
becca Jane Kloss, May 24, 1860; children, Chas. L., Mary K., Annie K.; 
she d. Nov. 7, 1904; he d. Jan. 11, 1912. 


KUENDIG, JOHN JACOB, b. Zurich, Switzerland, Dec. 6, 1830; s. John 
and Elizabeth (Hauser) K.; grad. Miss. Inst., Basel, 1858, and Gbg. 
Sem., 1860; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1898; emigrated, 1858; ord. Pa. M., 1860; 
asst. Trinity, Reading, Pa., 1859-60; pastor, St. John’s, Reading, Pa., 
1860-17; ed. Pilger, 14 yrs.; trustee, Topton Orphans’ Home; m. Emma 
S. Shalters, June 12, 1860; she d. 1899; he d. June 17, 1917. 


MILLER, VICTOR, b. nr. Clear Spring, Md., Oct. 24, 1834; s. Samuel 
and Mary (Firey) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; Gbg. and Union Sems.; 
grad., Gbg. Sem., 1861; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1917; lic. Md. Syn., 1861; 
ord. same, 1862; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 1862-71; teaching in Md., 
1871-80; Leitersburg, Md., 1881-14, and emeritus, 1914-22; member Co. 
I, 55th Rgt. Pa. Militia, 1863, and Christian Commission, 1864; tutor, 

419 


1858 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Gbg. Col., 1858-59; m. Mary Spickler, Oct. 19, 1865; children, Mary E., 
Matilda K., Luther F.; she d. Aug. 10, 1873; m. Josephine Mary New- 
comer, Feb. 7, 1882; he d. Feb. 8, 1922. 


PFATTEICHER, PHILIP, b. Baden, Ger., Sept. 18, 1836; emigrated 1858; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; assoc. St. John’s, Easton, 
Pa., 1860-c62; pastor, Zion, Easton, Pa., cl1862-08; m. Emma Spaeth; 
children, Ernst, Karl, Otto, Mrs. Wm. Sahler; she d. Feb. 27, 1925; he 
d. Sept. 18, 1908. 


PHILLIPPI, ALEXANDER, b. nr. Rural Retreat, Va., July 25, 1833; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; grad. Sem., 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; pastor, 
S. W. Va. Syn., 1861; pastor, Charlotte, N. C., 1859-60; Lynchburg, 
Va., 1860-61; Wytheville, Va., 1866-15; It. 29th. Va. Rgt., 1861-62, and 
chaplain, 1862-65; agt. for Roanoke Col., 1865-66; founded, Trinity Fe- 
male Col., Wytheville, Va., and pres. 21 yrs.; trustee, Roanoke Col., 
c1865-15; m. Cynthia M. Brown, Oct. 18, 1860; no children; d. Nov. 
28, 1915. 


RATH, JACOB B., b. nr. Hellertown, Pa.; s. Jacob and Susanna R.; 
A.B., Gbg. Cl. 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; pastor, 
Nazareth, Pa., 1860-65; Bethlehem, Pa., 1865-85; dir., Mt. Airy Sem., 
1879-85; trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1869-85; prof. Muhlenberg Col., 1869- 
71; ed. Ch. Messenger, 1876-85; m. C. Elizabeth Sellers, June 25, 1861; 
3 children; d. Aug. 6, 1885. 


SANNER DANIEL, b. Daaden, Altkirchen, Prussia, June 19, 1830; emi- 
grated, 1857; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, Minersville, Pa., 1860-71; Tre- 
mont, Pa., 1871-93, and emeritus until 98; m. Elizabeth Hellenthal, Dec. 
16, 1855; d. Dec. 19, 1898. 


SCHWARTZ, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Gettysburg, Jan. 8, 1834; s. William 
P. and Isabella S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; stud. theo. private and Gbg. 
Sem.; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1891; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
1860; pastor, Berwick, Pa., 1859-61; Lycoming Co. Pa., 1861-62; 
Worthington, Pa., 1867-19; taught in Acad. at Johnstown, Pa., 1862-65, 
and Martinsburg, Pa., 1865-67; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Kate C. Gember- 
ling, Dec. 27, 1859; m. Philomena Keller, Apr. 22, 1891; children, Mrs. 
M. M. Allbeck, Wm. K., Fred. K.; d. May 23, 1919. 


SHIREY, JOHN D., b. Augusta Co., Va. May 15, 1836; A.B., Roanoke 
Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1895; lic. Va. 
Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1861; pastor, Mt. Tabor, Va., 1860-67; Floyd C. 


420 . 


ALUMNI 1859 


H., Va., 1867-70; Beth. Eden, S. C., 1870-82; St. Luke’s, Rowan Co., 
N. C., 1882-89; pres. N. C. Col., 1889-96; d. Apr. 5, 1896. 


STECK, CHARLES T., b. nr. Hughesville, Pa., Jan. 2, 1835; s. Fred. and 
Catherine (Hill) S.; A.B., Grinnell Col.; Gbg. Sem.; grad. Wit. Sem.; 
A. M., Wit. Col., 1863; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1863; chap- 
lain 79th Ret. Pa. Vol., 1862-63; pastor, Lancaster, O., 1864-65; Ham- 
ilton, O., 1865-66; became pastor of the Episcopal Ch. at Gambier, O., 
1866; retd. to Luth. Ch., 1874; pastor 2nd, Altoona, Pa., 1874-c76; In- 
diana, Pa., c1876-c79; Homer City, Pa., cl1879-82; Messiah, Pgh., Pa., 
1882-85; Bellefonte, Pa., 1885-89; Shamokin, Pa., 1889-11; m. Fannie 
Parks, 1865; children, Chas. W., Fred. P., Eugene, Edward, Retta, 
John; d. Aug. 26, 1911. 


STOCK, DANIEL, b. nr. New Oxford, Pa. Apr. 18, 1828; s. William and 
Elizabeth S.; New Oxford Col. Inst,; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; lic. Al. 
Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1862; pastor, Martinsburg, Pa., 1860-66, 1876-79; 
Sulphur Springs, Pa., 1866-70; Bainbridge, Pa., 1871-73; Seven Val- 
leys, Pa., 1874-76; Wrightsville, Pa., 1881-87; m. Elizabeth Wolf, 1850; 
children, Chas. M., Mrs. A. H. Secrist; she d. May 10, 1908; he d. 
June 1, 1900. 


STEINHAUER, CHARLES E., b. Lanterecken, Bavaria, Ger., Aug. 3, 1834; 
stud. Erlangen U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; ord., 1860; pastor, Ironton, 
O.; Hagerstown, Md.; Baltimore, Md.; Syracuse, N. Y.; New York 
City; Canarsie, L. I.; d. Jan. 31, 1908. 


ULERY, CHRISTIAN D., b. Westphalia, Ger., Sept. 23, 1832; s. Fred. 
and Maria (Kohlmeir) U.; emigrated, 1833; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; lic. 
Pb. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1861; pastor, Grace, Pgh. Pa., 1859-61; 
Lionville, Pa., 1861-62; unmarried; d. Nov. 8, 1862. 


WEBER, JOHN JACOB, b. Wurtemberg, Ger., Nov. 12, 1820; emigrated 
1847; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1858; pastor, Ashland, Pa., 
1856-91; m. Rebecca Herb, Sept. 7, 1858; d. Apr. 20, 1894. 


1859 


BARNITZ, SAMUEL BACON, b. York, Pa., May 12, 1838; s. Samuel M. 
and Sarah (Demuth) B.; Gbg. Col., 1858-59; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; 
D.D., Carthage Col., 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1862; pas- 
tor, Wheeling, W. Va., 1862-81; West Sec. Bd. Home Miss., G. S., 1881- 
02; m. Eliza Smyser, Dec. 9, 1868; children, Susan L., Sarah E., Samuel 
S.; she d. July 15, 1874; m. Ann Eliza Park, Aug. 14, 1877; children, 
David P., Fred. B.; he d. June 12, 1902. 


421 


1859 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


BAUGHER, HENRY LOUIS, b. Gettysburg, Aug. 6, 1840; s. Henry L. and 
Clara M. (Brooks) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; 
Andover Sem., 1862-63; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1880; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1863; 
assoc. Wheeling, W. Va., 1863-64; pastor, Trinity, Norristown, Pa., 
1864-67 ; Indianapolis, Ind., 1868; Kountze Mem., Omaha, Neb., 1880-81 ; 
prof. Gbg. Col. 1869-80, 1883-96; temp. prof. Gbg. Sem., 1869-73, 
1883; prof. Howard U., 1883; member 2nd, 3rd, 4th Int. S. S. Lesson 
Coms.; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1889-99; pres. G. S., 1895-96; member G. S. 
hymn book com.; ed. Augsburg S. S. Teacher, 1875-94; ed. Luth. World, 
1896-97; author, Commentary on Luke, 1896; m. Ida Smith, Apr. 3, 
1872; 1 dau.; d. Feb. 11, 1899. 


EBBERT, JOHN WALTER, b. nr. Greencastle, Pa. Feb. 2, 1831; s. John 
and Elizabeth E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; lic. 
C. Pa, Syn.. 1861; ord. same, 1863; pastor, Franklin, Pa., 1861-62; 
Cassville, Pa., 1862-64; Fairfield, Ia., 1865-67; Russel Station, Ia., 
1867; prof. Fairfield Col.; m. Margaret Rupert, Apr. 30, 1863; d. Nov. 
19, 1867. 


EICHELBERGER, WEBSTER, b. Frederick Co., Md., Mar. 9, 1835; s. 
Martin and Maria C. E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; taught several yrs:; lic. 
Va. Syn., 1860; ord. S. C. Syn., 1864; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 
1869-70; Page Co., Va., 1870-71; Capon Springs, W. Va., 1871-85; 
Smithfield, W. Va., 1885-86; tutor, Roanoke Col., 1860-61; private Co. 
G., 2nd Regt. Va. Inf., 1861-62; prin. prep. dept. Newberry Col., 1862- 
64; miss. service with Conf. Army, especially 20th Rgt. S. C. Inf., 1864- 
65; prof. in military sch. near Balto., 1865-66; prof. private sch. Guil- 
ford, N. C., 1866-67; prof. private sch. New York, N. Y., 1867-69; m. 
Elizabeth Maria Hobart, Dec. 9, 1874; one s.; d. Dec. 15, 1886. 


GOETTMAN, JOHN GEORGE, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Apr. 11, 1840; s. 
Geo. and Elizabeth G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; 
D.D,. Gbg. Col., 1885; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1862; pastor, 
Dickinson, Pa., 1861-63; Trinity, Pgh., Pa., 1863-98 and emeritus until 
05; trustee Gbg. Col., 1877-05; m. Catherine L. Yeager, Mar. 24, 1868; 
dau., Bessie; d. Nov. 5, 1905. 


GUSS, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, b. Juniata Co., Pa, Aug. 21, 1834; s. 
Abraham and Mary M. (Aughey) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1860; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1860; ord. W. Pa., 1860; pastor, Dickin- 
son, Pa., 1860-61; left ministry, 1865; prop. and ed. Juniata Sentinel, 
1861-65, and Huntingdon Globe, 1872-77; prin. Soldiers’ Orphans’ Sch., 
Cassville, Pa. 1865-72; with U. S. Treas. Dept., 1879-85; m. Susan 
Maria Rindlaud, Nov., 1856; children, Adelaide E., Harry T., Annie M., 


422 


ALUMNI 1859 


Mary F., Kate G., Emma, G.; she d. Oct. 28, 1916; author, several his- 
torical, genealogical and biographical works; he d. Dec. 7, 1887. 


HEILIG, THEOPHILUS, b. Center Square, Pa., July 31, 1837; s. George 
and Susanna (Hook) H.; stud. Hartwick Sem., 1853-57; stud. Union 
Col., 1857-58; A.B., Gbg: Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; D.D., 
Hartwick Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1862; pastor, 
Smithfield Parish, Pa., 1861-64, 1880-1914; Riegelsville, Pa., 1864-76; 
N. Wales, Pa., 1878-80; m. Mary Alice Davis, Jan. 19, 1869; children, 
Wm. D., Adeline N., Matthias R.; rt. Oct. 1, 1914; res., Phila. 


SCHMIDT, FREDERICK, b. Frankfort-on-Oder, Ger., Sept. 8, 1807; ord. 
1833; at Ann Arbor, Mich., 1859-60, 1863-83; Theresa, Wis., 1860-63; 
d. Sept. 3, 1883. 


SCHMIDT, JOHN HENRY, b. Enger, Prussia, Aug. 9, 1827; emigrated 
1852; Gbg. Prep., 1856-58; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; lic. Al. Syn., 1861; 
ord. same, 1863; pastor, Altoona, Pa., 1861-64; Trevorton, Pa., 1864-68; 
White Haven, Pa., and vicinity, 1868-75; Freeland, Pa., 1875-91; m. 
Louisa Ann Newman, Oct. 27, 1862; 5 children; d. Feb. 17, 1899. 


SCHMUCKER, GEORGE WILLIAM SPENER, b. Gettysburg, Pa., July 
16, 1836; s. S. S. and Catherine (Steenbergen) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1854; teaching, 1854-59; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; ord. Pa. M., 1862; pas- 
tor, Red Hook, N. Y., 1862-68; Pottstown, Pa., 1868-70; agt. Mutual 
Life Ins. Co., Phila., 1871-05; m. Delia P. Feller, Nov. 28, 1869; 2 chil- 
dren; d. Mar. 26, 1905. 


SIEKER, JOHN HENRY, b. Schweinfurth, Bavaria, Oct. 23, 1838; emi- 
grated, cl851; Gbg. Prep., 1858-59; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; ord. Wis. 
Syn., 1861; pastor, Granville, Wis., 1861-67; St. Paul, Minn., 1867-76; 
St. Matt., New York, N. Y., 1876-04; co-founder N. W. U., Wis.; pro- 
gym. at Hawthorne; orphanage, hospital and old people’s home in New 
York; co-ed. Gememdeblati, 1868-76; m. Julia Sophia Streissguth, c1863; 
she d. July 15, 1904; he d. Dec. 30, 1904. 


STRUNTZ, GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, b. Weissenburg, Bavaria, June 24, 
1829; s. Gottlieb G. and Margaret B. (Wolf) S.; emigrated, 1859; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1861; pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 1860-62; 
Sumneytown, Pa., 1862-c66; Chestnut Hill, Pa., c1866-72; St. John’s, 
Mauch Chunk, Pa., 1872-76; Pleasant Corners, Pa., 1876-79; Pittston, 
Pa., 1879-91; St. Paul’s, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1891-96; trustee Muhlen- 
berg Col.; m. Margaret B. Wolf, 1862; d. Aug. 15, 1896. 


423 


1860 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


WEISE, ARTHUR JAMES, b. Shepherdstown, Va., Aug. 15, 1838; s. Henry 
and Ann E. (Crawford) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1861; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; not ord.; It. Co. A, 76th Md. Vol., 1862- 
64; ed. staff of Troy, N. Y., Morning Whig and Daily Times for sev- 
eral yrs.; member Soc. Army of the Potomac, Am. Hist. Assn., Natl. 
Geo. Soc., Bklyn. Inst. of Arts and Science, etc.; author, numerous his- 
torical and biographical works; m. Catherine Virginia Updegraff, Apr. 
3, 1869; she d. Oct. 16, 1880; m. Abigail Louisa Forgus, Feb. 4, 1885; 
he d. 1910 or ’11. 


1860 


APPLE, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Pleasant Valley, Pa., Sept. 15, 1832; 
s. Andrew and Margaret A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1862; ord. Pa. M., 1862; pastor, Maytown, Pa., 1862-64; Stone Church, 
Pa., 1864-83; Bangor, Pa., 1883-95; Stroudsburg, Pa., 1895-c12; trustee, 
Muhlenberg Col., 1868-76; m. Mary E. Book, May 26, 1863; she d. 
June 26, 1868; m. Ella Pearson Jan. 31, 1869; 4 children; he d. Nov. 
21, 1914. 


CROLL, ALFRED DELONG, b. Berks Co., Pa., June 25, 1838; s. John and 
Catherine (DeLong) C.; Freeland Sem.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Berks Co., Pa., 1862-67; 
Berks and Lyons Cos., Pa., 1867-76; 4 children; d. June 19, 1876. 


FOX, JOSIAH B., b. Douglass, Pa. Nov. 25, 1833; s. Jonas and Susan 
(Beiterman) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; ord. 
Pa. M., 1862; pastor, Shippenville, Pa., 1862-68; Emlenton, Pa., 1868-88; 
Schnecksville, Pa., 1888-01; founder and prin. Emlenton Acad., 1868-88; 
trustee Thiel Col.; m. Harriet Kribbs, June 5, 1866; 3 children; she d. 
1896; he d. May 26, 1901. 


FOX, WILLIAM BEITERMAN, b. Congo, Pa., Oct. 21, 1837; s. Jonas 
and Susan (Beiterman) F.; Freeland Sem.; Frederick Sem., 1856-58; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pas- 
tor, Berwick, Pa., 1862-68; Sumneytown, Pa., 1868-05; m. Elizabeth F. 
Mack, June 5, 1864; 4 children; d. May 4, 1905. 


GROFF, JOHNSON R., b. Lebanon, Pa., Feb. 7, 1832; s. Rudolph and Mary 
Ann (Carpenter) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. 
same, 1862; pastor, Trinity, Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1861-62, and St. John’s, 
same, 1862-72; 1st Erie, Pa., 1872-74; St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 1874-81; 
Danville, Pa., 1881-88; Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 1888-91; St. Paul’s, Doyles- 
town, Pa., 1891-01; St. John’s, Lykens, Pa., 1901-04; m. S. Gertrude 


424 


ALUMNI 1860 


Riegel, Jan. 8, 1865; children, Mrs. I. D. West, Mrs. Ed. Heistand, Mrs. 
Harold Otter, Eleanor, Tenny, Paul, Arthur, John; m. a Miss Klein- 
dienst, of Easton, Pa., 1889; he d. Dec. 30, 1904. 


GROH, ABRAHAM H., b. nr. Myerstown, Pa., Sept. 19, 1838; s. Henry 
and Maria G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; ord. Pa. 
M., 1862; pastor, Stroudsburg, Pa., 1863-65; New Hanover, Pa., 1865- 
66; unmarried; d. Feb., 1866. 


KECKLER, WILLIAM, b. nr. Wayesboro, Pa., Feb. 24, 1832; s. Valentine 
and Elizabeth K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1863; taught in schs. of Franklin Co., Pa., 
1862-84; m. Matilda Hepfer, who d. July 24, 1869; m. Susan Mentzer; 
he d. Sept. 11, 1884. 


KEEDY, REUBEN M., b. Rohersville, Md., Oct. 23, 1835; s. Daniel and 
Sophia K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. Md. Syn., 1863, 64 and not re- 
newed; tchg. several yrs.; practiced dentistry; m. Anna E. Roulette, 
Jan. 19, 1879; d. 1913. 


LECHLEIDER, ALEXANDER AUGUSTUS, b. Fred. Co., Md. Aug. 31, 
1835; s. Henry and Mary L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; engaged in tchg. 
and merchantile business; res. Hagerstown, Md.; m. Rebecca Herr, 
Aug. 16, 1861; children, Lillian May, Francis A., Martin L., Clarence, 
Leanore G.; she d. Jan. 20, 1908; he d. Sept. 16, 1898. 


MANN, LUTHER AMBROSE, b. nr. Lovettsville, Va. Aug. 14, 1834; s. 
John and Sarah (Compher) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1860; lic. S. W. 
Va. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1862; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1893; pastor, 
Marion, Va., 1861-68; Mt. Airy, Va., 1868-69; Burkittsville, Md., 1869- 
76; Middletown, Md., 1876-86; Mt. Jackson, Va., 1888-90; Mercersburg, 
Pa., 1890-97; Littlestown, Pa., 1897-03; Cumberland, Md., 1903-08; 
est. classical schs. at Chillowee and Mt. Airy, Va.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
Mary Ellen Householder, July 16, 1863; 6 children; d. Nov. 9, 1908. 


McATEE, JOHN Q., b. Waynesboro, Pa. Nov. 25, 1838; s. Thos. and 
Mary M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; ord. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1861; pastor, Lunenburg, N. S., 1861-66; Bedford, Pa., 1866-70; 
Pottsville, Pa., 1870-77; Red Hook, N. Y., 1877-79; Cumberland, Md., 
1879-83; Barren Hill, Pa., 1883-88; Phila., 1888-04; left ministry, 1907, 
and engaged in business; m. Louisa Craig, May 25, 1865; she d. Mar. 7, 
1868; m. Emma Hartley, May 19, 1869; children, Tessie G., John H., 
May M.; her res., Phila.; he d. Feb. 9, 1920. 


425 


1861 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


PFUHL, JOHN GEORGE, b. Treffurt, Saxony, Ger., Mar. 30, 1838; 
Muhlhauser Gym.; grad. U. of Halle, 1859; emigrated, 1860; grad. 
Gbe. Sem., 1862; lic. O. Jt. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1864; pastor, Steu- 
benville, O., 1862-76; St. Michael’s, Harrisburg, Pa., 1876-11; children, 
Miss S. A., Mrs. Albert Froelich, C. W., Paul W.; d. Jan. 28, 1911. 


RENNINGER, JOSIAH STAUFFER, b. Falkner Swamp, Pa., Mar. 7, 1838; 
s. Peter and Anna Maria (Stauffer) R.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1864; pastor, Derry, Pa., 1862-63; Ring- 
town, Pa., 1863-67; Schnecksville, Pa., 1867-88; St. Luke’s, Allentown, 
Pa., 1888-98; St. John’s, Berrysburg, Pa., 1899-09; Northampton 
Heights and Edgeboro, Pa., 1910-19; m. Mattie M. Kull, Sept. 29, 1864; 
children, Placidus M., Mrs. John A. Klinger, Daisie; d. Mar. 7, 1919. 


RICE, JOHN M., b. Sandy Hill, Pa. Feb. 22, 1839; s. George and Mag- 
dalena (Ickis) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. 
C. Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1864; pastor, Milroy, Pa., 1863-64; 
Wrightsville, Pa., 1866-67; Espy, Pa., 1867-70; Belleville, Pa., 1870- 
75; Williamsburg, Pa., 1876-82; St. Clairsville, Pa., 1882-92; Benders- 
ville, Pa., 1890-94; miss. to Africa, 1864-65; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Han- 
nah M. Ziegler, Sept. 16, 1862; children, John, Fred., Frank, Mrs. John 
Everler, Mrs. W. S. O’Donnald, Bertha, Mrs. Reynolds, Lillie; d. Dec. 
7, 1918. 


SCHLAGER, KARL. Grad. Gettysburg Sem., 1862; ord. Pa. M. 1862; 
pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 1862; retd. to Ger., 1863. 


SOMMER, WILLIAM MICHAEL KARL, b. Bautzen, Saxony, Ger., Mar. 
27, 1826; s. Peter and Eleonore (Uhlig) S.; Miss. Sch. Neuendettelsau, 
Bavaria, 1849-50; arrived N. Y., May 22, 1850; Ft. Wayne Sem., 1850- 
52; ord. Mo. Syn., 1852; pastor, Franklinville, Md., 1852-58, 1864-78; 
St. John’s, Phila., 1858-61 in Ger. 1861-64; m. Emilie Henrietta 
Fritzsche, Aug. 22, 1852; 13 children; d. Dec. 19, 1878. 


TRAUTMAN, LOUIS, b. in France, Oct. 8, 1838; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; 
ord. O. Jt. Syn., 1862; pastor, New Metamoras, Massillon, New Comers- 
town, O.; d. Mar. 22, 1865. 


1861 


BURKE, I. CALVERT, original name Burkhalter, b. Canada, 1844; s. 
John P. and Sarah E. B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1902; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Salona, Pa., 1864-65; 


426 


ALUMNI 1861 


Mahoning City, Pa., 1866-69; Lewisburg, Pa., 1869-75; Columbia, Pa., 
1875-77; 3rd, Balto., 1877-16; m. L. E. Burrell, Aug. 8, 1866; dau. Mrs. 
Saml. Bickel; she d. Aug. 10, 1884; he d. Jan. 29, 1916. 


GIESZ, HENRY, b. Angersbach, Hessia, Ger., July 9, 1825; s. John and 
Barbara (Schulin) G.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1863; 
ord. same, 1864; pastor, Milton, Pa. 1863-65; Palmyra, Pa., 1865-68; 
East Hanover, Pa., 1868-06; m. Isabella Wallace, Dec. 5, 1872; no chil- 
dren; she d. June 17, 1912; he d. Apr. 4, 1913. 


GOTWALD, WASHINGTON VAN BUREN, b. York Springs, Pa., Nov. 
10, 1836; s. Danl. and Susan (Krone) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Emmittsburg, Md., 1863- 
66; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1866-69; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1860-62; un- 
married; author, Jubilee Catechism, 1867; Hist. St. John’s, Lancaster, 
1867; d. June 9, 1869. 


GROH, LEONARD H., b. nr. Schafferstown, Pa., Aug. 18, 1833; s. Abra- 
ham and Sarah (Strickler) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1863; D.D., Sus. U., 1901; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Quakertown, Pa., 
1863-65; New Hanover, Pa., 1865-81; Boyertown, Pa., 1865-91; Lincoln, 
Neb., 1891-96; St. Mark’s, Omaha, Neb., 1896-17; trustee Muhlenberg 
Col., 1869-76; m. Martha Schryock Hicks, Apr. 4, 1870; children, Anna, 
John C., A. R.; she d. June 6, 1878; m. Hettie Hicks, Feb., 1880; he d. 
Oct. 24, 1919. 


HENTZ, JOHN PHILIP, b. Giessen, Ger., May 5, 1832; s. William and 
Catherine H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; lic. Al. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1864; 
pastor, Indiana, Pa., 1863-65; West Newton, Pa., 1865-66; Somerset, 
Pa., 1866-71; Adamsville, O., 1871-73; Germantown, O., 1873-86; Mil- 
lersburg, O., 1886-89; Avilla, Ind., 1889-92; Columbus, O., 1892-95; 
m. Cecelia A. Nicodemus, Feb. 18, 1863; author, Luth. Ch. in German- 
town, O., Hist. of Twin Valley, Holmes Co. Rebellion, First Luth. Set- 
tlements in Ohio; d. Aug. 23, 1915. 


HOLLOWAY, HENRY CLAY, b. Aaronsburg, Pa., Sept. 17, 1838; s. John 
B. and Margaret (Bender) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1863; D.D., Wit. Col. and Md. Col., 1887; pastor, Westminster, Md., 
1863-68; 1st, Cumberland, Md., 1868-79; Zion, Newville, Pa., 1879-84; 
St. Peter’s, Middletown, Pa., 1884-89; Grace, Pgh., 1889-91; Miffin- 
town, Pa., 1891-96; St. John’s, Bellefonte, Pa., 1897-05; ret. 1905, res. 
Harrisburg, Pa.; supplied Dauphin, Pa., 6 yrs.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
Salome F. Vandersloot, Oct. 6, 1863; children, Martin L., Harry D., 

427 


1861 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Emily G., Daisy C., Paul F.; she d. Sept. 5, 1888; m. Clara J. McClure, 
May 14, 1890; her res., Harrisburg; he d. May 5, 1924. 
{ 
HORINE, MAHLON CARLETON, b. Myersville, Md., July 14, 1838; s. 
John and Catherine H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; 
D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1892; lic. Md. Syn., 1863; ord. same, 1864; pas- 
tor, Smithsburg, Md., 1865-69; Dayton, O., 1869-70; Zanesville, O.., 
1870-73; Danville, Pa., 1873-81; St. Jas., Reading, Pa., 1881-09; Trin- 
ity, Manoa, Phila. 1913-17; trustee Muhlenberg Col.; dir. Mt. Airy 
Sem., 1891-09; pres. Pa. M., 1904-07; member many bds. and coms. 
G. C.; m. Emma F. Winebrenner, May 16, 1866; children, Paul C., 
John W., Harriet; she d. June 28, 1912; author, Reflections on the 
Book of Ruth, 1892: Hist. of St. Jas. Ch., Reading, 1900; d. May 
16, 1917. 


KINSEL, D. W., f. Salem Station, O.; Wit. Col.; lic. Ky. Syn., 1858; 
ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1863; pastor, Nelson Co., Ky., 1858-60; Duncannon, 
Pa., 1863-64; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1864-65; deposed by C. Pa. Syn., 
1865; d. Feb., 1870. 


KUSS, ADAM C., b. Wisek, Prussia, Nov. 14, 1833; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Stonebridge, Can., 1863-69; Town 
Line, N. Y., 1869-75; Gardenville, N. Y., 1878-89; Northbridge, N. Y., 
1889-98; supt. orphanage at Sulphur Springs, N. Y., 1875-78; d. July 
24, 1903. 


LEMCKE, HANS JOACHIM HINRICH, b. Sagan, Holstein, Ger., Jan. 20, 
1834; s. Marx D. and Anna C. L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Worthington, Pa., 1863-66; West 
Newton, Pa., 1866-77; Elizabethtown, Pa., 1877-81; St. Jacobus, Al- 
toona, Pa., 1881-91; Franklin, Pa., 1892-96; prof. Middleburg, Va., 
Acad., 1860-61; prof. Geneva Col. and Rochester, Pa., H. S., 1891-92; 
teaching, 1896-1900; m. Susan Catherine Williamson, Sept. 3, 1863; 
children, Eliza, Lulie M. R., Carrie L. D., Frank E. H., Wilfred L., 
Ruth E.; she d. Feb. 27, 1899; he d. Dec. 28, 1900. 


REIFF, HERMAN, grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor 
White Haven, Pa., 1863-c65; Norristown, Pa., cl1865-66; suspended by 
Pa. M., 1866. 


SCHIMPFF, MATTHIAS, b. Baden, Ger., Nov. 17, 1837; emigrated c1859; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa, M., 1863; pastor, Verona, N. Y., 1863- 
67; Mahoning City, Pa., 1867-c78; Palmyra, Pa., c1878-80; Immanuel, 
Frankford, Pa., 1880-96; d. Jan. 13, 1896. 


428 


ALUMNI 1862 


THOMPSON, ABEL N., b. Glades, Md., Apr. 8, 1834; s. Lewis and Eliza- 
beth T.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; lic. Md. Syn., 
1863; ord. Ky. Syn., 1864; pastor, Jeffersontown, Ky., 1864-69; New 
Millport, Pa., 1869-74; Schellsburg, Pa., 1874-76; m. Margaret E. 
Ecker, Dec. 6, 1864; 1 dau.; she d. Oct. 12, 1868; m. Jennie M. Walker, 
Nov. 15, 1871; 1 dau.; he d. July 5, 1881. 


WEIDENSALL, ROBERT, b. Hollidaysburg, Pa., Apr. 20, 1836; s. Jacob 
and Nancy F. W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; Gbg. Sem., 1861; LL.D., 
Gbe. Col., 1912; tchg., Middletown, Pa., 1861-63; Const. Corps U. S. 
Mil. R. R., 1863-64; carpenter, Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1864-66; supt. car 
shops U. P. R. R., Omaha, Neb., 1866-68; Int. Sec. Y. M. C. A., 1868- 
1918; father of Col. Y. M. C. A.’s; unmarried; d. Sept. 13, 1922. 


WHETSTONE, AMOS MOSER, b. near Tamaqua, Pa., Feb. 15, 1838; Gbg. 
Col., 1857-61; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Mer- 
cersburg, Pa., 1863-71; Trinity, Somerset, Pa., 1872-82; Millersville, 
Pa., 1882-86; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1886-90; St. Jas., Gloversville, N. Y. 
1890-94; dir. Gbg. Sem.; unmarried; d. Mar. 28, 1894. 


WILLIAMS, JOHN R., b. Mechanicsburg, Pa., Jan. 29, 1835; s. John T. 
and Rebecca W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; lic. C. 
Pa. Syn., 1863; ord. Al. Syn., 1865; pastor, Blairsville, Pa., 1864-69; 
Shamokin, Pa., 1869-72; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1872-75; Hagerstown, Pa., 
1875-84; Phila., 1884-88; Juniata, Pa., 1888-90; Uniontown, Pa., 1891-94; 
Chicora, Pa., 1894-97; m. Annie F. Alter, Jan. 5, 1865; 4 children; d. 
Feb. 7, 1897. 

1862 


BENZE, ADOLPH LEOPOLD, b. Thorn, Prussia, Sept. 18, 1833; emi- 
grated, c1855; Gbe. Col., 1860-62; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; ord. Pa. M., 
1864; pastor, Warren, Pa., 1864-72; Erie, Pa., 1872-91; m. Elizabeth 
C. Kiehl, Sept. 8, 1864; 7 children; author, Pilgerlieder, 1892; d. 
Jan. 18, 1891. 


CROLL, JOHN W., b. York, Pa., Jan. 4, 1838; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; d. 
Dec. 7, 1862. 


CULLER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Jefferson, Md., Oct. 13, 1839; s. Danl. 
and Ann M. (Hargett) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1864; D.D., Sus. U., 1906; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1864; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 
1865; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1865-67; Williamsport, Md., 1867-69; 
Martinsburg, W. Va., 1869-81; Mercersburg, Pa., 1881-90; Apollo, Pa., 
1890-97; Bedford, Pa., 1897-1910; supply, Phila., 1910-13; dir. Gbg 
Sem.; trustee Sus. U., 1900-10; member Christian Commission, 1864: 

429 


1862 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


author, Hist. Luth. Ch., Martinsburg, W. Va., 1876; Hist. Luth. Chs. 
of Middletown Valley, Md., 1899; m. Mary Jane Floyd, Oct. 26, 1865; 
children, Pauline C., Nellie F., Danl. F., Robt. M., Vida L.; she d. Jan. 
3, 1913; d. Aug. 10, 1925. 


EBELING, ALBERT, b. Hanover, Ger., Feb. 12, 1839; s. Henry A. and 
M. E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; lic. Md. Syn., 1863; ord. same, 1864; no 
pastorate; clerk in Quartermaster’s Dept., U. S. A., Washn.; unmar- 
ried; d: Feb. 22, 1865. 


KELLER, JACOB B., b. nr. Hummelstown, Pa., Jan. 2, 1837; s. Sebastian 
and Fannie K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1865; pastor, Shamokin, Pa., 1864-69; Watson- 
town, Pa., 1869-70; Bedford, Pa., 1871-74; Williamsport, Md., 1874-86; 
St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1886-88; Smithsburg, Md., 1888-96; supplied 
Minersville, Pa., 1898-99; St. Mark’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1903, 06, and 
Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1903; m. Martha S. Weaver, Sept. 27, 1865; 2 
children; d. May 13, 1918. 


KERR, JOSEPH J., b. nr. Dillsburg, Pa., Jan. 1, 1835; member Co. F., 
163rd Ohio Vols., c1862-64; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1866; 
pastor, Millerstown, Pa., 1864-67; Huntingdon, Pa., 1867-72; Myers- 
ville, Md., 1872-75; Duncannon, Pa., 1875-79; Wilmore, Pa., 1879-81; 
Altoona, Pa., 1881-89; Brookville, Pa., 1889-94; Newville, Pa., 1894-14; 
m. Kate A. Smith, Dec. 25, 1866; children, Homer, Mrs. W. H. 
Slaughenhaupt; d. Oct. 26, 1914. 


KLINEFELTER, FREDERICK, b. York, Pa. Sept. 26, 1836; s. Adam 
and Sarah E. (Doudel) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1864; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, St. Peter’s, Phila., 1864-67; Tre- 
mont, Pa., 1867-72; Greencastle, Pa., 1872-95; Lionville, Pa., 1895-99; 
private 16th Pa. Vols., 1861; capt. Co. A (College Co.), 26th Pa. 
Militia, 1863; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Anna E. Wilson, Sept. 4, 1866; dau. 
Mrs. Willis S. Lewis; she d. 1884; m. Clara Wunderlich; hed. July 
28, 1903. 


McLAUGHLIN, ALEXANDER, b. Letterkenny, Ireland, Nov. 22, 1834; s. 
Chas. and Barbara (Bovard) M.; arrived Phila., July 3, 1850; Gbg. 
Col., 1857-62; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, 
Wrightsville, Pa., 1864-66; Washingtonville, O., 1866-68; N. Zion., 
Surgeon Hall, P. O., 1872-74; White Pigeon, Mich., 1874-78; Three 
Rivers, Mich., 1878-84; Sherwood, Ont., Zion’s, Vaughn Twp., 1884-92; 
Sardis, Pa., 1892-97; Trinity, Tarentum, Pa., 1897-1900; Goshen, Ind., 
1900-03; Millersburg, Ind., 1903-06; Dongola, Ill., 1906-09; Pearl City, 


430 


ALUMNI 1863 


Ill., 1909-11; supt. Assn. for Care of Discharged Prisoners, Alle. Co., 
Pa., 1868-72; del. to World’s S. S. Conv., London, 1889; m. Emma 
Sarah Fox., Nov. 5, 1868; her. res., South Bend, Ind.; children, Chas. 
P., Elizabeth, Marjorie, Catharine, Ed. E.; he d. Sept. 7, 1912. 


SARVER, JONATHAN, b. Greensburg, Pa. Nov. 2, 1837; s. John and 
Anna M. (Kepple) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; 
D.D,. N. C. Col., 1898; lic. Pb. Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1865; pastor, 
Zelienople, Pa., 1864-66; Leechburg, Pa., 1866-83; Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 
1883-87; Hazelton, Kas., 1887-88; Jewett, O., 1888-92; Beaver Falls, 
Pa., 1892-94; N. S. Pgh., Pa., 1894-95; New Stanton Pa., 1895-1900; 
Saegertown, Pa., 1900-07; Derry, Pa., 1907-13; trustee Thiel Col.; m. 
Jennie B. Welty, Nov. 8, 1864; children, Welty, Chas., Harry B., Wm.; 
she d. July 26, 1893; m. Louise Drieherstef, Oct. 17, 1894; he d. Jan. 
24, 1922. 


SHINDLE, HENRY CLAY, b. Lancaster, Pa., Dec. 10, 1838; s. Geo. and 
Mary A. (Snyder) S.; Gbg. Col., 1858-62; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; 
A.M., Gbg. Col., 1868; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, Minersville, Pa., 
1864-68; Port Royal, Pa., 1868-83; New Chester, Pa., 1883-95; Phila., 
Pa., 1895-06; Reading, Pa., 1906-11; rt., 1911; sgt. Co. A, 26th Pa. Mil., 
1863; m. Jane Emily Levering, June 16, 1864; children, Luther, Harry, 
Geo., Clara, Marie, Frank; res. Narberth, Pa. 


1863 


COLVER, MICHAEL, b. Armstrong Co., Pa., Mar. 18, 1836; s. William 
and Sarah (Schall) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1865; 
lic. Pb. Syn., 1865; ord. Al. Syn., 1867; pastor, Cookport Chge., In- 
diana Co., Pa., 1865-68; Apollo, Pa., 1868-76; Newport, Pa., 1876-81; 
Blairsville, Pa., 1881-89; Lena, IIl., 1889-93; Galion, O., 1893-97; Lis- 
bon, Ia., 1897-99; Lanark, Ill, 1899-02; Middletown, Ind., 1902-06; 
Orangeville, Ill., 1906-14; m. R. Emma Wood, Apr. 18, 1867; 5 children, 
2 surviving sons: Edsall, Harry; she d. Dec. 13, 1913; he d. Apr. 3, 1913. 


CORNMAN, WILLIAM OLIVER, b. Carlisle, Pa., Feb. 1, 1841; s. Jona- 
than and Anna M. (Embich) C.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1862; grad. Mt. 
Airy Sem., 1866; ord. Pa. M., 1866; pastor, Trinity, Danville, Pa., 1867- 
68; Lunenburg, N. S., 1868-69; Grace, Phillipsburg, N. J., 1872-73; prin. 
Eclectic Acad., Phillipsburg, N. J., 1879-81; pvt. Co. A, 130th Pa. Vol., 
1862-63, wounded at Fredericksburg; m. Mary A. Monzer, June 20, 
1867; 6 children; m. Mrs. Sarah C. Fix, 1905; d. Oct. 24, 1910. 


DIZINGER, JOHN CHRISTIAN, b. Ger., Jan. 14, 1838; s. Daniel and 
Christine D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Mt. Airy Sem., 1865; ord. 


431 


1863 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Pa. M., 1865; pastor, Trinity, Camden, N. J., 1869-93; St. Paul’s, 
Hainesport, N. J., 1893-03; corp. Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th Pa. Militia, 
1863; unmarried; d. Jan. 19, 1903. 


FAIR, F. ADAM, b. nr. Manchester, Md., Dec. 15, 1837; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1863; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, Hazleton, Pa., 1864-65; Reneeornt 
d. Aug. 8, 1865. 


FREY, WILLIAM AUGUST, b. Kandern, Hesse, Ger., Feb. 3, 1836; grad. 
Karlsruhe Teachers’ Sem.; taught 4 yrs. in Ger.; emigrated, 1861; 
teaching, Balto., 1861-63; lic. Md. Syn., 1864; ord. Mo. Syn.; pastor, 
Washn., D. C., 1864-c66; Rockville, Conn., 1870-75; St. Matt., Albany, 
N. Y., 1875-10; d. Mar. 6, 1911. 


HOOVER, FRANCIS TROUT, b. Wernersville, Pa., Dec. 21, 1841; A.B., 
Ursinus Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1865; ord. Pa., M., 1865; pastor, St. 
John’s, Reading, Pa., 1865-66; Frederick, Pa., 1866-68; Bainbridge, Pa., 
1868-70; Hebron, Leechburg, Pa., 1870-80; Greenwich, N. J., 1880-83; 
West Sandlake, N. Y., 1883-89; entered Cong. Ch., 1889, and served 
Gasport, Rushville and Cambria, N. Y.; prin. Frederick Lit. Inst., 
1866-68 ; m. Jane Ann Hedley, May 10, 1865; 8 children; d. June 7, 1921. 


KISTLER, ANDREW TRESSLER, b. Loysville, Pa., Jan. 26, 1837; s. John 
and, Salome (Tressler) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; few months in Gbg. 
Sem.; not lic.; member Co. B, 77th Pa. Vol. Inf., 1865; taught sch. and 
farmed in Pa., Md., Kas., Mo.; unmarried; d. Mar. 25, 1918. 


KITZMILLER, JOHN HENRY ACQUILA, b. nr. Hagerstown, Md., July 
8, 1833; s. Wm. H. and Catherine K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; stud. 
theo. private and Gbg. Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1865; pas- 
tor, Wellersburg, Pa., 1865-69; Schellsburg, Pa., 1869-71; Freeport, Pa., 
1871-78; Kittanning, Pa., 1882-89; m. Julia M. Wingert, Nov. 20, 1866; 
no children; d. May 17, 1915. 


RICHARDS, MATTHIAS HENRY, b. Germantown, Pa., June 17, 1841; 
s. John W. and Andora (Garber) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; stud. theo. 
private; grad. Ghg. Sem., 1864; ord. Pa. M., 1864; pastor, So. Easton, 
Pa., 1864-65; Greenwich, N. J., 1866-68; Indianapolis, Ind., 1874-76; 
Trinity, Catasauqua, Pa., 1879-82; prof. Muhlenberg Col., 1868-74, 1876- 
98; tutor Gbg. Col., 1862-63; member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th Pa. 
Militia,, 1863; dir. Allentown, Pa., Pub. Schs., 1879-98; asst. ed. Luth., 
1884-98; asst. ed. Ch. Messenger until 1896; author, Ger. Emigration 
from New York Province into Pa., vol. 9 Pa. Ger. Soc. Proc.; m. Sallie 


432 


ALUMNI 1863 


Maginley McClean, June 14, 1866; children, John W., Mary, Dora, 
Adelaide, Rosa; she d. 1920; he d. Dec. 12, 1898. 


REMENSNYDER, JUNIUS BENJAMIN, b. Staunton, W. Va., Feb. 24, 
1841; s. John J. and Susan A. (Bryan) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; 
member Co. B, 131st rgt., Pa. Vol., 1862-63, battles, Antietam, Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville; Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1865; D.D., Newberry 
Col., 1880; LL.D., N. Y. U., 1890; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1865; ord. same, 
1866; pastor, Lewistown, Pa., 1865-67; Phila., 1867-74; Savannah, Ga., 
1874-80; St. Jas., N. Y. City, 1881-1924; member numerous bds. and 
coms.; pres. Peace Commission Fed. Council Chs., 1906; pres. G. S., 
1911-13; pres. Sigma Chi clerical circle of N. Y. City, 1904- ; trustee, 
Church Peace Union, 1914- ; member World. Conf. of Episcopal Ch. 
on Faith and Order, 1900- ; enrolled in N. Y. City records, 1922, as 
one of city’s eminent men; co-ed. Christian Herald; author, Heaven- 
ward, 1874: Doom Eternal, 1880: The Six Creative Days, 1886: The 
Lutheran Manual, 1893: The Atonement and Modern Thought, 1905: 
The Post Apostolic Age and Current Religious Problems, 1909: What 
the World Owes Luther, 1917: History of Lutheranism in America, lec- 
tures at U. of Upsala, 1918: Mysticism, 1918: The Problem of Life, 
1918; m. Emma Louise Wagner, June 28, 1870; children, Ralph J., 
Mabel L.; ret. res. N. Y. City. 


SMITH, JACOB LAWSON, b. Middletown Valley, Md. Mar. 3, 1836; s. 
Jacob and Rebecca (Horine) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Mt. 
Airy Sem., 1865; D.D., N. C. and Gbg. Cols., 1894; ord. Pa. M., 1865; 
pastor Ist. Eng., Erie, Pa., 1865-71; Vandalia, Ill., 1871-72; Alliance, 
O., 1872-82; Ligonier, Pa., 1882-92; Christ Ch, Pgh. Pa., 1892-06, 
dir. Zelienople Orphans’ Home; ed. and pub. Hentz’s Hist. of the Luth. 
Version of the Bible, 1910; m. Caroline Elizabeth Watson, Apr. 22, 1869- 
children, Elizabeth R., Lewis W., Ralph, Stella G.; Mabel V.; she d. 
May 1, 1924; he d. June 21, 1913. 


SPIEKER, GEORGE FREDERICK, b. Elk Ridge Landing, Md., Nov. 17, 
1844; s. Herman H. and Margaret E. (Dorges) S.; grad. Balto. City 
Col., 1863; Gbg. Sem., 1863-64; act. prof. Gbg. Col., 1864-66; grad. 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1867; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1887; LL.D., Thiel Col., 
1911; ord. Pa. M., 1867; pastor, Kutztown, Pa., 1867-83; St. Michael’s, 
Allentown, Pa., 1883-94; prof., Keystone State Nor. Sch., 1867-68; 
prof., Muhlenberg Col., 1887-94; prof., Mt. Airy Sem., 1894-13; dir., 
Muhlenberg Col.; co-ed. Ch. Messenger, Luth. Ch. Rev., 1883-85; Doc- 
umentary Hist. Pa. M., 1898; co-tr. Hutter’s Compend of Theo., 1868; 
tr. Wildenhahn’s Life of Luther, 1882; author, Commentary on II Cor, 


433 


1864 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1897; m. Hannah Hoch, Oct. 12, 1869; children, Chas. G., Fred. W., 
Geo. H., Margaret; d. Sept. 7, 1913. 


STECK, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, b. Hughesville, Pa, Aug. 4, 
1838; s. John and Sarah S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1865; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1865; ord. same, 1866; pastor, Columbia, Pa., 
1865-70; Kansas City, Mo., 1870-74; Ardmore, Pa., 1874-90; Coates- 
ville, Pa., 1890-02; member 14th. Pa. Militia, 1862, and Co. A (Col. 
Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; unmarried; d. Apr. 20, 1903. 


WOLF, EDMUND JACOB. See Faculty, page 320. 


1864 


FLECKENSTEIN, EMELIUS JULIUS, b. Wickenrode, Hesse, Ger., Feb. 
2, 1836; emigrated, 1847; Gbg. Col., 1856-61; Gbg. Sem., 1864-65; grad. 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1866; ord. Pa. M., 1866; pastorates, Somneytown, Pa., 
North East, Pa. (subsequently in Mo. Syn.), Providence, R. L, Alex- 
andria, Va., Accident, Md., Whitehall, Pa., Blenheim, Md., Saratoga 
Springs, N. Y.; 8 children; d. July 30, 1910. 


FRANCIS, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS KOCH, b. Amityville, Pa. Apr. 14, 
1837; s. Saml. and Catherine F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; Union Sem.; 
entered, Gbg. Sem., Jan. 19, 1864, senior; D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1906; 
ord. Pa. M., 1864; pastor, Trinity, Phila., 1861-66, 1867-14, and emeritus 
until ’21; York Springs, Pa., 1866-67; m. Mrs. Margaret A. (Getty) 
Wemmer, Jan. 17, 1866; children, Elizabeth, Martha; d. Mar. 22, 1921. 


JACOBS, HENRY EYSTER, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Nov. 10, 1844; s. Michael 
and Julianna M. (Eyster) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1865; D.D., Thiel Col., 1877; LL.D., same, 1890; S. T. D., Muhlenberg 
Col., 1913; lic. Pb. Syn., 1866; ord. Pb. C. Syn., 1868; pastor, Spring- 
dale, Pa., 1867-68; Monaca, Pa., 1868-70; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1864-65; 
prof., Gbg. Col., 1870-83; prof., Mt. Airy Sem., 1883- ; sec. faculty, 
1884-94; dean, 1894-1921; pres. 1921- ; principal, Thiel Hall (Col.), 
1868-70; ed. Luth. Ch. Rev., 1883-95; ed. writer Luth., 1883-95; co-ed. 
The Workman; member Christian Commission, 1864; author numerous 
works, see principal list in Luth. Sem. (Phila.) Record; member nu- 
merous bds. and coms.; m. Laura H. Downing, July 3, 1872; children, 
E. Anna, Chas. M., Henry D., Laura W., Marguerite E.; res. Phila. 


KUHN, DAVID AUGUSTUS, b. Thurmont, Md., Nov. 25, 1837; s. Joseph 
and Sarah K.; grad. Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1866; lic. Mel. Syn, 
1866; ord. same, 1867; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1866-68; Nevada, 


434 


ALUMNI 1865 


O., 1868-77; Wapakoneta, O., 1877-81; Edinburg, Ind., 1881-89; Cicero, 
Ind., 1889-91; N. Manchester, Ind., 1891-96; Middlebury, Ind., 1896- 
1900; Monroeville, Ind., 1902-05; Corunna, Ind., 1906-10; m. Catherine 
Wattles, May 29, 1867; present res. N. Manchester, Ind.; 4 children; 
d. Feb. 5, 1913. 


PRITCHARD, THOMAS CHARLES, b. in England, Sept. 25, 1840; s. 
Wm. and Leah P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1864; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1866; ord. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1866; pastor, Port Royal, Pa., 1866-68; Mechanicsburg, 
Pa., 1868-71; Barren Hill, Pa., 1871-83; Phillipsburg, N. J., 1883-10; 
member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; member bd. pub. 
G. S.; dir. pub. schs., Montgomery Co., Pa., 1877-79; dir. pub. schs., 
Warren Co., N. J.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Lydia J. Swope, June 23, 1866; 
she d. July, 1911; he d. June 8, 1910. 


YEISER, ALFRED, b. Lebanon Co., Pa., Sept. 18, 1841; Gbg. Col., 1859- 
63; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1866; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1866; pastor, Schuylkill 
Haven, Pa., 1866-76; m. Mary C. Deibert, May 7, 1868; 2 children; 
d. Feb. 29, 1876. 


1865 


BOYER, MATTHEW GARNER, b. Marklesburg, Pa., Mar. 10, 1839; s. 
Henry and Susan (Garner) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1865; Gbg. Sem., 1865- 
66; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1894; lic. Al. Syn., 1866; ord. Kan. Syn., 1869; 
pastor, Marklesburg, Pa., 1866-68, 1875-96; Atchinson, Kas., 1868-71; 
Newry, Pa., 1871-75; W. Sandlake, N. Y., 1896-01; New Haven, Conn., 
1901-03; supply, Phila., 1903-12; ret., 1912; advisory pastor, Unity, 
Chicago, 1912- ; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; dir., Gbg. Sem.; 
laid cornerstone of new Sem. bldg.; trustee, Gbg. Col., 18 yrs.; mem- 
ber Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Mil., 1863; m. Martha Logan Stauffer, 
Oct. 20, 1866; children, Henry S., Chas. H., Merle S., Mary S., John 
B., 2 d. infancy; she d. Oct. 11, 1924; res, Chgo. 


FREDERICK, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Shrewsbury, Pa. Apr. 4, 
1837; s. Peter and Anna Mary (Kramer) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; 
member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia on staff of Gen. Couch, 
1863; prin. pub. schs. Gbg., 1863-64; raised a co. of vols. and commis- 
sioned 2nd. It. Co. G, 209th. Pa. Vol., Sept. 1, 1864, Ist. It. Sept. 2, 
capt., Sept. 8, It. col., Sept. 17, and brevet col. of N. Y. Vols., Apr. 2, 
1865, for gallantry in action at Fts. Stedman and Sedgwick, Va.; de- 
tailed for duty in trial of conspirators and assassins of Pres. Lincoln; 
Gbg. Sem., 1865-66; lic. Pb. Syn., 1866; ord. Pb. C. Syn., 1868; pastor, 
Zelienople, Pa., 1866-67; Christ Ch., Chestnut Hill, Phila., 1867-72; 
mgr. Luth. Book Store, Phila., 1872-98; pub. books and papers of G. C., 


435 


1865 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1872-98; m. Lavina Anna Culp, Jan. 18, 1865; m. Rebecca C. Hinkle 
Apr. 27, 1871; children, Mrs. A. M. Leibensperger, Mrs. M. B. 
Schmoyer, 1 d. infancy; d. Apr. 10, 1904. 


GRIFFITH, JOSEPH G., b. Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 11, 1839; Gbg. Col., 1863- 
65; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1867; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. Sus. Syn., 1868; 
pastor, Williamsport, Pa., 1867-73, 1899-03; Clermont, N. Y., 1873-75; 
Chatham, N. Y., 1875-76; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1876-81; Oriole, Pa., 1882- 
84; Ramsey, N. J., 1884-86; Auburn, Neb., 1886-90; St. Mark’s, Omaha, 
Neb., 1890-92; Lawrence, Kas., 1893-97; Montoursville, Pa., 1897-c99; 
trustee, Midland Col., 1887-97; member Co. D, 31st. Pa. Militia, 1863; 
D.D., Midland Col., 1904; m. Clara M. Lewars, Feb. 1, 1872; no chil- 
dren; d. Dec. 11, 1907. 


HYMAN, SAMUEL B., b. Amherst Co., Va., July 11, 1840; Roanoke Col.; 
enlisted in Army of Va., Apr., 1861, captured about Nov., 1863, took 
oath of allegiance, Mar. 28, 1864; stud. theo. with J. G. Butler, 1864-65; 
Gbg. Sem., 1865-66; lic. O. B. Syn., 1866; ord. same, 1867; pastor, Nel- 
son and Bullitt Cos., Ky., 1866-69; Camden, Ind., 1869-70; Boone Co., 
Ky., 1870; to M. E. Ch. South and served Warsaw, Ky., 1870; retd. 
to Luth. Ch., 1870, and served Lisbon, Ia., Jeffersontown, Ky., Oregon, 
Ill., Lyons Sta., Ind., Springfield, O., Lawrence and Leavenworth, Kas.; 
dismissed by Kas. Syn., Sept. 7, 1889, to W. Wisc. conf. M. E. Ch.; 
in Ark., 1901. 


KOLLER, JESSE C., b. Glen Rock, Pa., Oct. 24, 1839; s. Henry and 
Anna M. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1865; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1867; D.D., Gbg. 
Col., 1886; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. same, 1868; pastor, Glen Rock, 
Pa., 1867-77; St. Matt., Hanover, Pa., 1877-06; corp. Co. A (Col. Co.), 
26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; dir. Gbg. Sem.; member bds. Home Miss. and 
pub. G. S.; m. Alice G. Heathcote, June 1, 1869; d. Apr. 15, 1907. 


McKNIGHT, HARVEY WASHINGTON, b. McKnightstown, Pa., Apr. 3, 
1843; s. Thos. and Margaret F. McK.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1865; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1867; D.D., Monmouth Col., 1883; LL.D., Lafayette Col., 
1889; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. same, 1868; pastor, Newville, Pa., 
1867-70; St. Paul’s, Easton, Pa., 1872-80; Ist. Eng., Cincinnati, O., 1880- 
84; Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 1884; Ist. sgt. and 2nd. It. Co. B, 138th. 
Pa. Vol., 1862; Adj. Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; capt. 
Co. D, 210th. Pa. Vol., 1864-65; pres. Gbg. Col., 1884-04; act. prof., 
Gbg. Col., 1904-06; dir. Gbg. Col., f. 1878; dir. Wit. Col., 1882-84; pres., 
G. S., 1889-91; co-founder Pa. Chautauqua, Mt. Gretna, Pa.; dir. Gbg. 
Battlefield Mem. Assn., 1888-95; vice pres., Ev. Alliance of U. S.; mem- 


436 


ALUMNI 1866 


ber numerous socs.; dir. W. Md. R. R., 1894-05; m. Mary K. Welty, 
Noy. 12, 1867; children, Mrs. Luther DeYoe, Mrs. Luther S. Black; d. 
May 29, 1914. 


NEFF, ISAAC P., b. Penn’s Valley, Pa. Jan. 24, 1833; s. John and 
Catherine N.; M.D., Jefferson Med. Col., 1859; practiced med., Penns 
Valley, Pa., 1859-65; Gbg. Sem., 1865-67; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. 
Sus. Syn., 1868; pastor, Liberty Chge., Tioga Co., Pa., 1868-73; Mon- 
toursville, Pa., 1873-79; Minersville, Pa., 1880-81; Shenandoah, Pa., 
1881-83, 1894-95; Blain, Pa., 1883-91; Middleburg, Pa., 1891-94; Mil- 
roy, Pa., 1895-98; Knoxdale, Pa., 1898-02; Ist. wife, Mary Jane, d. 
Jan. 26, 1893; 3 children; m. Anna Linda Swartzell, June 15, 1899; he 
d) Oct. 25.) 1921. 

1866 


BILLHEIMER, THOMAS CHARLES. See Faculty, page 328. 


COOK, HERMAN SIDNEY, b. Altenwald, Pa., July 16, 1845; s. Adam 
and Eleanor (Harmony) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1866; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1869; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1868; ord. Wit. Syn., 1869; pastor, Newton, Ia., 
1869-76; Lionville, Pa., 1877-82; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1882-88; 
Waynesboro, Pa., 1888-99; St. Paul’s, Hanover, Pa., 1899-04; miss. 
work, Phila., Pa., 1904-08; Ambler, Pa., 1908-22; rt., 1922; member bd. 
publication, G. S.; member Co. A, 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; m. Celia 
Failor, Apr. 20, 1871; children, Elizabeth E., Mary L., Ernest F.; res. 
Wilmington, Del. 


GROSSMAN, HENRY CLAY, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Aug. 19, 1833; Gbg. Col., 
1859-62; sgt. maj. and Ist. It. cmdg. Co. B, 138th. Pa. Vol., 1862-65; 
wounded, left arm, Battle of the Wilderness; Gbg. Sem., 1866-67; A.M., 
Gbg. Col., 1890; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1868; pastor- 
ates numerous, largely miss. work in Pa. D. C., Mich., Ind., Ill, O., 
Ala., S. C.; trustee, Carthage Col.; ed. Temperance Leader and At- 
talla, Ala., Mirror; m. Mary Agnes Maize, Jan. 19, 1865; 2 children; 
she d. Sept. 21, 1868; m. Ella Woellner, June 16, 1880; he d. Apr. 
11, 1916. . 


HEDGES, SHADRACH ABRAM, b. nr. Middletown, Md., Oct. 31, 1835; 
s. Shadrach and Mary M. (Miller) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; prin., 
Middletown, Md., Acad., 1863-66; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1869; ord. Md. Syn., 
1868; pastor, New Bloomfield, Pa., 1869-72; York Springs, Pa., 1872- 
77; Utica, Md., 1877-83; St. Paul’s, Newville, Pa., 1883-86; Jefferson, 
Md., 1886-1900; Pleasant Hill, Md., 1902-25; rt. 1900, res. Middletown, 
Md.; m. Mary Elizabeth Hill, May 20, 1868; children, Stella H., Frank 
H.; she d. Mar., 1902; he died Oct. 25, 1925. 


437 


1867 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HEILIG, CHARLES ADOLPHUS, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Mar. 7, 1845; s. 
Wm. M. and Mary B. (Carl) H.; A:B., Gbg. Col., 1864; member signal 
corps, U. S. A., 1864; clerk in Mercantile Lib., Balto., and pursuing 
studies under dir. of faculty, 1866-67; not lic.; unmarried; d. Garacas, 
Venezuela, May 30, 1870. 


HESSON, ANDREW JACKSON, b. Adams Co., Pa., Jan. 24, 1839; s. Wm. 
and Catharine (Aahn) H.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1865; Gbg. Sem., 1866-67; 
lic. Mia. Syn., 1867; pastor, Topeka, Kas., 1867-71; Mercersburg, 1871- 
79; Peabody, Kas., 1880-83; Atchison, Kas., 1884-86; Chicago, Ill, 1902- 
08; farming, 1886-02; rt., 1908; m. Mary A. Mentger, Mar. 9, 1871; 
children, Wm., Chas., Frank, John, Luther, Mary; res. Chgo., Ill. 


SETTLEMEYER, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Wilmore, Pa., Mar. 8, 1838; s. 
Geo. and Susannah (Shinefelt) S.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1866; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1869; lic. Al. Syn., 1869; ord. same, 1870; pastor N. Liberty, Ia., 
1870-73; Wilmore, Pa., 1874-78; Jefferson, Md., 1878-86; Staunton, Va., 
1886-88 ; Rockwood, Pa., 1888-93; Friend’s Cove, Pa., 1893-96; Idaville, 
Pa., 1896-99; ret., 1899; m. Margaret Beckwith, Sept. 27, 1876; no 
children; she d. Sept. 20, 1922; he d. Jan. 16, 1925. 


STAUFFER, SAMUEL S., b. Hollidaysburg, Pa., Nov. 17, 1842; s. Jona- 
than and Mary M. S.; Gbg. Col., 1860-62, 1863-66; member Bat. C, Ist. 
reserves Lt. Art., 1862-63; lic. Al. Syn., 1867; ord. same, 1869; pas- 
tor, Luthersburg, Pa., 1867-69; Sunbury, Pa., 1869-73; Licking, Pa., 
1873-75; Piedmont, W. Va., 1875-77; Jenners Chge., Somerset Co., Pa., 
1877-82; Donegal, Pa., 1882-89; Fayette Co., Pa., 1889-01; Unionville, 
Ont., 1901-05; Hampstead, Md., 1906-08; Accident, Md., 1908-10; m. 
E. A. Wick and later Edith M. Morrison; children, Edgar H., John M., 
Wm., Mary A., 3 d.; d. Mar. 13, 1922. 


1867 


WAAGE, OSWIN F., b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 4, 1845; s. Fred. and 
Angela (Garber) W.; stud. with Rev. Mr. Horne; Gbg. Sem., 1866-68; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1868; asst. and pastor, Red Hill, Pa., 1868-18, and 
emeritus until 1919; m. Hannah Young, June 19, 1869; s. Fred C.; d. 
Aug. 7, 1919. 


BIKLE, PHILIP MELANCHTHON, b. Smithsburg, Md., Dec. 1, 1844; s. 
Christian and Barbara (Fichte) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1866; prof., York 
Co. Acad., 1866-67; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1869; ord. N. C. Syn., 1869; prof., 
N. C. Col., 1869-70; vice-prin., Luthersville Female Sem., 1870-73; stud. 
Dartmouth Col., 1873-74; prof., Gbg. Col., 1874-24, and emeritus prof., 


438 


ALUMNI 1868 


1924- ; dean, Gbg. Col., 1889-24; assoc. ed. Luth. Quarterly, 1880-92, 
and ed. same, 1892-1907; founder & ed. Pa. Col. Monthly, 1877-94; Mem. 
Am. Philo, Assn.; Ph.D., Roanoke Col., 1884; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1914; m. 
Annie M. Wattles, Dec. 28, 1868; s. Horace, W.; she d. July 8, 1872; 
m. Emma J. Wolf, Jan. 2, 1877; children, Henry W., Paul H., Philip 
R.; she d. Nov. 27, 1918; res. Gbg. 


CARNELL, SIMON P., b. in Va.; served nearly four years in Union 
Army during Civil War; Ill. State U.; Gbg. Sem., 1867-68; ord. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1868; miss. to Africa; d. May 4, 1870. 


COOK, JOHN J. Grad. Ill. State U.; Gbg. Sem., 1867-69; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1868; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 1869; pastor, Wabash, Ind., 1869-71; 
Macon, IIl., 1871-72; dismissed to La Gro, Ind., Presby., Oct. 19, 1872; 
res, unknown. 


HARKEY, JAMES SIDNEY, b. Frederick, Md., May 23, 1845; Ill. State 
U.; Gbg. Sem., 1867-69; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1869; pastorates, Quincy, 
Pa., Somerset, Pa., Valatie, N. Y., Middleburgh, N. Y.; m. Addie N. 
Yount, May 4, 1869; 5 children; she d. Oct. 13, 1898; he d. July 20, 1900. 


PARSON, WILLIAM EDWIN, b. Muncy, Pa., Oct. 18, 1845; s. Geo. and 
Mary (Gilbert) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1867; Gbg. Sem., 1867-69; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1889; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1869; ord. same, 1870; pastor, Washn., 
1869-72, 1879-05; sec. Japanese Embassy during tour, 1872-73; prof., 
Howard U., 1873-74; prof., Tokio U., 1874-78; member Co. A (Col. 
Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; decorated with Order of the Rising Sun 
by Japanese Emperor; member many bds. and coms.; author, Argument 
for the Existence of God, pub. in Japan: Bio. of Saml. B. Barnitz, 
1905; m. Anna Rebecca Naille, Aug. 18, 1874; children, Geo. I., Artley 
B., Donald, Eric, Kenneth, John; d. Dec. 19, 1905. 


1868 


CONRADI, FREDERICK ADOLPH, b. Wooster, O., July 22, 1846; s. 
Phillip J. and Anna M. (Sprung) C.; Waukegan, IIl., Sem.; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1871; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1871; pastor, Beardstown, IIl., 1871-73; 
Ist, Oswego, N. Y., 1873-77; Bridgeton, N. J., 1877-80; 1st U. E., 
Balto., 1880-1900; M.D., U. of Balto., 1884; practiced med. Balto., 1900- 
15; m. Wilhelmina Petronella F. Abele, July 18, 1871; her pres. res., 
Balto.; 9 children; d. July 21, 1915. 


DIENER, JOHN FRANKLIN, b. Newville, Pa., Dec. 14, 1845; Gbg. Col., 
1864-68; Gbg. Sem., 1868-70; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; 
pastor, Uniontown, Md., 1870-72; New Germantown, Pa., 1872-78; Cat- 


439 


1868 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


awissa, Pa., 1879-83; united with Presby. Ch., 1884, and pastor, Dick- 
inson, Pa., 1883-85; Schellsburg, Pa., 1885-90; Upper Tuscarora, Pa., 
1890-c15; m. Jennie High, 1869; 5 children; d. Feb. 9, 1918. 


FINCKEL, SAMUEL GOODMAN, b. Cumberland, Md., Feb. 23, 1845; s. 
Saml. D. and Harriet (Keller) F.; Gbg. Col., 1865-68; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1871; lic. Md. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Rhinebeck, N. Y., 
1871-78; Taneytown, Md., 1873-83; Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1883-84; Hartle- 
ton, Pa., 1884-89; Lansingburg, N. Y., 1889-1900; Quartermaster’s Dept., 
Washn., 1861-65; m. Nellie Elseffer, Oct. 16, 1872; children, Mrs. J. S. 
Ten Eyck, Samuel E. E.; d. Mar. 10, 1900. 


HARTMAN, AARON STEWART, b. Adams Co., Pa., Dec. 19, 1845; s. 
Moses and Elizabeth (Rebert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col, 1868; Gbg. Sem., 
1868-69; grad. Union Sem., 1871; lic. N. Y. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; 
pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 1871-73; St. Matt., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1873-75; Ist., 
Chambersburg, Pa., 1875-89; gen. sec. bd. Home Miss. G. S., 1889-15; 
asst. sec. Home Miss. bd. Home Miss. & Ch. Ext. G. S., 1915-18; ed. 
sec. bd. Home Miss. & Ch. Ext. U.L.C., 1918- ; assoc. ed. Luth. Miss. 
Jour., 1889-15; D.D., Wit. Col.; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 21 yrs.; 
m, Julia Catherine Hollinger, June 7, 1871; children, Robt. N., 
Beulah A., Julia L., Herbert H.; she d. Sept. 3, 1879; m. Emma J. 
Rowe, June 6, 1881; children, Anabel E., Ralph S.; res. Balto. 


HEILMAN, LEE MECHLING, b. Kittanning, Pa., Mar. 11, 1846; s. Isaac 
and Hannah H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1868; grad. Sem., 1871; D.D., Carth- 
age Col., 1890; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1870; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1871; pastor, 
Springfield, Ill., 1871-73; 2nd., Harrisburg, Pa., 1873-81; organized and 
pastor of Ist G. S. ch. in Chicago, now Grace Ch., meeting for many 
Sundays in a beer hall, 1882-95; memorial, Harrisburg, Pa., 1895-97; 
dir. Tressler Orphans’ Home; member Bd. Home Miss. G. S., 1881-97; 
chairman Luth. Cong. during World’s Parl. of Rels.; m. Laura F. 
Humes, Jan. 31, 1872; author, Hist. 2nd Luth. Ch., Harrisburg, 1876; 
Hist. Tressler Orphans’ Home: Hist. N. Ill. Syn.: Christian Nurture 
in the Luth. Ch. and Home; d. Mar. 10, 1897. 


KUTZ, HENRY D. Had been member of Ger. Ref. and Baptist Chs. and 
stud. at Bucknell U.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1868; ord. same, 1870; pastor, 
Shoops, near Harrisburg, Pa., 1869-71; to Cong. Ch. at Findlay, O., 1875. 


LIPE, LUTHER L., b. Montgomery, Ill, Oct. 17, 1845; s. Danl. and 
Matilda L.; Gbg. Col., 1867-68; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1871; lic. N. Ill. Syn., 
1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Mt. Morris, Ill., Dixon, IIl., Lincoln, 


440 


ALUMNI 1869 


Neb., West Point, Neb., Sharon, Wis., Grand Island, Neb.; m. Flora 
Stager, Nov. 6, 1872; children, John, Olive; res. Sharon, Wis.; d. May 
13, 1925. 


MACKENZIE, DAVID LEMUEL, b. nr. Duncannon, Pa., Nov. 11, 1838; 
s. John and Nancy M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1868; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1871; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Frostburg, Md., 1871- 
78; Van Wert, O., 1878-82; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1882-85; Sioux City, Ia., 
1885-94; Indianapolis, Ind., 1894-97; Lykens, Pa., 1897-05; member Co. 
B, 138th. Pa. Col., 1862-65, com. Ist. It., 1864; m. Mary Louisa Stoever, 
Jan. 3, 1872; children, Chas. P., David D., Luther W.; d. Oct. 28, 1906. 


RICHARD, JAMES WILLIAM. See Faculty, page 325. 


WILSON, GEORGE W., b. c1834; lic. N. Ind. Syn., 1859; ord. same 1861; 
spec. stud. Gbg. Sem.; pastor, N. Manchester, Ind., 1860-1871; united 


with Presby. Ch., 1871; at Warsaw, Ind., 1871-77, and Cassopolis, Ind., 
1878; d. May 29, 1878. 


1869 


BREIDENBAUGH, EDWARD SWOYER, b. Newville, Pa., Jan. 14, 1849; 
s. Edward and C. Elizabeth (Swoyer) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1868; tutor, 
Gbg. Col., 1868-69; Gbg. Sem., 1869-71; Yale U., 1871-73; ScD., Gbg. 
Col., 1887; instr., Yale U., 1872-73; prof., Carthage Col., 1873; prof. 
Gbg. Col., 1874-1924 and emeritus, 1924- ; mineralogist to State Bd. 
Agriculture, 1880- ; contr. to various scientific jours.; m. Ida Kitz- 
miller, Nov. 20, 1873; children, Edna, Annie L., Mary J. I.; res. Gbg. 


CLARE, RICHARD HENRY, b. Albany, N. Y., Mar. 5, 1847; grad. Ft. 
Edward Inst.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1905; lic. N. Y. 
Syn., 1871; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1872; pastor, Blain, Pa., 1872-73; 
Bridgeton, N. J., 1873-76; 2nd., Chambersburg, Pa., 1876-82; Hamilton, 
Pa., 1882-92; Abbottstown, Pa., 1892-08; m. Lydia Catherine Ziegler, 
July 4, 1872; children, H. E., R. D., Martin L.; Mary C., Milo R.; she 
d. Apr. 12, 1915; he d. Feb. 14, 1908. , 


CLUTZ, JACOB ABRAHAM. See Faculty, page 334. 


CRESSLER, JOSIAH FREDERICK, b. Franklin Co., Pa., May 11, 1845; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1871; 
ord. same, 1872; pastor, Apollo, Pa., 1872-75; Millerstown, Pa., 1876-79; 
Minerva, O., 1879-82; Breababeen, N. Y., 1882-90; Lisbon, Ia., 1890-97; 
Lekanah, Neb., 1897-99 ; Rising City, Neb., 1899-03; Cambria, Kas., 1903- 


44] 


1869 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


06; m. Emma Victoria Hartman, Jan. 5, 1875; children, Olin H., Ed. 
P., Mrs. Otto F. Hansen; d. June 12, 1917. 


EVERETT, THOMAS THOMPSON, b. Peekskill, N. Y., s. Richard J. E.; 
Mohawk Valley Sem.; journalist with N. Y. Express, Sun and Journal 
of Commerce, Pgh. Pa., Dispatch and Commercial; Gbg. Sem., 1869-71; 
D.D., W. & L. U., 1881; pastor, Greencastle, Pa., 1871-72; Red Hook, 
N. Y., 1872-74; Dayton, O., 1874-77; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1888-90; 
Brooklyn, N. Y., 1890-93; Cobleskill, N. Y., 1893-98; Zion, York, Pa., 
1898-14; M. E. Chs. in Phila., 1877-83; trustee, Wit. Col.; sec. to Gov. 
of Pa., 1883-87; m.; d. Aug. 25, 1914. 


FINKBINDER, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Vincent, Pa., July 4, 1843; s. Jacob 
and Margaret (Rambo) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1872; D.D., Sus, U., 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1871; ord. same, 1872; 
pastor, Middletown, Pa., 1873-83; Cumberland, Md., 1883-94; Colorado 
Springs, Col., 1894-07; Miss. supt. R. M. Syn., 1908-20; corp. 194th. Pa. 
Militia, 1864, and member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; 
trustee, Midland Col., 1901-02; member Col. Bd. of Lunacy Commis- 
sioners, 1907-13; m. Martha Eveline Hamilton, May 29, 1873; 3 s., 
B. H., R. R., N. M.; she d. Feb. 26, 1923; he d. July 11, 1923. 


GRAEFF, PHILIP, f. Balto.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1873; lic. Md. Syn., 1872; ord. same, 1873; pastor, Washn., 1873-77; 
Springfield, Ill., 1877-80; Lockport, N. Y., 1880-82; Athens, N. Y., 
1882-85; Mifflintown, Pa., 1885-90; Ist. Eng., Oakland, Cal., 1890-94; 
to Free Will Baptist Ch., Oakland, Calif., 1896, and d. few yrs. later. 


HARPSTER, JOHN HENRY, b. Center Hall, Pa., Apr. 27, 1844; s. Geo. 
and Frances H.; Sus. U.; Gbg. Sem., 1869-71; stud. med. U. of Md.; 
D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1893; ord. Md. Syn., 1871; miss. to India, 1871- 
76, 1893-09; pastor, Ellsworth, Kas., 1879; Hays City, Kas., 1879-82; 
Trenton, N. J., 1882-84; Canton, O., 1884-93; capt. in 2nd. Corps, Army 
of the Potomac and twice wounded; m. M. Julia Jacobs, Aug. 1, 1882; 
d. Feb. 1, 1911. 


HEINDEL, WILLIAM SAILOR, b. York Co., Pa., Jan. 26, 1846; s. Peter 
B. and Catherine H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1871; refused ord.; lic. by Phila. Presby.; pastor, St. Jas., 
Gbg., Pa., 1872; served Presby. Chs. at Marion, Ky., and Mt. Carmel, 
O.; agt. Home of Little Wanderers, Phila., 1872-73; m. Ella ah set 
Aug. 3, 1873; s. Norman; d. July 1, 1877. 


442 


ALUMNI 1870 


HEISLER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Pottsville, Pa., Nov. 9, 1846; s. W. L. 
and Sarah H. (Kurtz) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; Gbg. Sem., 1869-70; 
lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1870- 
71; Hughesville, Pa., 1871-79; Mt. Carmel, IIl., 1879-80; Blain, Pa., 
1882-83; Lykens, Pa., 1883-86; Dauphin, Pa., 1886-1911; prin. Burketts- 
ville Female Sem., 1880-82; m. Sarah Elizabeth Senseman, Jan. 24, 1871; 
children, Mary C., Florence A., Helen, Margaret; she d. Jan. 2, 1884; 
m. Frances E. Hay, Feb. 10, 1885; no children; she d. Feb. 28, 1920; 
insurance and rent-collector, 1911-24; he d. Sept. 4, 1924. 


HEMPERLY, FRANCIS HENRY, b. Orleans, N. Y., May 6, 1843; s. Geo. 
W. and Elizabeth (Van Coughnet) H.; Sus. U., 1868-69; Gbg. Col. and 
Sem., 1869-70; united with Swedenborgian Ch. and pastor, 1871-79; 
with U. Security Life Ins. and Trust Co., 1885-24; m. Mary Ann Engel, 
June 15, 1871; no children; her res. Cobleskill, N. Y.; he d. June 2, 1924. 


KETTERMAN, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Stovertown, Pa., Mar. 26, 1842; 
s. Geo. and Mary (Bush) K.; Gbg. Col., 1866-69; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1871; ord. same, 1872; pastor, Stone Ch., York Co., 
Pa., 1872-79; Star View, Pa., 1879-16; m. Lydia Malinda Hamm, 1877; 
children, Paul H., Geo., Danl., Anna, J. Bruce; d. Nov. 24, 1919. 


SCHOEMPERLEN, GEORGE HENRY, b. Gebersheim, Wurtemberg, Ger., 
Oct. 12, 1844; s. John S. and Maria (von Au) S.; arrived, N. Y., July 
18, 1869; Gbg. Sem., 1869-70; ord., 1870; pastorates, West Webster, 
N. Y., Arenzville, Ill, Towanda, N. Y., Fairview, N. Y., Zurich and 
Humberstone, Ont., Greenwood, Mich., Friendship, Ind., Palmer and 
Elkton, S. D., Renville and Fairfax, Minn., Ephraim, Wis., Kirkwood, 
Mo.; m. Minna Kruse, Aug. 1, 1872; 9 children; she d. Apr. 20, 1915; 
he d. Dec. 30, 1921. 

1870 


CRONHOLM, NEANDER NICOLAUS, b. in Sweden, Nov. 19, 1845; s. 
N. P. G. and Elizabeth C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Ggb. Sem., 
1873; Ph.D., Yale, 1875; LL.B., U. of the City of N. Y., 1876; prac- 
ticed law, N. Y. City, 1876-78, and Chicago, Ill., 1878-22; member N. 
Jurists Assn., of Sweden; author, Hist. of Sweden, 1902; m. Guliaelma 
Maria Penn Frazee, June 6, 1878; d. Dec., 1922. 


DAHLEEN, JOHN AUGUSTUS, f. nr. Christiana, Sweden; pastor Boston, 
Mass., 1873-81; probably ret. to Sweden. 


FASTNACHT, ABRAHAM G., b. nr. Ephrata, Pa., June 30, 1845; s. Jehn 
and Mattie (Cockley) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1870; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; 


443 


1870 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


D.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1872; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; 
pastor, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1873-75; Union, York, Pa., 1877-03; 
Salem, Dover, Pa., 1905-16; rt., 1916; dir., Gbg. Sem.; trustee, Tress- 
ler Orphanage; member, Home Miss. Bd. G. S.; trustee, York Co. 
Acad.; present, pastor emeritus Union, York, Pa.; m. Mary Emelie 
Warren, June 10, 1873; children, Allie E., Warren E., Minnie M.; res., 
York, Pa, 


GLADHILL, JOHN TOMS, b. Myersville, Md., Dec. 2, 1846; s. Jas. S. 
and Caroline (Miller) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1870; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1872; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1873; pastor, Empire, Ill., 1873-75; 
Conroy, O., 1875-78; Luthersburg, Pa., 1878-82; Smicksburg, Pa., 1882- 
86; Newport, Pa., 1886-91; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1891-98; Conshohocken, 
Pa., 1898-02; m. Nannie M. White, June 5, 1873; s. James; d. Jan. 12, 
1902. 


MANGES, EDMUND, b. nr. Buckstown, Pa., Jan. 25, 1842; s. Jos. and 
Catharine (Geiger) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1870; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1872; ord. same, 1873; pastor, Luthersburg, Pa., 1873-78; 
Shrewsbury, Pa., 1878-81; Manchester, Md., 1881-85; Lavansville, Pa., 
1885-92; Lebanon Chge., York Co., Pa., 1894-c03; Oakland, Md., 1903- 
14; rt., 1914; 52nd. Pa. Vol., 1864-65; m. Margaret Whisker, June 22, 
1872; children, Mary C., Lewis C., Willis F., Leah J., Corinna E., Mar- 
garet A., Edmund L.; res., York, Pa. 

MARTINIS, ALFRED, b. nr. Hampton, N. J., Dec. 20, 1843; s. Morris 
and Mary A. (Derenberger) M.; sgt. Co. F, 202nd. Pa. Vol., 1864-65; 
Hudson River Inst., 1863-64, 1865-66; Weaversville Acad., 1864; in 
business, 1866-70; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; ord. N. Y. & N. J. Syn., 1874; 
pastor, Maryland, N. Y., 1874-75; Knox, N. Y., 1875-78; Canton, IIl., 
1878-82; Hastings, Neb., 1882-83; Coroles, Neb. (Cong.), 1883-85; 
Canton, Ill. (Luth.), 1885-89; Irving, Ill, 1889-95; Middlebury, Ind., 
1895-c96; Queen City, Mo., 1897-99; rt., 1899; m. Amanda E. Weaver, 
Oct. 25, 1866; children, Herbert, Ernest, Mabel H., Harold D.; she d. 
Jan. 6, 1926; res., Newport, Ky. 


SEIDEL, WILLIAM CHRISTIAN, b. Klein Gladtbach Oberampt beingen, 
Wuertemberg, Ger., Apr. 22, 1843; s. John and Barbarah (Wagner) S.; 
emigrated, 1853; Mendota Col., 1866-70; special, Gbg. Col., 1870-72; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; D.D., Midland Col., 1907; lic. N. Ill. Syn., 1872; 
ord. same, 1873; pastor, Davis, Ill., 1873-76; missionary in Kas., 1876- 
c90; pastor, St. Paul’s, Carlisle, Pa., 1890-95; Cairo, Ill., 1895-97; St. 
John’s, Knoxville, Tenn., 1899-c04; Dixon, Tenn., 1904-05; St. Paul’s, 
Nashville, Tenn., 1905-09; member Co. A, 140th. Ill. Vol. Apr., 1864- 

444 


ALUMNI ; 1871 


Noy., 1864; trustee, Carthage Col., 1877-82; dir. Solomon Valley Rwy. 
Co., 1878-82; m. Cassie Wolfersperger, Oct. 18, 1873; no children; rt., 
1909, res. Sterling, Ill.; engaged in tract work; d. Apr. 1, 1925. 


TOMLINSON, JOSEPH ALEXANDER, b. Bedford, Pa., Mar. 28, 1842; 
s. Joseph W. and Catherine T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
1879; D.D., Washn. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1870-71; grad. Yale Div. 
Sch., 1872; lic. Al. Syn., 1871; ord. same, 1872; pastor, Bellefonte, Pa., 
1872-73; agt. for Luth. Pub. Soc., 1873-74; at Ghent, Pa., 1874-75; united 
with Cong. Ch. and pastor, E. Haven, Ct., 1877-80; Westbrook, Ct., 
1880-83; Longwood, Fla., 1884-87; Orlando, Fla., 1887-88; at Phila., 
1888-10; m. M. M. Miller, Dec. 21, 1877; d. 1910. 


TRAVER, WILLIAM EDWIN, b. Clinton, N. Y., Jan. 24, 1847; s. Martin 
and Catherine T.; Hart. Sem., 1866-70; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; lic. N. 
Y. and N. J. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; pastor, W. Amsterdam, N. Y., 
1873-78; Athens, N. Y., 1878-83; Orleans, 4 Corners, N. Y., 1883-86; 
Ancram, N. Y., 1886-94; Germantown, N. Y., 1894-1919; Churchtown, 
N. Y., 1919- ; m. Melissa Adelaide Love, Sept., 1873; dau. Gertrude 
C. J.; she d. Nov. 14, 1911; m. Caroline Jane Niver, Apr. 8, 1922; res. 
Churchtown, N. Y. 


1871 


BURGNER, JACOB B., b. Lebanon Co., Pa. Feb. 22, 1844; member Co. 
C, 93rd. Pa. Vol. Inf., and later Co. D, 48th Pa. Vol. Inf., 1861-65; 
L. V. Col.; Bucknell U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; 
pastor, Follmer, Pa., 1873-76; West Brookfield, O., 1876-84; Reeds- 
burg, O., 1884-93; Greenford, O., 1893-98; dir. Wittenberg Col.; m. 
Annie M. Ritter, Mar. 16, 1897; s. Byron R.; d. Sept. 24, 1904. 


DETWEILER, JOHN SAMUEL, b. Middletown, Pa., May 3, 1846; ss. 
Jacob and Caroline D.; member Co. D, 194th Pa. Militia, 1864; city 
miss., Harrisburg, Pa., 1866-67; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; Gbg. Sem., 1871- 
73; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1889; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 
1874; pastor, Oregon, IIl., 1873-75; Polo, Ill., 1876-79; Louisville, Ky., 
1879-83 ; Kountze Mem., Omaha, Neb., 1884-95; Children’s Mem., Kan- 
sas City, Mo., 1895-96; left Luth. Ch., 1896; evangelist and Bible 
teacher, 1896-06; united with Baptist Ch., 1906, and pastor Calvary, 
Louisville, Ky., 1906-09; 1st Hodgenville, Ky., 1909-15; pres., Carthage 
Col., 1883-84; sec. G. S. and bd. education for several yrs.; trustee, 
Midland Col.; m. Sarah Ellen German, June 26, 1873; her present res., 
Tarrytown, N. Y.; children, John F., Chas. S., Fred. B., James E., Helen 
C.; d. Oct. 8, 1922, 


445 


1871 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


FOULK, DAVID Z., b. Gettysburg, Pa, Jan. 17, 1853; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; 
pastor, Belleville, Pa., 1875-80; N. Fork, Neb., 1890-94; supply Som- 
erset, Pa., 1881; York Springs, Pa., 1886-89; farmed near York Springs 
several yrs.; unmarried; d. Aug. 8, 1915. 


KAIN, WILLIAM HENRY, b. York Co., Pa, Jan. 4, 1848; s. John and 
Susan (May) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; spec. stud. Gbg. Sem., 1871-72; 
stud. law with John Gibson; admitted to the bar and practiced at York, 
Pa., 1875-83; supt. schs., York Co., Pa., 1871-78; m. Clara M. Hay, 
Mar. 1, 1876; 1 dau.; d. Feb. 3, 1883. 


KAST, AUGUSTUS JACOB BABB, b. Cumberland Co., Pa, Nov. 6, 
1845; s. John B. and Frances F. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; pastor, Friend’s 
Cove, Pa., 1874-78; Camden, Ind., 1878-79; Dixon, IIl., 1879-82; Prince- 
ton, Ill., 1882-84; Massillon, O., 1885-90; Greenford, O., 1890-92; New- 
comerstown, O., 1892-94; Central Bridge, N. Y., 1895-97; Shippen- 
ville, Pa., 1899-02; Chicora, Pa., 1902-03; Berlin Center, O., 1904-07; 
Washingtonville, O., 1907-10; Reedsburg, O., 1910-12; m. Margaret C. 
Dabele, Sept. 12, 1877; children, Chas., Mrs. J. S. Miskima, Mrs. L. W. 
Hartman; author, Hist. Mt. Zion Luth. Ch., Shippenville, Pa., 1902; d. 
Dec. 18, 1916. 


KNAPP, FREDERICK GEORGE, b. Adelsleben, Hanover, Ger., Feb. 14, 
1845; s. Fred and Magdalena K.; arrived, Balto., Apr., 1847; com. sgt. 
17th W. Va. Vols., 1864-65; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; d. June 26, 1873. 


KOSER, DAVID THEODORE, b. near Shippensburg, Pa., Mar. 7, 1845; 
s. Jacob and Mary (Deardorff) K.; stud. Sus. U. and Gbg. Col.; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1874; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1923; ord. Al. Syn., 1874; pastor, 
Addison, Pa., 1874-77; Riegelsville, Pa., 1878-88; Arendtsville, Pa., 1888- 
1924; m. Rachael Araminta Gelwicks, June 30, 1874; children, John G., 
L. Grace; m. 2nd, Sarah E. (Littel) Peters, July 30, 1889; ret., 1924; 
res., Gbg. 


LILLY, WALTER HERMAN, b. Balto., Mar. 6, 1853; s. Aaron W. and 
Margery (Herman) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; pastor, Bellefonte, Pa., 1874-76; 
Abilene, Kas., 1876-77; Newton, Ia., 1877-78; Kansas City, Mo., 1880; 
Eyota, Minn., 1880-82; Hillsboro, Ill., 1883-85; Nokomis, IIl., 1885-87; 
Van Wert, O., 1887-90; merchant, Abilene, Kas., 1878-80; prin. schs., 
Eyota, Minn., 1881-82; supt. schs., Van Wert, O., 1890-92; m. Almira 
J. Smith, Mar. 16, 1881; 3 children; d. Sept. 6, 1892. 


446 


ALUMNI 1872 


PALMER, SAMUEL S., b. Greencastle, Pa., May 17, 1843; s. George and 
Susan (Showalter) P.; pvt. Co. K, 126th Pa. Vol. Inf., 1862-64, and 
sgt. 21st Pa. Cav., 1864-65; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1874; pastor, Pikeland, 
Pa., 1874-75; Phoenixville, Pa., 1875-80; farmed in Kas. for many yrs.; 
m. Henrietta C. Werner, Sept. 6, 1877; d. 1921. 


ROWE, ADAM D., b. Clinton Co., Pa., Sept. 29, 1848; s. John B. and 
Anna M. (Moyer) R.; grad. Kutztown Nor. Sch., 1868, Millersville 
Nor. Sch., 1870; Gbg. Sem., 1871-73; supt. schs., Clinton Co., Pa., 
1870-71; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; organized Children’s 
Miss. Soc.; miss. to India, 1874-82; m. Mary E. Corson, June 10, 1873; 
dau. Mabel; d. Sept. 16, 1882. 


WAGNER, JOHN, b. Stone Church, Pa., Feb. 1, 1852; s. Reuben and 
Lydia A. (Schooch) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. Sus. Syn., 1874; 
organized and pastor, Trinity, Hazleton, Pa, 1874-1924, emeritus, 1924- ; 
trustee, Gbg. Col., 1893- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1879-  ; trustee several yrs. 
Irving Col.; dir., Bd. U. Charities, Hazleton, 1904- ; pres., Sus. Syn. 
of C. Pa., 1924- ; m. Marry Ellen Schleppy, Sept. 9, 1880; children, 
Helen M., Vera L., Paul S.; res., Hazleton. 


1872 


BAUM, JOHN CROLL, b. Middletown, Pa., Sept. 19, 1852; s. William 
M. and Maria L. (Croll) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1875; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1875; pastor, 
Trenton, N. J., 1875-81; Canajoharie, N. Y., 1881-82; dir. Gbg. Sem., 
1877-82; unmarried; d. Oct. 26, 1886. 


BREITENBACH, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Hamilton, O., Sept. 20, 1850; s. 
Augustus and Marie (Karch) B.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 
1872-73; grad. Wit. Sem. 1874; ord. E. O. Syn., 1875; pastor, Dover, 
O., York Springs, Pa., Monongahela City, Pa., Freeport, Pa., Clinton, 
Ia., Murphysboro, Ill.; m. Caroline Haines, Sept. 12, 1877; s. Roy W.; 
her res., Chgo., Ill.; he d. Nov. 20, 1923. 


BRUBAKER, JOHN, b. Berlin, Pa, Nov. 5, 1848; s. Alexander and 
Drusilla (Heffley) B.; A.B., Gbg, Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1902; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Everett, 
Pa., 1875-76; Nittany, Pa., 1884-89; Wrightsville, Pa., 1890-93; Schells- 
burg, Pa., 1894-99; York Springs, Pa., 1900-01; E. Schodack, N. Y., 
1901-05; Avis, Pa., 1908-09; Piedmont, W. Va., 1909-11; at Berlin, 


447 


1872 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Pa., 1905-08; prof., Carthage Col., 1876-83; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary 
L. Gilbert, Aug. 1, 1877; no children; she d. Apr. 28, 1894; m. Jennie 
E. Moore, Aug. 12, 1912; he d. Oct. 14, 1923. 


COLLINS, BENJAMIN BRUBAKER, b. Berlin, Pa., Nov. 28, 1847; s. 
Mark and Ellen (Brubaker) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1875; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; miss. to Africa, 1875-76; 
pastor, Chalfont, Pa., 1877-81; German Valley, N. J., 1881-90; Myers- 
dale, Pa., 1892-06; trav. sec. Al. Syn., 1890-92; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1898-05; 
m. Emma J. Fisher, Sept. 1, 1875; she d. at sea May 6, 1876; m. Ella 
A. Delp, Dec. 26, 1878; 8 children; d. Nov. 2, 1912. 


DIEHL, SAMUEL ALBERT, b. nr. New Oxford, Pa., Nov. 13, 1847; s. 
Daniel and Leah (Baugher) Miller D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. 
Gbe. Sem., 1875; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Bloser- 
ville, Pa., 1875-85; Woodsboro, Md., 1885-92; Westminster, Md., 1892- 
02; Bendersville, Pa., 1902-09; Mt. Carmel, Hanover, Pa., 1909-20; m. 
Jennie M. Hamilton, Sept. 2, 1875; no children; she d. July 1, 1921; he d. 
May 10, 1922. 


DUNBAR, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Stone Church, Pa., Jan. 25, 1852; s. 
Robt. and Susan (Correl) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1874; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; 
pastor, St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1874-80; Zion, Lebanon, Pa., 1880-94; 
St. Mark’s, Balto., 1894-17, and emeritus until 1920; dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
trustee, Gbg. Col., and Tressler Orphans’ Home; member pub. bd. and 
deaconess bd. G. S.; ed. Luth. Ch. Work, 1908-12, and assoc. ed., 1912- 
15; m. Jennie Chamberlain, Oct. 7, 1880; children, Paul B., Emeline C.; 
d. Dec. 24, 1920. 


FELTON, ANTHONY KARNS, b. Bedford Co., Pa., Jan. 17, 1848; s. 
Jacob and Elizabeth F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-74; ord. 
N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1874; pastor, Clarksville, N. J., 1874-75; Bunker 
Hill, Kas., 1876-78; Addison, Pa., 1878-82; Stoyestown, Pinegrove 
Mills, Philipsburg and Newry, Pa., Dyson, Upper Sandusky, Lucas and 
Greenford, O.; Smithville, O., 1903-09; Magnolia, O., 1909-14; m. 
Amanda C. Derr, July 1, 1877; children, Susan E., Elizabeth M., Edna 
L., Lloyd D.; d. Feb. 2, 1915. 


FISCHER, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Berlin, Pa., Oct. 6, 1849; s. John 
H. and Anna E. (Gilbert) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1875; hon. B.D., D.D., Sus. U.; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; 
pastor, Center Hall, Pa., 1875-93; Shamokin, Pa., 1893- ; dir. Gbg. 


448 


ALUMNI 1872 


Sem. 10 yrs.; member G. S. Ch. Hymnal Com.; m. Judith Ann Philsony, 
Mar. 1, 1877; children, Lillian B., Marion L., Ella P.; res., Sha- 
mokin, Pa. 


FORTNEY, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. Center Hall, Pa., Pec. 27, 1845; s. 
David and Susanna F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; suc- 
cessively, instr. Sus. U., prin. Clearfield, Pa., H. S., Pa. Valley Inst., 
Selinsgrove, Pa., schs., Chatham Village, N. Y., schs.; grad. Sus. Sem., 
1879; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1880; pastor, 
Chatham Village, N. Y., 1879-81; Ancram, N. Y., 1881-85; Athens, 
N. Y., 1885-87; Wurtemburg, N. Y., 1887-95; Turbotville, Pa., 1895- 
1900; Ramapo, N. Y., 1901-09; m. Lorena G. Ziegler, Sept. 22, 1874; 
4 children; d. Aug. 30, 1909. 


HOOVER, CHRISTIAN, b. near Smithsburg, Md., Oct. 21, 1849; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1872; d. Mar. 6, 1873. 


HOUSEMAN, JOHN H., b. Sinking Valley, Pa., Jan. 9, 1842; s. Andrew 
and Mary E. H.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; grad. 
Wit. Sem., 1874; lic. E. O. Syn., 1873; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1875; pastor, 
Turtle Creek, Pa., 1874-78; New Springfield and New Middletown, O., 
1878-82; Maytown, Pa., 1882-84; Milroy, Pa., 1884-87; Hooversville, 
Pa., 1887-91; Bellwood, Pa., 1891-94; Lairdsville, Pa., 1898-01; Mill 
Creek, Pa., 1901-03; m. Mary Louisa Buck, Mar. 5, 1874; children, 
Edgar T., Mrs. J. B. Corbin; d. Jan. 19, 1922. 


KISSEL, ALBERT J., b. Washington Co., Md., Sept. 22, 1844; Gbg. Sem., 
1872-74; Wit. Sem., 1874-75; pastor, Sulphur Springs, O., Salina, Kas., 
Abilene, Kas., Tipton, Ia., Louisville, Kay., Circleville, O., Whitewater, 
Kas., Fernald, Ia.; sometime supt. Oesterlen Orphanage; m. Della Fry, 
1879; children, Arthur, Mrs. J. G. Maurer; she d. 1905; m. Mrs. Laura 
Orton, 1909; he d. Mar. 9, 1924. 


KISTLER, JOHN LUTHER, b. Ickesburg, Pa., Sept. 25, 1849; s. David 
and Susannah (Rice) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
instr. Sus. U., 1874-75; DSc., Gbg. Col., 1899; D.D., same, 1916; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1877; prof., Hart. Sem., 
1876-20; prof. emeritus, same, 1920- ; m. Ella Grace Myers, Aug. °21, 
1879; children, Ralph M., Gilbert R.; she d. Oct. 4, 1918; res. Hart. 
Sem., N. Y. 


KOSER, JACOB ALFRED, b. near Shippensburg, Pa., June 24, 1847; s. 
Samuel and Mary (Deardorff) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1875; lic., 1874; ord. Al. Syn., 1875; pastor, Salsburg, Pa., 1875- 

449 


1872 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


78; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1878-85; Northumberland, Pa., 1885-89; 
Muncy, Pa., 1889-95; Sioux City, Ia., 1895-1901; Neb. City, Neb., 1901- 
13; Sedalia, Mo., 1913-22; ret., 1922; m. Emma Louise Hoffheins, June 
24, 1875; children, Martin L., Geo. S., Clara L.; her res., Neb. City, 
Neb.; he d. July 6, 1924. 


LEESER, JOHN HENRY, b. Hereford, Pa., Dec. 19, 1847; s. Samuel and 
Susanna L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem.; ord. 1875; lic. 
Im. Syn., 1894; pastor, Martins Creek, Pa., 1875-76; Belvidere, N. J., 
1876-77; Hummelstown, Pa.; present, realtor, Reading, Pa.; Annie M. 
Barnitz, Feb. 21, 1884. | 


METZLER, ELDER JOHN, b. nr. Hanover, Pa., May 23, 1843; s. John 
and Louisa M.; Gbg. Col., 1868-72; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Littlestown, Pa., 1875-88; Williams- 
burg, Pa., 1888-90; St. Paul’s, Altoona, Pa., 1890-03; 3 children; d. 
May 10, 1905. 


MOSER, DANIEL MELANCHTHON, b. Pine Grove Mills, Pa., Jan. 7, 
1849; s. Danl. and Catherine (Marks) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, 
Lockport, N. Y., 1875-79; Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1879-92; Schuylkill 
Haven, Pa., 1892-11; rt., 1912; m. Maria Louisa Wattles, Aug. 15, 
1877; s. Frank, W.; res., Gbg. 


PESCHAU, FERDINAND WILLIAM ELIAS, b. Clausthal-Kellerfeld, 
Hanover, Ger., Feb. 17, 1849; s. Henry C. F. and Wilhelmina (Muehl- 
hahn) P.; emigrated, 1854; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; 
instr., Evansville, Ind., schs., 1873-76; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 
1876; pastor, Nebraska City, Neb., 1876-78; Nashville, Tenn., 1878-82; 
Wilmington, N. C., 1882-93; Greensburg, Pa., 1893-1900; St. Jacob’s, 
Miamisburg, O., 1900-16; prof., Neb. Col., and supt. schs., Nebraska 
City, 1876-78; prof., Ward’s Female Sem., and Vanderbilt U., Nash- 
ville, Tenn., 1878-82; pres., G. S. South and United Syn. South, 1886-87; 
trustee, N. C. Col.; dir. Southern Sem., and Greensburg, Pa., Sem.; 
member numerous organizations; ed. So. Mo. Ill. Magazine; assoc. ed. 
Lutheran Visitor; m. Clara J. Myers, June 3, 1873; children, Mrs. 
Henry Otter, Mrs. Geo. Foster, Mrs. Chas. Immel, Mrs. R. J. Fulton, 
Ferd. H., Andrew; she d. Apr. 22, 1924; he d. Mar. 19, 1916. 


POFFINBERGER, JOHN WESLEY, b. Myersville, Md., Dec. 2, 1843; s. 
Jacob and Barbara P.; member Co. M, 22nd Pa. Cav., 1864-65; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874;. ord. Al. 


450 


ALUMNI 1872 


Syn., 1875; pastor, Berlin, Pa., 1875-85; Leechburg, Pa., 1885-97; Van- 
dergrift, Pa., 1897-01; m. Mollie E. Nycum, June 6, 1877; children, 
Merle E., Judd N., Emma, 1 d. infancy; d. Mar. 30, 1909. 


SLAYBAUGH, GEORGE H., b. nr. Gbg., Jan. 29, 1846; s. Nicholas and 


Anne (Bender) S.; grad. Pa. State Nor. Sch.; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; 
grad. Wit. Sem., 1874; lic. Wit. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, 
Mt. Zion, Richland Co., O., 1874-77; New Kingston, Pa., 1877-81; 
member Co. K, 101st Pa. Inf., 1861-65; Govt. service, 1881-1922; m. 
Annie Bell Law, Aug. 18, 1874; children, Edith, Geo. E.; ret., res., 
Washn. 


WALTZ, SOLOMON SCHMUCKER, b. New Phila., O., Oct. 24, 1847; s. 


Elias and Mary W.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; grad. 
Wit. Sem., 1874; ord. Wart. Syn., 1874; pastor, Dixon, Ill, 1874-79; 
Ist, Kansas City, Mo., 1879-83; Ist, Louisville, Ky., 1883-19; ex. sec. 
Luth. Brotherhood, 1919-25; sometime dir. Wit. Col.; m. Mina Lee 
Hastings, Sept. 23, 1875; children, Fred H., Helen M.; she d. Feb. 14, 
1907; he d. May 4, 1925. 


WARNER, ADAM N., b. Carroll Co., Md., July 15, 1848; Gbg. Col., 1866- 


70; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1893; D.D., Sus. U., 1903; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, New Cumberland, Pa., 
1875-78; Minersville, Pa., 1878-79; Montoursville, Pa., 1880-85; Pine- 
grove Mills, Pa., 1885-88; Northumberland, Pa., 1888-98; registrar, Sus. 
U., 1898-09; trustee, Sus. U.; m. Josephine Quiggle, Jan. 20, 1876; no 
children; she d. July 19, 1885; m. Emma B. Buffington, Nov. 17, 1887; 
foster dau. Mrs. G. A. Livingston; d. Feb. 1, 1917. 


WEIKERT, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS, b. Littlestown, Pa. Apr. 25, 1850; 


s. Wm. and Matilda (Sell) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1875; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 
1875-79; Red Hook, N. Y., 1879-91; ord. Episc. Ch., 1892; rector, Pine 
Plains, N. Y., 1891-94; Christ, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1894-1900; St. 
Mark’s, Paterson, N. J., 1900-20, and emeritus, 1920- ; member nu- 
merous bds. and coms.; m. Hannah Carpenter Frey, Aug. 17, 1875; chil- 
dren, Bessie M., Marion M.; she d. Sept. 19, 1917; res., Paterson, N. J. 


ZIMMER, JOHN NICHOLAS, b. Wheeling, W. Va., Mar. 8, 1849; s. 


Jno. N. and Caroline (Butt) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 

1876; lic. Neb. Syn., 1876; ord. same, 1877; pastor, West Point, Neb., 

1876-79; N. Washn., Pa., 1879-83; New Springfield, O., 1883-84; Sa- 

betha, Kas., 1889-92; Rising City, Neb., 1892-94; Bunker Hill, Kas., 
451 


1873 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1899-03; farming, Elk City, Neb., 1884-89, nr. Millard, Neb., 1894-99, 
nr. Abilene, Kas., 1903-08; rt., 1908; m. Catherine S. Wood, Nov. 29, 
1876; she d. Jan. 16, 1909; res., Evans, Col. 


1873 


FLOYD, DAVID BITTLE, b. Middletown, Md., Mar. 15, 1846; s. Heze- 
kiah and Lydia (Bittle). F.; sgt. and later It. 75th Ind. Vol., 1862-65; 
stud. med. U. of Mich., 1866-67, and Bellevue Med. Col., 1872-73; A.B., 
Roanoke Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; D.D., Roanoke Col., and 
Sus. U., 1906; lic. Md. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, Uniontown, 
Md., 1876-82; Boonsboro, Md., 1882-85; Zion, Newville, Pa., 1885-99; 
Funkstown, Md., 1900-04; Georgetown Ch., W. Washn., 1905; prof., 
Sus. Sem., 1905-22; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; author, Necrol- 
ogy of Luth. Ministers b. in Middletown Valley, Md.: Reynold’s div. in 
the Battle of Chickamaugua: Hist. of 75th Ind. Vol.: Hist. Zion Luth. 
Ch., Newville, Pa.: Greek Prepositions of the N. T.; m. Mary E. Cut- 
ting, Feb. 15, 1877; no children; d. Jan. 23, 1922. 


FRASER, GEORGE W., b. Lincoln, Pa., Sept. 8, 1841; Ist It., Co. G, 
195th Pa. Vol.; grad. Millersville Nor. Sch., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1876; lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1875; ord. C. Ill Syn., 1876; pastor Hickory 
Creek, Ill., 1876-78; Grand View, Ind., 1878; Dongola, Ill, 1890-91; 
Shipman, IIl., 1891-97; Olney, Ill, 1897-02; teaching, Lena, Ill., and 
Carthage Col., 1869-73, Wayne, Neb., Aicad., 1887-90; prin. govt. Ind. 
Sch., Ind. Ter.; at Baxter Springs, Kas., 1879-80, Landisville, Pa., 
1880-86, Manheim, Pa., 1886-87, Omaha, Neb., 1906-11, Springfield, O., 
1902-06, 1911-12; m. Fannie L. Breneisen, Dec. 12, 1876; children, John 
H., E. Blanche, Willard G., Martin L., Alice R.; d. Dec. 19, 1912. 


FREAS, WILLIAM STREEPER, b. Marble Halli, Pa., May 11, 1848; s. 
Jesse W. and Ann C. F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
D.D., Wit. Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, 
Everett, Pa., 1876-80; Hughesville, Pa., 1880-82; 1st Carlisle, Pa., 1882- 
85; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 1885-98; Grace, Balto., 1898-1905; assoc. and 
supt. inst., Balto. Deaconess Motherhouse, 1905-11; dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home and York Co. Acad.; member bd. ch. 
ext., 1886-11, and deaconess bd., 1897-1905; pres., G. S., 1901-03, 1905; 
m. Ella Amanda Streeper, June 5, 1878; children, Elsie, Harold, Wm., 
Howard, Raymond, Elizabeth, Richard; she d. June 22, 1894; he d. Feb. 
14, 1911. 


GRUVER, CHARLES BAKER, b. Richmond, Pa., Mar. 23, 1846; s. Wm. 
H. and Amelia (Baker) G.; Gbg. Col., 1872-74; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1875; ord. Al. Syn., 1876; pastor, Schellsburg, 


452 


ALUMNI 1873 


Pa., 1876-82; Williamsport, Pa., 1882-85; Berlin, Pa., 1886-92; Lock 
*Haven, Pa., 1893-99; West Sand Lake, N. Y., 1900-12; Albany, N. Y., 
1913-16; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Christiana Bachman, May 11, 1865;  chil- 
dren, O. H., E. A., Allen O., Ada, Minnie, Mrs. Frank Kipperly, Win- 
ifred; she d. Nov. 25, 1918; d. Apr. 21, 1921. 


HARTMAN, JOSEPH FRANKLIN, b. Littlestown, Pa., May 7, 1852; s. 
Moses and Elizabeth (Rebert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1876; D.D., Sus. U.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; 
pastor, Kimberton, Pa.; Ghent, N. Y.; Altoona, Pa.; LaFayette, Pa.; 
Hays, Pa.; Bethany, Phila.; ed. Keystone Herald; chaplain 5th Pa. Inf. 
Span. Am. War; m. Ida Janett Hartman, Oct. 1, 1878; dau. Edna E.; 
res., Phila. 


HAY, CHARLES EBERT, b. Harrisburg, Pa. Oct. 8, 1851; s. Chas. A. 
and Sarah R. (Barnitz) H:; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; D.D., same, 1897; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, 
Fisherville, Pa., 1876-77; St. Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1877-90; St. Matt., 
Allentown, Pa., 1890-98; All Saints, Phila., 1899-04; pastor and ex. head 
Deaconess Motherhouse, Balto., 1904- ; prin., Hanover, Pa., Acad., 
1871-73; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1893-98; bd. Pub. G. S., 1900-18; Deaconess 
bd. G. S., 1904-18, and U. L. C., 1918- ; assoc. ed. Luth. Ch. Wk., 
1908-09; co-author, Hist. E. Pa. Syn., 1893; author, Luther the Re-. 
former, 1898; tr. Luther as Spiritual Advisor, Nebe, 1894: Koestlin, 
Theo. of Luther, 1897: Luther’s Preface to Romans, 1903: Koenig, 
Bible and Babylon, 1903; Diffenbach, Meditations for the Passion Sea- 
son, 1903: Seeberg Hist. of Christ. Doctrine, 1905: Truth of Apostle’s 
Creed, 1916; m. Flora Eugenia Dole, May 10, 1881; dau. Lillian J.; m. 
Anna Margaret Kieffer, May 11, 1899; dau. Margaret L.; res. Balto. 


KELLY, WILLIAM, b. Liverpool, Eng., Dec. 17, 1852; s. Barnard and 
Margaret (Flinn) K.; emigrated, 1854; R. C. Sch., Balto.; Gbg. Sem., 
1873-76; ord. Sus. Syn., 1876; pastor, Espy, Pa., 1876-77; Stewartsville, 
N. J., 1877-84; St. Luke’s, Balto., 1884-91; Hudson, N. Y., 1891-95; All 
Saints, Phila., 1895-99; Oakland, Calif., 1899-03; Oklahoma City, Okla., 
1904-06; m. Marian M. Dewey, 1874; no children; she d. Apr. 15, 1898; 
m. Lillie K. Felts, July 6, 1899; he d. June 28, 1906. 


LaMOTT, DANIEL MARRAMAR, b. York Co., Pa., June 5, 1847; s. John 
H. and Sevilla L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, Woodsboro, Md., 1876-85; m. 
Laura M. Fair, Jan. 5, 1881; d. Jan. 7, 1885. 


453 


1873 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


SIEBER, LEMUEL LUTHER, b. nr. McAlisterville, Pa., Mar. 4, 1850; s. 
Abram and Fanny (Whitmer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1876; D.D., Montezuma U., 1896; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1876; pastor, 
Laransville, Pa., 1876-82; Polo, Ill., 1882-85; Connelsville, Pa., 1885-90; 
Lewisburg, Pa., 1890-95; Luther Mem., Balto., 1918- ; evangelist, 1895- 
15; lecturer, Anti-Saloon League, 1915-18; m. Josaphine Rothrock, June 
29, 1876; children, Anna G., Jno. L., Mary J., Goodell M., Paul R., 
Raymond W., Jeanne V., Helen E.; res., Balto. 


SINGMASTER, JOHN ALDEN. See Faculty, page 330. 


STALL, SYLVANUS, b. Elizaville, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1847; s. Wm. I. and 
Caroline (Tinklepaugh) S.; Hartwick Sem., 1865-66; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1872; Union Sem., 1872-73; Gbg. Sem., 1873-74; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1893; 
ord. Hart. Syn., 1874; pastor, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1874-77; Martins Creek, 
Pa., 1877-80; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1880-88; Balto., 1888-90; assoc. 
ed. Luth. Obs., 1890-91; ed. and pub. Stalls Year Bk., 1884-88; author, 
Methods of Ch. Work, 1887: numerous purity works; founder and prop. 
Vir. Pub. Co., 1897-15; m. Kate Danner Buehler, Sept. 2, 1876; chil- 
dren, Fannie C., Roy; she d. Oct. 27, 1918; he d. Nov. 6, 1915. 


TOMLINSON, BENJAMIN WESLEY, b. Bedford Co., Pa., June 11, 1848; 
s. Jos. W. and Catharine (Ling) T.; Gbg. Col., 1870-71; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1876; lic. Al. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, New Florence, 
Pa., 1876-79; Lockport, N. Y., 1879-80; unmarried; d. Apr. 8, 1880. 


UNGER, GEORGE FREEMAN, b. Milton, Pa., May 26, 1850; s. Geo. and 
Elizabeth U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; d. Dec. 6, 1874. 


WALTERICK, JOSEPH HENRY, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Feb. 5, 1848; s. 
David and Barbara (Meyer) W.; Gbg. and Wit. Cols.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1876; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. Al. Syn., 1876; pastor, Hooversville, 
Pa., 1876-77; Tyrone, Pa., 1877-82; Shellsburg, Pa., 1882-89; Mt. Car- 
mel, Iil., 1889-07; Boone Co., Ky., 1907-10; Loogootee, Ill., 1910-19; 
rt., 1919; pvt. Co. I, 8th Pa. Cavalry, 1864-65; prisoner in Florence, S. 
C., Nov. 22, 1864-Mar. 9, 1865; m. Adaline Rebok, Sept. 23, 1869; 
children, Nannie F., Harriet G., Geo. A., Mary G.; she d. Sept. 13, 
1920; d. Jan. 30, 1926. 


WEAVER, FRANCIS HEYER, b. Newry, Pa., May 20, 1844; s. Geo. and 
Lovina (Fetters) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
ord. 1876; pastor, Grafton, W. Va., 1876-77; miss. to So. Ute Indians, 
1877-78; member Co. C, 53rd Pa. Vol., 1861-64; clerk in War Dept., 
1864-68; chaplain, U. S. A., 1880-97; rt. 1897; maj. ret., 1904; m. 

454 


ALUMNI 1874 


Catharine Schneider, Nov. 30, 1876; children, Louis S., Geo. D., Mar- 
guerite; res., Newry, Pa. 


YOST, THEODORE JETHRO, b. Enochville, N. C., Sept. 12, 1847; s. 
Aaron and Mary, M. (Shullenbarrier) Y.; N. C. Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1875; ord. E. 
Pa. Syn., 1876; pastor, Mahwah, N. J., 1876-84; Manorton, N. Y., 
1884-86; Altamount, N. Y., 1886-94; St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 1894- 
02; rt., 1902; m. Mary Alice Williams, June 28, 1876; children, L. W., 
Horace A., Chas. T., F. I.; res., N. Y. City. 


ZIMMERMAN, JEREMIAH, b. Snydersburg, Md., Apr. 26, 1848; s. Henry 
and Leah (Gladfelter) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1876; D.D., Gbg., Wit. and Sus., 1896; LL.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; L.H.D., 
Sus. U., 1908; lic. Al. Syn., 1875; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1876; pas- 
tor, Valatie, N. Y., 1876-78; 1st, Syracuse, N. Y., 1879-04; spent 10 
yrs. in for. travel, visiting tombs of patriarchs; authority on numis- 
matics; lecturer in U. S. and foreign cities; presented personal lib. of 
over 12,000 vols., including many rare treasures, to Gbg. Sem.; mem- 
ber Victoria Inst., London Author’s Club, Royal Numismatic Soc., Fel- 
low Royal Geographical Society, Am. Author’s Assn., Anthro. Soc. of 
Am., Linguistic Soc.; hon. 33 degree Mason and Gr. Chap. N. Y. 
State; member numerous bds. and coms.; Ist Univ. lecturer in U. S. 
on numismatics and sometime lecturer on same in Syracuse U.; sec. 
com. that drafted Const. and By-Laws of Natl. Fedn. of Chs.; twice 
pres. Syracuse br. Arch. Inst. of Am.; author, Spain and Her People, 
1902: The Rel. Character of Ancient Coins: The God Juggernaut and 
Hinduism in India, 1914: Help When Tempted and Tried, 1918; The 
Presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper, 1919; contr. on Numismatics to 
Std. Dict. and various journals; m. Adele Springstein, 1877; she d. Jan., 
1878; m. Sophia Elizabeth (Cook) Amos, Jan. 21, 1890; res., Syr- 
acuse, N. Y. 

1874 


BURRELL, JAMES LUTHER ALBERT, b. Clinton Co., Pa., June 30, 1847; 
s. Saml. and Lydia B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; Gbg. Sem., 1874; M.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1876; practiced med., Salona, Pa., 1876-78, and Williamsport, 
Pa., 1880-91; m. Margaret Swope of Gbg.; d. 1891. 


CRIST, GEORGE W., b. Markelsville, Pa., Apr. 17, 1848; Sus. U.; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1877; ord. Md. Syn., 1877; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 
1877-79; Duncannon, Pa., 1879-82; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1882-83; Phil- 
ipsburg, Pa., 1883-85; New Millport, Pa., 1885-89; Jennerstown, Pa., 
1889-96; Millersville Pa. 1896-02; Union Deposit, Pa., 1902-06; Walk- 
ersville, Md., 1906-14; m. Anna B. Orr, Dec. 27, 1877; d. July 8, 1914. 


455 


1874 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


FOCHT, JOHN BROWN, b. Chambersburg, Pa., July 20, 1851; s. David 
H. and Susan (Brown) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; Gbg. Sem., 1874-76; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1897; ord. Sus. Syn., 1876; pastor, St. John’s, Lewis- 
town, Pa., 1887-94; Barren Hill, Pa., 1894-99; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1899- 
04, 1917-22; Plantsville, Conn., 1908-17; prin., prep. dept., Gbg. Col., 
1876-77, 1882-87; vice prin., classical dept., Sus. U., 1877-81, and prin., 
1881-82; prof., Sus. Sem., 1901-04, 1922-24; pres., Sus. U., 1904-05; m. 
Elizabeth Born, June 28, 1878; present res., Selinsgrove, Pa.; children, 
Wilfred, Mildred, Catherine, Elizabeth, John H.; she d. Feb. 7, 1925; 
he d. Mar. 10, 1924. 


HANTEL, EDMUND FRANTZ ALBERT, b. Berlin, Ger., Oct. 25, 1837; 
s. Albert and (Von Klepp) H.; Meadville Sem., 314 yrs.; Gbg. Sem., 
1874-75; lic. C. Ill. Syn., 1875; ord. Wart. Syn., 1876; pastorates in 
Ill., Ind., Conn., N. J., Kas., Neb.; m. Sophia Von Constine, 1875; chil- 
dren, Lida A., Albert R., Frances C., Elsie A.. Alma B.; d. Mar. 5, 1922. 


KENDALL, JAMES T., b. Reading, Pa., Apr. 28, 1832; Gbg. Sem., 1874- 
75; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1877; pastor, Beavertown, 
Pa., 1875-76; Fryburg, Pa., 1876-78; m. Mary M. Beidler, Sept. 3, 1852; 
2 daus.; she d. Feb. 24, 1903; he d. Noy. 29, 1914. 


METZGER, WILLIAM SAMUEL TOMS, b. Myersville, Md. Aug. 15, 
1849; s. Wm. and Lydia (Toms) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1877; ord. 1877; pastor, Morristown, I1l., Shanon, Ill., Twin 
Grove, Wis., Funkstown, Md., Jefferson, Md., Thurmont, Md., Dills- 
burg, Pa., Glen Gardner, N. J.; rt., 1922; m. Mary E. Wachtel, Oct. 
17, 1878; children, Wm. W., Jno. M., Chester P., Nina R.; she d. 1912; 
he d. Aug. 1, 1924. 


REMSBERG, WILSON LEE, b. nr. Middletown, Md., Dec. 26, 1848; s. 
Danl. and Catherine (Zimmerman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1877; lic. Md. Syn., 1876; ord. N. Ill, Syn., 1877; pastor, 
Princeton, Ill., 1877-82; Oregon, Ill., 1882-86; So. Dixon, IIl., 1886-88; 
Beatrice, Neb., 1889-94; St. Mark’s, Omaha, Neb., 1894-96; Myers- 
ville, Md., 1896-02; Shanksville, Pa., 1902-03; Santa Barbara, Calif., 
1903-08; Funkstown, Md., 1908- ; member Bk. of Worship com.; com- 
poser ch. music; author, Hist. Remsberg Family in America; m. Katie 
B. Stroh, Dec. 12, 1889; res., Funkstown, Md. 


SPANGLER, WILLIAM MICHAEL, b. nr. Friedens, Pa., Feb. 2, 1849; s. 
Michael and Hannah S.; A.B., Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; ord. 
Al. Syn., 1877; pastor, Jenners, Pa., 1877-82; Friends Cove, Pa., 1882- 
88; Accident, Md., 1888-93; Glasgow, Pa., 1893-94; Salona, Pa., 1894- 


456 


ALUMNI 1874 


1900; Williamsburg, Pa., 1900-05; Beaver Springs, Pa., 1905-07; Seven 
Valleys, Pa., 1907-10; New Florence, Pa., 1910-13; Kimberton, Pa., 
1913-14; Hampstead, Md., 1914-20; rt., 1920; m. Sarah Boucher, Sept. 
18, 1874; children, Nona B., Wm. N., Edson G., Dorsey E., Homer V., 
Susan M., Wellington; d. Apr. 6, 1925. 


STALEY, FREDERICK WALPOLE, b. Plymouth, Pa., Dec. 1, 1844; s. 
John and Sarah S.; member Co. C, 6th Pa. Cav., 1861-63, and 20th Pa. 
Cav., 1864-65; wounded at Gordonsville, 1864; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1876; ord. same, 1877; pastor, 
Columbia, Pa., 1877-81; Martins Creek, Pa., 1881-1885; Watsontown, 
Pa., 1885-90; Middletown, Pa., 1890-05; Ardmore, Pa., 1905-09; E. Lans- 
downe, Pa., 1912-14; miss. supt. E. Pa. Syn., 1909-12; trustee, Tressler 
Orphans’ Home, 1897-16; m. M. Cordelia Freas, June 21, 1877; children, 
F, Walton, John F., Robt. M., Joseph F., Herbert, Bryson P.; d. June 
29, 1920. 


TRAVER, CHESTER HENRY, b. Clinton, N. Y., June 23, 1848; s. Gideon 
A. and Eve T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; instr., Hart. Sem., 1873-74; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1903; lic. N. Y. and N. J. 
Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, Chatham, N. Y., 1876-78; Glen 
Gardner, N. J., 1878-85; St. Peter’s, Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1885-96; Church- | 
town, N. Y., 1896-1905; West Camp, N. Y., 1905-08; Berne, N. Y., 1908- 
19; ret., 1919; trustee, Hart. Sem. sev. yrs.; m. Ida Evadne Jones, 
Sept. 20, 1876; children, Euella, Edna, Ethel, Oliver; res., N. Y. City 
and Hart. Sem. 


WILLIS, JAMES, b. Burksfork, Va., Jan. 1, 1848; s. Jonathon and Arra- 
bella (Phlegar) W.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1874; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1876; ord. Va. Syn., 1877; pastor, Strasburg, Va., 
1877-82; Myersville, Md., 1906-21; rt., 1921; prin., Staunton Female 
Sem., 1882-94; ins. business, 1894-06; Co. I, 14th Va. Inf., 1864-65; m. 
Ione Cordelia Miller, June 29, 1879; children, Thos., Jas. H., Arra- 
bella, Russell, Sidney, Bennett; she d. Aug. 27, 1901; res., Yakoma 
Park, Md. 


WIRT, JOHN ADAM, b. Millersburg, Pa. May 21, 1846; s. Simon W.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; Gbg. Sem., 1874, 1875-76; teaching at Union- 
town, Pa., 1874-75; grad. Sus. Sem., 1877; D.D., Sus. U., 1895; ord. 
Sus. Syn., 1877; pastor, Lykens, Pa., 1877-83; Hughesville, Pa., 1883- 
95; St. John’s, Des Moines, Ia., 1895-08; m. Martha Buehler, June 1, 
1845; children, Ray F., Simon, Guyon B., John; she d. Dec. 15, 1910; 
he d. May 8, 1908. 

457 


1875 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


WOLF, JOSEPH BITTINGER, b. nr. Abbottstown, Pa., Jan. 9, 1848; s. 
J. Geo. and Eleanor C. (Bittinger) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1877; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1906; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1876; ord. 
same, 1877; pastor, Glen Rock, Pa., 1877-17; m. Priscilla Ella Cash- 
man, July 18, 1877; children, Anna E., Joseph H.; d. Feb. 16, 1923. 


YOUNG, JOHN JACOB, b. Langenkandel, Rhenish Bavaria, Sept. 13, 
1846; s. John M. and Catherine Y.; emigrated, c1849; member Pa. Res. 
Art., 1862-65, and N. Y. Engrs., 1865, was twice captured; A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1892; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1876; ord. same, 1877; pastor, Grantsville, Md., 1877-82; St. 
Paul’s, Richmond, Ind., 1882-93; St. John’s, New York, N. Y., 1893-14; 
member Ger. Theo. Sem. bd., 1887-95, Deaconess bd., 1893-03, pub. bd., 
1893-14; trustee, Gbg. Col., 1897-14; m. Louisa Elizabeth Messersmith, 
June 6, 1878; 3 children; d. Mar. 29, 1914. 


1875 


BEARD, MARTIN LUTHER, b. nr. Williamsport, Md., Apr. 26, 1849; s, 
Wm. H. and Susan C. (Byers) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1878; lic. Md. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa., 
1878-81; Burkettsville, Md., 1881-85; Boonsboro, Md., 1885-93; Mid- 
dletown, Md., 1893-06; Thurmont, Md., 1906-15; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
Catherine S. Bowers, June 17, 1880; d. Sept. 2, 1915. 


BOBST, ISAAC WALTON, b. Kutztown, Pa. Apr. 16, 1847; s. David and 
Leah (Deaner) B.; Keystone Nor. Sch., 1869-74; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1879; ord. Md. Syn., 1879; pastor, Harpers Ferry, 1879-80; Lancaster, 
Ill., 1880-83; Clearspring, Md., 1883-90; Lititz, Pa., 1890-1903; Trenton, 
N. J., 1903-14; Ch. of the Ref., Phila., 1914-24; member 128th Pa. Vol., 
1862-63; battles, Antietam, Chancellorsville, White Landing, 11 cavalry 
with Sheridan; captured at Chancellorsville and 10 das. Libby prison; 
member Ist Pa. res. cavalry, 1864-65; captured at White Landing and 
9 mos. in Andersonville and Florence, S. C., prisons; m. Mary Alice 
Holmes, Nov. 23, 1880; children, Catharine, Harry R., Elmer H., Mil- 
dred L., Dorothy L.; her res., Phila.; he d. Nov. 14, 1924. 


CRESSMAN, MARK STETLER, b. Barren Hill, Pa. Apr. 13, 1853; s. 
Geo. W. and Sarah A. (Keely) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Ghg. 
Sem., 1878; D.D., Sus. U., 1910; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1878; pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1878-82; Lincoln, Neb., 1882- 
85; Muncy, Pa. 1885-88; Lyonville, Pa., 1888-95; Lewistown, 
Pa., 1895-25; dir. Gbg. Sem. 20 yrs.; trustee, Sus. U., 15 yrs.; trustee, 
Tressler Qophans’ Home; m. Mary A. Streeper, Dec. 5, 1878; s. Paul 


458 


ALUMNI, 1875 


G.; she d. Oct. 23, 1893; m. Mary L. Mattson, Oct. 9, 1895; children, 
Alivia, Esther, Martin C.; d. Nov. 5, 1925. 


CROLL, JOHN, b. Middletown, Pa. Oct. 4, 1856; s. Geo. and Sarah C.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1878; ord. 1878; pastor, Staun- 
ton, Va., 1880-83; left min., 1884; with Middletown Fur. Co., 1884-95, 
1907- ; farming in Va., 1895-00; tutor, Emaus Orphanage, 1900-07; m. 
L. Ada Reese, 1885; children, Jno., Betty R.; res. Middletown, Pa. 


HAY, EDWARD GRIER, b. Harrisburg, Pa., May 4, 1856; s. Chas. A. 
and Sarah (Barnitz) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1878; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. Al. Syn., 1878; pastor, Huntingdon, Pa., 
1878-81; Pottsville, Pa., 1881-94; Red Hook, N. Y., 1894-07; Buffalo, 
N. Y., 1907-09; Clarksburg, W. Va., 1909-12; Litchfield; Ill., 1912-14; 
Webster City, Ia., 1914-16; St. Matt., Utica, N. Y., 1917-20; Gallup- 
ville, N. Y., 1920-23; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1923- 3; author, Hist. Luth. 
Ch., Pottsville, Pa.; m. Laura Ella Buchanan, Sept. 16, 1879; s. Ed. B.; 
she d. Oct. 19, 1913; m. Louise Hulda Schulze, Sept. 23, 1918; res., 
Rhinebeck, N. Y. 


HOMRIGHAUS, ALBERT, b. Berleburg, Westphalia, Ger., May 1, 1848; 
s. John G. and Katharine (Groh) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1878; D.D., Wit. Col., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. N. Y. 
and N. J. Syn., 1878; pastor, Ger. Luth., Schenectady, N. Y., 1878-79; 
Ger. Luth., Frostburg, Md., 1879-82; Zion, Washn., 1882-1903; Messiah, 
Detroit, Mich., 1903-21; ret., 1921; dir. Wit. Col., 1908-  ; ed. Ger. dept. 
Luth, Evangelist, 1895-1909; asst. tr. Koestlin’s Life of Luther; m. 
Minnie Holle, Aug. 10, 1880; children, Albert H., Ruth F., Esther E., 
4 d.; res., Cleveland, Ohio. 


LERCH, JOHN E., b. Curllsville, Pa., Feb. 28, 1850; s. Nathan W. and 
Mary (Emhoff) L.; Sus. U., 1872-74; Gbg. Col., 1874-75; grad. Gbeg. 
Sem., 1878; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1895; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1878; ord. O. B. 
Syn., 1879; pastor, Ist, Jeffersontown, Ky., 1878-08; rt., 1908; m. 
Susannah Jane Hoover, July 27, 1871; children, Aelpheus B., Luther L., 
Chas. F., Jesse A., Meyrtie M., John E.; res., Rome, O. 


McCUTCHEON, WILLIAM R., Gbg. Sem., 1875-78; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1877; 
ord. same, 1878; pastor, Muncy, Pa., 1878-81; Dansville, N. Y., 1882-90; 
Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1890-92; Circleville, O., 1892-93; ord. deacon, Epise. 
Ch., 1894, and priest, 1895; rector, St. John’s, Lancaster, O.; went to 
Kas., and then to Cincinnati O., where he d. 


SNYDER, JEREMIAH MILTON, b. nr. New Franklin, Pa., May 15, 1848; 
s. Jacob C. and Martha T. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 


459 


1876 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1878; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pastor, Elk Lick, Pa., 
1878-79 ; Myersdale, Pa., 1879-84; Utica, Md., 1884-89; Funkstown, Md.; 
1891-93; Tremont, Pa., 1895-97; Brush Valley, Pa., 1899-05; Mt. Pleas- 
ant, Pa., 1905-08; member Phila. Ambulance Corps, 1898; clerk in 
Homer City, Pa., Natl. Bank, 1908-15; m. Mary E. Shull, Mar. 6, 1879; 
s. Jacob; she d. July 17, 1892; m. Araminta E. Rankin, June 30, 1902; 
no children; author, Hist. Guilford Twp., Franklin Co., Pa.; he d. Feb. 
6, 1916. 


STOCK, CHARLES MILTON, b. nr. New Oxford, Pa., Mar. 16, 1855; s. 
Danl. and Elizabeth (Wolf) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1878; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1898; lic. Al. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pas- 
tor, Blairsville, Pa., 1878-80; Bedford, Pa., 1880-87; St. Mark’s, Han- 
over, Pa., 1887-12; chaplain 5th Pa. N. G., 1883-97; dir. Gbg. Sem., f. 
1885; trustee, Gbg. Col., f. 1894; com. Knights Templar of Pa., 1903- 
04; pres., W. Pa. Syn., 1899-02; m. H. Mary McClean, Feb. 19, 1879; 
children, Mrs. John U. Snively, Meta, McClean, Richard, Donald, Frad.; 
d. June 4, 1913. 


TOMLINSON, DANIEL SMITH ALTMAN, b. nr. St. Clairsville, Pa., 
1846; s. Jos. W. and Catharine (Ling) T.; Gbg. Sem., 1875-77; ord. 
Al. Syn., 1877; pastor, West End, Pa., 1877-84; left min., 1884; some 
yrs. in Wis.; farming after 1884; m. Lavanda Berkheimer, Noy. 30, 
1871; children, Winifred, Fidelia, Martin L., Robt., Stella; her res., 
Buffalo Mills, Pa.; he d. 1918. 


YOUNG, MARTIN LUTHER, b. nr. Middletown, Md., May 14, 1854; s. 
Danl. and Susan C. Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1878; 
Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1890; lic. Md. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; agt. for 
Gbg. Col, 1878-83; pastor, Myersdale, Pa., 1883-02; St. Stephen’s, Cum- 
berland, Md., 1902-04; m. Carrie Melissa Mann, July 14, 1903; no chil- 
dren; d. Dec. 12, 1904. 


1876 


CROLL, PHILIP COLUMBUS, b. nr. Kutztown, Pa., Oct. 2, 1852; s. John 
and Catharine (DeLong) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1879; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1904; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 1879; 
pastor, Womelsdorf, Pa., 1879-82; St. Matt., Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 
1882-92; 7th St., Lebanon, Pa., 1892-1909; 1st, Beardstown, IIl., 1909- 
21; ret., 1921; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home, 6 yrs.; founder and ed. 
The Pa.-Ger., 1900-05; author, Tributes to Luther, 1884: Historic Land- 
marks of the Lebanon Valley, 1895: Art Work of Lebanon Co., 1895: 
Annals of Womelsdorf and Tulpehocken Community, 1923; tr. Delitzsch: 
Jewish Artisan Life and Jesus and Hillel, 1884; asst. tr. Koestlin’s Life 


460 


ALUMNI 1876 


of Luther; m. Sarah A. Greiss, Mar. 11, 1880; children, Edward E., 
Rose W., Herbert G., Aimee K., Raymond P., Paul R., Alden T., Hilda 
M.; res., Womelsdorf, Pa. 


FREY, SAMUEL W., b. Luzerne Co., Pa., Nov. 28, 1849; Bloomsburg 
Nor. Sch.; teaching, 1870-74; m. Alice Croll, c1852; 2 children; d. 
Mar. 20, 1877. 


FRITSCH, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Shamrock, Pa., June 27, 1851; 
s. John and Maria (Glassmeter) F.; Kutztown Nor. Sch.; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1879; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1880; pastor, Lena, 
Ill., 1879-85; Lyon, Pa., 1885-91; Zion’s, Ashland, Pa., 1891-02; Trinity, 
Amsterdam, N. Y., 1902-15; m. Susan G. Shields, July 15, 1880; chil- 
dren, Mrs. David O. Decker, Mrs. Jas. Conant, Emily, Luther, 1 dau. 
d. 1912; d. Apr. 23, 1920. 


HENRY, GEORGE CONRAD, b. Pinegrove, Pa., Feb. 22, 1856; s. Elias 
S. and Sarah A. (Conrad) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1879; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1907; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 1879; 
pastor, Millersburg, Pa., 1879-82; St. John’s, Des Moines, Ia., 1883-94; 
Mem., Shippensburg, Pa., 1894-09; trustee, Irving Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
m. Henrietta Ulrich, June 1, 1880; children, Ruth C., Donald N., Geo. 
H.; d. Jan. 18, 1909. 


JACOBY, JAMES CALVIN, b. Mulberry, Ind., Nov. 23, 1850; s. Moses 
and Christiana (Kauffman) J.; Wabash Col., 1870-74; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., 1895; lic. 1878; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 
1879; pastor, Zanesville, Ind., 1879-83; Walton, Ind., 1883-86; West 
Point, Neb., 1886-88; Nebraska City, Neb., 1888-92; Newton, Ia., 1892- 
96; Webster City, Ia., 1896-1900; Sedalia, Mo., 1900-04; Queen City, 
Mo., 1905-12; Wellington, Kas., 1912-22; Canon City, Col., 1922-25; m. 
Martha M. Seybold, Aug. 19, 1875; dau. Lelia R.; she d. Apr. 13, 1901; 
m. Mrs. Sophia L. Bloess, Dec. 25, 1902; m. Lilly M. Robbins, May 27, 
1925; res., Holyoke, Col. 


MELCHOR, OLIVER HOFFMAN, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Dec. 23, 1848; s. 
Tobias and Susanna (Hoffman) M.; stud. Lafayette Col.; A.B., Gbeg. 
Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 
1879; pastor, Springtown, Pa., 1879- ; m. Mary Elizabeth Montfort, 
Oct. 14, 1880; children, David M., Wm. T., Chas. C., May S.; res., 
Springtown, Pa. 


PROBST, LUTHER KOLB, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Oct. 15, 1857; s. John 
F. and Anna R.. (Kolb) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1879; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1901; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 1879; 


461 


1876 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


pastor, St. Andrew’s, Charleston, S. C., 1879-87; Columbus, O., 1903-08 ; 
Grace, Fairmount, W. Va., 1908-15; gen. sec. so. miss. bd., 1887-03; m. 
Emma G. Wood, Apr. 28, 1881; children, John F., Carrie M., Emily 
W., Mrs. Thos. E. Middleton; d. Feb. 1, 1920. 

ROSENSTENGEL, WILLIAM, b. Asel, Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger., Dec. 25, 
1846; s. August and Katharine (Best) R.; emigrated, 1867; Carthage 
Col., 1871-76; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., Carthage Col., 1901; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1880; pastor, Fulton Co., Ill, 1879- 
81; Nebraska City, Neb., 1881-84; Grand Island, Neb., 1884-88; Al- 
buquerque, N. M., 1888-92; Beardstown, IIl., 1892-97; Carthage and 
Pittsfield, Ill.; ed. Luth. Zions Bote, 1898-21; m. Margaret Walter, 
Aug. 23, 1881; children, Mary S., Margaret, Minnie; d. Oct. 23, 1921. 


SHIPMAN, WILLIAM ALFRED, b. Springfield, N. J., Sept. 9, 1852; s. 
Wm. and Ann Elizabeth (Young) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1900; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. 
same, 1879; pastor, Grafton, W. Va., 1880-83; Frostburg, Md., 1883-86; 
Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1886-90; Ist, Johnstown, Pa., 1890-11; trustee, Gbg. 
Col., 1897- ; sometime dir. Tressler Orphanage and Gbg. Sem.; m. 
Annie L. Breidenbaugh, May 20, 1880; child, M. Martineau; res., 
Johnstown, Pa. 


SMITH, SAMUEL EDWARD, b. Lovettsville, Va., Jan. 17, 1853; s. Wm. 
and Caroline M. (Wenner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1879; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1879; pastor, Polo, Ill., 1879-80; Macomb, IIL, 
1880-82; Elvira, Ia., 1882-87; Ponca, Neb., 1887-88; Newport, Pa., 1889- 
94; Punxsutawney, Pa., 1895-99; Lamartine, Pa., 1899-05; Milvale, Pa., 
1905-11; Idaville, Pa., 1911-14; Leighton, Pa., 1914-16; m. Fannie 
Jeannette Musselman, May 5, 1881; s. Saml. E.; she d. Jan. 23, 1885; 
m. Clara (Fulton) Huntington, Apr. 17, 1889; children, Raymond, Win- 
fred, Donald V.; he d. Mar. 11, 1916. 


WEIGLE, ELIAS DANIEL, b. Adams Co., Pa., Jan. 19, 1848; s. Christian 
and Elizabeth W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; prof., Sus. U., 1875-76; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1878; D.D., Sus. U., 1894;, and Gbg. Col., 1899; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pastor, Littlestown, Pa., 1878-87; 1st, Al- 
toona, Pa., 1887-96; Trinity, Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1896-12 Trinity, Camp 
Hill, Pa., 1912-23; dir. Gbg. Sem.; prof., Irving Col., 1898-02; m. Han- 
nah M. Bream, Oct. 16, 1879; children, Rev. Luther A.; Danl. E., Har- 
riet E.; d. Aug. 27, 1923. 


YUTZY, JACOB, b. Myersdale, Pa. May 24, 1847; s. Jacob and Maria 
(Pfeil) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., Hart. 
462 


ALUMNI 1877 


Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1878; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1879; pastor, Boalsburg, 
Pa., 1879-82; Selinsgrove, Pa., 19 yrs., pastor and prof.; Peoria, IIl.; 
Carthage, Ill.; Salinas, Calif., 1919-23; author, Luther as Preacher, 
L. Q.; m. Mary Julia Ida Breidenbaugh, Oct. 6, 1880; children, Mary 
E., Anna K., Edward; res., Trinidad, Wash. 


1877 


ALBRIGHT, GEORGE H., b. Blair Co., Pa., Jan. 22, 1852; A.B., Carthage 
Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; lic. Al. Syn., 1879; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 
1880; pastor, Mt. Carmel, Ill., 1880-84; Beatrice, Neb., 1884-88; Rising 
City, Neb., 1888-90; Lincoln, Neb., 1890-98; Roca, Neb., 1898-99; m. 
Almira Jane Acker, Nov. 4, 1880; 2 daus.; d. Oct. 24, 1899. 


BAUM, WILLIAM MILLER, JR., b. Winchester, Va. June 30, 1858; s. 
Wm. M. and Maria L. (Croll) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1880; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 
1880; pastor, Central, Phoenixville, Pa., 1880-83; St. Mark’s, Canajo- 
harie, N. Y., 1883- ; trustee, Hart. Sem., 24 yrs.; pres. bd., Hart. 
Sem., 15 yrs.; unmarried; res., Canajoharie, N. Y. 


FREEMAN, GEORGE RUDOLPH, b. Hunterstown, Pa., Sept. 20, 1850, 
s. Saml. and Maria (Wetzel) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; stud. Yale, 
1876-77; Gbg. Sem., 1877-c79; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1877-78; prin., Female 
Sem., Gbg., Pa., 1879-81; B.D., Yale, 1885, Harvard, 1889; A.M., Yale, 
1886, Harvard, 1890; Hooker Fellow at U. of Berlin, 1886-88; prof., 
Bethlehem, Pa., Acad., 1881; prof., Meadville, Pa., Theo. Sch., 1890-98 ; 
m. Mary Elizabeth Wilcox, June, 1886; she was prof. Meadville Theo. 
Sch., 1898-01; her present res., Northborough, Mass.; he d. Apr. 10, 1898. 


FURST, MARTIN LUTHER, b. nr. Salona, Pa., Jan. 13, 1844; s. Saml. 
and Mary F.; Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1879; 
ord. same, 1880; pastor, Hartleton, Pa., 1880-84; Salona, Pa., 1884-86; 
Monongahela City, Pa., 1886-90; Fayetteville, Pa., 1892-95; Ramapo, N. 
Y., 1895-1900; Ray’s Hill, Pa., 1902-04; Brandonville, W. Va., 1904-06; 
Butler, Ind., 1906-08; m. Austa Elder, Sept. 20, 1888; s. Gordon; d. 
Oct. 8, 1908. 


FURST, SAMUEL EGGERS, b. near Salona, Pa., Dec. 20, 1838; s. Saml. 
and Mary F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; teaching and studying law, 1863-67; 
admitted to the bar, 1867, and practiced at Williamsport, Pa., 1867-77; 
Gbg. Sem., 1877-78; ord. Sus. Syn., 1878; pastor, Bellefonte, Pa., 1878- 
86; New Berlin, Pa., 1886-90; Schellsburg, Pa., 1890-94; m. S. Alice 
Bowman, June 4, 1872; she d.; m. Emma Amelia Oldt, Sept. 29, 1892; 
d. Aug. 14, 1894. 


463 


1877 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


KAUTZ, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Baden, Ger., June 8, 1851; s. Henry 
and Magdalena (Longyear) K.; emigrated, 1854; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1879; ord. Al. Syn., 
1880; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 1880-88; 2nd, Carlisle, Pa., 1888-90; 
Millersburg, Pa., 1890-95; Beaver Springs, Pa., 1895-98; Seven Val- 
leys, Pa., 1898-07; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1907-11; Lairdsville, Pa., 1912-17; 
supply, Windsor Park, York, Pa., and Spry, Pa., 1918-21; m. Minerva 
Hilliard, Aug. 26, 1880; children, Arlington W., Eugene C., Paul H., 
Roy M., Florence M., 1 d.; d. Apr. 10, 1921. 


KOLLER, WILLIAM C., b. York Co., Pa. Aug. 14, 1852; s. Henry and 
Anna M. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; d. May 8, 1878. 


LEWARS, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Mobrsville, Pa., Nov. 5, 1849; s. Jas. 
and Catherine (Snyder) L.; Dickinson Sem.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 1880; pastor, S. Easton, Pa., 1880-81; 
Macungie, Pa., 1881-82; Mahanoy City, Pa., 1882-86; Lititz, Pa., 1886- 
90; Annville, Pa., 1890-97; m. Valeria Steck, Feb. 2, 1881; children, 
Harold, Ralph, Chas.; d. Mar. 18, 1897. 


RENTZ, WILLIAM FRAZENIUS, b. nr. Montgomery, Pa., Sept. 2, 1851; 
s. Peter and Lydia R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; 
ord. 1880; pastor, New Chester, Pa., Lionville, Pa., Atchison, Kas., 
Port Arthur, Tex., Pottsville, Pa. St. Jnos., Williamsport, Pa.; rt., 
1919; m. Susan Snavely, Sept. 30, 1880; children, Geo., Marie, Helen; 
d. Jan. 27,1925. 


SHARP, HENRY, b. Cromford, Eng., Sept. 13, 1850; s. Robt. and Mary 
A. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; Gbg. Sem., 1877-79; lic. Hart. Syn., 1879; 
ord. same, 1880; supply Chatham, N. Y., 1879-80; Sandyville, O., 1886- 
87; pastor, Morristown, N. Y., 1880-81; Pottawatomie, Kas., 1881-82; 
Hays City, Kas., 1882-84; Washn., O., 1885-86; Grace, Brooklyn, N. Y., 
1887-94; farming near Manhattan, Kas., 1895-14; d. Oct. 15, 1914. 


SHINDEL, ALTER YOUNG, b. Sunbury, Pa., May 16, 1858; s. M. Luther 
and Catherine L. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; d. May 8, 1878. 


SORG, CHARLES, f. Kenton, O.; to Mo. Syn.; at Hemlock, Mich., 1883- 
85; Weyanwega, Wis., 1886; Merrill, Wis., 1887; Milwaukee, Wis., 
1888-92; dropped by Wis. Dist. Mo. Syn., 1888. 


STINE, MILTON HENRY, b. E. Prospect, Pa., Sept. 4, 1853; s. Adam 
and Barbara (Schoenberger) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1880; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; D.D., Sus. U., 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 


464 


ALUMNI 1873 


1879; ord. 1880; pastor, Maytown, Pa., 1880-83; Lebanon, Pa., 1883-92, 
1908-15; Los Angeles, Calif., 1892-95; Harrisburg, Pa., 1895-04; Al- 
toona, Pa., 1905-08; Wilmington, Del., 1915-20; Hollywood, Calif., 
1920- ; prof., Irving Col., 1 yr.; author, Studies on the Rel. Probs, of 
Our Country: Winter Jaunt Through Historic Lands: The Niemans: 
The Devil’s Bride: The Fortunes of a Foundling; dir. Gbg. Sem., 
1895-1904; m. Mary J. Atland, June 24, 1880; children, Chas. M., Walter 
S.; res., Hollywood, Calif. 


TRUMP, CHARLES SAMUEL, b. Manchester, Md., Mar. 6, 1856; s. Geo. 


and Elizabeth (Krantz) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1880; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; lic. Md. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 1880; pas- 
tor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1880-82; Centerville, Pa., 1882-88; St. 
John’s, Martinsburg, W. Va., 1888-19; trustee, Irving Col. and Luth. 
Home for the Aged, Washn.; m. Eva S. Schick, Mar. 6, 1883; children, 
Harold, Chas., Frank, Mrs. Boss., Bessie; d. Oct. 5, 1919. 


WEST, JONATHAN ALBERT, b. McAlisterville, Pa. Oct. 8, 1851; s. 


Jonathan and Sarah (Snyder) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; Gbg. Sem., 
1877-78; Sus. U., 1878-79; ord. Sus. Syn., 1879; pastor, Liberty Center, 
Ta., Lyons Sta., Ind., Bryant, Ind., Loudonville, O., Convoy, O., Mont- 
pelier, O., Monroeville, Ind., Berrien Springs, Mich., Corunna, Ind.; 
prof., Carthage Col., 1883-84; rt., 1914; m. K. Elizabeth Baker, July 4, 
1877; children, Maurice B., Paul H., Mary G.; she d. Mar. 15, 1923; m. 
Katherine Louise Stolz, May 29, 1924; res., Montpelier, O. 


WILE, HENRY BARR, b. Pinegrove, Pa., Mar. 6, 1855; s. Henry and 


Elizabeth (Barr) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1898; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 1880; pastor, 
College Hill, Easton, Pa., 1880-85; Staunton, Va., 1885-86; 1st, Carlisle, 
Pa., 1886-99; trustee, Gbg. Col., and Tressler Orphans’ Home; dir. Gbg. 
Sem.; member bd. ch. ext. G. S.; m. Carrie Louisa Fahnestock, Nov. 
10, 1880; d. Oct. 26, 1899. 


1878 


ASPER, JOHN ULRICH, b. Adams Co., Pa., Nov. 21, 1849; s. Absalom 
and Sarah (Plank) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa., 1881-87; 
Salem, Md., 1887-91; Utica, Md., 1892-05; Lemasters, Pa., 1905-13; 
m. Ella May Bush, Dec. 30, 1884; dau. Nellie R.; d. June 9, 1921. 


BELL, ALBERT, b. nr. Leitersburg, Md. Sept. 28, 1855; s. Jonas and 


Catharine A. (Mickley) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1881; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1916; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1882; pas- 


465 


1878 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


tor, Reisterstown, Md., 1881-84; Newton, Ia., 1884-87; Williamsport, 
Pa., 1888-90; Boiling Springs, Pa., 1890-93; St. Luke’s, York, Pa., 
1894-  ; m. Elizabeth C. Cashman, Feb. 8, 1882; children, W. A. Rus- 
sell, Albert D., Ralph E., Katharine A.; res., York, Pa. 


DELP, WILLIAM SPEECE, b. Chalfont, Pa., Nov. 19, 1847; Gbg. Col., 
1871-73; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; 
pastor, Chalfont, Pa., 1881-82; Uniontown, Md., 1882-90; Long Val- 
ley, N. J., 1891-19; m. Margaret J. Knecht, Oct. 21, 1881; children, 
Mrs. E. C. Welsh, Edna; d. Feb. 10, 1920. 


DYSINGER, HOLMES, b. Mifflintown, Pa., Mar. 26, 1853; s. Jos. and 
Mary (Patterson) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1882; 
Leipsic U., 1910; D.D., Wit. Col., 1889; LL.D., Midland Col., 1917; lic. 
C. Pa. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Polo, Ill., 1895-1900; Ist, 
Kansas City, Mo.; tch., Pa. Schs., 1870-75; prof., Gbg. Acad., 1878-82; 
prof., N. C. Col., 1882-83; prof., Newberry Col., 1883-88; prof., So. 
Sem., 1884-88; pres., Carthage Col. 1888-95; prof., Western Sem., 
1905- ; dean same, 1910- ; mem. Com. Adj., U. L. C., 1918-  ; m. 
Ada Frances Ray, Sept. 22, 1886; children, Mary R., Cornelia, Margaret 
E., Helen F., Dorothy H.; res., Fremont, Neb. 


GETTLE, WILLIAM G., b. Lincoln, Pa., Jan. 27, 1850; A.B., Carthage 
Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. Al. Syn., 
1881; pastor, Addison, Pa., 1881-83; Fryburg, Pa., 1883-85; Green- 
ville, O., 1885-89; m. Rosa A. Snyder, Sept. 28, 1881; six children; d. 
Dec. 13, 1916. 


GLANDING, WILLIAM MARQUARD BEETEM, b. Altoona, Pa. May 
27, 1856; s. John N. and Caroline A. G.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1878; 
Phi Beta Kappa; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; lic. Al. Syn., 1880; ord. C. 
Pa. Syn., 1881; pastor, Newport, Pa., 1881-84; Lock Haven, Pa., 1884- 
87; St. Jas., Ashland, Pa., 1889-98; St. Matt., York, Pa., 1898-02; Grace, 
Scranton, Pa., 1903; Ist Eng., Syracuse, N. Y., 1903-13; Bellefonte, 
Pa., 1913-17; prof. Midland Col., 1887-89; m. Annie E. Howe, June 5, 
1883; dau., Margaret L.; d. Sept. 23, 1917. 


GLAZE, ALFRED RAUP, b. Turbotville, Pa. May 22, 1853; s. Stephen 
and Rachel (Raup) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; Gbg. Sem., 1878-80; ord. 
Sus. Syn., 1880; pastor, New Berlin, Pa., 1880-83; Fayette, N. Y., 1883- 
88; Martins Creek, Pa., 1888-94; Espy, Pa., 1894-97; Jersey Shore, Pa., 
1900-03; trav. salesman, 1903-18; united with Presby. Ch. June, 1922; 
m. Emma Jane Seidel, June 22, 1880; children, Ruth, Naomi, Esther, 
Paul, Luther, Raymond; res., Jersey Shore, Pa. 


466 


ALUMNI 1878 


HARTMAN, JAMES ALBERT, b. Adams Co., Pa. Sept. 27, 1854; s. 
Moses and Elizabeth (Rebert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg 
Sem., 1881; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; pastor, Lamertine, 
Pa., 1882-84; Emporia, Kas., 1884-85; St. Thomas, Pa., 1885-96; Bell- 
wood, Pa., 1886-98; Sunbury, Pa., 1898- ; m. Ida Belle Hamsher, Apr. 
10, 1888; s. Paul H.; res., Sunbury, Pa. 


LENTZ, HUALPHA MAXIMUS, b. nr. Statesville, N. C., Apr. 20, 1851; s. 
Jacob and Catherine L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1880; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1881; pastor, Mt. Morris, Ill, 
1881-83; Eureka, Kas., 1883-84; Fairfield, Ia., 1884-88; Florence, Ky., 
1890-1900; Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1900-02; fin. sec., Carthage Col., 
1888-89; m. Mary S. Long, June 20, 1882; children, Ruth L., Mary K., 
Luther H.; she d. Sept., 1892; m. Mrs, Laura M. (Fair) LaMott, Oct. 
25, 1894; s. John M.; ed. and mgr. Luth. World, 1898-1900; author, 
Hist. Luth, Ch. in Boone Co., Ky., 1902; he d. Sept. 9, 1902. 


McCONNELL, CHAMBERS LUTHER, b. Port Royal, Pa. May 4, 1854; 
s. Danl. and Anna C. (Sailor) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1881; D.D., Sus. U., 1905; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; 
pastor, Yeagertown, Pa., 1881-86; Belleville, Pa., 1886-97; Mifflinburg, 
Pa., 1897-06; miss. in N. D., 1906- ; m. Harriet Haslett, Mar. 29, 1882; 
children, Danl. L., Helen C., Paul H.; res., Church’s Ferry, N. D. 


ROTH, OLIVER CORNELIUS, b. Orefield, Pa., Jan. 27, 1855; s. Cornelius 
and Caroline (Westco) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1881; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1881; pastor, Silver Run, Md., 1881-83; Trinity, Taneytown, Md., 1883- 
89; Grace, Balto., 1889-98; Ist, Altoona, Pa., 1898-08; 1st, Chambers- 
burg, Pa., 1908-15; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; 
member bd, For. Miss.; m. Grace C. Harper, Dec. 14, 1881; she d. Feb. 
26, 1914; he d. July 10, 1915. 


SHETLER, DANIEL AUGUSTUS, b. Reading, Pa. May 12, 1856; s. Danl. 
and Amanda S.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1878; Gbg. Sem., 1878-79; ord. 
Sus. Syn., 1882; pastor, Saddle River, N. J., 1882-86; Shenandoah, Pa., 
1886-88; Nokomis, IIll., 1888-91; Quincy, Ill., 1891-96; applied to Episc. 
Ch. in Phila. for Holy Orders Jan. 9, 1899, but name subsequently re- 
moved; res. unknown. 


STUMP, ADAM, b. nr. York, Pa. July 7, 1854; s. Adam and Mary 
(Geesey) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; D.D., Sus. 
U., 1903; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 
1881-83; York Springs, Pa., 1883-85; North Platte, Neb., 1885-90; 


467 


1879 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Quickel’s chge., York Co., Pa., 1890-22; trustee, York Co., Acad.; m. 
Emma Orlena Yount, Oct. 13, 1881; children, Earle, Orlena, Eugene, 
Raymond, Theda, Florence; d. Mar. 18, 1922. . 


1879 


BARCLAY, EDWARD E., lic. Mia. Syn., 1884; ord. S. C. Syn, 1886; 
pastor, Newark, O., 1884-86; Augusta, Ga., 1886-88; at Guyton, Ga., 
1888, and dismissed to Ga. Syn.; name does not appear after 1890. 


BROWN, THOMAS SHANNON, b. Wythe Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1857; s. 
Jos. and Sarah (Hudson) B.; A.B., Roanoke Col.; grad. Gbg. Col., 
1882; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1882; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
Charlotte, N. C., 1882-89; Roanoke, Va., 1890-95; Mt. Zion, Pgh. Pa., 
1895-09; Lexington, S. C., 1909-13; Burlington, N. C., 1913-22; Flor- 
ence, S. C., 1922- ;m. Lucy Dillord, May 27, 1886; res., Florence, S. C. 


DELK, EDWIN HEYL, b. Norfolk, Va. Aug. 15, 1859; s. Ed. H. and 
Margaret (Esher) D.; A.B., Cent. H. S., Phila., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1882; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1904; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1882; pastor, Schoharie, 
N. Y., 1882-85; Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 1885-02; St. Matt., Phila., 
1902- ; member Deaconess Bd., 1890-  ; dir. Home for Aged, Washn. ; 
dir. Gbg. Sem.; pres. bd. same, 1925- ; sometime lecturer Temple U.; 
member com. on Int. Justice and Gd. Will, Fed. Coun. of Chs., 1910- ; 
pres. Phila. Fed. of Chs.; author, Three Vital Problems: New Pagan- 
ism and the Old Faith: Need of a Restatement of Theology: Life of 
Chas, Albert, D.D.; m. Ella Buehler, 1883; children, Ed. B., Margaret 
E.; she d. 1901; m. Adeline Grim Miller, 1905; res., Phila. 


DIVENS, GEORGE SCHMUCKER, b. Duncannon, Pa., Feb. 10, 1860; s. 
Wm. H. and Sarah (Shoup) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1882; D.D., W. Ia. Col., 1910; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1882; 
asst. Christ, N. Y. City, 1888-90; pastor, Boalesburg, Pa., 1882-84; Atch- 
ison, Kas., 1884-87; Salona, Pa., 1887-88; Carey, O., 1890-91; Wilber, 
Neb., 1891-92; Statesville, N. C., 1895-96; Trenton, Miss., 1897-00; 
Olney, Ill., 1900-01; Blacksburg, Va., 1905-06; Ickesburg, Pa., 1908-13; 
rt., 1913; m. Lulu Stebbins, 1891; children, Geo. S., Ruth A.; res., 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 


EWALD, PETER, b. Syracuse, N. Y., July 28, 1856; A.B., Carthage Col., 
1879; irr. Gbg. Sem., 1879-84; lic. Kan. Syn., 1886; ord. Neb. Syn., 
1888; pastor, Ottawa, Kas., 1886-87; Long Island, Kas., 1887-88; Or- 
leans, Neb., 1888-89; Stella, Neb., 1889-91; Punxsutawney, Pa., 1891-94; 
m. Clara Ann Scheffer, Jan. 31, 1888; children, Paul P., Mark S.; d. 
June 14, 1900. 

468 


ALUMNI 1880 


FELTON, EPHRAIM, b. Everett, Pa., Aug. 24, 1857; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1882; lic. Al. Syn., 1881; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1882; pastor, West Fairview, Pa., 1882-83; St. Paul’s, Balto., 1883-87; 
St. Jas., Ashland, Pa., 1887-89; Messiah, Balto., 1889-15; m. Jane E. 
Kerr, Nov. 21, 1882; d. Dec. 20, 1915. 


GAVER, MARTIN DANIEL, b. Burkettsville, Md., Nov. 14, 1849; s, Danl. 
and Margaret C. (Shafer) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem.,: 
1882; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1882; pastor, Mt. Holly 
Springs, Pa., 1882-90; Williamsport, Md., 1890-10; Belleville, O., 1910- 
12; Orrville, O., 1912-20; London, O., 1920-23; m. Emma J. Fair- 
banks, 1882; children, Mary, Ella, Carroll; d. Nov. 28, 1923. 


HANKEY, UPTON AUGUSTUS LUTHER EYLER, b. Two Taverns, Pa., 
Nov. 4, 1856; s. John A. and Margaret C. (Eyler) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
1879; Gbg. Sem., 1879-81; B.D., Maywood Sem., 1914; D.D., Gbg. Col., 
1909; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Idaville, Pa., 1884-90; 
Connellsville, Pa., 1890-95; Bendersville, Pa., 1895-02; 1st, New Ken- 
sington, Pa., 1902-16; m. Hannah M. Gettier, July 27, 1884; she d. 
Aug. 12, 1921; he d. Jan. 3, 1916. 


KUHLMAN, LUTHER. See Faculty, page 331. 


OBERHOLTZER, HORACE MANN, b. Lionville, Pa.; s. Elias and Cath- 
arine (Acker) O.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1882; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1881; ord. 
same, 1882; pastor, Tyrone, Pa., 1882-91; Logansport, Ind., 1891-93; 
Salina, Kas., 1893-98; Troy, N. Y., 1898-1921; actg. Woodstock, N. Y., 
1921- ; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1908; m. Elizabeth R. Whitehead, Sept. 18, 
1890; dau. Katherine A.; res., Schenectady, N. Y. 


SHRADER, ALBERT B., b. Mt. Carmel, IIl., Nov. 10, 1854; s. Peter F. 
and Cordelia (Ray) S.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1882; D.D., Midland Col., 1913; lic. Al. Syn., 1881; ord. Neb. Syn., 
1882; pastor, Ponca, Neb., 1882-86; Grand Island, Neb., 1886-89; 
Cedar Rapids, Ia., 1889-92; Nevada, Ia., 1892-1900; Lawrence, Kas., 
1900-01; Shelby, O., 1901-04; Children’s Mem., Kansas City, Mo., 1905- 
09; Oregon, Ill., 1910-11; Trinity, Kansas City, Kas., 1911-17; St. 
Johns, Kansas City, Mo., 1922- ; field sec., Carthage Col., 1904-05; 
assoc. Kountze Mem., Omaha, Neb., 1918-19; ret., 1919-22; m. Hattie 
F, Tillapaugh, Apr. 26, 1883; children, Helen, Ruth, Harlan, Naomi; 
res., Kansas City, Mo. , 

1880 

BOWERS, GEORGE SPENER, b. Jefferson, Md., Aug. 3, 1858; s. Henry 
and Matilda (Feidt) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1880; Gbg. Sem., 1880-82; 
D.D., Roanoke Col., 1908; tutor, Burkittsville Female Sem., 1882-84; 


469 


1880 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Grafton, W. Va., 1884-85; 
Upper Frankford, Pa., 1885-88; St. Luke’s, York, Pa., 1888-93; St. 
Mark’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1893-02; Grace, Winchester, Va., 1902-18; 
Incarnation, Balto., 1918- ; m. Frances Annette Dorey, Oct. 8, 1884; 
children, Ethel M., Melville D., G. Hubert; res., Balto. 


EYLER, CLARENCE ALBERT, b. Waynesboro, Pa., Jan. 29, 1858; s. 
David and Christiana (Kurtz) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1883; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. Ia. Syn., 1883; pastor, Ely, Ia., 
1883-85; Lisbon, Ia., 1885-87; Minneapolis, Kas., 1887-89; Leavenworth, 
Kas., 1889-91; Trenton, N. J., 1892-94; rt., 1894; m. Myrtle A. Bos- 
ton, Aug. 10, 1886; no children; res., Collingswood, N. J. 


FISCHER, AUGUST HERMANN FRANCKE, b. Berlin, Pa., Nov. 2, 1854; 
s. John H. and Anna E. (Gilbert) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1883; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; lic. Al. Syn., 1882; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 
1883; pastor, New Bloomfield, Pa, 1883-89; Barren Hill, Pa., 1889-94; 
St. Paul’s, Easton, Pa., 1894-1913; Phoenixville, Pa., 1915-25; trustee, 
Tressler Orphans’ Home, 4 yrs.; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1899-1925; m. Annie E. 
C. Picking, Oct. 30, 1884; s. Harry A. P.; d. Nov. 5, 1925. 


FLECK, LINDLEY NEFF, b. Sinking Valley, Pa., Nov. 14, 1850; s. Ga- 
briel and Rebecca (Stoner) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1884; D.D., Sus. U., 1910; lic. Al. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; pastor, 
Rockwood, Pa., 1885-88; Friends Cove, Pa., 1888-92; Nippenose Val- 
ley, Pa., 1892-94; Stoystown, Pa., 1894-04; Zion, Center Co., Pa., 1905- 
10; Newry, Pa., 1910-13; E. Altoona, Pa., 1913-16; Pine Grove Mills, 
Pa., 1916-19; rt., 1919; tutor, Sus. U., 1881-82, and Gbg. Prep., 1882-84; 
m. Emma E. Henderson, Apr. 21, 1886; no children; res. Tyrone, Pa. 


HEISLER, CHARLES WASHINGTON, b. Minersville, Pa., May 16, 1857; 
s. Wm. L. and S. H. H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; Gbg. Sem., 1880-83; 
D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1900; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pas- 
tor, Belleville, Pa., 1883-86; 1st, Los Angeles, Calif., 1886-92; 1st, Colo. 
Springs, Colo., 1892; St. Paul’s, Denver, Colo., 1892-98; 1st, Albany, 
N. Y., 1901-09; supt. ref. force, Denver, Colo., 1898-99; pres. Sus. U., 
1899-01; m. Anna M. Bingham, Aug. 13, 1884; children, Anna M., 
Chas.; tr. Gerhard’s Sac. Meditations, 1896; author, Passion of Our 
Lord, 1904; d. May 16, 1909. 


HOCKER, MARTIN PETER, b. Union Deposit, Pa., Oct. 1, 1853; s. Geo. 
and Barbara (Martin) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1883; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1909; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; 
pastor, St. John’s, Steelton, Pa., 1883-14; Upper Dublin, Ambler, Pa., 


470 


ALUMNI 1880 


1914- ; tutor, Emaus Orphanage, Middletown, Pa., 1914-22; m. Millie 
A. Farnsler, July 5, 1883; children, Geo., Martin L. Mary, Leona, 
Frances W., John S.; res., Ambler, Pa. 


MAURER, JACOB EVAN, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Oct. 27, 1854; s. Jere- 
miah and Susannah (Bowman) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1883; lic. Al. Syn., 1882; ord. Kan. Syn., 1883; pastor, Lawrence, 
Kas., 1883-84; Hardy, Neb., 1885-90; Washington, Kas., 1890-91; Grace, 
Butler, Pa., 1891-92; Miss. Supt. Pgh. S. Syn., 1893-95; pastor, Trinity, 
Boonsboro, Md., 1895-1903; Lititz, Pa., 1903-09; Mt. Carroll, Ill., 1909- 
11; Minerva, O., 1911-14; Lovettsville, Va., 1914-18; Stoyestown, Pa., 
1918-22; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1822- ; m. Annie Hester Harris, 
Sept. 29, 1885; children, Margaret L., Ruth M., Mary W., Theodore C.; 
she d. July 17, 1906; m. Alice Stormfeltz, July 27, 1909; res., Mt. Holly 
Springs, Pa. 


McSHERRY, GEORGE W., b. E. Berlin, Pa., Dec. 10, 1854; s. Michael 
and Susannah (Weaver) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1883; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Bendersville, 
Pa., 1883-90; Taneytown, Md., 1890-96; Boiling Springs, Pa., 1898-1903; 
Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 1903-10; N. Washn., Pa., 1910-15; New Florence, 
Pa., 1915-18; New Berlin, Pa., 1918- ; m. Endora Lucas, Dec. 19, 
1882; children, Estelle E., Naomi P., Hubert L.; res., New Berlin, Pa. 


METZGER, JOHN ALBERT, b. Manchester, Pa., Apr. 5, 1855; s. Zachar- 
ias and Maria M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1883; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, W. Manheim, Pa., 1883-08; 
m. Mamie C. Culp, Sept. 25, 1884; children, Paul, Ruth; d. Apr. 2, 1909. 


POFFINBERGER, MARTIN L., suspended by faculty, Dec. 1, 1882; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1882, but withdrawn, 1883; entered ministry Episc. Ch.; now d. 


SCOTT, WILLIAM DOSH EARNSHAY, b. Adams Co., Pa., Feb. 6, 1856; 
s. Hugh G. and Elizabeth (Eyler) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1883; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Loysville, Pa., 
1883-1906; Tressler Orphans’ Home, 1907-15; Bendersville, Pa., 1916- 
23; ret., 1923; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; m. Laura Edwards 
Pfeffer, Nov. 20, 1884; children, Hugh P., Helen E., Paul E., Wm. E., 
Luther H., Jas. H., Mary J., Ruth K., Harry C.; res., Gettysburg. 


TROXELL, MILLARD FRANCIS, b. Cumberland, Md., Oct. 25, 1857; s. 
John and Christina (Sponseller) T.; A.B. Gbg. Col., 1880; Gbg. Sem., 
1880-82; D.D., Carthage Col., 1894; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 
1883; pastor, Eureka, Kas., 1882-84; Kansas City, Mo., 1884-88; Spring- 


471 


1881 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


field, Ill., 1889-99; St. Joseph, Mo., 1899-1904; Topeka, Kas., 1912-16; 
Valley Falls, Kas., 1920-21; Denver, Col., 1921-24; Chaplain, Ill. State 
Senate, 1894-96; pres., Midland Col., 1904-12; chaplain Topeka State 
Hospital, 1914-16; chaplain and supt. Boys’ Ind. Sch., Topeka, Kas., 
1916-20; m. Julia Thompson Forney, Oct. 10, 1882; no children; she d. 
Sept., 1883; m. Juliet Nebinger, Ensminger, Feb. 21, 1889; children, 
Mark G., Irene, Millard B., Edith F., John P.; res., Denver, Col. 


WOLF, LUTHER BENIAH, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Nov. 29, 1857; s. John ~ 
G. and Eleanor C. (Bittinger) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1883; Fellow Madras U., 1893; D.D., Wit. Col., 1902; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; apptd. miss. to India, Dec. 28, 1882; prin., 
Am. Luth. Col., Guntur, 1885-1907; sec. bd. foreign miss. G. S., 1908-18; 
treas. same, 1911-18; sec.-treas. same, U. L. C., 1918- ; Ist ed. Gospel 
Witness; author, After 50 Yrs. in India, 1893: Missionary Heroes, 1908; 
m. Alice Catherine Benner, July 3, 1883; children, Geo. B., Edith N., 
Eleanor B., Anna D., Paul B.; res., Balto. 


1881 


BYERS, JACOB WILLIAM, b. Littlestown, Pa., Mar. 27, 1855; s. John 
and Eliza (Getty) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1884; 
Ph.D., Curry U., 1894; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; pastor, 
Upper Sandusky, O., 1884-87, 1898-01; Alliance, O., 1887-89; Myers- 
dale, O., 1889-91; Nevada, O., 1891-98; mfgr., 1900-05; m. Ida M. 
Stoll, Sept. 14, 1886; children, Helen E., Romaine E.; d. Sept. 28, 1925. 


EICHELBERGER, GEORGE WILLIAM. Member Cumberland Presby. 
Ch.; pastor, Albion, Ill., 1879-81; united with Presby. Ch., 1906; d. 
May 15, 1920. 


EYSTER, CHARLES MICHAEL, b. Thomasville, Pa., Dec. 21, 1857; s. 
John and Susan (Schmucker) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1884; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; pastor, Seven Val- 
leys, Pa., 1884-85; Manchester, Md., 1885-1900; Ist Ger. U. E., Balto., 
1900- ; m. Marguerite Crumrine, Apr. 22, 1886; dau. Treva M.; res., 
Balto. 


GRAICHEN, JOHN GEORGE, b. Balto.; s. F. August and Ernestine 
(Schroeder) G.; Roanoke Col., 3 yrs.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1883; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1882; ord. Ia. Syn., 1883; pastor, Iowa City, Ia., 1883-86; Hays 
City, Kas., 1886-87; Lexington, S. C., 1888-1907; Waynesboro, Va., 
1907-12; Morristown, Tenn., 1912-16; m. Emma R. Ochs, Novy. 3, 1886; 
dau. Ernestine; res., Morristown, Tenn. 


472 


ALUMNI 1882 


HILL, WILLIAM KUHNS, b. nr. Leechburg, Pa., Dec. 11, 1857; s. Salem 
and Esther (Kuhns) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1884; Sc.D., Gbg. Col., 1910; lic. Ia. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; prof. 
Carthage Col., 1884- ; m. Katharine Griffith, Dec. 21, 1887; children, 
Esther M., Wm. G., Katharine K., Robt. M., Lewis R., Ralph M., Con- 
stance, Ed. L., Imogen, David L., Rosalind H.; res., Carthage, Ill. 


RUPP, JOHN CHARLES FRANCIS, b. Dayton, Pa., June 23, 1856; s. 
John H. and Susannah T. (Schreckengost) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1880-81; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1883; ord. Pb. C. Syn., 1884; 
pastor, St. John’s, McKeesport, Pa., 1890-94; St. Paul’s, Scottdale, Pa., 
1894-1900; Morrisburg, Ont., 1900-08; Trinity, Bridgeport, O., 1908-09; 
Grace, Conneaut, O., 1909-14; Zion, Wellsville, O., 1914- ; prof., N. 
C. Col., 1884-86; prin., Connoquenessing Acad., Zelienople, Pa., 1886-90; 
member G. C. S. S. Work Com.; assoc. ed. Luth. Graded S. S. Lessons 
and Teacher’s Commentary, 1897-1923; m. Zelie Hill, June 15, 1886; 
children, Louis W., John H.; res., Wellsville, O. 


STAHLER, WILLIAM ELIAS, b. Norristown, Pa., July 3, 1858; s. Wm. 
and Savilla (Eschbach) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1884; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; 
pastor, Mt. Jackson, Va., 1884-87; Shippensburg, Pa., 1887-94; Zion, 
Lebanon, Pa., 1894-1922; supply 1st, Norfolk, Va., 1922- ; dir. Gbg. 
Sem.; member Bd. Ch. Ext.; m. Florence W. Allen, Oct. 20, 1897; s. 
Alan D.; res., Norfolk, Va. 


TAYLOR, SAMUEL JAPHETH, b. Newburg, Pa., Feb. 9, 1855; s. Ephraim 
and Mary (Focht) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1884; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1909; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. Al. Syn., 1884; pastor, 
Addison, Pa., 1884-86; Williamsburg, Pa., 1886-88; Lock Haven, Pa., 
1888-93; Berlin, Pa., 1893-99; Carey, O., 1899-05; Selinsgrove, Pa., 
1905-11; Juniata, Pa., 1911-18; rt., 1918; m. Mary Elizabeth Henderson; 
children, L. L. Romaine, Elizabeth E., W. Elwyn, Fred. P.; res., 
Altoona, Pa. 


WITTICH, PHILIP, f. Brooklyn, N. Y.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1884; ord. N. Y. 
and N. J. Syn., 1884; pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 1884-85; Hazleton, Pa., 
1885; Ripley, O., 1886; at Middletown, O., with Ev. Syn. and stricken 
f. roll of W. Pa. Syn., 1887; now d. 


1882 


FISHER, CHARLES LEE THORNTON, b. Salisbury, N. C., Apr. 4, 1857; 
s. J. A. and Camilla (Brown) F.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; ord. Md. Syn., 
473 


1882 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1885; pastor, Union Bridge, Md., 1885-86; Sidney, Neb., 1886-89; prof., 
N. C. Col., 1889-92; prin., Mt. Amoena Sem., 1892-97, 1924- ; vice- 
pres. and prof., Elizabeth Col., 1897-04; secular work, 1904-22; pastor, 
Holy Trinity, Mt. Pleasant, N. C., 1922- ; m. Mary C. Horner, 1886; 
children, Pauline T., Horner C.; res., Mt. Pleasant, N. C. 


GOTWALD, GEORGE DANIEL, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Sept. 18, 1862; s. 
Luther A. and Mary E. (King) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1885; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pastor, Salina, Kas., 
1885-88; Children’s Mem., Kansas City, Mo., 1888-90; trustee, Midland 
Col., 1888-90; endowed chair in Midland Col.; m. Mary B. Baugher, 
July 7, 1885; d. Jan. 12, 1890. 


KAYHOE, JOHN FREDERICK FLAUGHER, b. nr. Leitersburg, Md., Feb. 
1, 1857; s. Matthias and Barbara A. (Koppisch) K.; prep. private; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; LL.B., Chgo. Corres. Sch. of Law, 1905; ad- 
mitted to Ky. bar, 1905; stud. Louisville So. Bap. Sem.; stud. Peabody 
Col. for Teachers and So. Sociological Col.; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. 
C. Ill. Syn., 1885; pastor, Mt. Carmel, Ill., 1885-89; 1st Upper San- 
dusky, O., 1889-90; Bryan, O., 1890-96; Goshen, Ind., 1896-98; Mt. Car- 
roll, Ill., 1898-1900; Elwood, Ind., cl1900-04; Grace, Louisville, Ky., 
1904-09; St. Paul’s, Nashville, Tenn., 1909-20; Lynchburg, O., 1920-22; 
ret., 1922; m. Mary Helena Weber, July 23, 1889; children, Naomi L., 
Ruth) Ge d..fan15%.1926. 


KELLER, CHARLES EDWARD, b. Strasburg, Va., Sept. 18, 1856; s. 
Levi and Mary C. (Hurn) K.; A.B., Roanoke Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1882-83; 
D.D., source unknown; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, 
Dickinson, Pa., 1883-84; Salona, Pa., 1884-86; Schoharie, N. Y., 1886-90; 
Schellsburg, Pa., 1890-92; St. Luke’s, Balto., 1892-94; Trinity, Akron, 
O., 1894-03; Thurmont, Md., 1903-06; Roaring Springs, Pa., 1906-13; 
Monesson, Pa., 1914-18; m. Lucy Zea, July 10, 1883; s. Ed. L.; d. Aug. 
9, 1918. 


METZGER, JOHN LUTHER, b. Myersville, Md., June 20, 1858; s. Wm. 
and Lydia (Toms) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1885; pastor, Callensburg, Pa., 
1885-91; Bloserville, Pa., 1891-03; Penbrook, Pa. 1903-13; Rebers- 
burg, Pa., 1913-17; m. Alice M. Brown, Nov. 18, 1885; children, Joseph 
B., John H., Howard L., Alice R.; d. Apr. 28, 1917. 


NICHOLS, JOHN, b. nr. Shrewsbury, Pa. Oct. 31, 1857; grad. Millers- 
ville State Nor. Sch.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. 
same, 1885; miss. to India, 1885-86; m. Stella Brown, Nov. 19, 1885; d. 
Dec. 17, 1886. 


474 


ALUMNI 1883 


SCHERER, LUTHER PLUTARCH, b. nr. Island-force, N. C., Jan. 13, 
1856; s. Simeon and Sarah (Roseman) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pastor, Harpers 
Ferry, Va., 1885-88; prof., Kee-Mar Col., 1889; prof., M. F. Col. 
Marion, Va., 1889-90; ins. bus. in Va. and W. Va., 1891-95; book mer. 
W. Va., 1895-01; salesman, Washn., D. C., 1902- ; m. Ellen Virginia 
Doll, Sept. 5, 1891; res., Washn. 


SWARTZ, WILLIAM PALEY, b. Circleville, O., Dec. 24, 1858; s. Joel 
and Adelia (Rosencrans) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; Tchg., Hazleton, 
Pa., 1881-82; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; Ph.D., 1900; ord. 1885; miss. to 
India, 1885-87; entered min. of Presby. Ch., 1887; pastor, 5th, Trenton, 
N. J., 1887-88; Cen., Wilmington, Del., 1888-96; Ist, Poughkeepsie, N. 
Y., 1896-11; sec., N. Y. Sab. Com., 1911-15; m. Florence Allen Reed, 
May 9, 1888; children, Philip A., Chas. B., Howard V., Wm. C.; d. 
Apr. 3, 1915. 


TROWBRIDGE, CHARLES REUBEN, b. Balto., Nov. 1, 1859; s. Jas. A. 
and Maria L. (Morris) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pastor, Christ, Trenton, 
N. J., 1885-88; St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1888-92, 1898-1911; St. Paul’s, 
Balto., 1892-96; member bd. Foreign Miss. G. S., 2 terms; archivist E. 
Pa. Syn., 1922- ; clerk, Ingersoll-Rand Mfg. Co., Easton, Pa., 1918-21; 
m. Anna Margaret Lilly, Apr. 28, 1886; s. Jas. L.; res., Easton, Pa. 


WEBER, HENRY HERMAN, b. Phila., Aug. 4, 1860; s. Augustus and 
Wilhelmina (Otterbach) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1885; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pas- 
tor, St. Luke’s and Grace, Balto.; gen. sec. bd. Home Miss. and Ch. Ext. 
to present; author, Hist. Grace, Balto.: Add. Questions and Ans. to 
Luther’s Catechism; m. Mary Emma Crist, May 29, 1890; no children; 
res., York, Pa. 


ZERGER, JAMES ELLWOOD, b. Columbia, Pa., Nov. 3, 1858; s. Geo. 
and Margaret (Shroder) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1885; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1884; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1885; pastor, Irving, IIL, 
Brookville, Pa., Leatherwood, Pa., Lewistown, Md., Leetonia, O., Mt. 
Holly Springs, Pa., Addison, Pa., Millville, Pa., Rossville, Pa., New 
Millport, Pa., Shipman, Ill., Middletown, Ind., Harlan, Ind., Jefferson- 
town, Ky., Lake City, Fla.; rt., 1921; m. Ella Virginia Culp, Nov. 23, 
1887; children, E. Luther, Ella B., E. Walter; res., Louisville, Ky. 


1883 


AMICK, GEORGE WILLIAM WALLACE, b. St. Clairsville, Pa., Apr. 16, 
1861; s. Geo. and Mary (Hammond) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 


475 


1883 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Gbg. Sem., 1887; lic. Al. Syn., 1885; ord. Md. Syn., 1887; pastor, Oak- 
land, Md., 1887-89; Trinity, Johnstown, Pa., 1889-99; Peabody, Kas., 
1899-02; Nevada, O., 1902-06; Jonesboro, Ill., 1906-07; Ft. Madison, Ia., 
1907-17; Middleburg, N. Y., 1917-21; Brick Church, Pa., 1921-  ; vice- 
prin., Sus. U., 1884-86; m. Florence Phillips, Oct. 18, 1888; s. Arthur 
P.; she d. Mar., 1894; m. Lydia Orms., Dec. 17, 1895; children, Mar- 
garet T., Howard W.; res., Brick Church, Pa. 


BAKER, CHARLES WITMER, b. Bakersville, Pa., Jan. 28, 1859; s. Philip 
and Susan (Miller) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Al. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, Dal- 
lastown, Pa., 1886-88; Dover, Pa., 1888-90; Auburn, Neb., 1890-93; 
Davenport, Neb., 1893-95; York Co. Miss., 1895-97; Youngstown, O., 
1897-99; New Phila., O., 1899-1902; Lena, Ill., 1902-08; Princeton, Ill., 
1908-11; New Oxford, Pa., 1911-18; Clearfield, Pa., 1918-20; May- 
town, Pa., 1920-24; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1924- ; author, Hist. of Lena, 
Ill., Cong., 1907: Hist. of Princeton, Ill., Cong., 1908; m. Anna Kate 
Wolf, Aug. 24, 1886; children, Ida, Bred. Chas., Frank, Mary, Ralph, 
Anna; res., New Bloomfield, Pa. 


BAUGHMAN, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Shady Grove, Pa. Nov. 28, 
1856; s. Jacob and Catherine (Unger) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, 
Everett, Pa., 1886-93; Uniontown, Md., 1893-14; Woodbine, Md., 1915- 
19; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Elizabeth M. Schafhirt, Oct. 21, 1886; chil- 
dren, H. F., Mrs. H. B. Fogle; d. Feb. 7, 1920. 


CRISSMAN, FREDERICK HARRY, b. Huntingdon Furnace, Pa., Apr. 
25, 1857; s. Fred. and Hannah (Harry) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. 1885; ord. Al. Syn., 1886; pastor, New Florence, 
Pa., 1886-89; Blairsville, Pa., 1889-94; Brookville, Pa., 1895-97; Brush- 
ton and Wilkinsburg, Pa., 1897-1900; York Haven, Pa., 1900-03; Down- 
ingtown, Pa., 1903-07; Stewardsville, N. J., 1907-10; Frostburg, Md., 
1910-15; Davis and Elkins, W. Va., 1915-21; Trinity, Butler, Pa., 1921- 
25; dir. Gbg. Sem., f. W. Va. Syn. and f. Pb. Syn., 1924- ; m. Mrs. 
Stella Brown Nichols, July 30, 1890; children, Lyall N., Maud, Marion, 
Edith, 5 d.; she d. Aug.,:1911; res., Wash., D. C. 


DERR, SAMUEL JACOB, b. Middletown, Md., Sept. 6, 1855; s. Samuel 
and Mary M. (Yaste) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1886; lic. Md. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, Hampstead, Md., 
1886-1901; Arcadia, Md., 1902-11; Berrysburg, Pa., 1913-16; m. Mrs. 
Elizabeth oot Shaffer Stansted Jan. 18, 1888; children, Eva P., L. 
Naomi; res., Hampstead, Md. 


476 


ALUMNI xo; 1883 


FULTZ, HERMAN C. (orig. name Volz); b. Ochringen, Wurttemburg, 
Ger. June 8, 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. 
same, 1886; pastor, Yutan, Neb., 1887; Silver Run, Md., 1888-95; Ho- 
boken, N. J., Ellenville and Crawford, N. Y., 1900-05; Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa., 1905-10; St. John’s, Washn., 1910-12; Ellicott City, Md., 1913-17; 
m. Emma C. Maus, Sept. 13, 1888; d. Mar. 21, 1917. 


HAGENSTEIN, A., f. Kienitz, Prussia; grad. Mendota Col.; Gbg. Sem., 
1883-84; did not enter Luth. ministry; res., unknown. 


JORDY, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Abbottstown, Pa., July 9, 1863; s. Wm. L. 
and Elizabeth J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, Dickinson, Pa., 1886-87; 
Wrightsville, Pa., 1887-89; Frostburg, Md., 1889-90; stricken from 
roll by Md. Syn., 1890. 


KAHLER, FRANK ROLAND, b. Millersburg, Pa., Oct. 16, 1857; s. Elias 
and Susan K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; teaching, Mifflinburg, Pa., 1881- 
83; Gbg. Sem., 1883; grad. Yale Div. Sch., 1886; ord. Cong. Ch., 1886; 
pastor, N. Guilford, Conn., 1886-88; Southington, Conn., 1888-90; d. 
Feb. 24, 1890. 


KING, CHARLES BANKS, b. St. Giles Co., Va., Oct. 19, 1859; A.B., 
Roanoke Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1906; 
lic. S. W. Pa. Syn., 1886; ord. N. C. Syn., 1887; pastor, St. John’s, 
Salisbury, N. C., 1886-98; founder and pres., Elizabeth Col., 1898-14; 
m. Annie Watte, Nov. 28, 1889; children, Gerwul W., Chas. B., Gev. 
W., Mrs. N. W. Wallace, Clara A.; d. Aug. 28, 1919. 


KUHNS, LUTHER MELANCHTHON, b. Omaha, Neb., Dec. 10, 1861; s. 
Henry W. and Charlotta J. (Hay) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1886; Litt.D.; D.D.; lic. Md. Syn., 1885; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 
1886; pastor, Freeport and Tarentum, Pa.; Braddock and Turtle Creek, 
Pa.; Grace, Omaha, Neb.; Tekomah, Neb.; Rising City, Neb.; Grand 
Island, Neb.; Dakota City, Neb.; ed. Luther League Review, Young 
Men’s Jour., Luther League Topics; unmarried; res., Omaha, Neb. 


LIVINGSTON, PETER, b. New Oxford, Pa., Sept. 12, 1854; s. Michael 
and Leah (Menges) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
lic. 1883; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1886; pastor, Lebanon, Pa., 1886-90; St. 
Mark’s, York, Pa., 1890-24; m. Sarah Louise Yount, Oct. 7, 1886; chil- 
dren, Mary L., Paul Y.; res., York, Pa. 


477 


1883 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


McDANIEL, CHARLES THOMAS, b. Frederick, Md., July 31, 1864; s. 
Jno. M. and Frances (Elkins) M.; Johns Hopkins U., 1881-83; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. Md. Syn., 1885; ord. O. B. Syn., 1886; pastor, 
3rd, Louisville, Ky., 1886-89; Reformation, Balto., 1890-91; Holy Trin- 
ity, St. Louis, Mo., 1891-95; St. John’s, Hudson, N. Y., 1895-99; Grace, 
Trenton, N. J., 1901-03; Holy Trinity, Hoboken, N. J., 1903- ; m. 
Elise Henrietta Ilse, Oct. 11, 1889; s. Ralph I.; she d. Jan. 20, 1891; m. 
Lulu Blanche Bame, Jan. 31, 1900; children, Dorothy T., Muriel A., 
Gerald E.; res., Hoboken, N. J. 


NERGARARIAN, GARABED, Gbg. Sem., 1883-84; wife now living in 
Bulgaria; no details known; now d. 


SCHAFER, ADAM. A.B., Carthage Col. Gbg. and Wit. Sems.; ord. Wit. 
Syn., 1885; pastor, W. Liberty, O., 1885-86; Upper Sandusky, O., 1886- 
88; Leipsic, O., 1888-91; m. Lillie Zimmerman, Aug. 30, 1885; left. min., 
1891. 


SCHMUCKER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Tomsbrook, Va., Apr. 20, 1853; 
s. Ferdinand and Catherine (Funkhouser) S.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1878; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; ord. Sus. Syn., 1885; pastor, Turbotville, Pa., 
1885-89; Mendon, Ill, 1889-93; Minerva, O., 1893-97; Willet, Pa., 
1897-08; Mansfield, O., 1908-12; Shanksville, Pa., 1912-17; m. Cora Ella 
Raup, Dec. 10, 1889; her present res., Mansfield, O.; s. Carl S.; d. Sept. 
30, 1918. 


SCHNUR, GEORGE HENRY, JR., b. Vandalia, Ill, Jan. 24, 1861; s. Geo. 
H. and Marie (Esbjoern) S.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1886; A.M., Carthage Col., 1890; D.D., Wit. Col., 1920; lic. C. 
Ill. Syn., 1885; ord. Neb. Syn., 1886; pastor, St. Mark’s, Omaha, Neb., 
1886-89; Nevada, Ia., 1889-93; St. Mark’s, Evansville, Ind., 1893-95; 
Paris, O., 1896-99; Chillicothe, O., 1899-1906; St. Paul, Minn., 1906-14; 
Zelienople, Pa., 1914-18; Grace, Erie, Pa., 1918- ; ed. Luther League 
Topics, 1898-17; statis. sec., Pb. Syn., 1916-25; m. Nina Charles, July 
30, 1889; children, Faith, Carl E., Marie, Geo. L., Paul N.; res., 
Erie, Pa. 


STECK, AUGUSTUS RYNEAL, b. Lancaster, Pa. Aug. 8, 1861; s. Danl. 
and Susan (Myers) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, 
Stewartsville, N. J., 1886-91; 1st. Indianapolis, Ind., 1891-94; St. Jas., 
Gbg., 1894-1903; Union, York, Pa., 1903-13; 1st., Carlisle, Pa. 1914- ; 
dir. Gbg. Sem. 1895- ; pres. bd. trustees, Irving Col., 1898- ; m. 


478 


ALUMNI 1884 


Bertha Melick, July 1, 1891; children, Howard R., Kenneth L., Robt. 
A., Julia C., Malcolm M., Richard C., Roger H., Danl. B., Ruth M., 
Chas. E.; res., Carlisle, Pa. 


1884 


ANSTADT, WILLIAM WISONG, b. Selinsgrove, Pa., Sept. 18, 1862; s. 
Peter and Elizabeth A. (Benson), A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1887; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1886; ord. same, 1887; pastor, Huntingdon, 
Pa., 1887-93; Bedford, Pa., 1893-96; Hollidaysburg, Pa.,, 1896-07; All 
Saints, Phila., 1907-15; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1896-01; m. Alice M. Hantz, May 
3, 1893; no children; d. Aug. 2, 1915. 


BERGSTRESSER, FREDERICK LUDWIG, b. Selinsgrove, Pa., Apr. 4, 
1860; s. Danl. and Elmira (Ludwig) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1891; D.D.; ord. Sus. Syn., 1886; pastor Duncannon, Pa., 
1886-1892; Tyrone, Pa., 1892-1908; Chambersburg, Pa., 1908-13; Mont- 
gomery, Pa., 1913-21; m. Emilie Hahn, Aug. 11, 1882; children, Ruth, 
Katherine; res. Harrisburg, Pa. 


BRITT, CHARLES ADRIAN BENNOCH, b. Wheeling, W. Va., Dec. 9, 
1861; s. Chas. A. and Jennie (Bennoch) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1887; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1886; ord. same, 1887; prin. Knoxville, 
Ill. Acad. and pastor, 1887-88; pastor Mt. Zion, Pgh., Pa., 1888-90; 
Frostburg, Md., 1890-99; Taneytown, Md., 1899-04; m. Emma. C. Bubke, 
Oct. 6, 1887; 3 children; d. Sept. 3, 1911. 


DORNBLASER, SAMUEL G., b. Lamar, Pa., May 10, 1861; s. Gideon and 
Catherine (Miller) D.; A.B., Princeton U., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
A.M., Princeton U., 1889; D.D., Wit. Col., 1910; lic. C. Pa., Syn., 1886; 
ord. Wit. Syn., 1887; pastor Woodview, O., 1887-90; Emporia, Kas., 
1890-94; Columbus, O., 1894-1903; Hagerstown, Md., 1903-06; Bucyrus, 
O., 1906-19; Pittsburgh, Pa., 1919-22; Freeport, Pa., 1922-  ; m. Carrie 
Tressler Billow, Oct. 11, 1887; children, Helen T., Ruth M., Geo. B., 
Catherine L.; res. Freeport, Pa. 


FICHTHORN, ANDREW SMITH, b. Lewistown, Pa., Dec. 24, 1858; s. 
Joseph A. F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; D.D., source 
unknown; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1886; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1887; prof. Carthage 
Col., 1887-88; pastor Lutherville, Md., 1889-90; Tyrone, Pa. 1891-94; 
Trinity, Norristown, Pa., 1894-02, 1907-12; assoc., Holy Communion, 
Phila., 1904-06; miss. to India, 1902-04; unmarried; d. Jan. 29, 1912. 


FLECK, CYRUS LEMUEL, b. Sinking Valley, Pa., Jan. 12, 1855; s. Gabriel 
and Rebecca (Stoner) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 


479 


1884 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


lict Al. Syn., 1886; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; pastor Riegelsville, Pa., 1887- 
21; m. Annie K. Leas, Oct. 26, 1887; children, Carl W., John G., Cyrus 
S., Harry W., Margaret A., Geo. D.; d. Sept. 16, 1921. 


KROH, HERMAN FREDERICK, b. Balto., Sept. 22, 1857; s. Herman F. 
and Christine (Proebster) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1887; lic. Md. Syn., 1886; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; pastor Lykens, Pa., 
1887-89; Kreutz Creek, Pa., 1889-91; Sparrows Pt., Md., 1891-93; 2nd., 
Chambersburg, Pa., 1893-97; Pinegrove, Pa., 1897-11; m. Anna Eliza- 
beth Becker, June 29, 1887; 3 children; d. Aug. 8, 1916. 


SANDT, CHARLES M., b. nr. Easton, Pa., 1860; s. Simon and Elizabeth 
S.; A.B., Lafayette Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
1886; ord. same 1887; pastor Gordon, Pa., 1888-92; St. Jas., Hunting- 
don, Pa., 1893-99; Our Saviour, Phila., 1902-23 and emeritus, 1923- : 
m. Ellen Esther Hawk, 1885; s. Walter C.; she d. Jan. 1892; m. Carrie 
V. Kuntz, 1900; res. Phila. 


VALENTINE, MILTON HENRY, b. Reading, Pa., Aug. 18, 1864; s. Milton 
and Margaret (Galt) V.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1901; lic. Md. Syn., 1886; ord. same 1887; pastor Bed- 
ford, Pa., 1887-92; Messiah, Phila., 1892-99; ed. L. O., 1899-15; prof. Gbg. 
Col., 1916- ; m. Evelyn L. Ladd, Feb. 1, 1888; res. Gbg. 


YARGER, HARRY LEE, b. Hartleton, Pa., Feb. 22, 1862; s. John and Lu- 
cinda (Huntington) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
D.D., Carthage Col., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. Kan. Syn., 1886; 
pastor, Ellsworth, Kas., 1886-89; Lawrence, Kas., 1889-93; Braddock, Pa., 
1893-95; field sec. bd. ch. ext. G. S., 1895-15; gen. supt. home miss. and 
ch. ext. G. S., 1915-21; pres. G. S., 1913-15; m. Mildred R. Hammer, July 
15, 1886; children, Mary, Mildred L., Paul H.; d. Jan. 13, 1921. 


ZIMMERMAN, LEANDER M., b. Manchester, Md., Aug. 29, 1860; s. Henry 
and Leah (Gladfelter) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1901; lic. Md. Syn., 1886; ord. same, 1887; pastor Christ, 
Balto., 1887-25; Emeritus, same, 1925- ; member Bd. Home Miss., 1899- 
1908; member Deaconess Bd., 1897- , and pres. same, 1920-_ ; dir. Tress- 
ler Orphanage, 1899-1900; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1909- ; author, Paths That 
Cross, Yvonne, Dot, Cordelia, Sparks, Reminiscences, Echoes from the 
Battlefield, The Church of Our Faith, etc.; unmarried; res. Balto. 


ZIMMERMAN, MADISON FUSSLEMAN, b. Andersonburg, Pa., Mar. 7, 
1854; s. Wm. and Rebecca Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; teaching, Newville, 


480 


ALUMNI 1885 


Pa., 1881-82, Sus. U., 1882-84; Gbg. Sem., 1884-85; lic. W. Pa. Syn, 
1884; no pastorate; unmarried; d. Apr. 7, 1887. 


1885 


AIKENS, CHARLES THOMAS, b. Siglerville, Pa., Dec. 14, 1862; s. An- 
drew J. and Lucinda (Hassenplug) A.; Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1888; D.D., Wit. Col., 1906; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pas- 
tor Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1888-1905; pres. Sus. U., 1905-  ; dir. 1st Natl. 
Banks State College and Selinsgrove, Pa.; m. Athalia Clara Gitt, Nov. 
26, 1889; s. Claude G.; she d. Dec. 6, 1910; m. Carrie E. Smith, Feb. 3, 
1915; res. Selinsgrove, Pa. 


BECKER, DANIEL RAUSCHER, b. Koenigsbach, Baden, Ger., Sept. 22, 
1853; s. Danl. and Regina (Rauscher) B.; Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1888; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; pastor Littles- 
town, Pa., 1888-92; Palmyra, Pa., 1892-93; Mt. Carmel, Pa., 1893-99; 
New Franklin, Pa., 1899-06; Berrysburg, Pa., 1906-12; Woodbine, Md., 
1912-15; Idaville, Pa., 1915-19; m. Eliza Jane Cunningham, Aug. 22, 
1888; children, Danl. C., Ruth; m. Harriet Kathryn Reen, Jan. 11, 1898; 
children, Vera F., Hope R., Sara R., Miriam E.; she d. Aug. 7, 1920; he 
d. Dec. 23, 1919. 


BROWN, GEORGE GIDEON MALACHI, b. Cavetown, Md., Sept. 4, 1862; 
s. Geo. I. and Mary C. (Bussard) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1888; lic. Md. Syn., 1887; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1888; pastor Tremont, 
Pa., 1888-89; Union Bridge, Md., 1889-93; Everett, Pa., 1893-04; Cum- 
berland, Md., 1904-05; Mercersburg, Pa., 1905-07; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trus- 
tee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; m. Mary K. Schindel, Oct. 2, 1888; 1 dau.; 
d. Nov. 2, 1907. 


BUEHLER, HUBER GRAY, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Dec. 3, 1864; s. David 
A. and Fannie J. (Giyon) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1889; A.M., Yale U., 1905; Litt.D., Gbg. Col., 1909; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1889; prof. St. Jas. Sch. Md., 1883-85; prin. Gbg. Acad., 1885-92; 
Master in English, Hotchkiss Sch., Conn., 1892-1904, and Headmaster, 
1904-24; vice-pres., N. E. Assn. Col. and Prep. Schs., 1907-10; pres. same, 
1910-11; pres., Headmaster’s Assn., 1914-15; author, Practical Exercises 
in English, 1895; Modern English Grammar, 1900; Modern English Les- 
sons, 1903; Aldine Third Language Book, 1917; Teacher’s Manual, 1917; 
ed. Macauley’s Life of Saml. Johnson, 1896; m. Roberta Wolf, June 14, 
1893; children, Reginald, Barbara; d. June 20, 1924. 


BUTLER, CHARLES HENRY, b. Washn. Nov. 27, 1860; s. John G. and 
Clara (Smith) B.; grad. Geo. Washn. U., 1882; A.B., Amherst Col., 


481 


1885 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1883; Howard U.; Gbg. Sem., 1885-86; B.D., Union Sem., 1887; ord. Md. 
Syn., 1889; asst. Memorial, Washn., 1889-91, 1907-09; pastor, Keller Me- 
morial, Washn., 1891-07; Columbia Heights, Wash., 1910- ; prof. How- 
ard U., 1899-04, 1906-12; assoc. ed., Luth. Evan., 1893-09; m. Helena 
Lohmeyer Johnson, June 20, 1905; children, Margaret E., Jno. G.; res. 
Washn. 


EBELING, HENRY EDWARD, b. Cantonsville, Md., Mar. 13, 1867; s. Geo. 
W. and Marie (Keidel) E.; stud. with father; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; 
stud. Johns Hopkins U.; lic. Md. Syn., 1887; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 
1888; pastor, Trenton, N. J., 1888-89; Harrisonburg, Va., 1890-91; teach- 
ing, Cantonsville, Md., 1889-90; teaching, Balto., 1891-94; m. Flora Albert, 
Oct., 1888; dau. Flora; d. Jan. 11, 1895. 


HAMM, GEORGE L., b. Fay, Pa., Oct. 14, 1858; s. Jared and Mary 
(Weaver) H.; A.B., Westminster Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; 
stud. U. of N. Y.; PhD., Westminster Col., 1898; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 
1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Bethany, Pgh. 1888-90; prin., N. Brad- 
dock H. S.; prof., Slippery Rock State Nor. Sch.; m. Emma Jane Mor- 
ris, Oct. 31, 1888; dau. Elsie R.; res. Slippery Rock, Pa. 


HAPEMAN, HENRY JEROME, b. Elizaville, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1860; s. Chas. 
and Catherine C. (Stull) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem.,, 
1888; lic. W. Pa. Syn.,, 1887; ord. Frank. Syn., 1889; pastor, Poesten- 
kill, N. Y., 1889-90; Dakota City, Neb., 1890-97; res. Woodlawn, IIl. 


HASSE, C. E., f. Martins Creek, Pa.; admitted on probation and left 1886; 
not lic. 


HEILMAN, HOWARD MOUL, b. York Co., Pa., Nov. 18, 1855; s. Peter 
W. and Deliah (Moul) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1888; D.D., Sus. U., 1906; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; 
pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa., 1887-93; Bethany, Altoona, Pa., 1893-1903; St. 
John’s, Joliet, Ill, 1903- ; m. Annie Clara Link, 1875; children, Eu- 
phemia, Lenetta; res. Joliet, Ill. 


HOSHOUR, EDWARD EVERETT, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Sept. 18, 1863; s. 
Saml. K. and Rebecca (Hengst) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1888; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1888; pastor, Belle- 
fonte, Pa., 1888-97; Hellam, Pa., 1897-1900; Phila., 1900-08; Brooklyn, 
N. Y., 1908-11; Burnham, Pa., 1911-12; Millvale, Pa., 1912-13; Troy, 
N. Y., 1913-16; Columbia City, Ind., 1916-21; Roaring Spring, Pa., 
1921- ; m. Mary Ellen Sheely, 1889; s. Harvey S.; she d. 1901; m. 
Hannah E. Griffin, 1903; dau. Rebekah E.; res. Roaring Spring, Pa. 


482 


ALUMNI 1885 


KURTZ, DANIEL STONER, b. Lancaster, Pa., Mar. 19, 1860; s. Daniel 
and Elizabeth (Stoner) K.; A.B.; F. and M. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1888; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, McConnels- 
burg, Pa., 1888-90; Lebanon, Pa., 1890-93; Wrightsville, Pa., 1893-1901; 
Smithsburg, Md., 1901-06; Wilmerding, Pa. 1906-08; Rockwood, Pa., 
1908-14; Centre Hall, Pa., 1914-19; ret. Lancaster, Pa., 1919-24; m. 
Lydia S. Rock, Jan. 15, 1889; children, Edgar A., Mary E., Chester 
A. R., Pearl E.; d. Jan. 22, 1924. 


McLINN, MILTON EDGAR, b. Thompsontown, Pa., Sept. 20, 1847; s. 
Ezra and Susanna J. M.; spec. stud. Gbg. Sem.; ord. 1886; pastor, Union 
Bridge, Md., 1886-90; Lovettsville, Va., 1890-96; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1896- 
1903; Apollo, Pa., 1903-10; Crafton, Pa., 1910-19; Woodbine, Md., 1919- 
23; Narbeth, Pa., 1923- ; m. Mary Eleanor Smith, Dec. 28, 1875; 
children, Ruth, Ada, Geo., Helen; res. Narbeth, Pa. 


MILLER, CHARLES B. Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; no reply. 


MILLER, EDGAR GRIM, b. Phila., July 8, 1865; s. Wm. J. and Mary A. 
(Grim) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; D.D., Gbg. 
Col., 1907; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
Middleburgh, N. Y., 1888-92; St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1893-98; St. Jas., 
Ashland, Pa., 1898-1904; Ist., Columbia, Pa., 1904-20; trustee, pastor 
fund, 1917- ; member Bd. Ministerial Relief, 1918-20; ex. sec. same, 
1920- ; asst. ed. Lutheran Observer, 1893-07; m. Esther A. Valentine, 
Oct. 10, 1889; children, Milton V., Edgar G.; res. Phila. 


POWELL, SAMUEL LAWRENCE, b. Lewistown, Md., Nov. 20, 1860; s. 
Lewis and Hannah (Gaugh) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; Gbg. Sem., 1885- 
87; Johns Hopkins U., 4 yrs.; prof., Newberry Col., 1893-07; prof., 
Roanoke Col., 1908-20; m. Lillie M. Miller, June, 1894; s. Henry M.; 
res. Blue Ridge, Pa. 


REINEWALD, CHARLES, b. Duncansville, Pa., Oct. 20, 1860; s. Joseph 
L. and Mary C. (Somer) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1888; D.D., Sus. U., 1909; lic. Al. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Ist, 
Braddock, Pa., 1888-92; Emmitsburg, Md., 1892-20; m. Irene Danner, 
Sept. 17, 1890; no children; her present res., Gettysburg, Pa.; he d. 
May 8, 1920. 


RICHARDSON, ARTHUR FRANKLIN, b. Lovettsville, Va., Nov. 6, 1862; 
s. X. J. and Mary A. (Shank) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1888; lic. Md. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Aurora, W. 
Va.; Grafton, W. Va.; Lancaster, O.; Swissvale, Pa.; Petersburg, Pa.; 


483 


1886 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Elkins, W. Va.; m. Fannie V. King, 1888; s. X. King; she d. 1907; m. 
Frank Falsom Hinsler; res., Elkins, W. Va. 


SLATER, SAMUEL EDGAR, b. Haley Sta., Tenn., Aug. 10, 1855; s. George 
F. and Mary E. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; D.D., 
1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. E. Ohio Syn., 1888; pastor, Guernsey 
Co., Ohio, 1888-90; Burkittsville, Md., 1891-96; Blairsville, Pa., 1896-98; 
Martinsburg, Pa., 1898-1900; Boone, Ky., 1901-06; Auburn, Ind., 1906-10; 
Uniondale, Pa., 1910-15; Port Royal, Pa., 1915-16; Auburn, Ind., 1916- 
24; Irving, Ill, 1924- ; m. M. M. Grubb, Oct. 15, 1891; children, Ruth, 
John; res., Irving, Ill. 


STAIR, REUBEN S., b. York, Pa. Mar. 20, 1857; s. Geo. and Catherine 
(Margenthall) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Bloserville, Hellam, Sinking 
Valley, Centerville, Goldsboro, York Haven; m. Lillie Estella Rudisill, 
1889; d. Aug. 12, 1925. 


UMBERGER, JAMES BROWN, b. nr. Wytheville, Va., Sept. 29, 1857; s. 
Rufus and Mary M. (Davis) U.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1889; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Norcator 
and Oberlin, Kas., 1889-91; New Cambria, Kas., 1891-93; Effingham, 
Kas., 1893-95; Ottawa, Kas., 1895-98; Harshman, O., 1899-1900; Lee- 
tonia, O., 1900-02; Osnaburg, O., 1902-05; Williamsburg, Pa., 1905-11; 
Walhalla, S. C., 1911-15; Myersville, Md., 1915-21; Eglon Chge., W. 
Va., 1921-23; Mill Creek, Pa., 1923- ; m. Ella Gordon Repass, Sept. 15, 
1891; children, Paul R., Jas. B., Ansel S., Ross E. 


1886 


BENZE, GUSTAVE ADOLPH, b. Warren, Pa., Jan. 11, 1867; s. Adolph 
Leopold and Elizabeth (Kiehl) B.; A.B., Thiel Col., 1886; Gbg. Sem, 
1886-88; grad. Mt. Airy Sem., 1889; D.D., Upsala Col., 1911; ord. Pb. 
C. Syn., 1889; pastor, Corry, Pa., 1889-91; St. John’s, Erie, Pa., 1891- ; 
pres., Luth. Home for Aged; mem. many bds. and coms.; sec. U. L. C. 
bd. N. W. Miss.; dir: Bethesda Home; ed. Kirchliche Wegweiser; au- 
thor, Hist. St. John’s, Erie, Pa.; m. Alice Louise Fourspring, 1903; res., 
Erie, Pa. 


DeEYOE, LUTHER, b. Ramsey, N. J., Nov. 18, 1858; s. Ephraim and Anna 
B. (Crounse) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; D.D., 
Gbg. Col., 1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1888; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1889; pastor, 
Emmitsburg, Md., 1889-91; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1891-1904; Trin- 


434 


ALUMNI 1886 


ity, Germantown, Pa., 1904-25; author two vols. sermons; m. Jane Mar- 
garet McKnight, Nov. 19, 1889; res., Phila. 


DIEHL, WILLIAM K., b. Hametown, Pa., Nov. 25, 1864; s. Isaac and 
Rozena (Klinefelter) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1889; pastor, Zion, Center Co., 
Pa., 1889-1901; Middleburg, Pa., 1901-07; Clearspring, Md., 1908- ; 
m. Annie Belle Sheely, Oct. 30, 1890; children, Harold S., Norman E., 
Wm. C., Anna F.; res. Clearspring, Md. 


DISE, BENJAMIN SEITZ, b. nr. Glen Rock, Pa., Sept. 23, 1848; s. Henry 
and Eve (Seitz) D.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. 
Al. Syn., 1889; pastor, Karthaus, Pa., 1889-91; Roaring Spring, Pa., 
1891-93; Juniata, Pa., 1893-96; Mahaffey, Pa., 1896-98; Curwensville, 
Pa., 1898-1905; Avis, Pa., 1905-08; Milroy, Pa., 1908-10; Lyons, Pa., 
1910-19; Crum, Pa., 1919-21; Sea Isle City, N. J., 1921-24; trustee, 
Tressler Orphanage, 1921- ; author several songs; m. Maria Elizabeth 
Diehl; children, Paul P., Jairus A.; she d. 1877; m. Josephine Amelia 
Fisher, 1890; children, Joyce, Eva, Helen L.; res., Mohrsville, Pa. 


HARRAH, CLINTON PEARSON, b. Fayetteville, Pa., May 30, 1858; A.B., 
Westminster Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1888; 
ord. Al, Syn., 1889; pastor, Roaring Springs, Pa. 1889-91; Pgh. Pa., 
1891-93; m. Ella Reed, Dec. 25, 1889; no children; d. Apr. 23, 1893. 


KLINGER, OSCAR GODFREY, b. Hazleton, Pa., Sept. 13, 1860; s. Gideon 
D. and Eliza A. (Engler) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1889; stud. U. of Cincinnati, 1889; stud. Cornell, 1896; ord. Sus. Syn., 
1889; pastor, St. Paul’s, Cincinnati, O., 1889-91; Emmittsburg, Md., 
1892; prin., Kee Mar Col., 1 yr.; prin., Gbg. Acad., 4 yrs.; prof. Gbg. 
Col., 16 yrs.; taught Leesburg, Fla., 3 yrs., and Greeneville, Tenn., 3 
yrs.; with Presby. Ch. since 1914; m. Bessie Mitchell, 1890; children, 
Robert, Mary; she d. 1898; m. Florence B. Cressler, 1900; children, 
Charles, Elizabeth; res. Greeneville, Tenn. 


KRIBBS, WILLIAM W., b. Knox, Pa., Nov. 10, 1867; s. Philip and Cath- 
arine (Knight) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; ord. 
Pb. S. Syn., 1889; pastor, Ellsworth, Kas., 1889-90; Salisbury, Pa., 
1890-93; left Min. 1895; united with Presby. Ch., 1899; merchant, 1895- 
10; Investments, 1910- ; m. Elizabeth A. Thompson, Jan. 11, 1898; 
dau. Avonelle; res., Los Angeles, Cal. 


LEISHER, WILLIAM LOY, b. Markelsville, Pa., Nov. 6, 1862; s. Geo. W. 
and Catharine (Rice) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; 
485 


1887 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Planefield, Pa., 1889-91; 
Oakland, Md., 1891-94; St. Paul’s, Akron, O., 1894-97; Clinton, O., 
1897-1900; Brookville, Pa., 1900-02; Idaville, Pa., 1904-07; Summerhill, 
Pa., 1907-08; Glasgow, Pa., 1908-10; in business, Wabasso, Fla., 1910- ; 
postmaster Wabasso, Fla., 1915- ; united with M. E. Church, 1921; m. 
Nora Emily Kloss, July 15, 1891; children, David K., Chas. K., Daniel 
L., Andrew R., Katharine S.; res., Wabasso, Fla. 


MAIN, WILLIAM EUGENE, b. Woodsboro, Md., Jan. 12, 1867; A.B., 
Roanoke Col., 1886; Gbg. Sem., 1886-89; given diploma, 1891; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1888; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1890; miss. for Trinity, Pgh., Pa., 1889-91; 
pastor, Clarion, Pa., 1891-92; St. Matt, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1894-99; 
teaching, Gbg. Col. and Wit. Col., 1892-94; d. Sept. 2, 1899. 


MILLER, SHILE, b. Bakersville, Pa., May 15, 1861; s. Jacob and Elizabeth 
(Neiderheiser) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. Al. 
Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Lilly, Pa., 1889-90; Ramey, Pa., 
1890-91; Lamartine, Pa., 1891-94; North Hope, Pa., 1894-01; Smicks- 
burg, Pa., 1901-04; supply M. E. Ch., Clymer, N. Y., 1904-05; entered 
min. of M. E. Ch., 1905; pastor, Ridgeway, Pa., 1905-07; Lander, Pa., 
1907-10; Falconer, N. Y., 1910-13; Meadville, Pa., 1913-15; Summer- 
hill, Pa., 1915-17; Rouserville, Pa., 1917-21; Jamestown, Pa., 1921- ; 
m. Estella Bryan, Aug. 31, 1884; children, Earl R., Jeannette H., Bessie 
B., Miriam G.; she d. July, 1915; res. Jamestown, Pa. 


SHANER, BRADEN EDWIN, b. Leechburg, Pa., Feb. 20, 1862; s. Henry 
and Catherine (Sober) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1889; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Punxsutawney, 
Pa., 1889-91; Callensburg, Pa. 1891-97; Logansport, Ind., 1897-1900; 
Tarentum, Pa., 1900-10; m. Anna Rebecca Deitterer, Aug. 14, 1889; 10 
children; d. Oct. 2, 1910. 


TREIBLEY, DANIEL BENJAMIN, b. Shamokin, Pa., Nov. 14, 1861; s. 
Jacob and Sabilla (Lerch) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1889; Ph.D., Ia. Col., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
1889; pastor, Shenandoah, Pa., 1889-91; Clearfield, Pa., 1891-05; Miners- 
ville, Pa., 1906-10; Thompsontown, Pa., 1911-18; New Kingston, Pa., 
1918- ; m. Ida R. Wassinger, June 13, 1889; dau. F. May; she d. June, 
1912; m. Vertie C. Keiser, June 17, 1914; res, New Kingston, Pa. 


1887 


BENELIUS, N. A. A.B., Augustana Col., 1886; Gbg. Sem., 1887-88; no 
details known. 
486 


ALUMNI 1887 


BRAME, IRA FRANKLIN, b. Heidlersburg, Pa., Nov. 12, 1856; s. Danl. 
and Mary (Arnold) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; 
ord. 1890; pastor, West End, Pa., 1890-92; Lower Frankford, Pa., 1892- 
20; McAlisterville, Pa. 1920- ; m. Nannie E. Meals, July 1, 1890; 
children, Edna G., Emma L., Luther F., Ed. G., Kathryn M.; res., Mc- 
Alisterville, Pa. 


BROWN, CHRISENBERY ALEXANDER, b. Rowan Co., N. C., Dec. 6, 
1859; s. John D. A. and Sarah (Fisher) B.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1887; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; ord. N. C. Syn., 1889; pastor, Floyd Co., Va., 
1890-92; Concordia-Grace, Va., 1892-94; Union-Christiana, Va., 1894- 
1900; Concord, N. C., 1900-01; Frieden’s, N. C., 1901-03; Organ, Rowan 
Co., N. C., 1904-07; China Grove, N. C., 1908- ; m. Emily Athelinda 
Propst, Sept. 10, 1890; children, Mrs. H. C. Dale, Edna P., Mrs. E. E. 
Smith, Herman A., 2 s. d.; res., China Grove, N. C. 


COOVER, MELANCHTHON. See Faculty, page 332. 


CROUSE, THEODORE LUTHER, b. Nov. 26, 1863; s. Edmond and Re- 
becca (Mehring) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1890; pastor, Christ, Harrisburg, 
Pa., 1890-95; St. Thos. Chge., 1895-03; Mt. Union, Pa., 1903-06; Ist, 
Sharpsburg, Pa., 1906-25; Trinity, Butler, Pa. 1925- ; m. Katharine 
Shriner LeFevre, Dec. 3, 1890; children, Elizabeth H., Rebekah L., 
Robt. P., Sarah D., Miriam L.; res., Butler, Pa. 


DREIBELBIS, EMANUEL LUTHER, b. Perry, Pa., June 23, 1859; s. Peter 
and Elizabeth (Lesher) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1890; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. Hart. Syn., 1890; pastor, Fayette, N. Y., 
1890-91; St. Luke’s, Amsterdam, N. Y., 1891-1903; Melrose, N. Y., 
1903-10, 1922-25; St. Peter’s, Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1910-22; Saddle River, 
N. J., 1925- ; m. Josephine L. Lengfield, June 11, 1900; res., Saddle 
River, N. J. 


FISHER, JAMES HENRY CORNELIUS, b. Rowan Co., N. C.,, Mar. 30, 
1859; s. Peter A. and Commille E. (Brown) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. Md. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, 
Prosperity, N. C., 1900-19; prof., North Col. and Mt. Amoena Sem., 
1890- ; vice-pres., same 16 yrs., and pres. 14 yrs.; m. Leah Janette 
Blackwelder, Aug. 3, 1897; children, Katharine B., Amy L., Mary V., 
Henry L.; res. Mt. Pleasant, N. C. 


FOCHT, CYRUS GERSHOM, b. Clover Creek, Pa., Nov. 13, 1860; s. J. H. 
and Susan (Keffer) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 


487 


1887 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Al. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Dickinson, Pa., 1890-93; m. 
Lella L. Taylor, Oct. 16, 1890; d. Sept. 17, 1893. 


McDERMAD, JOHN ALLEN, b. nr. Hunterstown, Pa., Mar. 7, 1861; s. 
Francis A. and Mary S. (Geyer) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; Gbg. Sem., 
1887-88; lic. Biglerville Class, U. B. Ch., 1886; ord. Pa. Conf. U. B. 
Ch., 1891; pastor, Spring Run, Pa., 1888-89; Duncannon, Pa., 1889-91; 
prof. Lebanon Valley Col., 1891-97; prof. York Col., Neb., 1897; gar- 
dener and fruit grower, Aspers, Pa., 1897-09; m. Margaret Jane Crouse, 
Mar. 26, 1890; dau. Daisy; she d. 1891; m. Annie E. Eckert, Apr. 2, 
1901; he d. Mar. 25, 1909. 


NICOLL, WILLIAM DONNALDSON, b. Lancaster, Pa., July 25, 1860; s. 
Adam and Catherine (Shaner) N.; Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1890- 
92; Sharon Springs, N. Y., 1893-95; Eglon, W. Va., 1901-03; Mill 
Creek, Pa., 1903-05; Upper Strasburg, Pa., 1905-07; New Millport, Pa., 
1907-08; Hampstead, Md., 1908-10; Myersville, Md., 1910-11; Callens- 
burg, Pa. 1911-14; New Chester, Pa., 1914-17; Sylvan, Pa., 1917-19; 
rt., 1919; m. Grace Sappington, June 27, 1893; children, Wm. D., David 
H., Jas. A., Catherine A., Mary H., Ruth N.; her res., Balto.; he d. 
Mar. 29, 1925. 


PARR, AMOS AUGUSTUS, b. White Hall, Pa., Dec. 18, 1858; s. Wm. F. 
and Amanda J. (Sponseller) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1890; D.D., Gbg. Col. and Sus. U., 1910; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. 
same, 1890; pastor, Spring Grove, Pa., 1890-05; St. John’s, Lock Haven, 
Pa., 1905-10; dir., Gbg. Sem.; trustee Tressler Orphans’ Home and 
Home for the Aged, Washn.; m. Addie Elizabeth A. Crouse, Oct. 16, 
1890; children, Mary, Esther; d. June 18, 1910. 


REARICK, JACOB MELANCHTHON, b. Beavertown, Pa., May 30, 1859; 
s. Saml. and Mary (Haines) R.; Bloomsburg State Nor. Sch., 1882-85; 
Sus. U., 1886-87; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; ord. Sus. Syn., 1889; pastor, 
Rehersburg, Pa., 1889-04; Centre Hall, Pa., 1904-07; Salona, Pa., 1907- 
11; Williamsburg, Pa., 1911-21; Elk Lick, Pa., 1921-24;. Mifflintown, 
Pa., 1924- ; sometime dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Maggie Elizabeth Walter, 
Mar. 13, 1891; children, Jodie D., Susan M., Alice P., Natta S., Paul C., 
Luther M.; she d. Sept. 22, 1921; res., Mifflintown, Pa. 


SCHERER, WILBERFORCE JACOB DANIEL, b. Alamance Co., N. C,, 
Sept. 16, 1858; s. Simeon and Sarah (Roseman) §.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 
1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. Md. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pas- 


488 


ALUMNI 1888 


tor, Fairfield, Pa., 1889-02; Friesburg, N. J., 1902-07; Woodstock, Va., 
1907-10; Burkittsville, Md., 1910; m. Mary Bigham, Nov. 12, 1891; 
children, Margaret, Elizabeth, Jennie B.; her res., Germantown, Pa.; 
he d. May 12, 1910. 


SCHMELL, ALTEN, b. nr. Mt. Bethel, Pa. Jan. 20, 1866; s. Wm. and 
Catherine (Oyer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; d. May 19, 1888. 


SNYDER, HARRY GELWIX, b. Upper Strasburg, Pa., Sept. 21, 1863; s. 
Michael and Mary A. (Enos) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1890; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1890; pastor, Hum- 
melstown, Pa., 1890-99; First, Tiffin, O., 1899-1911; First, Vandergrift, 
Pa., 1911-25; dir.. Gbg. Sem., 1914-24; m. Mary Eliza Horner, July 2, 
1890; children, Harold F., Arthur K., Mary D., Allen W., Chas. H.; 
res. Vandergrift, Pa.; d. June 2, 1925. 


STECK, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Belleville, Pa., June 3, 1866; s. J. M. 
and Mary S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; ord. Sus. 
Syn., 1889; pastor, Philipsburg, Pa., 1890-92; Port Royal, Pa., 1892-95; 
Muncy, Pa., 1895-1919; Sparrows Point, Md., 1923- ; m. Mary Louise 
Welty, Feb. 12, 1891; children, Mary L., Jno. W., Esther K., Wm. F., 
Harry H., Fred. H.; res., Sparrows Point, Md. 


TRAUGER, JORDAN C., b. Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 31, 1859; s. Saml. and 
Eva (Calfe) T.; A.B., Lafayette Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Minersville and Tremont, 
Pa., 1890-92; Minersville, Pa., 1892-95; Sumter, S. C., 1896-97; W. 
Phila., 1897-1902; Seward, N. Y., 1905-08; Oneonta, N. Y,, 1908-19; Mes- 
siah, Denver, Col., 1920-21; in business and teaching, 1902-05; m. Almeda 
Augusta Loose, June 24, 1891; children, Andrew R., Rebecca L., Eva A., 
Aurelia M.; res., Denver, Col. 


WOLF, AIDTKIN GUERNEY, b. New Salem, Pa, May 14, 1860; s. 
Henry and Agnes (Spangler) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1890; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1890; pastor, Aarons- 
burg, Pa., 1890-99; McConnellsburg, Pa., 1900-06; West Fairview, Pa., 
1906-17; Silver Run, Md., 1917- ; m. Sarah Jane Sheely, Sept. 10, 
1890; children, Marion E., Ruth S., John H.; res., Silver Run, Md. 


1888 
ABERLY, JOHN, b. Albrightsville, Pa., Sept. 18, 1867; s. John and Cath- 


erine (Oberkercher) A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; Gbg. Sem., 1888-89; D.D., 
Gbe. Col., 1905; ord. Guntur by authority W. Pa. Syn., 1891; missionary 


489 


1888 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


to India, 1890-1923; prof., Maywood Sem., 1923- ; ed. Gospel Witness 
about 12 yrs.; ed. Kraistava Bodhini about 12 yrs.; author Telugu Bible 
Dictionary, Telugu Commentaries on Mark, Acts, Romans, Hosea, Amos, 
Micah and Isaiah; tr. Ministerial Acts, Bible Teachings and Homiletics 
into Telugu; member India Natl. Miss. Council; m. Alice Strauss, Aug. 
3, 1889; children, Amy, Fred. H.; res., Maywood, III. 


BANNEN, HUGH MARTIN, b. Lewisberg, Pa., Oct. 27, 1859; s. Jas. and 
Elizabeth (Martin) B.; A.B., Carthage Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1888-90; D.D., 
Carthage Col.; ord. Sus. Syn.; pastor, Princeton, Ill, 1890-96; Rock- 
ford, Ill, 1896- ; tutor, Carthage Col., 3 yrs.; m. Cora Etta Maloney, 
May 30, 1888; children, Grace, Howard, Hugh, Robt.; res., Rockford, 
Ill. 


BERRY, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Staunton, Va., Dec. 29, 1868; s. Abraham 
L. and Nancy J. (Hulvey) B.; Roanoke Col., 1883-86; U. W. Va. 
1887-88; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; 
pastor, Brandonville, W. Va., 1891-97; W. Brookfield, O., 1897-1903; 
Carmel, W. Va., 1903-12; Morgantown, W. Va., 1912-18; Glenside, Pa., 
1918- ; m. Venitia F. Feather, Sept. 20, 1893; s. Darwin F.; res., 
Glenside, Pa. 


BLACK, LUTHER SCOTT, b. Thurmont, Md., Oct. 11, 1866; s. Wm. J. 
and Martha (Carmack) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1891; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; pastor, Juniata, Pa. 1891-93; Christ, Gbg., 
1893-96; St. Paul’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1896-02; St. Matt., Reading, Pa., 
1902-08; entered min. of Presby. Ch., 1909; pastor, College Hill, Easton, 
Pa., 1909- ; m. Mary Livingstone McKnight, Apr. 24, 1895; child, 
McKnight B.; res., Easton, Pa. 


BREHM, WILLIAM EVANS, b. Newville, Pa., Apr. 5, 1858; s. John D. 
and Martha (Myers) B.; Gbg. Col. and Sem., 1888-90; ord. Cong. 
Assn. of Newark Val., N. Y., 1890; pastor, LeRoysville, Pa.; Downs, 
Osborne, Great Bend, Kans.; Supt. Congl. Conf. of Kans., 1912-19; 
Asst. to Pres., Washburn Col., Topeka, 1923-25; res., Topeka, Kans. 


DAUGHERTY, SILAS DAVIS, b. Smicksburg, Pa. Apr. 17, 1857; s. 
Jason and Angeline (Black) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1891; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1913; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 
1891; pastor, First, Sharpsburg, Pa., 1891-96; Grace, Altoona, Pa., 1896- 
99; Immanuel, Norwood, Phila., 1899-1901; supt. missions, Phila. Conf. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1901-08; missionary to S. America, 1908-12; Miss. Supt. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1912- ; dir. Gbg. Sem. several yrs.; m. Bertha Reider, 
Nov. 5, 1891; children, Paul R., Ruth, Miriam A.; res., Phila. 


490 


ALUMNI 1888 


FRANCIS, JACOB MILTON, b. Myerstown, Pa., Mar. 4, 1865; s. Jacob 
and Elinda (Breitenbach) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1891; D.D., Carthage Col., 1904; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1890; ord. O. B. Syn., 
1891; pastor, Louisville, Ky., 1891-93; Columbia City, Ind., 1893-1900; 
Springfield, Ill., 1900-08; Sunbury, Pa., 1908-16; Waynesboro, Pa., 
1916- ; has been a member of the Boards of Wit. Col., Carthage Col., 
Sus. U., Tressler Orphanage, Home Mis. and Ch. Ext.; m. Elizabeth 
Martha Toot, Nov. 17, 1891; children, Raymond T., Reginald K., Robt. 
M.; res., Waynesboro, Pa. 


FRY, WILLIAM ENGLEBERT, b. Germantown, Pa., Feb. 7, 1869; s. Mrs. 
Rosa F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; ord., 1891; pas- 
tor, Stewartsville, N. J., 1891-98; Norwood, Pa., 1898-99; San Jose, 
Cal., 1899-1900; rt. Jan. 1, 1901; to Presby. Ch., Las Cruces, N. M., 
Sept. 1, 1902. 


GARLAND, DANIEL FRANK, b. Perry Co., Pa., July 10, 1864; s. Danl. 
M. and Elizabeth (Kistler) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Col., 
1891; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1906; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pas- 
tor, Ch. of Ref., Balto., 1891-96; Taneytown, Md., 1896-99; First, Day- 
ton, O., 1899-1913; dir., Public Welfare, Dayton, O., 1914-20; dir. Wel- 
fare, Natl. Cash Register Co., 1921- ; instr., Gbg. Acad., 1899-91; 
pres., Dayton Municipal Research Assn., 1912-16; pres., Dayton Re- 
search Assn., 1923- ; trustee O. Good Roads Fedn., 1923-  ; trustee 
O. Instn. for Public Efficiency, 1916- ; dir. O. Public Health Assn., 
1915- ; lecturer on sociological and economic subjects; m. Anna Jane 
Comfort, Oct., 1891; s. Chas. C.; res., Dayton, O. 


GEPHART, CALVIN FRANKLIN, b. Millheim, Pa., Oct. 16, 1853; s. 
Jacob and Catherine (Decker) G.; C. Pa. Col. Sem., 1870-71; N. W. 
Col., 1872-73; Binghamton Nor. Mus. Sch., 1874; tchg., Williamsport, 
Pa., 1875-76; min. with Ev. Assn., 1877-88; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Idaville, Pa., 1890-93; 
Lavansville, Pa., 1893-03; Newry, Pa., 1903-09; McClure, Pa., 1909-13; 
Rural Valley, Pa., 1913-18; Woodbury, Pa., 1918-22; Ickesburg, Pa., 
1922- ; m. Sara Ann Heagy, Nov. 23, 1882; children, Wm. H., Helen 
K.; she d. Nov. 11, 1923; res., Ickesburg, Pa. 


GOETZ, LEANDER, b. Oct. 18, 1858; s. John P. and Catherine (Drink- 
hause) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Newberry, Pa., 1891-95; St. Mark’s, 
Evansville, Ind., 1895-1902; left min. 1902; last, Harrisburg, Pa. 

491 


1888 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HARDING, WILLIAM H., b. Montoursville, Pa., Dec. 8, 1859; s. Jas. and 
Sarah A. (Foreman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; Gbg. Sem., 1888-91; 
ord. Sus. Syn., 1891; pastor, Maytown, Pa., 1891-97; St. John’s, Wil- 
liamsport, Pa., 1897-98; Darby, Pa., 1900-13; Audubon, N. J., 1913-16; 
St. Paul’s, Camden, N. J., 1916-21; Guilderland Center, N. Y., 1922- ; 
m. Martha R. Minnich, Feb. 14, 1893; children, Reed M., Chas. M., 
Martha A.; res., Guilderland Center, N. Y. 


HILL, JOHN JAY, b. Leechburg, Pa., Jan. 27, 1864; s. Danl. and Eliza 
(Kuhns) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; D.D., Gbg. 
Col., 1916; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1890; ord. Hart. Syn., 1891; pastor, West 
Camp, N. Y., 1891-93; Dover, O., 1893-95; Third, Springfield, O. 1895- 
98; Zion, Buffalo, N. Y., 1898-1901; Roaring Spring, Pa. 1901-06; 
Littlestown, Pa., 1906-16; Millvale, Pa., 1916- ; m. Annie M. Warren, 
Sept. 2, 1891; s. Jay W.; res., Millvale, Pa. 


HOY, CHARLES ALBERT, f. Watsontown, Pa.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; ord. Sus. Syn., 1891; pastor, Orrsburg, Pa., 1891- 
93; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1893-94; Funkstown, Md., 1894-99; united 
with Christian Cath. Ch. and deposed by Md. Syn., 1900; left Christian 
Cath. Ch. 1906 and went to Portland, Ore., where he d.; m. Susan R. 
Ficks, June 25, 1891. 


IDE, EDWIN ERNEST, b. Balto., Oct. 20, 1863; s. Ernest and Charlotte 
(Main) I.; Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; D.D., Oskaloosa Col., 1909; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Edgemont, Md., 1891-92; 
Trinity, Balto., 1893- ; m. Bertha Caroline Timmerman, Sept. 29, 1891; 
children, Grace, Hilda, Bertha, Norma; res., Balto. 


MAIN, JOHN H., b. Woodsboro, Md., Dec. 5, 1868; s. Jno. D. and Tem- 
mazeene (Saltzgiver) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; 
D.D., Central U.; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Grace, 
Phila., 1891-03; First, Sharpsburg, Pa., 1903-06; Wilmington, Del., 
1906-08; Gethsemane, Phila., 1908-18; m. Ida U. Richards, Aug. 3, 1898; 
children, Gladys E., Ruth G.; res., Wynnewood, Pa. 


McGAUGHEY, JAMES CALVIN, b. Bridgeport, Pa. Mar. 24, 1864; s. 
Jas. H. and Mary J. (Kunkle) M.; Carthage Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1888-90; 
A.B., Central U., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, 
Woodbine, Md., McConnellsburg, Pa., David City, Neb., Mt. Sidney, 
Va., Cookport, Pa., Callensburg, Pa.; entered ministry of Presby. Ch., 
Apr. 18, 1906, and served Nickleville, Pa., Rocky Grove, Pa. Franklin, 
Pa., Limestone, Pa., Wattsburg, Pa.; ret., 1916; m. Hannah Maria 
Branthaver, Dec. 23, 1885; she d. Aug. 17, 1924; res., Franklin, Pa. 


492 


ALUMNI 1889 


REIGHARD, JOHN CALVIN, b. Bedford Co., Pa., Oct. 19, 1858; s. An- 
drew J. and Sarah A. (Whetstone) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1891; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1891; pastor, 
Milroy, Pa., 1891-94; McAlisterville, Pa., 1894-1904; St. Thomas, Pa., 
1904-07; Blain, Pa., 1907-18; Marysville, Pa., 1918-23; dir., Gbg. Sem., 
1910- ; m. Annie Belle Mickley, Oct. 19, 1892; dau. Mary A.; she d. 
June 14, 1917; res., Gbg. 


ROYER, GEORGE A., b. Grantsville, Md., Nov. 26, 1857; s. Jno. and 
Eliza (Shultz) R.; A.B., Mt. Union Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Accident, Md., 1891-96; 
Aurora, W. Va., 1896-01; Clear Spring, Md., 1901-07; Loysville, Pa., 
1907-13; Union Bridge, Md., 1913-16; Boone Co., Ky., 1916-25; N. 
Robinson, O., 1925- ; m. Anabel Augustine, Dec. 24, 1889; children, 
Leonora A., Mabel P.; res., Sulphur Spgs., Ohio. 


SEABROOK, WILLIAM LEVIN, b. Frederick, Md. Nov. 15, 1856; s. 
Wm. L. and Harriet (Thomas) S.; St. Jnos. Col., 1866-68; W. Md. 
Col., 1868-72; St. Jnos. Col., 1872-74; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; LL.B., U. 
of Md., 1879; Gbg. Sem., 1888-89; pastor, Wichita, Kas., 1889-90; 
Abilene, Kas., 1890-94; Grace, Winchester, Va., 1895-02; Redeemer, 
Newberry, S. C., 1902-07; Westminster, Md., 1907- ; actg. Zion, Leb- 
anon, Pa., 1894-95; member miss. bd., U. Syn. S., 1896-07; Theo. Sem. 
bd. same, 1903-07, bd. Pub. same, 1903-07; Dep. Att. Gen. Md., 1884-88; 
States Att., Carroll Co., Md., 1916-20; Co. Att., Carroll Co., Md., 
1920- ; U. S. Referee in Bankruptcy, 1920- ; ed. Westminster, Md. 
Am, Sentinel, 1907-09; Circuit Ct. Clerk, 1909-16; author: Immortality, 
1905; Robt. Burns, the Poet-Mason; m. Myra Phelps Buehler; children, 
Wm. B., Chas. R., Frances G.; res., Westminster, Md. 


WEIDLEY, JOHN, b. Hollidaysburg, Pa. Apr. 17, 1861; s. Fred. and 
Mary (Kurfess) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1903; lic. Al. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Beth- 
any, Pgh. Pa. 1891-1906; Ref., Washn., 1906- ; pres., bd. trustees, 
Natl. Luth. Home for Aged, 1906- ; m. Susan M. Richardson, Nov. 
17, 1891; dau, Mary A:; res. Washn. 


1889 
ALLEMAN, HERBERT C. See Faculty, page 337. 


BANNEN, ROBERT GIFFEN, b. E. Lewisburg, Pa., Dec. 15, 1863; s. Jas. 
and Mary E. (Martin) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1906; ord. Sus. Syn., 1891; pastor, S. Williamsport, Pa., 


493 


1889 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1891- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1912- ; pres., Pa. C. E. Union, 
5 yrs.; vice-pres., World’s C. E. Union, 1910- ; m. Nora Elsie Cooper, 
Oct. 29, 1891; s., Paul C.; res., Williamsport, Pa. 


BOUCK, FRANK N., f. Middleburg, N. Y.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1889; Gbg. 
Sem., 1889-90; ent. min. of Episc. Ch.; now rector Watkins, N. Y. 


BREHM, WILLIAM E., A.B., Wit. Col., 1889; bg. Sem., 189-90; with 
Cong. Ch.; res., Topeka, Kans. 


BUTLER, JAMES WILLIAM, b. Floyd Co., Va., July 31, 1856; s. Jas. and 
Eliza. B.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1868; Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; ord. S. W. 
Va. Syn.; pastor, Roanoke Co., Va., Newport, Va., Graniteville, S. C., 
Oakland, Md.; united with M. E. Church, North, 1903; m. Nettie 
McCauley, Feb. 1, 1883; children, Efhe E., Lewis A.. J. Wm, Hugh 
M., Ernest H.; her res., Altoona, Pa.; he d. Sept. 22, 1904. 


DAHM, ANDREAS JULIUS, f. Blair, Neb.; grad. Augsburg Sem., 1886; 
Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; no details known. 


DIEHL, SAMUEL S., b. Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. 13, 1862; s. John H. 
and Lavina (Smell) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; pastor, Ferndale, Pa., 1892-1924; m. Ida S. 
Swartz, June 23, 1892; children, Martha D., Erwin D.; d. Aug. 19, 
1924. 


ETTER, CHARLES BRAINARD, b. Lemasters, Pa., Oct. 10, 1860; s. Geo. 
Washington and Mary Ann (Clapsaddle) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; 
A.M., same, 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., Wit., 1907; lic. W. 
Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; org. St. Paul’s, Akron, O., 1893, pastor to 
1894, Sharon Center, O., 1894-95, Wadsworth, O., 1895- ; Sec. E. Ohio 
Syn., 1893-94, Pres., 1894-95; Bd. of Wit. Col., 1904- ; m. Cora Boyer 
Wible, Nov. 17, 1892; children, Mae Wible, Pauline Lois, Charles Her- 
mann, George Wilbur; res., Wadsworth, Ohio. 


FAHS, WILLIAM H., b. Bainbridge, Pa., Jan. 3, 1865; s. John and Mary 
(Schroll) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; ord. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1892; pastor, Adamsburg, Pa., Milton, Pa., Mifflintown, Pa., Juniata, 
Pa., Tyrone, Pa.; in business, Leesburg, Fla., 1918-23; pastor, Presby. 
Ch., Leesburg, Fla., 1922-23; m. Ida Nicholas, July 28, 1892; children, 
Maude N., John L.; her res., Leesburg, Fla.; he d. Dec. 12, 1923. 


FASOLD, PETER BORN, b. nr. Sunbury, Pa., Oct. 15, 1858; s. Henry 
and Catherine (Weiser) F.; Carthage Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. 


494 


ALUMNI 1889 


Neb. Syn., 1891; ord. Mia. Syn., 1892; pastor, Vandalia, O., Buckhorn, 
Pa. Scalp Level, Pa. Shipman, IIll., Burkittsville, Md., Bluffton, O., 
Messiah, York, Pa., Glade, Pa., Pillow, Pa.; m. Anna Chesty Shultz, 
Oct. 6, 1892; children, Miriam R., Alice M., Charlotte K.; she d. Oct. 
4, 1907; m. Clara Minnette Shuman, Oct. 31, 1913; res., Pillow, Pa. 


FETTEROLF, ROBERT FOSTER, b. Spring Mills, Pa., Apr. 8, 1862; s. 
Elias and Rachel (Wiand) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1892; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, White Deer, Pa., 
1892-95; Millersburg, Pa., 1895-97; Mercersburg, Pa., 1897-1905; left 
ministry 1905, reinstated 1925; mfgr., 1905-08; teaching 1908-25; m. 
Mary Alice Fisher, June 28, 1892; children, Homer F., Bessie M., Lulu 
E., Helen M.; res., Millmont, Pa. 


GEISER, DIXON HOOVER, b. Ashland, O., July 16, 1861; s. Peter G.; 
Gbg. Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
1892; pastor, Augsburg, Harrisburg, Pa., 1892-02; m. Jessie R. Seacrist, 
Sept. 29, 1892; 4 children; d. Feb. 27, 1902. 


HEILMAN, ALBERT MOUL, b. Hampton, Pa., Feb. 27, 1867; s. Peter 
W. and Deliah (Moul) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1892; D.D., Carthage Col.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; 
pastor, Dallastown, Pa., 1892-94; Christ, Shrewsbury, Pa., 1894-1906; 
St. Matt., Hanover, Pa., 1906-16; Grace, Chgo., 1916- ; m. Anna 
Charlotte Wecker, July 14, 1892; children, Albert H. M., Paul M.; res., 
Chgo.-+d,- Oct: 15, 1925. 


HELD, CYRUS ELMER, b. Fogelsville, Pa., Mar. 23, 1863; s. Amandus 
and Maria (Smith) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, Hamilton, Pa., 1892-96; 
Brunswick, Md., 1896-98; New Chester, Pa., 1898-01; Shenandoah, Pa., 
1901-10; Sumneytown, Pa. 1910- ; prin, Sumneytown, Pa., Schs., 
1921-24; m. Anna Barbara Heffner, June 23, 1892; children, Anita M., 
Alcestia D.; res., Sumneytown, Pa. 


HOOVER, DAVID STUART, b. Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. 29, 1867; s. 
Henry and Lovina (Bachman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. Md. Syn., 1892; pastor, Luther- 
ville, Md., 1892-95; Bridgeton, N. J., 1895-98; Somerset, Pa., 1898-02; 
Spring City, Pa., 1902-05; left Luth. Ch. and pastor Piermont, N. Y., 
1905; m. Caroline Darby, Mar. 16, 1898; d. Dec. 17, 1905. 


HUDDLE, WILLIAM PETER, b. Wythe Co., Va., Feb. 20, 1862; s. Peter 
and Sarah (Staley) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1882; Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; 
495 


1889 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Shiloh, Va., 1885-86; 
Mt. Airy, Va., 1886-89; Marion, Va., 1890-93; St. Peter’s, Rowan Co., 
N. C., 1893-97; Madison, Va., 1897-1921; Churchville, Va. 1921- ; 
author, Hist. of Hebron Ch., 1907; m. Sarah Caroline Coley, Dec. 28, 
1887; children, Wm. C., Eula M., Ruth E., Carl M., Sarah C., Chas. E.; 
res., Churchville, Va. 


LOHR, LUTHER LINDSEY, b. Lincolnton, N. C., Oct. 1, 1860; s. Joshua 
and Emeline (Edmunds) L.; A.B., Gaston Col., 1888; Gbg. Sem., 
1889-90; grad. same, 1894; D.D., Lenoir Col., 1914; ord. Tenn. Syn., 
1891; pastor, St. Mark’s, Dallas, N. C., 1890-91; Zion, Manheim, Pa., 
1893-96; St. John’s, Mahanoy City, Pa., 1896-99; St. John’s, Williams- 
port, Pa., 1900-08; Lincolnton, N. C., 1908-23; Timberville, Va., 1923-25; 
Fairfax, S. C., 1925- ; trustee, Lenoir Col., 10 yrs.; m. Jessie Cath- 
arine Zinn, July 15, 1891; children, Mrs. Edgar Faber, Lawrence L., 
Elida E., Geo. E.; she d. Sept. 5, 1905; m. Mrs. Mary J. Schlegel, Dec. 
25, L907 s res. Pamtaxs Sic. 


MANIFOLD, JOHN H. C., b. Shrewsbury, Pa.; s. Wm. H. and Margaret 
(Sheffer) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; pastor, Salona, Pa., Turbotville, 
Pa., Palmyra, Pa., Manchester, Pa., 1923- ; m. Mary E. Brenneman, 
July, 1892; 6 children; res., Manchester, Pa. 


McDOWELL, SAMUEL JAMES, b. near Dallastown, Pa., Aug. 29, 1863; 
s. Isaac and Eliza A. (Peeling) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1892; D.D., Wit. Col., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 
1892; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1892-98; Sharpsburg, Pa., 1898-1900; 
Third, Balto., 1915- ; Miss. Supt. Pb. S. Syn., 1900-02; Field Sec. Bd. 
Home Miss. G. S., 1902-15; m. Annie Susanna Lau, Apr. 3, 1881; chil- 
dren, Laura B., Hattie E., Saml. J., Miriam L.; res., Balto. | 


NICHOLAS, JACOB LEONARD, b. nr. York, Pa. Nov. 6, 1843; Gbg. 
Sem., 1889-90; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor West 
Fairview, Pa., 1889-95; Woodbine, Md., 1895-1901; Ickesburg, Pa., 
1901-09; Elderton, Pa., 1909-12; ret., 1912; m. Amelia Weitkamp, Dec. 
21, 1865; children, Wm. H., Ida K., Jacob C., Chas. M.; she d. Nov. 2, 
1914; he d. Dec. 16, 1919. 


PATTERSON, RICHARD SADLER, b. Concord, N. C., Aug. 21, 1866; s. 
Robt. and Ann C. (Rogers) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1892; D.D., Lenoir Col., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; 
pastor, Woodsboro, Md., 1892-99, 1917-25; Salem, Westminster, Md., 


496 


ALUMNI 1889 


1925- ; Trinity, Berlin, Pa., 1900-06; Immanuel, Phila. 1906-07; 
Trinity, Coatesville, Pa., 1907-13; Sec. Home Miss. Bd., G. S. South, 
1913-17; author Dick and Cato, 1925; m. Clara Elizabeth Schwartz, 
Sept. 6, 1892; children, Anna E., Dorothy M., Winifred H.; res., West- 
minster, Md. 


RUTHERFORD, WILLIAM LINCOLN, b. Bainbridge, Pa., Jan. 20, 1862; 
s. Jno. D. and Rachael (Sheeley) R.; Sus. U., 1883-86; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., Sus. U.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. 
same, 1892; pastor, St. Mark’s, Steelton, Pa., 1892-95; Montoursville, 
Pa., 1895-01; Second, Dayton, O., 1901-04; St. Paul’s, Dixon, Ill., 1904- 
10; Collingswood, N. J., 1910-12; Immanuel, Phila., 1912-15; Reforma- 
tion, Chgo., Ill., 1921-24; First, Sacramento, Cal., 1924- ; in Fla. 1916- 
19; Lansdale, Pa., 1919-20; m. Annabel C. Lanstram, Dec. 20, 1892; 
children, Wm., Harold, Adelyn; res., Sacramento, Cal. 


SEIBERT, JOHN FREDERICK, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Aug. 29, 1868; s. 
Wm. and Mary (Ripper) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1892; D.D., Carthage Col., 1916; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. Ia. Syn, 
1892; pastor, Ft. Madison, Ia., 1892-95; Sedalia, Mo., 1895-1909; Miss. 
Supt. N. Ill. Syn., 1909-20; pres. Ill. Syn., 1920-21; Dist. Supt. Bd. H. 
M. and Ch. Ext., 1921-23, and Gen. Sec. same, 1923- ; m. Florence 
A. —, July 26, 1892; children, Edith, Wm. R., Florence, Luther, Ruth, 
Chas, A.s)res., Chgo, 


\ 


THOMAS, THEODORE BAHN, b. York, Pa., Sept. 2, 1864; s. C. Louis 
and Catharine (Bahn) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1892; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, St. Peter’s, N. 
York, Pa., 1892-03; Bethany, Altoona, Pa. 1903-05; Redeemer, (?) 
1905-10; Boiling Springs, Pa. 1910-14, 1923- ; Chambersburg, Pa., 
1914-18; Bristol, Pa., 1920-23; asst. chaplain, Newport News, Va., 1918- 
20; m. Annie Fannie Kettler, Sept. 1, 1892; dau., Catharine H.; res., 
Boiling Springs, Pa. 


WALTER, CLINTON ELMER, b. Easton, Pa., Oct. 19, 1867; s. Van Selan 
and Sallie (Laros) W.; Lafayette Col., 3 yrs.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
D.D., Col. of S: C., 1901; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; asst., 
Trinity, Germantown, Pa., 1892-95; pastor, Hughesville, Pa., 1895-98; 
St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 1898- ; m. Elizabeth Coxe, Apr. 16, 1896; chil- 
dren, Clinton E., Coe L., Martha T.; res., York, Pa. 


WIEAND, HENRY EUGENE, b. Phila., Aug. 26, 1866; s. W. R. and 
Carolyn (O’Boyle) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
497 


1890 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Ph.D,, Ind. State U., 1912; D.D., Sus. U., 1917; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; 
ord. same, 1893; pastor, Clarion, Pa., 1893-97; Three Rivers, Mich., 
1897-01; Altoona, Pa., 1901-11; Bedford, Pa., 1911-17; Trinity, Cam- 
den, N. J., 1917-18; Millersville, Pa. 1919- ; 1918-19 in France as 
Y. M. C. A. sec. and later lecturer Fr. Sch. of Officers, Port Sur. Saone, 
4 citations; m. Flora Jane Sener, Dec. 1, 1898; children, Helen L., 
Mabel L., Henry E., Dorothea L.; res., Lancaster, Pa. 


ZIMMERMAN, HORACE EHRMAN, b. Johnsville, Md. Apr. 20, 1867; 
s. Luther M. and Louisa A. (Saltzgiver) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, 
Tannersville, Pa., 1893-99; Clarion, Pa., 1899-1900; Bolivar, O., 1900-03; 
Dillsburg, Pa., 1903-05; Dickinson, Pa., 1905-07; New Haven, W. Va., 
1909-12; Mt. Morris, Ill, 1912-18; Kans. City, Mo., 1918-21; Fair- 
mount, Mo., 1921-23; U. P. R. R. Co., Omaha, Neb., 1907-09; copy ed., 
Kable Bros. Co. and ed. writer, Mt. Morris Index, 1923- ; m. Anna 
Elizabeth Doub, Nov. 3, 1893; s. Milo D.; she d. Oct. 7, 1894; m. Lillie 
Lee Saunders, June 28, 1899; dau. Anna Lee; res., Mt. Morris, Iil. 


1890 


ANSTADT, HENRY, b. Selinsgrove, Pa. June 18, 1869; s. Peter and 
Elizabeth A. (Benson) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1917; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1894; asst., 
Trinity, N. S. Pgh., 1894-95; ed. and pub., S. S. Lit., York, Pa., 1895- 
1906; pastor, Christ, Gbg., 1906-12; Luther Place Mem., Washn., 1912- 
18; First, Chambersburg, Pa., 1918- ; dir. Natl. Luth. Home for Aged, 
1913- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1919- ; instr., Gbg. Acad., 1891- 
92; instr., York Col. Inst., 1892-93; ed. Cent. Hist., W. Pa. Syn.; m. 
Emma Cavender Jones, Oct. 24, 1906; dau., Mary E.; res., Chambers- 
burg, Pa. 


BIXLER, HENRY CLAYTON, b. E. Berlin, Pa., Nov. 8, 1863; s. Saml. 
E. B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1893; pastor, Manchester, Pa., 1893-1901; Palmyra, Pa., 1901-04; Rebers- 
burg, Pa. 1904-09; Bruning, Neb., 1909-14; Berrien Springs, Mich., 
1914-16; Uniondale, Ind., 1916-18; Convoy, O., 1918-19. 


BLINT, EDWARD EUGENE, b. Lock Haven, Pa. Apr. 11, 1868; s. 
Wm. N. and Mary (Probst) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1893; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 
1893; pastor, St. Paul’s, Littlestown, Pa., 1893-1905; Hebron, Leech- 
burg, Pa., 1905- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage; member bd. Ed. G. S. 
and U. L. C.; m. Ada Munro, Oct. 26, 1893; res., Leechburg, Pa. 


498 


ALUMNI 1890 


BUCHER, WILLIAM JACOB, b. Upperco, Md., Aug. 29, 1863; s. Noah 
and Belinda (Miller) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1893; pastor, Kellersburg, Pa., 
1893-97; Clarion, Pa., 1897-98; Braddock, Pa., 1898-1909; Blairsville, 
Pa., 1909-13; Coatesville, Pa., 1913-24; Sidman, Pa., 1924- ; m. Rosa 
Alice Ehrhart, Sept. 1, 1897; res., Sidman, Pa. 


BURGESS, ELLIS BEAVER, b. Ft. Loudon, Pa., Nov. 19, 1869; s. Andrew 
and Sarah (Beaver) B.; Mercersburg Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
A.M., Gbg. Col., 1905; D.D., same, 1918; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Pb. 
S. Syn., 1893; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1893-95; Trinity, Connellsville, 
Pa., 1895-1920; pres. Pb. Syn., 1919- ; presided 1922 Conv. U. L. C.; 
Stat. Sec, G. S., 1905-18; Ex. Bd. U. L. C., 1922- ; assoc. ed. Luth. 
Ch. Wk., 3 yrs.; author, The Gen. Syn. in W. Pa., 1904; Hist. Pb. Syn.; 
m. Fannie Louise Brinkerhoff, June 13, 1893; children, Ellis S., Milton 
V.; res., Crafton, Pa. 


FLICK, HENRY HERMAN, b. Lavansville, Pa., Sept. 4, 1848; s. Geo. and 
Barbara (Young) F.; Ind. State Nor., Pa.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Lairdsville, Pa., 1893-94; Fish- 
erville, Pa., 1894-96; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1896-98; Accident, Md., 1898-01; 
Manchester, Md., 1901-10; Murrysville, Pa., 1910-18; Grove Chapel, Pa., 
1918-21; Idaville, Pa., 1921-24; rt., 1924; m. Sarah M. Flick, Feb. 13, 
1870; children, Herman H., Mrs. W. H. Bixler, Mrs. M. C. J. Miller, 
Mrs. C. C. Wareheim; d. Oct. 27, 1924. 


GEESEY, FREDERICK SECHRIST, b. Red Lion, Pa., Feb. 13, 1862; s 
Amos and Louise (Sechrist) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1893; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Muhlenberg 
Chgo., York Co., Pa. 1893- ; m. Matilda Ness, Feb. 10, 1884; children, 
Malvin D., Esther E., Marcella M., Naomi L., Mary R., Edith R., Paul 
F.; res., Spring Grove, Pa. 


GOOD, MORRIS FRANKLIN, b. Lyon Sta., Pa., Sept. 27, 1866; s. Wil- 
loughby L. and Fyetta (Folk) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1893; D.D., Sus. U., 1918; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; 
pastor, Lyons, Pa., 1893-97; Annville, Pa., 1897-1901; Schaefferstown, 
Pa., 1901-08; Zion, Ashland, Pa., 1908-13; St. Matt., Williamsport, Pa., 
1913-24; Christ, Milton, Pa., 1924- ; m. Alice Amanda Anewalt, Oct. 
17, 1895; children, Luther O., Eda A., June R.; res., Milton, Pa. 


GRUVER, OSCAR HERBERT, b. Flicksville, Pa., Nov. 30, 1866; s. Chas. 
B. and Christiana (Bachman) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 


499 


1890 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Sem., 1893; D.D., Midland Col., 1916; lic. Al. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 
1893; pastor, Hyndman, Pa., 1893-95; San Francisco, Cal., 1895-97; 
Stockton, Cal., 1897-98; Idaville, 1899-04; Oakland, Cal., 1904-10; Ala- 
meda, Cal. 1915- ; member Home Miss. bd. U. L. C., 1922- ; m. 
Jennie Pike Burnett, May 25, 1904; adopted children, Robt. E., A. 
Christine; res., Oakland, Cal. 


KITZMEYER, JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Balto., May 3, 1868; s. 
John W. and (Spicker) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1893; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Davis, W. Va., 1892- 
95; Bethany, New York, N. Y., 1895-1906; Woodstock, Va., 1906-07; 
St. Paul’s, Coney Is., N. Y., 1907-23; member Inner Miss. Bd., U. L. C.; 
m. Annie Leith, Apr. 20, 1898; children, Frances, Edmund; d. June 30, 
1923. 


McGILL, HARRY L., b. Louisville, Ky., Jan. 21, 1867; s. John and Frances 
A. (Rogers) M.; Gbg. Col., 1888-90; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; D.D., 
Carthage Col., 1919; lic. O. B. Syn., 1893; ord. S. Ill. Syn., 1894; pas- 
tor Anna, Ill, 1894- ; m. Birdie Finzer, Aug. 16, 1892; res., Anna, 
Ill. 


MILLER, ADAM B., b. Easton, Pa., Mar. 4, 1844; pvt. Co. A, 76th Pa. 
Vol., 1864-65; Gbg. Col., 1867-72; Gbg. Sem., 1890-91; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
1895; teaching and private stud., Theo. Brooks’ Acad., 1872-73; ord. 
Sus. Syn., 1873; pastor, Liberty, Pa., 1873-90, 1912-14; Glade, Pa., 1891- 
1906; New Franklin, Pa., 1906-08; Kutztown, Pa., 1908-10; Hellam, 
Pa., 1910-12; Bedford, Pa., 1915-20; m. Mary C. Dewey, Mar. 3, 1872; 
d. Jan. 6, 1923. 


MINNICH, WILLIAM GARDNER, b. Middletown, Md., June 21, 1866; s. 
Ezra and Henrietta M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa. 1893-c1907 ; 
Concordia, Balto.; St. Jnos., Cumberland, Md.; Lauraville, Balto.; res., 
Balto. 


NICHOLAS, SAMUEL TRAUGER, b. Kintnersville, Pa. Apr. 23, 1869; 
s. John and Julia A. (Trauger) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbeg. 
Sem., 1893; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 
1893; pastor, Grace, N. S. Pgh., 1893-1902; St. Peter’s, Middletown, 
Pa., 1905-13; Keller Mem., Washn., 1913- ; m. Elizabeth Ellen Spang- 
ler, June 4, 1894; s., John S.; res., Washn. 

500 


ALUMNI 1890 


PEERY, RUFUS BENTON, b. Burkes Garden, Va., Apr. 9, 1868; s. Thos. 
and Sarah H. (Repass) P.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1892; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; stud. Denver U. and Chgo. U.; D.D., 
Midland Col., 1909; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1891; ord. Va. Syn., 1892; 
miss. to Japan, 1892-1904; pastor, Phila., 1904-05; St. Paul’s, Denver, 
Colo., 1905-12; Polo, Ill., 1919-20; Col. Ch. Hickory, N. C., 1920-24; 
Zion, Wooster, O., 1924- ; pres., Midland Col., 1912-19; prof., Lenoir 
Col., 1920-24; author, Gist of Japan, 1897: Lutherans in Japan, 1900: 
Addresses to Young Men, in Jap., 1902: tr. Common Service and Min. 
Acts into Jap., 1897; corres. in Japan for N. Y. Independent, Record of 
Christian Work, Luth. Visitor, Luth. Obs.; m. Ann Letitia Rich, 1895; 
children, Harold R., Thos. B., Rob Roy, Paul D., Wm. W., Donald L.; 
res., Wooster, O. 


REEN, GEORGE HOWARD, b. nr. Liverpool, Pa., Jan. 17, 1866; s. Saml. 
and Sarah A. (Hunter) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1893; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, St. Luke’s, Mans- 
field, O., 1893-98; First, Columbia, Pa., 1898-03; St. Paul’s, St. Louis, 
Mo., 1903-06; member bd. home miss., 1903-04; m. Ida B. Gilbert, Oct., 
1893; children, Sarah H., Calvin G.; she d. Apr. 10, 1901; m. Sarah A. 
Kerner, Dec. 2, 1903; no children; he d. Oct. 13, 1906. 


RELLER, HERMAN CHARLES, b. Miltonsburgh, O., Mar. 29, 1862; s. 
Michael and Mary (Giegerich) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1893; lic. 1892; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1893; pastor, Freeport, Pa., 
1893-1901; Aspinwall, Pa., 1898-1916; ret., 1916; m. Anna L. Smith, 
June 21, 1899; s., Louis S.; res., Pgh. 


ROWE, GEORGE W., b. Aug. 26, 1868; s. J. H. R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1890; Gbg. Sem., 1890-92; in business, Phila. 


RUPP, ULYSSES S. G., b. Lebanon Co., Pa., Aug. 28, 1865; s. Gideon and 
Elizabeth (Fernsler) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1911; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord same, 1893; pastor, 
Ft. Washn., Pa., 1893-96; Ref., Balto., 1896-1910; Frederick, Md., 
1910- ; dir.. Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary Orner Sheeleigh, Dec. 17, 1896; 
dau., Mary E.; res., Frederick, Md. 


SCHULTZ, FRANTZ S., b. Newry, Pa., June 3, 1861; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; lic. Al. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, 
Grace, Johnstown, Pa., 1893-1909; Pinegrove Mills, Pa., 1909-11; Sum- 
merhill, Pa., 1911- ; m. Cora I. Schoch, June 27, 1893; children, Mar- 
garet, Dorothy; she d. Dec. 20, 1911; m. Mrs. Nellie C. Straw, Oct. 12, 
1915; res., Summerhill, Pa. 

501 


1891 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


SHAULIS, SAMUEL A., b. nr. Sipesville, Pa., May 31, 1862; s. Fred. W. 
and Mary E. S.; Tiffin, O., Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; ord. Al. Syn., 
1893; pastor, Cassville, Pa., 1893-97; New Florence, Pa., 1897-07; Grace 
Chapel, Pa., 1907-09; m. Mary Elizabeth Miller, July 10, 1890; children, 
Roy H., Earl F., Mary E., Saml. S.; rt.; res., Mahaffey, Pa. 


SNYDER, LUTHER TOMLINSON, b. New Lexington, Pa., Jan. 9, 1861; 
s. Moses M. and Adaline (Ringer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1893; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Al. Syn., 1893; pastor, Upper 
Strasburg, Pa., 1893-1903; unmarried; d. Nov. 18, 1904. 


WAGNER, WILLIAM JACOB, b. Tusseyville, Pa., Mar. 16, 1864; s. Jacob 
and Susanna (Geiss) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Muncy Creek, Pa., 1894- 
97; Glasgow, Pa., 1897-1903; Buckhorn, Pa., 1903-06; New Bloomfield, 
Pa., 1906-13; Pottsgrove, Pa., 1913-20; Boalsburg, Pa. 1921- ; m. 
Katherine Idella Hoy, Oct. 25, 1893; children, Margaret C., John H., 
Helen D.; res., Boalsburg, Pa. 


YEISER, NOAH EMANUEL, b. Union Mills, Md., March 12, 1864; s. 
Emanuel and Maria (Myers) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; A.M., 1892; 
Gbg. Sem., 1890-92; D.D., Central U., 1918; ord. Hart. Syn., 1892; 
Miss. to India, 1892-1900; pastor, Troy, N. Y., 1900-04; Larnaca, Is. of 
Cyprus, establishment of orph. for Armenian chil., 1904; E. Lansdowne, 
Pa., 1905-15; Murphysboro, Ill., 1915-16; Tarentum, N. Y., 1916-17; 
Anti-Sal. L., 1918 (Sec.), 1925, Dist. Supt.; m. Grace Spangler, June 9, 
1892; children, Maurice, Henry, Eugene and Helen; res., Erie, Pa. 


1891 


AXE, JOHN McCLELLAN, b. Mar. 21, 1863; s. Isaac and Maria (Smith) 
A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 
1894; pastor, Grove Chapel, 1896-99; Ringgold, Pa., 1901-18; Smicks- 
burg, Pa., 1919-21; Knox, Pa., 1921- ; unmarried. 


BAME, RICHARD L. A.B., N. C. Col., 1891; Gbg. Sem., 1891-93; ord. 
N. C. Syn., 1893; pastor, Nokomis, Ill., 1894; Alamo, Ind., 1894-95; 
Wallace, Ind., 1895-97; Rural Hill, N. C., 1897-99; Floyd, Va., 1899- 
1900; united with Episc. Ch., 1901; asst. rector, Christ Ch., Raleigh, 
N. C.; left Episc. Ch. and engaged in business in Spencer, Rockwell and 
Mooreville, N. C.; to Ark. c1911 and farming; m.; 3 children; d. c1913. 


BERGSTRESSER, FULLER, b. Taneytown, Md., Jan. 14, 1871; s. Peter 
and Martha Jane (Fuller) B.; stud. Coe Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 


502 


ALUMNI 1891 


D.D., Midland and Gbg. Cols., 1920; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; ord. Pb. S. 
Syn., 1894; pastor, Bethel, Pgh., Pa. Trinity, Abilene, Kans., Grace, 
Lincoln, Neb., St. Peter’s, Middletown, Pa., Trinity, Abilene, Kans.; 
member Parish and Ch. Sch. Bd., 1918- ; trustee Midland Col., 1908- 
11; m. Anne Elizabeth McElveen, Sept. 19, 1900; dau., Martha Jane; 
res., Abilene, Kan. 


BILLHEIMER, STANLEY, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Feb. 10, 1872; s. Thos. 
C. and Emma Catherine (Ziegler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1894; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1919; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 
1894; pastor, Georgetown, D.C., 1894-1904; York Springs, Pa., 1904-10; 
Immanuel, Norwood, Pa., 1910-24; Palmyra, Pa, 1924- ; U. L. C. 
Boy’s Work Com., 1919- ; assoc. ed. Luth., 1919-22; m. Ida Richard- 
son, Dec. 13, 1904; children, John P., Mary C., Elinor R.; res., Pal- 
myra, Pa. 


BIRCH, THOMAS BRUCE, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Sept. 11, 1866; s. Richard 
and Ruth (Edwards) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
A.M., U. of Pa., 1906; Ph.D., U. of Pa., 1908; ord. Sus. Syn., 1894; 
pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1904-06; dir. Summer Sch., Wit. Col., 
1909-23; treas., O. Col. Assn., 1910-12; sec. same, 1915-20; Ex. Com. 
same, 1920-24; sec.-treas. O. Soc. Ed., 1917-19; pres. same, 1919-21; 
prof. Gbg. Acad., 1891-94; prof. Irving Col., 1896-1902; prof. Sus. U., 
1902-05; prof. U. of Pa., 1905-08; prof. Wit. Col., 1908- ; cont. numer- 
ous periodicals; tr. Altaris of Wm. of Occam, 1908; fel. A. A. A. S.; 
fel. Am. Geo. Soc.; fel. Royal Soc. of Arts, Eng.; member Authors’ 
Club, London; m. Sarah Caroline Himmelburch, Sept. 15, 1894; children, 
Geo. H., Ed. R., Ruth E., Jas. B.; res., Springfield, O. 


BITTLE, JONATHAN ELMER, b. Myersville, Md., July 30, 1864; s. Thos. 
F, and Mary E. (Waters) B.; A.B.; Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1893; D.D., Sus. U., 1911; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1893; 
pastor Baidland, Pa., 1893-94; Turtle Creek, Pa., 1894-1905; miss. supt. 
Pb. Syn., 1905-25; mem. bd. Ed., Turtle Creek, Pa., 10 yrs.; ed. Luth, 
Monthly, 10 yrs.; m. Mollie May Buhrman, Jan., 1888; children, Helen 
E., Mabel A., Frank B.; res., Wilkinsburg, Pa. 


DEITZ, ARCHIBALD EDWIN, b. Berne, N. Y., Oct. 27, 1869; s. Chas. 
E. and Laura J. (Ludden) D.; grad. Hart. Sem., 1886; Hart. Sem. 
Theo., 1889-91; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1916; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1891; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1892; pastor, Third, Rhinebeck, 
N. Y., 1892-98; Poestenkill, N. Y., 1899-1904; Trinity, Riverside, Cal., 
1904-08; Salem, Ponca, Neb., 1908-11; All Souls, Jersey City, N. J., 


503 


1891 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1912-20; Hartwick Sem., N. Y., 1920-24; Our Saviour, .New York, 
N. Y., 1924- ; actg. pres., Hart. Sem. 1920-22; dean, Theo. Dept. 
same, 1922-24; prof. same, 1920-24; m. Caroline W. Secor, Oct. 18, 
1893; she d. Dec. 18, 1907; m. Marie B. Lederle, Aug. 3, 1919; res., N. Y. 


DUNLAP, WILTON CLYDE, b. Pine Grove Mills, Pa., Dec. 29, 1865; s. 
Scott and Lyde D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; D.D., 
Ia. Christian Col., 1908; Ph.D., Cent. U., 1912; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1893; 
ord. same, 1894; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1894-95; Spencerville, Ind., 
1895-99; Oswego, N. Y., 1899-01; Montoursville, Pa., 1901-11; St. 
Mark’s, Pgh., Pa., 1911-12; N. Manchester, Ind. 1912-16; Trinity, 
Louisville, Ky., 1916-21; Reading, Pa., 1921- ; m. Irene Beck, 1894; 
children, Harold F., Alcesta, Karl, Waldo; she d. 1917; m. Mary Rhone, 
1919; res., Reading, Pa. 


GETTY, GEORGE ALBERT, b. Balto., Mar. 10, 1872; s. Geo. and Annie 
(Wolf) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; D.D., Gbg. 
Col., 1917; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; ord. E. O. Syn., 1894; pastor, Cleve- 
land, O., 1894-96; E. Schodack, N. Y., 1896-98; Cobleskill, N. Y., 1898- 
10; St. Jnos., Balto., 1910-15; Zion, York, Pa., 1915- ; member Dea- 
coness bd., 9 yrs.; author, The Kingly Christ, 1923; m. Alethea Wilson 
Bevard, June 5, 1894; she d. Aug. 7, 1915; m. Carrie Elizabeth Haase, 
June 11, 1917; res., York, Pa. 


HEFELBOWER, SAMUEL GRING, b. Newville, Pa., Nov. 11, 1871; s. 
Saml. and Anna Elizabeth (Gring) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1894; Leipsic U., 1895-96; same, 1901-02; Halle U., 1902; 
Princeton U., 1910-11; A.M., Ph.D., Harvard U., 1914; D.D., Dickinson 
Col., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pastor, Red Rose, 
Manheim, Pa., 1896-99; Frostburg, Md., 1899-1901; prof. Gbg. Col., 
1902-04; pres. Gbg. Col., 1904-10; prof. Washburn Col., 1914-20; prof. 
Carthage Col., 1920- ; author, The Relation of John Locke to English 
Theism, 1918: The Place of Scholarship in Ministerial Training, 1922: 
Rel. Ed. in the Program of Our Cols. and Sems., 1924; m. Edna Mae 
Loomis, May 6, 1897; dau., Edna E.; she d. Aug. 10, 1899; m. Elizabeth 
Hitchens, Sept. 25, 1902; she d. Dec. 8, 1922; res., Carthage, IIl. 


HESS, WILLIAM W., recd. into Presby. Ch. at Council Bluffs, Ia., Dec. 3, 
1904; no details known. 


HOICK, JOHN EDWARD, b. Oswego, N. Y., Sept. 27, 1866; s. Henry 
and Mary (Fitch) H.; Syracuse U., 1888-89; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1894; pastor, Ghent, 


504 


ALUMNI 1891 


N. Y., 1894-98; San Diego, Cal., 1898-1909; San Jose, Cal., 1909-15; 
Los Angeles, Cal., 1915- ; m. Grace Dietz, Mar. 2, 1898; children, 
Evelyn A., Marion L.; res., Los Angeles, Cal. 


KING, ALVIN ARTHUR, b. Lower Nazareth, Pa., Feb. 16, 1868; Gbg. 
Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; 
pastor, Glen Gardner, N. J., 1894-1900; Emanuel, New York, N. Y., 
1900-12; m. Alice Reimer; s. Arthur; d. May 28, 1912. 


MILLER, HENDERSON NEIFFER, b. Salisbury, N. C., June 8, 1872; s. 
Calvina J. and Jennie (Ketchte) M.; A.B., N. C. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1894; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1896; B.D., Maywood Sem., 1903; lic. 
S. W. Va. Syn., 1893; ord. Md. Syn., 1894; pastor, Brunswick, Md., 
1894-95; Salem, Rowan Co., N. C., 1895-97; Middlepoint, O., 1903-06; 
First, Columbus, O., 1906-13; Wytheville, Va., 1916-18; Macon, Ga., 
1918-19; Greenville, Pa., 1919- ; prin. Amoena Sem., 1897-1902; pres. 
Marion Col., 1913-16; m. Cora Lillian Patterson, Sept. 12, 1894; children, 
Cora L., Frank H., Nellie J., Ethel R.; res., Greenville, Pa. 


MULLEN, ALBERT OSWALD, b. Smithsburg, Md., Jan. 10, 1867; s. 
Amos and Hannah (Oswald) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1894; Johns Hopkins U., 1907-13; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pastor, Watsontown, Pa., 1894-1903; Ard- 
more, Pa., 1903-04; Spring Grove, Pa. 1914- ; chaplain, Md. Peni- 
tentiary, 1905-13; asst. Christ, Balto., 1913-14; m. Lulu Grace Bikle, 
June 27, 1895; s. Burke B.; res., Spring Grove, Pa. 


OTTMAN, EMERY A., b. Lawyersville, N. Y., Dec. 21, 1868; s. John H. 
and Angelica (Borst) O.; Hart. Sem.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., 
Hart. Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1892; 
pastor, Guilderland, Center, N. Y., 1892-98; Ghent, N. Y., 1898-1904; 
Ancram, N. Y., 1904-10; Richmondville, N. Y., 1910-24; Center Bruns- 
wick, N. Y., 1924- ; m. Gittie Ann Vroman, Dec. 14, 1892; dau, 
Angelina V.; res., Center Brunswick, N. Y. 


PATTERSON, ROBERT LEONIDAS, b. China Grove, N. C., Feb. 20, 1871; 
s. I. Frank and M. Louisa (Low) P.; A.B., N. C. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1894; Bib. Sem., 1919, 1920, 1921; B.D., Maywood Sem., 1901; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1911; ord. Md. Syn., 1894; pastor, Union Bridge, Md., 
1894-99; Osborne, O., 1901-02; Somerset, Pa. 1902-08; St. Mark’s, 
Charlotte, N. C., 1908-14; Union, Salisbury, N. C., 1914-15; St. Mark’s, 
Atchison, Kans., 1915-21; Trinity, Selinsgrove, Pa., 1922-23; pres. Bd. 
Home Miss. Un. Syn. So., 1910-14; prof. Elizabeth Col., 1909-12; prof. 


505 


1891 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Western Sem., 1916-18, 1923- ; m. Virginia A. Blackwelder, Jan. 1, 
1895; children, Frank B., Geo. R., Ruth R., Virginia L., Luther W.; 
res., Fremont, Neb. 


POHLMAN, AUGUST, b. Balto. Mar. 1, 1864; s. Fred. and Augusta 
(Scherger) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; Gbg. Sem., 1891-93; M.D., Balto. 
Med. Col., 1896; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; miss. to 
Liberia, 1896-1902; pastor, Temple, Phila., 1902- ; member numerous 
bds. and coms.; member Fed. Council Com. on Evang.; m. Augusta 
Nemon Shaffer, June 11, 1899; dau., Augusta D.; she d. Sept. 4, 1907; 
res., Phila. 


RITTER, CHARLES LEWIS, b. Keysville, Md.; s. Peter and Ceranda 
(Lippy) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1893; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; pastor, Burkittsville, Md., Fair- 
field, Pa., Wheeling, W. Va., St. Peter’s, York, Pa., Mahanoy City, Pa., 
Shippenville, Pa.; m. Emma Virginia Stimmel; res., Shippenville, Pa. 


SLIFER, WILLIAM GRANT, b. Locust Grove, Md.; s. Joshua and Eliza 
(Haynes) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1893; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; pastor, Idaville, Pa., 1894-96; 
Davis, W. Va., 1896-98; Clearville, Pa., 1898-03; Bloserville, Pa., 1903- 
11; St. Thos., Pa, 1911- ; m. Mary Blanche Walter, June 5, 1894; 
children, Luther W., Mary E., Naomi G., Martha E.; res., St. Thomas, 
Pa. 


SLOOP, HENRY E. H., b. nr. China Grove, N. C., Mar. 25, 1862; s. 
Abraham and Delilah (Bostian) S.; Ph.B., N. C. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1894; A.M., N. C. Col., 1898; Maywod Sem., 1924- ; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1893; ord. N. C. Syn., 1894; pastor, Davie Mission, N. C., 1894- 
95; Sumter Co., Ga. 1896-97; Beth Eden, Miss., 1898-1900; Smith 
Co., Miss., 1900-05; St. Jas. Chge., Tenn., 1905-07; St. Stephen’s Chge., 
N. C., 1907-09; Capon, W. Va., 1911-15; Eglon, W. Va., 1915-16; 
Gravel Springs, Va., 1916-23; Botetourt, Va., 1923-24; prin. Beth Eden 
Col. Inst., 2 yrs.; m. Mary E. Ketchie, Mar. 9, 1897; children, Karl V., 
Ralph C., Roy L., Harry H., E. Ruth, Bernice M., Lois V.; res., Nace, 
Va. 


SNYDER, GEORGE FRANKLIN, b. Port Royal, Pa. Aug. 25, 1867; s. 
Geo. and Charlotte (Kloss) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1894; D.D., Sus. U., 1922; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pas- 
tor, Redeemer, Williamsport, Pa., 1894-c98; Lilly, Pa., 1900-03; St. 
Paul’s, Altoona, Pa. 1903- ; m. Minnie A. Stabler, May 26, 1898; 
children, Dorothy S., Marjorie E.; res., Altoona, Pa. 

506 


ALUMNI 1892 


STUP, ADAM CORNELIUS, b. nr. Frederick, Md., Feb. 26, 1866; s. Wm. 
D. and Eleanor (Brunner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; Gbg. Sem., 1891- 
93; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; miss., Riverside, Cal., 1893; d. Jan. 9, 1894. 


SWARTZ, CHARLES K., b. 1861; s. Joel S.; Gbg. Col., 1879-80; spec. 
stud., Gbg. Sem.; m. Elizabeth A. Howard, Dec. 12, 1892. 


TATE, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Everett, Pa., Sept. 10, 1867; s. Alexander 
and Henrietta (Carpenter) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1894; B.D., Hope Col.; lic. Al. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pastor, 
Penbrook, Pa., 1894-96; Minersville, Pa., 1896-98; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 
1898-01; Cheyenne, Wyo., 1902; Newton, Ia., 1902-04; Berne, N. Y., 
1904-07 ; left Luth. min., 1907; ord. deacon and priest, Episc. Ch., 1908; 
lay reader and rector, St. Luke’s, Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1907-09; rector, 
Tyrone, Pa., 1909-10; Emporium, Pa., 1910-16; Christ, Waterloo, Ia., 
1916-20; Holland, Mich., 1920-22; Holy Trinity, Memphis, Tenn., 
1922- ; m. Florence Ada Heisler, Mar. 12, 1896; children, Luther H., 
Florence E., Frances L., Mary M., Paul A., Jno. C., Donald O., Harold 
R.; res., Memphis, Tenn. 


WOLF, EDMUND J., b. Centre Hall, Pa., Dec. 27, 1872; s. Simon and 
Carrie (Working) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
m. Katerine Crebo, Sept. 4, 1904; s. Edmund C.; res., Kansas City, Mo. 


WOLF, ROBERT BRUCE, b. Center Hall, Pa., Mar. 10, 1870; s. Simon 
S. and Carrie (Working) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1894; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. Kans. Syn., 1894; pastor, Eureka, 
Kans., 1894-1902; Kans. City, Kans., 1902-10; Colorado Springs, Col., 
1910- ; pres. Colorado Springs Bh. Ed., 1917- ; m. Aimee Wakefield, 
June 19, 1900; s. Paul W.; res., Colorado Springs, Col. 


1892 


ALBERT, JOHN JACOB, b. Washn., Jan. 14, 1869; s. A. D. A.; A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94, 1895; lic. Neb. Syn., 1894; not ord.; 
pastor, Sidney, Neb., 1894-95; Boulder, Colo., 1895-97; left ministry 
1897 and engaged in engr. work; res., Washn.; d. 1911. 


BALL, JESSE WINECOFF, b. Berlin, Pa., Dec. 29, 1870; s. Danl. and Sarah 
(Imhoff) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; Ph.D., U. 
of Neb., 1907; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. Cal. Syn., 1896; pastor First, 
Los Angeles, Cal., 1895-1900; Children’s Mem., Kans. City, Mo., 1900- 
03; Grace, Lincoln, Neb., 1903-05; St. Mark’s, Los Angeles, Cal. 
1908- ; m. Mary E. Messerly, Sept. 8, 1902; children, Alpheus M., 
Maude E., Mary M.; res., Los Angeles, Cal. 


507 


1892 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


BEISWANGER, GEORGE, b. Balto., Feb. 15, 1868; s. John and Sarah 
Ann (Weber) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; D.D., 
Midland Col., 1924; lic. Md. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Cal- 
vary, Balto., 1895-1902; St. Paul’s, Vandergrift, Pa., 1902-07; First, 
Oklahoma City, Okla., 1907-09; Children’s Mem., Kans. City, Mo., 1909- 
15; Messiah, Constantine, Mich., 1915-17; Zion, N. Manchester, Ind., 
1917-20; Trinity, Carthage, Ill, as supply, 1922-23; Grace, Monroe, 
Wis., 1923- ; dean of men, Carthage Col., 1920-23; member ed. com., 
Ill. Syn., 1922-24; member com. Rel. Ed., Ill. Syn., 1924- ; prof. Car- 
thage Acad., 1920-23; prof. Carthage Col., 1922-23; m. Lugarda Grace 
Wilhelm, Oct. 24, 1900; children, Stephen, Geo. W., Martin L., Char- 
lotte R., Anna G., Philip M., John P.; res., Monroe, Wis. 


BERKEY, HARVEY EDMUND, b. nr. Jennerstown, Pa., Jan. 21, 1866; 
s. Peter F. and Charlotte (Walker) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1895; Erlangen U., 1908; Leipsic U., 1909; lic. Al. Syn., 
1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Red Lion, Pa., 1895-1901; Sharpsburg, 
Pa., 1901-03; Monongahela, Pa., 1903-08; St. John’s, Balto., 1909-10; 
Apollo, Pa., 1910-14; Roaring Spring, Pa., 1914-21; rt., 1921; m. Cora 
Elizabeth Hartman, June 18, 1895; res., Gbg. 


BIKLE, CHARLES GEORGE, b. Smithsburg, Md.; s. John L. and Georgia 
V. (Riddlemoser) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Glen Gardner, N. J., 
1895-1900; Dansville, N. Y., 1900-04; Williamsport, Pa., 1904-17; 
Gloversville, N. Y., 1917-21; left Min., 1921; U. S. Vets. Bu, 1 yr.; 
mgr. branch off., Better Brushes Inc., 2 yrs.; m. Catharine Bright Chritz- 
man, June 15, 1898; children, Catharine G., Chas. A.; res., Balto. 


BRAREN, JOHN SAMUEL, b. Utersum, Is. Foehr, Schleswig, Apr. 20, 
1872; s. Brar C. and Anna O. (Lund) B.; Breklum Gym. and Sem.; 
Ploen Gym.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. Ger. Neb. Syn., 1893; ord. 
N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1894; asst. Christ, N. Y. City, 1894-96; pastor, 
Ellenville, N. Y., 1896-99; Trinity, Albany, N. Y., 1899-1901; St. Luke’s, 
Cumberland; Md., 1901-11; St. Luke’s, Marietta, O., 1911-15; Trinity, 
Hudson Heights, N. J., 1919-24; St. Mark’s, Jamaica, N. Y., 1924- ; 
First, Cong., Melbourne, Fla., 1916-18; m. Emma Beiderbecke, Nov. 4, 
1896; children, Ralph, Gita, Waldemar, Geo., Herbert; res., Jamaica, 
May. 


COOK, JEREMIAH KNODE, Gbg. Col., 1890-92; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94; 
united with Episc. Ch.; no details known. 


508 


ALUMNI 1892 


DAMUTH, WARREN KEIFER, b. Thurmont, Md., Mar. 28, 1873; s. Chas. 
A. and Henrietta (Root) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94; 
Gen. Theo. Sem., N. Y., 1894-96; ord. deacon Episc. Ch., 1896; ord. 
priest, 1897; asst. Grace, Topeka, Kans., 1896-97; asst., St. Mark’s, 
Phila., 1897-1903; rector, Calvary, Phila., 1903-07; St. Luke’s, Balto., 
1907-09; Vicar, St. Michael’s, Phila., 1909-10; Holy Cross, N. Y. City, 
1911-21; rector, Thurmont, Md., 1921- ; unmarried; res., Thurmont, 
Md. 


DRAWBAUGH, DAVID PORTER, b. Carlisle, Pa.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; ord. 1895; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 
1895-1900; Altoona, Pa.; Messiah, Homestead, Pa.; Smithville, O., 
1924- ; m. Elida Zinn, June 4, 1895. 


FRANTZ, JOHN LUTHER, b. Salem, Va., Apr. 28, 1871; s. Marshall P. 
and Virginia (McCauley) F.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1895; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1894; ord. Md. Syn., 1895; pastor, St. 
Luke’s, Balto., 1895-1900; St. Mark’s, Washn., 1902-12; St. John’s, 
Knoxville, Tenn., 1912-16; Zion, Myersdale, Pa., 1916- ; trustee, Natl. 
Home for the Aged, 1920- ; m. Beulah Love Eckel, Feb. 8, 1917; res., 
Myersdale, Pa. 


GIFT, FOSTER ULYSSES, b. Paxtonville, Pa., May 25, 1871; s. Wm. D. 
and Ada (Bowersox) G.; B.E., Bloomsburg State Nor. Sch., 1890; A.B., 
Sus. U., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; A.M., Sus. U., 1900; U. of Pa., 
1908; Bib. Sem., N. Y., 1923; D.D., Sus. U., 1917; ord. Sus. Syn., 1895; 
pastor, Scranton, Pa., 1895-99; Williamsport, Pa., 1899-1904; Phila., 
1904-10; Balto., 1910-22; supt. instr... Deaconess Trg. Sch., Balto., 
1922- ; m. Carrie M. Swengle, Feb. 2, 1898; dau. Marion N.; res., 
Balto. 


GRIMM, KARL JOSEPH, b. Steinbach, Amt Wertheim, Baden, June 10, 
1871; s. Magnus and Biligildis (Schuessler) G.; Gym. and U. in Ger.; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; Johns Hopkins U., 1896-1901; Ph.D., same 
1899; lic. C. Ill. Syn., 1895, not renewed; prof. Ursinus Col., 1901-06; 
prof. Gbg. Col., 1906- ; author, Euphemistic Liturgical Appendices in 
the O. T., 1901; m. Anna Catharine Broessel, 1902; children, Hermine, 
Gisela, Karl, Anna D.; res., Gbg. 


GUINEY, JAMES BUCHANNAN, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Mar. 17, 1856; 
s. Wm. and Elizabeth (Overcash) G.; grad. Sus. U., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1895; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Cold Springs, 
South Fork, Pa., Loganton, McCool, Neb., Montoursville, Pa., Mill 


509 


1892 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Creek, Pa., White Water, Kans.; Winston Co., Miss., Sherrodsville, O., 
1925- ; m. Annie M. Forster, 1895; children, Hertha E., Ivan P.; res., 
Sherrodsville, O. 


HESSE, FERDINAND, b. Berkley Co., W. Va., Nov. 7, 1866; s. Ludwig 
and Agatha (Velderin) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94; 
ord. Sus. Syn., 1894; pastor, New Oxford, Pa., 1894-03; Grace, Phila., 
1903-07; Smithsburg, Md., 1907- ; m. Effie Florence Greenholt, Sept. 
1, 1903; children, Florence C., John F., Pauline R., Agatha E.; res., 
Smithsburg, Md. 


HUBER, CHARLES HENRY, b. Nebraska City, Neb., June 7, 1871; s. 
Eli and Mary E. (Deibert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1896; Litt.D., Gbg. Col., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1896; 
tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1892-93; vice-prin. same, 1893-96; headmaster, same, 
1896- ; m. Louise Annan, Dec. 18, 1897; children, Elizabeth A., Chas. 
H.; res., Gbg. 


JACOBS, CHARLES FRANKLIN, b. Bakersville, Pa., Sept. 1, 1865; s. 
Casper and Christiana W. (Ulery) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1895; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Sinking 
Valley and Tyrone, Pa., 1895-98; St. Mark’s, Steelton, Pa., 1898-1902; 
St. Jas., York, Pa. 1902-16; McConnellsburg, Pa. 1916-21; Spry- 
Windsor Park, York, Pa. 1921- ; m. Puria H. Krout; children, Dor- 
othy L., Margaret L., Carolyn I., Chas. R.; res., York, Pa. 


KETNER, GEORGE JOSEPH MELANCHTHON, b. Aetna, Pa.; s. Danl. 
and Catharine (Garner) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1895; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; pastor, New Chester, 
Pa., 1895-98; Davis, W. Va., 1898-01; New York, N. Y., 1901-09; West 
Camp, N. Y.; Central Bridge, N. Y., 1915- ; m. Susie Blanche War- 
ren, Dec., 1895; children, Hazel I., Ruth C. S., Luther W., Dorothy M.; 
res., Ellenville, N. Y. 


LEADER, HENRY ALLEN, b. York, Pa., Jan. 11, 1865; s. Saml. and 
Mary A. (Naily) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-93; grad. 
Wit. Sem., 1897; A.M., Wit. Col., 1900; D.D., Wit. Col., 1923; lic. Wit. 
Syn., 1896; ord. O. B. Syn., 1897; pastor, Second, Richmond, Ind., 1897- 
1907; Middlebury, Ind., 1907-14; Convoy, O., 1914-17; Litchfield, IIL, 
1917- ; prin., Loysville Orphanage, 1894-95; m. Lydia L. Shepp, Dec., 
1892; children, Mary E., Robt. M.; res., Litchfield, Il. 


LEAMER, JESSE S., b. Hollidaysburg, Pa. Mar. 11, 1866; s. Geo. and 
Margaret (Geesey) L.; A.B., Midland Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 


510 


ALUMNI 1892 


1895; D.D., Carthage Col., 1920; lic. Neb. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; 
pastor, Grand Island, Neb., 1895-97; Wilbur, Neb., 1897-1901; Sidney, 
Neb., 1901-07; Clinton, Ia., 1907- ; trustee, Nachusa Orphanage, 16 
yrs.; m. Elsie E. Nyboe, Aug. 25, 1897; children, Bruce V., Margaret 
H., Margery R.; res., Clinton, Ia. 


LESHER, SAMUEL MARTIN, b. McConnellsburg, Pa., Aug. 16, 1864; s. 
Abraham and Anna E. (Tice) L.; A.B., Midland Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1895; D.D., Carthage Col., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; ord. 
Kans. Syn., 1895; pastor, Effingham and Valley Falls, Kans., 1895-98; 
Dakota City, Neb., 1898-1904; Sedalia, Mo., 1904-08; Mendon, IIl., 1908- 
12; Burlington, Ia., 1912- ; m. Addie A. Young, Oct. 31, 1895; children, 
Leland H., Florence E., Maurice E., Elizabeth E.; res., Burlington, Ia. 


MARKWARD, JOSEPH BRADLEY, b. Jacksonville, Pa., Mar. 25, 1869; 
s. Geo. G. and Mary (Hale) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1895; D.D., Midland Col., 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; ord. Pb. 
S. Syn., 1895; asst. Trinity, Pgh. Pa. 1895-99; pastor, Calvary, Wil- 
kinsburg, Pa., 1899-1909; Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Pa., 1909-19; First, 
Springfield, O., 1919- ; member numerous bds. and coms.; ed. Adult 
Dept., Augsburg Teacher; m. Ivy Lorella Eggers, June 8, 1899; dau., 
Florence; res., Springfield, O. 


McCAULEY, ERNEST ROEDEL, b. Salem, Va., June 13, 1869; s. Wm. 
and Margaret (Shirey) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1895; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1907; D.D., Sus. U., 1908; lic. S. W. Va. 
Syn., 1893; lic. Md. Syn., 1894; ord. Sus. Syn., 1895; pastor, First, 
Cedar Rapids, Ia., 1895-97; St. Stephen’s, Pgh., 1898-1900; Grace, Al- 
toona, Pa., 1900-13; First, Norfolk, Va., 1913-22; Holy Trinity, Raleigh, 
N. C., 1924- ; evangelist, 1922-24; ed. adult notes, Augsburg Teacher, 
1908-14; m. Grace Beth Ford, Sept. 7, 1897; children, Wm. F., Fred. 
D.; res., Raleigh, N. C. 


NICHOLAS, WILLIAM HENRY, b. nr. York, Pa., Feb. 5, 1867; s. Jacob 
and Amelia (Weitkamp) N.; grad. Shippensburg State Nor. Sch., 1890; 
Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; D.D., Carthage Col., 1918; lic. W. Pa. Syn, 
1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, St. Andrew’s, Phila. 1895-97; First, 
Apollo, Pa., 1897-1902; Grace, Pgh. Pa., 1902-08; Grace, Springfield, 
Ill., 1908- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1903-07; m. Louise Mary Kline, Sept. 28, 
1897; children, Wm. H., Charles A.; she d. May 29, 1909; m. Bertha 
Margaret Boehmig, Nov. 24, 1910; children, Robt. L., Constance B., 
Miriam M., Eden M.; res., Springfield, Ill. 

511 


1893 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


SANDERS, CHARLES FINLEY, b. Mifflinsburg, Pa., Feb. 11, 1869; s. 
Jos. and Eve C. (Miller) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1895; Leipsic U., 1905-06; D.D., Lafayette Col., 1913; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 
1895; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1895-98; Blairsville, Pa., 1898-1905; prof. 
Blairsville Col. for Women, 1901-05; prof. Gbg. Col., 1906- ; tr. Jeru- 
salem’s Intro. to Philos., 1910; tr. Hoffding’s Hist. Philos., 1812; tr. 
Jerusalem’s Probs. Sec. Tchr., 1918; m. Harriet E. Hesson, Dec. 27, 
1894; res., Gbg. 


SCHANTZ, ELMER EDWIN, b. Geryville, Pa., Sept. 16, 1862; s. Reuben 
S. and Amelia (Hillegass) S.; A.B., Midland Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1895; Johns Hopkins U., 1896; lic. Kans. Syn., 1894; ord. Sus. 
Syn., 1895; pastor, New Freedom, Pa., 1895-1904; St. Paul’s, Gordon, 
Pa., 1904-08; St. Luke’s, Schaefferstown, Pa., 1908- ; m. Lottie Min- 
erva Dise, Oct. 5, 1897; children, Eva B., Bradford T., Edwin H., 
Joseph D.; res., Schaefferstown, Pa. 


1893 


BARE, WILL FRANKLIN, b. Jefferson, Pa.; s. Edward S. and Lamanda 
B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; 
ord. same, 1896; pastor, St. Mark’s, Steelton, Pa., 1896-98; Christ, 
Dallastown, Pa., 1899-1902; St. Mark’s, Conshohocken, Pa., 1902-12; 
St. John’s, Sparrows Pt., Md., 1917-21; St. Paul’s, Morgantown, W. Va., 
1921-25; St. Matt., Lebanon, Pa., 1925-. ; ex. sec. Laymen’s Miss., Nov., 
1912-17; m. Emma Irene Ziegler, June 16, 1896; children, Ethel G., 
Henry Z.; res., Lebanon, Pa. 


BOWERS, JOHN CULLER, b. Jefferson, Md., July 1, 1867; s. Henry and 
Matilda B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; D.D., Wit. 
Col., 1916; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. Md. Syn., 1896; pastor, St. 
Mark’s, Washn., 1896-1902; Calvary, Balto., 1902-10; Cantonsville, Md., 
1910- ; dir. Tressler Orphanage, 1908-09; member Deaconess bd. G. S., 
1905-18; m. S. Adelaide Schumann, Dec. 29, 1908; children, Ethel M., 
Jno. Z.; res., Balto. 


CRIGLER, JOHN FIELDING, b. Madison Co., Va., Oct. 13, 1869; s. 
Jason and Elizabeth (Aylor) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1896; lic. Md. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Lutherville, 
Md., 1896-15; St. Mark’s, Charlotte, N. C., 1915- ; m. Edith Morris 
Wolf, Oct. 7, 1903; children, Elizabeth A., Catherine W., Eleanor F., 
Jno. F.; res., Charlotte, N. C. 

512 


ALUMNI 1893 


DIETERLY, ERVIN, b. Springtown, Pa., Apr. 30, 1868; s. Jno. and Mary 
(Frankenfield) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1895; no pastorate; sup. farm, 1899-1908; farming imple- 
ments and autos, 1908- ; m. Emma A. Pearson, Feb. 13, 1897; chil- 
dren, Jacob H., Myrtle N.; res., Springtown, Pa. 


DIFFENDERFER, GEORGE MICHAEL, b. E. Petersburg, Pa., Jan. 5, 
1869; s. Emanuel and Frances (Kneier) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1911; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1895; 
ord. same, 1896; pastor, Newport, Pa., 1896-1900; First, Carlisle, Pa., 
1900-14; Luther Pl., Washn., 1919- ; trustee, Irving Col., 1901-05; 
trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1900- ; ex. sec., Pastors’ Fund, 1914-18; 
prof., Dickinson Col., 1911-12; prof., Washn. Prep. Sch., 1919-22; mem- 
ber Washn. Com. Fed. Coun. Chs.; trustee, New Std. Col. for Women; 
Personnel Staff, Chief of Chaplain’s Office; m. Laura A. Diehl, June 30, 
1896; children, Isabel R., Geo. M.; res., Washn. 


EHRHART, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Oct. 26, 1861; s. Wm. and Eliza 
(Stump) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Silver Run, Md., 1896-1903; Brod- 
becks, Pa., 1903- ; m. Emma A. Strine, July 29, 1896; children, Janet 
E., Kenneth S.; she d. Oct. 19, 1920; res., Brodbecks, Pa. 


ENDERS, GEORGE WILLIAM, JR., b. Bridgeton, N. J., Aug. 10, 1871; 
s. Geo. and Phoebe (Miller) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1896; D.D., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, 
Argusville, N. Y., 1896-99; Union Bridge, Md., 1898-1905; Clearfield, 
Pa., 1905-13; Paradise, York Co., Pa., 1913- ; m. Margaret Elizabeth 
Herbst, June 9, 1896; children, Margaret E., Geo. W., John J.; res., 
York, Pa: 


GRIMES, JOHN CONLEY, b. nr. Mifflin, Pa., Oct. 21, 1871; s. John and 
Elizabeth (Conley) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; Gbg. Sem., 1893; entered 
ministry of M. E. Ch., 1896; pastor, Greencastle, Pa., 1896-97; Delano, 
Pa., 1897-98; Jonestown, Pa., 1898-99; Orangeville, Pa., 1900; Nesco- 
peck, Pa., 1901-02; Berwick, Pa., 1903-05; McConnellsburg and River- 
side, Pa.; ord. deacon, Episc. Ch., 1909, and priest 1910; rector, Renovo, 
Blossburg and Arnot, Pa.; m. Elsie Carl Bushey, Aug. 23, 1900; d. 
Jan., 1921. 


GUSS, JEROME MICHAEL, b. Juniata Co., Pa., Feb. 3, 1868; s. Wm. and 
Mary Ann (Moyer) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. C. Pa., Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, 


513 


1893 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Duncannon, Pa., 1896-1900; Etna, Pa., 1900-10; Middleburg, Pa., 1910- 
13; Muhlenberg, Phila., 1913-21; Luther Mem., Chgo., 1921-23; Red 
Lion, Pa., 1923- ; dir., Gbg. Sem., 1906; m. Evangeline Dimm, Oct. 
28, 1896; s. Walter D.; res., Red Lion, Pa. 


HEFFNER, WILLIAM CLINTON, b. Friedensburg, Pa., Feb. 14, 1865; 
s. Lewis and Catharine (Roeder) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1896; Ph.D., Wooster U., 1901; Ph.D., U. of Pa., 1911; Pierce 
Sch., 1916-17; Walton Sch. of Com., 1918-19; Bennett Acc. Inst., 1919- 
23; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 
1896-1902; Parkside, 1902-04; Phila. Miss. Work, 1902-23; instr., Pierce 
Sch., 1904-07, 1915-23; asst. U. of Pa., 1908-10; prof., Drake U., 1910- 
11; prof., Midland Col., 1911-12; prof., W. and J. Col., 1913; prof., 
Toledo Min. U., 1913-14; prof., Al. Col., 1914-15; prof., Thiel Coi., 
1923- ; author, Hist. Poor Relief Legislation in Pa., 1682-1913; a 
founder and member Am. Socio. Soc.; member Am. Acad. Pol. and 
Soc. Sc., 1909- ; sometime member Acad. Pol. Sc., N. Y.; m. Ella Kate 
Seltzer, June 2, 1897; she d. Feb. 5, 1902; res., Greenville, Pa. 


HILTON, FLAVIUS J., b. Altamont, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1855; s. Henry H.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; 
ord. same, 1897; pastor, Martins Creek, Pa., 1896-02; unmarried; d. 
May 4, 1918. 


HUDDLE, JOHN THOMAS, b. Rural Retreat, Va., Feb. 13, 1870; s. Wm. 
L. and Caroline V. (Copenhaver) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1891; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1896; D.D., Roanoke Col., Sus. U., Gbg. Col., 1914; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1895; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; pastor, Trinity, Germantown, 
Pa., 1896-1904; St. Paul’s, Washn., 1904- ; m. Elmira Virginia O'Neal, 
June 29, 1904; res., Washn. 


KELLY, AUSTIN A., b. Littlestown, Pa.; s. Jas. and Ellen (Harner) K.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; 
ord. same, 1896; pastor, Trindle Springs, Newville, Harrisburg, Waynes- 
boro, Winchester, Va., Norwood; trustee, Elizabeth Col., Roanoke Col., 
Std. Women’s Col.; present, Chaplain, Ist It, U. S. A.; m. Mary C. 
Bushman, Sept. 9, 1896; s. Geo. B.; res., Norwood, Pa. 


KLINE, MARION JUSTUS, b. Frederick, Md., Oct. 2, 1871; s. Wm. H. 
and Mary Ann (Engelbrecht) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1896; D.D., N. C. Col., 1901; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. Md. Syn., 
1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Pa., 1896-1901; 
First, Altoona, Pa., 1908- ; gen. sec., Bd. For. Miss. G. S., 1901-08; 


514 


ALUMNI 1893 


bd. Ch. Ext. G. S., 1899-1902; bd. Ed. G. S., 1909-18; bd. Ed. U. L. C.,, 
1918- ; chair. Com. on Rec. for Min. U. L. C., 1918- ; Quad. Cent. 
Com. Prot. Ref., 1913-18; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1913- ; pres. bd. same, 1918- 
25; trustee, Gbg. Col., 1917-21; pres., Al. Syn., 1924- ; member numer- 
ous other bds. and coms.; ed. For. Miss. Dept. Luth. Miss. Jour., 1901- 
08; author, The Ministry of Sorrow, 1900: The Church and Higher 
Ed., 1915: The Gen. of the G. S., 1918: God and Our Country, 1919: 
Prin. of the Prot. Ref., 1920: Private Conf. and Abs., 1924; m. Belle 
Faller Leeds, July 7, 1896; she d. Jan. 13, 1898; m. Annie Plitt Hummel, 
Apr. 24, 1902; res., Altoona, Pa. 


KNUBEL, FREDERICK HERMANN, b. New York, N. Y., May 22, 1870; 
s. Fred. and Anna (Knubel) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; Gbg. Sem., 1893- 
95; Leipsic U., 1895-96; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; LL.D., Thiel Col., 1919; 
ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1896; pastor, Atonement, N. Y. Cty., 1896- 
1923; Deaconess bd. G. S., abt. 10 yrs.; pres., Inner Miss. bd. G. S., sev. 
yrs.; member numerous other bds. and coms.; hon. pres., Luth. Ch. of 
Latvia; trustee, Gbg. Col.; trustee, Am. Tract Soc.; dir., Am. Inst. 
Christianity; pres., U. L. C., 1918- ; assoc. ed., Luth. World sev. yrs.; 
pres., Natl. Luth. Com. Sol. and Sailor’s Welfare; author numerous 
articles and essays; m. Christine A. G. Ritscher, June 26, 1895; children, 
Fred. R., Helen M.; she d. Dec. 16, 1923; res., N. Y. Cty. 


LEITZELL, CHARLES WILSON, b. Churchville, Pa., Feb. 12, 1890; s. 
Danl. and Anna A. (Love) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; Gbg. Sem., 
1893-95; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1910; lic., 1895; pastor, Murphysboro, III. 
1896-99; Newton, Ia., 1899-1901; St. Paul’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1901-09; 
First, Albany, N. Y., 1909-22; pres. N. Y. Syn., 1912-13, 1922-  ; pres. 
bd. trustees, Hart. Sem., 1918- ; m. Mary C. Mumper, Mar. 2, 1895; 
children, Madalyn L., Helen O., Walter E., Ralph N.; res., Albany, 
Ne Y¥3 


MYERS, LINDEN F. M., b. Fred. Co., Md., Feb. 18, 1866; s. Francis M. 
and Margaret (Minor) M.; Gbg. Col., 1891-92; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Frederick, Md., 1896-00; 
Chester Springs, Pa., 1900-01; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1901-08; Coates- 
ville, Pa., 1900-01; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1901-08; Coatesville, Pa., 1908- 
11; Ambler, Pa., 1911-13; Darby, Pa., 1913-18; Glen Rock, Pa., 1918- ; 
m. Blanche Marie Bohn, June 30, 1909; children, Lyndon B., Francis B., 
Marian M., Margaret E.; res., Glen Rock, Pa. 


NEUDEWITZ, EUGENE EDWARD, b. Berlin, Ger., Sept. 10, 1863; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn, 
515 


1893 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1896; pastor, Holy Trinity, Jersey City, N. J., 1896-1916; St. Mark’s, 
N. Y. Cty., 1921-24; d. May 17, 1924. 


OBERHOLTZER, WALTER SCOTT, b. Mifflintown, Pa., May 22, 1866; 
s. Jos. and Elizabeth (Kauffman) O.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1896; lic. N. Ind. Syn., 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, Harlan, 
Ind., 1896-99; Albion, Ind., 1899-1901; Butler, Ind., 1901-05; Dakota 
City, Neb., 1905-10; Albuquerque, N. M., 1910-13; Denver, Col., 1913- 
14; Uniondale, Ind., 1914-16; Harlan, Ind., 1916-19; m. Lena Cox, Sept. 
15, 1897; s. Walter D.; ret., res., Bristol, Ind. 


PARSONS, ELMER ELLSWORTH, b. Lewistown, Pa., Aug. 28, 1864; s. 
Geo. and Mary (Ready) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1896; lic. Al. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, St. Clairsville, Pa., 
1896-1902; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1902-08; Camden, N. J., 1908-13; Glen- 
side, Pa., 1913-19; Oreland, Pa., 1919- ; m. Rosa Nell Whitaker, 1898; 
dau., Virginia W.; res., Glenside, Pa. 


ROSENBERG, LUDWIG, b. Vienna, Austria, Sept. 27, 1870; grad. Brek- 
lum Sem.; Gbg. Sem., 1893-94; ord. Pa. M., 1894; pastor, Cogan Sta., 
Pa., 1894-95; Zion, Jersey Shore, Pa., 1895-1900; d. June 30, 1900. 


RUDISILL, ANDREW JACKSON, b. Gbg., Dec. 25, 1867; s. Emanuel and 
Leah (Spangler) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, 
New Bloomfield, Pa., 1896-99; Mt. Carmel, Pa. 1899-1906; Trinity, 
Berlin, Pa., 1906-11; St. Mark’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1911-17; Bethany, 
Altoona, Pa., 1917- ; m. Dora Briner, May 1, 1900; she d. Feb. 29, 
1904; m. Maud E. Vaughn, Apr. 2, 1906; res., Altoona, Pa. 


STOCK, HARRY BIXLER, b. Carlisle, Pa., Sept. 3, 1871; s. Jacob and 
Mary (Zeigler) S.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1891; Lchg., Carlisle, Pa., 
1891-93; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 
1896; pastor, St. Paul’s, Carlisle, Pa, 1896- ; D.D., Dickinson Col., 
1908; dir. Gbg. Sem.; sec. bd. same, 1923- ; member bd. Home Miss. 
and Ch. Ext., U. L. C., 1918-25; res., Carlisle, Pa. 


SUTHERLAND, EDGAR, b. Bergen Co., N. Y., Oct. 14, 1867; s. Geo. W. 
and Mary J. (Frederick) S.; grad. Hart. Sem., 1889; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; ord. Sus. Syn., 1896; pastor, St. John’s, 
Cumberland, Md., 1896-1902; Breakabeen, N. Y., 1904-06; E. Schodach, 
N. Y., 1906-11; Woodstock, N. Y., 1911-14; Round Top, N. Y. (ME), 


516 


ALUMNI 1894 


1915-17; Black Lake, N. Y. (Luth.), 1917-23; W. Fulton, N. Y. (ME), 
1923-24; farming, 1902-04; m. Margaret S. Kirkpatrick, Feb. 28, 1899; 
res., West Fulton, N. Y. 


WASHINGTON, J. B., colored; pastor at Gbg.; spec. stud., 1893-94; no 
details known. 


WILES, CHARLES PETER, b. Lewistown, Md., Jan. 27, 1870; s. Americus 
and Sarah (Hummer) W.; Millersville Nor. Sch., 1889-92; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1896; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1907; D.D., Carthage Col., 1913; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1895; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1896; pastor, Rossville, Pa. 1896-1901; 
Mt. Zion, Pgh., 1901-08; Keller, Mem., Washn., 1908-13; asst. prof., 
Mt. Airy Sem., 1919-24; lecturer, Gbg. Sem., 1924-25; ed. Luth, Pub. 
Soc., 1913-18; ed. S. S. Lit., U. L. C., 1918- ; author, The Challenge 
of the S. S., 1916; Upon This Rock, 1918; m. Alice Miller, June 10, 
1896; res., Phila. 


WILLIAMS, RENE HARRIS, b. Shamokin, Pa., Jan. 13, 1870; s. J. R. and 
Anna (Alter) W.; Gbg. Col., 1892-93; Gbg. Sem., 1893-94; A.M., Gbg. 
Col., 1907; lic. Kans. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Peabody, 
Kans.; 1894-97; Iowa Cty., Ia., 1897-1900; Okla. Cty., Okla., 1900-02; 
Denver, Col., 1902-04; Harrisburg, Pa., 1904-11; Hughesville, Pa., 1911- 
16; Uniontown, Pa., 1916-19; Greensburg, Pa., 1919-21; left min., 1921; 
gen. ins., Hazleton, Pa., 1921- ; m. Florence Artman, 1890; dau., Anne 
V.; res., Hazleton, Pa. 


1894 


BREDENBEK, ARTHUR, f. Hoboken, N. J., b. cl1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1897; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, Thurmont, Md., 
1897-98; San Jose, Cal., 1901-03; St. Paul’s, Glenside, Pa., 1903-c07; 
left min. 1911; journalist with Phila. Record, Press and Ledger; present 
res., unknown. 


CROMER, GEORGE CLINTON, b. Irving, Ill., Feb. 12, 1869; s. J. B. and 
Mary C. (Hedrick) C.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1897; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. 1897; pastor, Emporia, Kans., Litch- 
field, Ill., Freeport, Ill., Louisville, Ky.; left Luth. Min., 1906; founded 
Allprayer Foundlings’ Home, Louisville, Ky., 1905 and Supt. same, 
1905- ; m. Grace Kelly, 1898; adopted children, Wm., Louise, Doris; 
res., Louisville, Ky. 


HAFER, LUTHER BOWERS, b. Franklin Co., Pa.; s. David and Sarah 
Ann (Bowers) H.; grad. Cumberland Valley State Nor. Sch., 1893; 
prin. schs., Ft. Loudon, Pa., 1893-94; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; grad. 


517 


1894 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Blackstone Inst.; stud. law with W. L. Seabrook; admitted to Md. Bar, 
1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Ft. Wash., 
Pa., 1897-99; Friesburg, N. J., 1899-1902; Bethel, Phila. 1902-11; 
Taneytown, Md., 1911-23; m. Susan Jane Etter, June 8, 1897. 


HARMS, JOHN HENRY, b. Savannah, Ga., Jan. 27, 1876; s. C. H. and 
Elizabeth (Brooker) H.; A.B., Newberry Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1897; A.M., Newberry Col., 1902; D.D., Erskine Col., 1912; ord. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Trinity, Chambersburg, Pa., 1897-1900; Bethle- 
hem, Harrisburg, Pa., 1900-08; Holy Communion, Phila., 1918- ; pres. 
Newberry Col., 1908-18; ed. staff Augsburg lessons, 1909- ; m. Sarah 
Bowers Wheeler, Apr. 27, 1898; children, Kathryn, Elizabeth W.; res., 
Phila. ! 


HAZELTINE, RUTLEDGE WOOD, b. Ellicott City, Md. Jan. 22, 1873; 
s. Silas W. and Elizabeth (Rutledge) H.; grad. Balto. City Col.; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1897; lic. and ord. Md. Syn.; pastor, Quincy and Roazer- 
ville, Pa.; united with Presby. Ch. 1907; pastor, Barton, Md., and 
Adirondack Chge.; unmarried; res., Balto. 


HEUSER, WILLIAM LOUIS, b. Wytheville, Va., Apr. 23, 1870; s. Louis 
C. and Lilla E. (Deichmann) H.; Gbg. Sem., 1894-95; lic. Md. Syn., 
1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Manor, Md., 1897-1904; E. McKeesport, 
Pa., 1904-05; Athens, N. Y., 1905-08; Raymerton, N. Y., 1908-12; 
Clarksburg, W. Va., 1912-18; Newark, O., 1918-19; Upper Sandusky, 
O., 1919-21; Newcomerstown, O., 1921- ; m. Anna Luella McCann, 
Sept. 9, 1897; children, Louis G., Agnes D.; res., Newcomerstown, O. 


IBACH, WILLIAM OSCAR, b. Phila., May 23, 1872; s. Augustus G. and 
Esther (Kase) I.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; U. 
of Pa., 1898; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, Lemoyne, 
Pa., 1898-1900; Chicora, Pa., 1900-03; Glasgow, Pa., 1903-08; W. Sun- 
bury, Pa., 1908-13; St. Jas., Pgh., 1913-16; Union Bridge, Md., 1916-23; 
Salona, Pa., 1923- ; m. Lillian Blanche McCollough, Dec. 29, 1903; 
children, Esther C., Clarence A.; res., Salona, Pa. 


KEMP, MATTHEW STANLEY, b. Tamaqua, Pa., 1876; s. Matthew and 
Elizabeth (Andra-Artha) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1897; Litt.D., Potomac U., 1910; U. of Pgh., 1911-12; ord. Sus. Syn., 
1897; pastor, Smicksburg, Pa., 1897-1902; Avonmore, Pa., 1902-05; 
Turtle Creek, Pa., 1905-12; Watsontown, Pa., 1912- ; rep. Pgh. Cor- 
nishmen’s Assn. at coronation of Geo. V; popular lecturer, 1908- ; m. 
Margaret M. Couch, June 21, 1911; author, Hist. Smicksburg Chge., 1899: 


518 


ALUMNI 1894 


Boss Tom, 1904: Andre Trembath, 1905: Hist. Delaware Run Luth. Ch., 
1915: Sketches of Travel, 1912; res., Hollidaysburg, Pa. 


KILLIAN, JACOB MELVIN, b. near Waynesboro, Va., Feb. 13, 1872; s. 
Cyrus Melancthon and Sarah Frances (Pence) K.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 
1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1897; ordained W. 
Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Smithsburg, Md., 1897-1901, Blacksburg, Va., 
1904-09; retired, 1909; m. Ida Elvira Weaver, June, 1991; children, 
Evangeline, Melvin Mauzy; res., Lockland, O. 


KOLLER, PAUL WARREN, b. Glenrock, Pa., July 1, 1872; s. Jesse and 
Alice (Heathcote) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; 
D.D., Wit. Col., 1918; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Messiah, Cleve- 
land, O., 1897-1900; St. Jnos., Hudson, N. Y., 1900-12; St. Luke’s, 
Mansfield, O., 1912-20; pres., O. Syn. 1920- ; m. Mary Eliza Bol- 
linger, Apr. 24, 1901; dau., Katherine; res., Mansfield, O. 


MOTTERN, RICHARD WARREN, b. Danville, Pa. Jan. 31, 1869; s. 
Saml. and Mary (Rudy) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1897; ord. Sus. Syn., 1897; pastor, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1897-01; 
Salona, Pa., 1901-03; Punxsutawney, Pa., 1903-04; Williamstown, Pa., 
1904-09; Riverside, Cal., 1909-15; Glendale, Cal. 1915-20; with Near 
E. Relief, 1920-22; with Glendale Daily Press, 1922-23; collecting 
service, 1923- ; m. Jennie Rebecca Dougherty, Sept. 21, 1897; children, 
Elizabeth R., J. Dorsey, res., Glendale, Cal. 


NICHOLAS, J. CRAYTON, b. York, Pa. July 14, 1870; s. Jacob and 
Amelia (Weitkamp) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1897; 
pastor, Chicora, Pa., 1897-99; Avonmore, Pa., 1899-1901; Butler, Pa., 
1901-14; First, Chambersburg, Pa., 1914-18; Camp pastor in Va. 1918- 
19; Grace, Pgh., Pa., 1919- ; author, Pure Religion, 1922; m. Cora 
Best, Mar. 8, 1897; children, Gertrude, Grace; res., Pgh., Pa. 


SANFT, WILHELM OTTO GEORGE, b. Germany, Mar. 4, 1866; s. Fred. 
and Wilhelmina (Abraham) S.; U. of Berlin and Greifswald; spec. 
stud. Gbg. Sem.; A.M., N. Y. U., 1901; ord. Pa. M., 1894; pastor, 
Zion, Jersey City, N. J., 1896- ; m. Frieda Clara Burkhard, Dec. 2, 
1896; res., Jersey City. 


SEEBACH, JULIUS FREDERICK, b. Phila., Mar. 10, 1874; s. Julius and 
Sarah S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; lic. Md. Syn., 
1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, St. John’s, Maytown, Pa., 1897-1900; 


519 


1895 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Mahanoy City, Pa., 1900-07; Lewisburg, Pa., 1907-12; Hollidaysburg, 
Pa., 1913-19; New Phila., O., 1919-24; Luther Mem., Phila. 1924- ; 
m, Margaret R. Himes, Nov. 15, 1897; children, Julius F., Jno. A.; 
res., Phila. 

1895 


APPLE, ULYSSES EDMUND, b. Radner, Pa., Sept. 30, 1870; s. Geo. E. 
and Anstina (Keely) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad..Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Grace, Trenton, N. J., 
1898-1901; Red Lion, Pa., 1901-18; Trindle Springs, Pa., 1918-20; Ann- 
ville, Pa., 1920- ; m. Rachael Elizabeth Delp, June 12, 1901; children, 
Frances E., Edna M., Charlotte G.; res., Annville, Pa. 


BARBEHENN, NATHANIEL C., b. Gbg., Feb. 16, 1873; s. Henry P. and 
Mary A. (Bortner) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
employed by U. S. Govt.; m. Sallie Donnelly, June 15, 1911; dau., Mary 
V.; res., 917 Corinthian Ave., Phila. 


BELL, CHARLES KRAUTH, b. Smithsburg, Md., Dec. 11, 1870; s. Lewis 
J. and Charlotte (Marbourg) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1898; D.D., Lenoir Col., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 
1898; pastor, Salem, Va., 1898-1905; Kings Mt., N. C., 1905-19; prof. 
So. Sem., 1919- ; member bd. Home Miss. and Ch. Ext. U. S. So., 
1912-18; same, U. L. C., 1918- ; member Const. Com., U. L. C.; m. 
Alice Virginia Fox, Jan. 31, 1900; res., Columbia, S. C. 


BENDER, HARVEY WALTER, b. Bendersville, Pa., Nov. 7, 1863; s. 
Cornelius and Annie (Jacobs) B.; Grad. C. Pa. Col. (Albright), 1894; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, 
Dickinson, Pa., 1898-1901; New Chester, Pa., 1901-06; Philipsburg, Pa., 
1906-07; Schellsburg, Pa., 1907-14; Lilly, Pa., 1914-23; St. John’s, 
Juniata, Pa., 1923- ; m. Lulu Musser Schoch, July 21, 1898; adopted 
child, Lois J.; res., Juniata, Pa. 


BROSIUS, CHARLES HENRY, b. Ashland, Pa., Sept. 19, 1871; s. Peter 
K. and Catharine (Christ) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1898; lic. E. Pa. Sym, 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Grace, Sunbury, 
Pa., 1898-1907; miss. to Africa, 1907-23; pastor, Redeemer, Williams- 
port, Pa., 1923- ; m. Louella Virginia Hesse, Aug. 19, 1912; she d. 
Sept. 6, 1913; m. Serena Krapp, Nov. 24, 1919; res., Williamsport, Pa. 


BURGER, SYLVESTER CLARK, b. Jan. 24, 1870; s. Gideon and Lavinia 
(Menges) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; ord. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1898; pastor, Redeemer, Jersey City, N. J., 1898; ‘miss. to 

520 


ALUMNI 1895 


India, 1898- ; m. Magdalen Lanius Keith, 1901; s. Keith; she d. Oct. 
5, 1918; res., India. 


BYERS, JOHN EDWARD, b. Williamsport, Md., May 31, 1871; s. John 
D. and Eliza J. (Leiter) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1898; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
1898; pastor, Penbrook, Pa., 1898-1903; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1903-16; 
Grace, Balto., 1916- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., some yrs.; bd. For. Miss. G. S.; 
bd. For. Miss., U. L. C.; ex-com., U. L. C.; m. Virtue Elizabeth 
Hoover, Sept. 14, 1899; children, Helen E., Danl. H.; res., Balto. 


CLARE, HENRY EMANUEL, b. Blain, Pa., June 9, 1873; s. Richard H. 
and Lydia C. (Ziegler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Calvary, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., 1898-1904; All Saints, Phila., 1904-09; Calvary, Wilkins- 
burg, Pa., 1909-18; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Sarah A. Roth, Oct. 11, Pe 
children, Richard R., Edith; d. Bic. 26, 1918. 


COX, CLARENCE BROWN, b. Knox Co., Tenn., Apr. 18, 1873; s. Geo. 
H. and Nannie E. (McPherson) C.; A.B., N. C. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1898; D.D., Wit. Col., 1924; ord. N. C. Syn., 1898; pastor, Ashe- 
ville, N. C., 1898-1900; Ref., Greeneville, Tenn., 1900-03; Macedonia, 
Burlington, N. C., 1903-11; First, Norfolk, Va., 1911-13; pres. Va. Syn., 
1922- ; pres. Marion Jr. Col., 1916- ; prin. Midway, Tenn. H. S., 
1901-03; banker, 1913-16; m. Cordelia E. Spangler, 1899; children, 
Catherine, Cordelia; she d. 1911; m. Blanche Mearig Kuhlman, 1912; 
children, Elizabeth, Martha, C. Brown, Jr., Mary Alfred B.; res., 
Marion, Va. 


ENGLISH, JOHN SUPER, b. St. Clair. Pa, July 14, 1871; s. G. L. and 
Lydia A. (Super) E.; Thiel Col., 1887-88; Sus. U., 1890-92; A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; ord. Sus. Syn., 1898; pastor, Saxton, 
Pa., 1898-1904; Watsontown, Pa., 1904-05; Stoyestown, Pa., 1905-19; 
Williamsport, Md., 1919-22; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1922- ; dir. Gbg. 
Sem., 10 yrs.; m. Myra B. Breneman, June 8, 1904; children, Dorothy 
B., John B., Maxine M.; res., Pine Grove Mills, Pa. 


FELDMAN, WILLIAM HENRY, b. New York, July 19, 1871; s. John D. 
and Grace (Hoeyns) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
Leipsic U., 1897; Erlangen U., 1898; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1898; 
pastor, Our Savior, N. Y. City, 1898-1914; Union, York, Pa., 1914- ; 
m. Margaret Menken, Aug. 31, 1899; children, Wm. J., Ed. H., Robt. 
L., Theodore F.; res., York, Pa. 


521 


1895 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HARTMAN, WILMER ALVAH, b. Arendtsville, Pa. Nov. 3, 1868; s. 
Solomon and Sarah (Bushey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1898; pastor, 
Avonmore, Pa., 1898-99; Trinity, Wheeling, W. Va., 1899-1909; Grace, 
Pgh., Pa., 1909-14; Zion, Middletown, Md., 1914-18; m. Lulu M. Sny- 
der, June 9, 1898; children, Mary, Sarah; d. Jan. 26, 1918. 


HEINDEL, JOHN ELMER, b. Wrightsville, Pa. July 16, 1872; s. John H. 
and Mary A. (Fox) H.; B.S., Albright Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1898; D.D., Wit. Col., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pas- 
tor, Redeemer, Jersey City, N. J., 1898- ; m. Alma Dorothy Klinker, 
Nov. 5, 1903; s. John K.; res., Jersey City. 


JONES, CHARLES STORK HENNING, b. Balto.; s. Jas. H. and Virginia 
A. (Henning) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Sparrows’ Pt., Md., 1897-1900; 
Arcadia, Md., 1900-02; Steelton, Pa., 1902-04; Lionville, Pa., 1904-08; 
Lykens, Pa., 1908-23; Darby, Pa., 1923- ; author, Hist. St. Paul’s, Ar- 
cadia, Md., 1901: Hist. Zion, Lykens, Pa., 1910; m. Laura Virginia 
Armstrong, June 20, 1898; children, Edith M., Laura E.; res., Darby, 
Pa. 


KUMP, WILLIAM ANDREY, b. Littlestown, Pa., Aug. 1, 1870; s. Chas. 
T. and Julia (Barker) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Christ, Bridgeton, 
N. J., 1898-1905; Parkside, Phila., 1905-06; Grace, Mt. Carmel, Pa., 
1906-13; Trinity, Chambersburg, Pa., 1913- ; m. Pauline W. Hohen- 
statt, June 14, 1906; children, Pauline J.. Mary S.; res., Chambersburg, 
Pa, 


LANTZ, BENJAMIN REIGLE, b. Hagerstown, Md., Mar. 8, 1874; s. 
John N. and Mary (Hoffman) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1898; D.D., Midland Col.; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; 
pastor, Millersburg, Pa., 1898-1904; First, St. Joseph, Mo., 1904-11; St. 
John’s, Salina, Kans., 1911- ; pres. bd. trustees, Midland Col., 1924- ; 
m. Julia Hutt, Oct. 9, 1901; children, Josephine L., John N., Rachel H., 
Benj. R.; res., Salina, Kans. 


LECRONE, DANIEL W., b. York, Pa., Nov. 8, 1859; s. Barnhart and 
Nancy L.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 
1898; pastor, Tannersville, Pa., 1898-01; Fryburg, Pa., 1901-08; Har- 
mony Grove, Pa., 1908-12; Davidsville, Pa. 1912-18; Glasgow, Pa., 
1918-22; m. Laura M. Krout, 1893; 6 children; d. Apr. 25, 1922. 


522 


ALUMNI 1895 


LEIDICH, OTIS ORVILLE, b. Northampton Co., Pa., Mar. 8, .1870; s. 
Peter and Elizabeth (Raub) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1898; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Palmyra, Pa., 1898- 
1900; Manheim, Pa., 1900-05; Coatesville, Pa., 1914-16; Lebanon, Pa., 
1916-20; Stony Creek Mills, Pa., 1920- ; farming, 1906-12; m. Fannie 
Bear Minnich, Mar. 5, 1903; children, John M., Mary E., Anna R., David 
R.; res., Stony Creek Mills, Pa. 


LONGANECKER, ABRAM RIFE, b. Nov. 26, 1867; s. John S. and Mary 
Elizabeth L.; stu. Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. Md. Syn, 
1896; pastor, Shenandoah, Va., 1897-99, Dillsburg, Pa., 1899-1903, Swiss- 
vale, Pa., 1903-05, Dubois, Pa., 1905-12, Loysville, Pa., 1912-20, Trindle 
Spring, Pa., 1920- ; m. Agnes Harriet Snyder, July 6, 1897; children, 
Mabel G., Reider, Elizabeth, Edwin; res., Mechanicsburg, Pa. 


MILLER, LUTHER FIREY, b. Clearspring, Md., Oct. 16, 1872; s. Victor 
and Mary (Spickler) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
Johns Hopkins U., 1907-09; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, 
Westernport, Md., 1898-1904; Bethany, Balto., 1906-23; Manassas, Va., 
1925- ; unmarried. 


NEWCOMER, HARRY DAVID, b. York, Pa., July 18, 1870; s. Jos. and 
Amanda (Heilman) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, St. Matt., Allentown, 
Pa., 1898-1904; Silver Run, Md., 1904-05; Grace, Balto., 1905-16; St. 
Mark’s, Van Wert, O., 1916-19; St. John’s, Kittanning, Pa., 1922- ; 
supt. Balto. Inner Miss. Soc., 1919-22; trustee Tressler Orphanage, 8 
yrs.; Deaconess Bd., 8 yrs.; m. Mary Amanda Bowman, Oct. 6, 1898; 
dau., Ruth B.; res., Kittanning, Pa. 


REDCAY, WILLIAM IRVIN, b. McEwensville, Pa., Jan. 26, 1869; s. 
Henry and Emma (Frey) R.; Gbg. Col., 1890-91; Sus. U., 1891-92; 
A.M., Gbg. Col., 1907; D.D., same, 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; pastor, 
Oberlin, Pa., 1897-1901; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1901-08; Hanover, 
Pa., 1908-24; Clay, N. Y., 1924- ; m. Lulu May Snoddy, June 6, 1896; 
children, Wm. H., Paul I., Mark S., Luther H.; res., Clay, N. Y. 


RICHARD, MARION GILBERT, b. Fred. Co., Va., Jan. 28, 1870; s. Asa 
and Mary (Bean) R.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; pastor, Ambler, Pa., 1898- 
1904; Columbia Co., Fla., 1907-08; Chester Springs, Pa., 1908-16; E. 
Lansdowne, Pa., 1916-21; Collingdale, Pa., 1921- ; m. Anna Rodeffer, 
July 17, 1900; children, Mary V., Anna E.; Melba L., Jas. D., Ruth R. 


523 


1896 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


UHLER, GEORGE ILGEN, b. Middaughs, Pa., June 7, 1871; s. John and 
Catharine (Schoch) U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Oakland, Md., 1898-1902; 
Sparrows Pt., Md., 1902-12; Wilmington, Del., 1912-16; Jefferson, Md., 
1916-21; Lionville, 1921-25; Portage, Pa., 1925- ; m. Norine Elizabeth 
Thompson, Nov. 2, 1898; children, Romayne T., Ilgen S.; res., Portage, 
Pa 


WARING, LUTHER HESS, b. Tyrone, Pa., June 13, 1865; s. Robt. and 
Lucy (Wieland) W.; Gbg. Col., 1891-92 Harvard U., 1892-93; Berlin 
U., 1893-94; Gbg. Sem., 1895-96; A.M., Columbian U., 1904; A.B., Geo. 
Washn. U., 1905; Ph.D., same, 1909; lic. Al. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 
1896; pastor, Lovettsville, Va., 1896-99; Grace, Scranton, Pa., 1899- 
1902; Georgetown, Washn., 1906-16; actg., Zion, Washn., 1903-04; sup- 
ply, Ref., Washn., 1905-06; spec. agt., Bu. Corp., U. S. Govt., 1913-15; 
personnel officer, Fed. Trade Com., 1915- ; author, Hist. Ev. Luth. Ch. 
of Georgetown, 1909: Political Theories of Luther, 1910; m. Frances 
Fleck, June 9, 1897; children, Martha L., Anna F., Luther P.; res., 
Washn. 


WIEST, CHARLES FISHER, b. York, Pa. Feb. 12, 1873; s. William 
Henry and Mary Adaline (Fisher) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1898; D.D., Midland Col., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; 
ord. same, 1898; Pastor, Milroy, Pa., 1898-1902, Hays, Kans., 1902-20; 
Pres., Kans. Syn., 1915-16; Prof. Depts. of Phil. and Biblical Lit., and 
of English Lit., State Teac. Col., Hays, Kans., 1920-25; m. Eda Lucie 
Voss, June 26, 1906; chil., Mildred Elizabeth, Carl Fisher; res., Hays, 
Kans, 


WITMAN, HORACE MONTGOMERY, b. Wrightsville, Pa., Sept. 29, 
1872; s. William and Catherine (Deck) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; 
Gbg. Sem., 1895-96; B.D., Yale, 1898; business; m. Clara Wallower, Apr. 
16, 1903; children, Harriet, William, Barbara; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


1896 


BAUM, FREDERICK JOHN, b. Phila., Pa., May 6, 1876; s. Rev. William 
Miller and Maria Louisa (Croll) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896, M.A., 1899; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ordained same, 1899; 
pastor, Trinity, Ft. Wash. Pa., 1899-1901, Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 
1901, Trinity, Coatesville, Pa., 1901-07, St. Thomas, N. Y. C., and mis- 
sion work, 1907-16, Zion, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1916-22, First, Albany, N. Y., 
1922-23, St. John’s, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1923- ; various bds., coms. 
and comms., synodical, general and civic; m. Roberta E. Ames, Apr. 22, 
1903; she d. Apr. 15, 1916; dau., Elizabeth Maria; m. Frances Ellen 
Rew, Feb. 14, 1922; dau., Mary Jane; res., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

524 


ALUMNI 1896 


BRUBAKER, WILLIAM GEORGE, b. Walnut, Pa., Jan. 24, 1870; s. Isaac 
and Mary A. (McMullen) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1899; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1899; pastor, Phoenix- 
ville, Pa., 1899-11; Holy Trinity, Camden, N. J., 1911-16; m. Pearl 
Raby, Aug. 23, 1911; her present res., Phoenixville, Pa.; dau., Rose 
Marie; d. Nov. 8, 1916. 


CROSS, WILLIAM MORGAN, b. Emmittsburg, Md., Sept. 15, 1871; s. 
Thos. J. C.; A.B.. W. Md. Col., 1890; A.M., same, 1892; tchg., Han- 
cock, Md., 1890-92; with Balto. Conf. M. E. Ch., 1892-94; Gbg. Sem., 
1896-97 ; lic. Md. Syn., 1896; ord. Sus. Syn., 1897; pastor, Stone Church, 
Pa., 1897-99; St. Mark’s, Trenton, N. J., 1899-02; Pikeland, Pa., 1902-04; 
Berwick, Pa., 1904-05; Greencastle, Pa., 1905-18; prin., Greencastle 
H. S., 1919- ; m. Mary Ella Ruckle, Dec., 1894; 2 children; res., 
Greencastle, Pa. 


DIEHL, JOHN H., b. Bedminsterville, Pa., July 7, 1871; s. David and 
Sarah (Stever) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Brunswick, Md., 1899-1901; 
Hyde Park, Pa., 1901-02; St. Clairsville, 1902-09; Rockport, Ind., 1909- 
23; prof., Rockport, Ind., H. S., 1912-20; supt., city schs. same, 1919-23; 
m. Emma Celiste Rufe, Mar. 27, 1901; children, Wm. H., David P.; 
res., Lebanon, Pa. 


FULPER, ELMER WALTON, Hampton, N. J., June 3, 1873; s. Lemuel 
and Sarah (Carling) F.; Rider’s Bus. Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1899; 
lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Our Savior, 
Jersey City, N. J., 1899-1906; Trinity, Ft. Washn., Pa., 1907-10; 
Stewartsville, N. J., 1910-22; prof., Phillipsburg, N. J., H. S., 1917-22; 
m. Frankie Ethel Bossard, June 18, 1903; dau. Frankie E.; d. Nov. 3, 
1922. 


GABY, WILLIAM JACOB, b. nr. Bowers, Pa., Mar. 7, 1873; s. Danl. A. 
and Louise K. (Grimm) G.; A.B., Kutztown Nor. Sch., 1893; teaching, 
Rockland and Albartes, Pa.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. E, Pa. Syn., 
1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Bernville, Pa., 1899-1900; Trinity, Day- 
ton, O., 1900-11; m.; d. July 9, 1911. 


GREISS, GEORGE ALBERT, b. Alburtis, Pa., Oct. 22, 1874; s. Geo. G. 
and Anna B. (Shirey) G.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1899; D.D.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, New 
Bloomfield, Pa., 1899-1900; St. Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1900- ; dir. Gbg. 
Sem., 1914-24; Bd. For. Miss., 1917-26; m. Daisy Irene Lonabaugh, 
June 6, 1900; dau., Dorothy L.; res., Allentown, Pa. 

525 


1896 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HEMSLEY, CHAS. E., colored; pastor, A. M. E. Ch., Gbg.; spec. stud., 
1896-97; no details known. 


McCAULEY, VICTOR, b. Salem, Va., Nov. 3, 1874; s. Wm. and Margaret 
J. (Shirey) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1896; Gbg. Sem., 1896-98; D.D., 
Roanoke Col., 1919; ord. Md. Syn., 1898; miss. to India, 1898- ; pres., 
Guntur Mission, 1919-20; sec., Andhra Christian Council, 1923- ; m. 
Elizabeth Stanley, Dec. 20, 1902; res., India. 


MEISENHELDER, ROBERT LEWIS, b. Dec. 10, 1871; s. Edmund and 
Maria (Baughman) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1899; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Trinity, Harrisburg, 
Pa., 1920- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage. 


MEYER, FREDERICK WINFIELD, b. Balto.; s. Philip and Johanna 
(Lesse) M.; Gbg. Sem., 1896-98; ord. Md. Syn., 1898; pastor, Chgo., 
1898-1903; miss. supt., N. Ill. Syn., 1903-04; pastor, St. Matt., Wil- 
liamsport, Pa., 1904-08; Emmanuel, Balto., 1908-14; Lovettsville, Va., 
1920-22; Grace, Camden, N. J., 1922- ; supt., Balto., Inner Miss. Soc., 
1914-18; camp pastor, 1918-20; m. Hattie May Frink, Feb. 3, 1899; res., 
Camden, N. J. 


MOSER, IRVIN OSCAR, b. Norritonville, Pa., Nov. 26, 1868; s. Henry 
and Susanna (Smith) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Port Royal, Pa., 
1899-13; Trinity, Dayton, O., 1913-23; Grace, Dayton, O., 1923- ; m. 
Margaret Jane Rice, June 1, 1900; children, Gladys C., Lida B.; res., 
Dayton, O. 


PARKER, THEODORE CALVIN, b. nr. Gold Hill, N. C., Nov. 18, 1866; 
s. Emanuel and Margaret (Lentz); A.B., N. C. Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1899; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1899; pastor, Roanoke Co., Va., 1899- 
1901; Floyd, Va., 1901-03; St. Jnos., Concord, N. C., 1903-05; Bear 
Poplar, N. C., 1905-08; Barber, N. C., 1908-13; Troutman, N. C., 1913- 
15; Pembroke, Va., 1915-21; Blocksburg, Va., 1921-23; Gilbert, S. C., 
1924- ; m. Mary Etta Kegley, July 3, 1901; children, Lentz K., Law- 
son D., Marguerite E., Stephen E.; res., Gilbert, S. C. 


SCHAAR, CHARLES OTIS, b. Steelton, Pa., Sept. 16, 1875; s. Jacob and 
Amanda (Schriner); B. S., Gbg. Col., 1896; spec. stud., Gbg. Sem., 
1896-7; business; m. Eleanor R. Ramsey, Feb. 14, 1900; children, Syd- 
ney, Virginia; res., Camp Hill. 

526 


ALUMNI 1897 


SHIMER, HERBERT DeWESSE, b. Martins Creek, Pa., May 19, 1875; s. 
Jos. D. and Isabel (Carhart) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1899; pastor, New 
Kingston, Pa., 1899-1905; Watsontown, Pa., 1905-12; Hudson, N. Y. 
1912-17; Schenectady, N. Y., 1917- ; m. Carrie Ann Ogden, Sept. 14, 
1899; children, Clara B., Frank H., Mary R., Sarah J., Wm. L., Mar- 
garet E.; res., Schenectady, N. Y. 


SPAYDE, WEBSTER CLINTON, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Mar. 10, 1872; s. 
Wm. H. and Mary (Smith) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Rouzerville, Pa., 
1899-1905; Messiah, Homestead, Pa., 1905-06; Mt. Union, Pa., 1906-10; 
First, Punxsutawney, Pa., 1910-15; Bethany, Lima, O., 1915- ; m. 
Candise Sarah Wise, Oct. 19, 1899; s. Luther T.; res., Lima, O. 


STREAMER, CHARLES R., b. Martinsburg, Pa., Apr. 27, 1871; s. C. L. 
and Sarah (Robinson) S.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1899; lic. Md. Syn., 1898; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1899; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 
1899-1904; Dayton, O., 1904-10; Martinsburg, Pa., 1910-15; Liberty, Pa., 
1915-18; Boulder, Col., 1918- ; assoc. ed., Luth. Evan., 1894-1910; m. 
Mary L. Phipps, Oct. 23, 1900; children, Phoebe L., Paul P., Chas. T.., 
Mary E.; res., Boulder, Col. 


STUP, GRAYSON ZACHARIAS, b. nr. Frederick, Md., Jan. 25, 1873; s. 
Wm. D. and Eleanor (Brunner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1899; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1898; ord. Al. Syn., 
1899; pastor, Rays Hill, Pa. 1899-1902; St. Matt., Chester Co., Pa., 
1902-08; Lafayette Hill, Pa. 1908-17; St. Mark’s, Trenton, N. J., 1917- 
22; St. Matt., Harrisburg, Pa., 1922- ; m. Mary Almeda Motz, July 
28, 1898; children, Mary E., Harry C.; res., Harrisburg. 


YODER, JOHN OSCAR, b. Globe Mills, Pa.; s. Saml. H. and Barbara A. 
(Walter) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, First, Stewartsville, N. J.; Silver 
Run, Md.; St. Paul’s, Akron, O.; author, Journeys of Jesus: Physical 
Culture of Luther; m. A. May Yoder, 1906; res., Akron, O. 


1897 


ABEL, GEORGE FERDINAND, b. Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 5, 1872; s. Geo. 
F. and Katherine (Bachmann) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; Gbg. Sem., 
1897-99; instr., Gbg. Acad., 1898-99; B.D., Yale, 1900; Ph.D., Yale, 
1903; entered min. of Cong. Ch.; assoc. Elmwood, Providence, R. I, 
1903-04; prof. and chaplain, Mich. Military Acad., 1904-05; pastor, Kir- 

527 


1897 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


win, Kans., 1905-08; Seymour, Conn., 1908- ; m. Clara May Haskell, 
Dec. 20, 1904; res., Seymour, Conn. 


ENGLAR, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. near Uniontown, Md., Mar. 9, 1875; s. 
Basil and Julia A. (Angel) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1900; D.D., Central U., 1914; D.D., Thiel Col., 1920; Ph.D., Central U., 
1911; ord. Md. Syn., 1900; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1900-02; Youngs- 
town, O., 1902-06; Bethany, Pgh. Pa., 1906- ; trustee, Pb. Syn., 1919- 
24; trustee, Thiel Col., 1919- ; m. Mary Luella Hickman, Nov. 6, 1907; 
res., Pgh:,’ Pa. 


FRIDAY, FREDERICK WHIPP, b. Harper’s Ferry, W. Va., Sept. 10, 
1874; s. John M. and Sarah E. (Whipp) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; Gbg. 
Sem., 1897-98; grad. Mt. Airy Sem., 1900; ord. Pa. Min., 1900; supply, 
Trinity, Braddock, Pa., 1900-01; miss. in Pgh. for Pb. C. Syn., 1901-02; 
miss. in Phila., 1902-04; pastor, Zion, Olney, Phila., 1904-19; St. Paul’s, 
Millville, N. J., 1921- ; post chaplain Camp Dix, N. J., 1917-21; un- 
married; res., Millville, N. J. 


MANGES, LEWIS CLARENCE, b. Luthersburg, Pa., Feb. 1, 1875; s. Ed- 
mund and Margaret W. (Whisker) M.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1897; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1900; D.D., Sus. U., 1911, and Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1899; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1900; pastor, Hummelstown, Pa., 1900-05; 
Memorial, Harrisburg, Pa. 1905- ; dir. Gbg. Sem. 1914-24; trustee, 
Old Folks’ Home; Bd. For. Miss.; m. Margaret Elizabeth Long, June 22, 
1904; children, Danl. E., Lewis C., Willis C., John P., Geo. F., Jas. H., 
Richard E., Margaret E.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


MILLER, SAMUEL JACOB, b. Smithsburg, Md., Oct. 26, 1872; s. Levi 
and Sarah (Reynolds) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col, 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1900; lic. Md. Syn., 1899; ord. same, 1900; pastor, Sparrows Pt., Md., 
1900-02; Our Savior, Balto., 1902- ; unmarried; res., Balto. 


OTT, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 20, 1870; s. John 
T. and Emma F. (Miller) O.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1900; D.D., Sus. U., 1916; lic. Md Syn, 1899; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 1900.; 
pastor, Trinity, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1900-07; Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 
1907- ; m. Leoma Odell Weaver, Sept. 19, 1906; s. Weaver L.; res., 
Hagerstown, Md. 


SHRIVER, PEARL JOHNSTON, b. Fairplay, Pa., Sept. 30, 1875; s. David 
R. and Emma J. (Weikert) S.; Gbg. Col., 1897; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1900; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Md. Syn., 1901; pastor, Freedom, Md., 


528 


ALUMNI 1898 


1901-04; Lynchburg, O., 1904-05; Irving, Ill, 1905-07; Loogootee, IIl., 
1907-09; Vandergrift, Pa., 1909-10; Callensburg, Pa., 1910-11; Hoovers- 
ville, Pa., 1911-13; Friesburg, N. J., 1913-17; nursery stock salesman, 
1917-24; m. Amanda E. Bennett, July 10, 1901; children, Paul D., Ruth 
Wesco, e Pnila. Ps: 


SMITH, HENRY ROUZER, b. Thurmont, Md., Mar. 14, 1874; s. Ezra M. 
and Laura A. (Rouzer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; d. Oct. 2, 1897. 


STAHL, WILLIAM RUFUS, b. Hays’ Mill, Pa. Aug. 12, 1868; s. John and 
Adaline (Hay) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1900; lic. Al. 
Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1900; pastor, Liverpool, Pa., 1900-04; Shanksville, 
Pa., 1904-05; m. Bertha Tholan, Aug. 14, 1901; 1 dau.; d. Oct. 11, 1905. 


STOCKSLAGER, PHILIP THOMAS EMORY, b. Funkstown, Md., Dec. 
19, 1871; s. David K. and Mary (Waltz) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1900; lic. Md. Syn., 1899; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1900; pas- 
tor, Marysville, Pa., 1900-03; Hyde Park, Pa., 1903-04; Trinity, McKees- 
port, Pa., 1904-08; Mt. Joy, Pa., 1908-20; Worthington, Pa.,. 1920-24; 
Woodbury, Pa., 1924- ; m. Mary Grace Peters, Apr. 2, 1902; children, 
S. Mildred, Geo. H., Ruth M., Glen. H.; she d. Apr. 14, 1922; res., 
Woodbury, Pa. 


WHEELER, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Balto., Oct. 14, 1872; s. W. H. and 
Annie E. (Disney) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1900; 
D.D., Carthage Col., 1921; lic. Md. Syn., 1899; ord. same, 1900; pastor, 
Woodsboro, Md., 1900-04; Taneytown, Md., 1904-10; Chgo., IIl., 1910- 
17; St. Louis, Mo., 1917-22; Atchison, Kans., 1922- ; m. Lillie Wheeler, 
Aug. 28, 1900; res., Atchison, Kans. 


WHITE, CLIFTON GLEMM, b. Manheim, Pa., Sept. 25, 1874; s. Francis 
R. and Adelaide S. (Busser) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1900; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1899; ord. same, 1900; pastor, Trinity, 
Chambersburg, Pa., 1900-09; St. Paul’s, Millersburg, Pa., 1909-16; m. 
Eleanor Kathryn Entwisle, June 15, 1904; no children; d. Jan. 1, 1916. 


1898 


BRIGHT, WILLIAM LUTHER, b. Sept. 11, 1871; s. Jno. and Mary 
(Shearer) B.; B.S., Midland Col., 1898; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1901; ord. 
Al. Syn., 1901; pastor, Pearl City, Ia., Fairfield, Ia., Newton, Ia., Orr- 
ville, O.; m. Margaret May Engler, Aug. 15, 1901; dau., Margaret M.; 
res., Orrville, O. 


529 


1898 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


BRINER, IRA GEORGE, b. Shade Valley, Pa, Aug. 31, 1876; s. Danl. 
and Sarah E. (Parson) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; Gbg. Sem., 1898- 
1900; B.D., Wit. Sem., 1901; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1901; 
pastor, Bluffton, O., 1901-02; Cuyler St. Ch., Chicago, Ill, 1902-06; m. 
Jesse C. Comp, June 19, 1901; left min., 1908. 


ERHARD, JOHN ADDISON, f. New Millport, Pa.; A.B., Wit. Col. 
1898; Gbg. Sem., 1898-99; now d. 


HESS, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Taneytown Dist., Md., Dec. 17, 1872; s. 
Chas. and Elizabeth (Bushey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1901; lic. Md. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Brunswick, Md., 
1902- ; m. Esta M. Wachter, Dec. 20, 1905; divorced Oct. 25, 1913; m. 
Claudia Blanche Grubb, Nov. 11, 1914; res., Brunswick, Md. 


KRAFFT, JOSEPH WHERLY, b. Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 22, 1874; s. John A. 
K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; Gbg. Sem., 1898-99; hotel keeper, Glen Rock, 
Pa.; later to Decatur, Ill.; d. 1910. 


PITTENGER, SAMUEL JACOB, b. June 17, 1874; s. Lewis H. and 
Amanda (Eyler) P.; Shippensburg State Nor. Sch.; Gbg. Sem., 1898- 
1900; entered min. of M. E. Ch.; pastor, all in Pa., Harrisonville, 1901; 
Shirleysburg, 1902; Green Village, 1903; Harrisonville, 1905-07; Burnt 
Cabins, 1908-09; Pine Grove Mills, 1910-12; Concord, 1913-15; Ennis- 
ville, 1916-18; Wolfsburg, 1919-22; Breezewood, 1923- ; m. Mary Anna 
Wagaman, Apr. 12, 1900; children, Katherine, Melvin; res., Breezewood, 
Pai 


RICHARD, JAMES HENRY, b. Fred. Co., Va., Aug. 7, 1875; s. Asa and 
Mary (Bean) R.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1901; pastor, Ardmore, Pa., 1901-02; McCool Jct., 
Neb., 1911-12; Hardy, Neb., 1913-16; Grand Forks, N. D., 1916-19; 
Ardmore, Pa., 1919-21; Rural Retreat, Va. 1921- ; m. Alice Kizer 
Smith, 1902; res., Rural Retreat, Va. 


THOLAN, SAMUEL F., b. nr. Phoenixville, Pa. Dec. 25, 1869; s. Jno. 
and Hannah (Finch) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Md. Syn., 1901; pastor, Hampstead, Md., 
1901-04; Upper Dublin, Pa., 1904-08; Ambler, Pa., 1908-10; Montgom- 
ery, Pa., 1910-18; Biglerville, Pa., 1918-23; Garrett, Pa., 1923- ; m. 
Elizabeth Augusta Briel, Mar. 26, 1902; s. Saml. P.; res., Garrett, Pa. 


530 


ALUMNI 1898 


TILP, CHARLES HENRY, b. Garret, Pa, May 24, 1873; s. Geo. and 
Julia (Schlissler) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1901; pastor, Ft. Washn., Pa., 1901-06; 
Murphysboro, IIl., 1906-10; St. Paul’s, Kittanning, Pa., 1910-17; Lake- 
wood, Cleveland, O., 1917-20; Christ, Beaver Falls, Pa. 1920- ; trus- 
tee, Thiel Col., 1923- ; m. Emily J. Shipley, Aug. 29, 1901; children, 
Julia, Chas. H., Mary; res., Beaver Falls, Pa. 


VAN ORMER, ABRAHAM BROWER BUNN, b. Schellsburg, Pa., Oct. 16, 
1869; s. Wm. W. and Hannah (Bunn) V.; D.Ped., N. Y. U., A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; Columbia U.; Clark U.; U. of Pa.; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1901; pastor, Norwood, Pa., 1901-09; Shippensburg, 
Pa., 1909-14; Second, Altoona, Pa., 1914-18; Marklesburg, Pa., 1919- ; 
prof. Ursinus Col., 1907-09; prof., Irving Col., 1913-15; prof., Juniata 
Col., 1917- ; tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1894-01; author: Studies in Rel. Nur- 
ture, 1908; member Pa. State Ed. Assn., Natl. Ed. Assn., Rel. Ed. 
Assn., Natl. Soc. for the Study of Ed., Am. Assn, for the Ad. of Sci- 
ence; m. Henriette Baldwin Morehouse; s. Ed. B.; res., Huntingdon, Pa. 


WAGNER, FREDERICK RUNYON, b. New Market, N. J.; s. Geo. and 
Agnes (Runyon) W.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1917; lic. Md. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1901; pastor, Frost- 
burg, Md., 1901-10; St. Jas., Huntingdon, Pa., 1910-20; St. Jnos., Mar- 
tinsburg, W. Va., 1920- ; trustee, Natl. Home for Aged, 1920- ; 
assoc. ed., Hist. Al. Syn., 1917; m. Sarah Besse Toot, Oct. 10, 1901; 
children, Agnes E., Harriet F., Jno. F., Richard H.; res., Martinsburg, 
W. Va. 


WITT, EDWARD C., b. Lake City, Fla, Jan. 19, 1873; s. Jasper and 
Mary A. (Robarts) W.; A.B., Newberry Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1901; ord. Hol. Syn., 1901; pastor, Knoxville, Tenn., 1901-03; Lake 
City, Fla., 1903-06; Delmar, S. C., 1911-13; Newberry, S. C., 1913-14; 
Lingle, Miss., 1917-18; Lake City, Fla. 1921-23; m. Tolula S. Salter, 
1901; children, Otto, Valentine, Fred. K., E. Christine, 1 d.; res., Lake 
City, Fla. 


WOODS, ROBERT WILLIAM, b. nr. Blain, Pa., May 30, 1873; s. Wm. 
W. and Catherine (Loy) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1901; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1901; pastor, Redeemer, 
Pgh., Pa. 1901- ; dir. Homewood Bd. Trade; dir. Bd. Ch. Ext. Pb. 
Syn.; del. World’s S. S. Con., 1924; m. Martha Ella Douds, June 30, 
1909; children, Catherine M., Wayne R., Martha L.; res., Pgh., Pa. 


531 


1899 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


YEAKLEY, TAYLOR BABB, b. Winchester, Va., Oct. 22, 1874; s. Wm. 
R. and Rachel (Frieze) Y.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1901; Ph.D., Central U., 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Md. 
Syn., 1901; supt. miss. Md. Syn., 1904-07; pastor, Davis, W. Va., 1901- 
03; Temple, Pgh., Pa., 1907-08; Mt. Zion, Pgh., Pa., 1908-16; First, New 
Kensington, Pa., 1916- ; Bethesda Home Bd.; m. Agnes Irene Aggle- 
son, Sept. 6, 1904; children, Taylor B., Margaret V., Jean A.; res., New 
Kensington, Pa. 

1899 


BROWN, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Arcadia, Md.; s. Wm. J. and Jane R. 
(Gill) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; Gbg. Sem., 1899-1900; B.D., Wit. 
Sem., 1902; D.D., Wit. Col., 1920; ord. 1902; pastor, Garrett, Pa., 1902- 
04; Pgh. Pa., 1904-07; Middletown, Md., 1907-10; Balto., 1910-17; 
Springfield, O., 1917-21; St. Matt., York, Pa., 1921-25; St. Mt., Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., 1925- ; assoc. ed., Luth. Ch. Wk. and Obs., 1911-14; m. 
Beulah Elizabeth Miller, Oct. 14, 1902; children, Helen, Elizabeth, Wm., 
Ida J.; res., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


CANNADAY, ISAAC, b. Little River, Va., May 29, 1876; s. Giles and 
Sarah (Cannaday) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1902; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1904; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Sus. Syn., 
1902; miss. to India, 1902- ; sec. Ad. Bd. Gossner Luth. Ch., 1921- ; 
trustee, G. E. L. Miss. Prop., 1921- ; prof., Guntur and Ranchi Sems.; 
m. Helen Elizabeth Chandler, Apr. 19, 1911; res., India. 


DIEHL, CHARLES WILLIAM, SR., b. Seven Valleys, Pa., June 14, 1870; 
s. Jacob and Matilda (Walter) D.; A.B., Gbg. Co., 1899; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Second, 
Chambersburg, Pa., 1902-08; Mahanoy City, Pa., 1908-16; Grace, Tren- 
ton, N. J., 1916-25; Trinity, York, Pa. 1925- ; m. Anna Alberta Myers, 
Apr. 2, 1893; children, Ethel M., Chas. W.; res., York, Pa. 


DOTY, ROBERT WESLEY, b. Jefferson, Md., Aug. 23, 1876; s. Abner and 
Emily J. (Porter) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1902; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Westminster, Md., 1902-12; 
Cambridge, O., 1912-18; Rochester, Pa., 1918- ; m. Alice Roelkey, Aug. 
14, 1902; dau., Louise R.; res., Rochester, Pa. 


ENDERS, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Richmond, Ind., Feb. 11, 1878; s. Geo. 
W. and Phoebe (Miller) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1902; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. Md. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pas- 
tor, Cantonsville, Md., 1902-10; St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 1910-25; 
First, Balto., 1925- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1916-17; Bd. Jew- 


532 


ALUMNI 1899 


ish Miss., U. L. C., 1922- ; m. Grace Hubner, Oct. 7, 1902; children, 
Grace H., Mary P., Martin L., John G.; res., Baltimore, Md. 


FINCH, HERBERT, b. Ramsey, N. J., Feb. 18, 1877; s. John and Eliza- 
beth (Byard) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; U. of 
Pa., 1906-07; Berlin U., 1908-09; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1902; pastor, Geth- 
semene, Phila., 1902-08; St. Paul’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1909-23; unmar- 
ried; res., Charleston, W. Va. 


HERMAN, STEWART WINFIELD, b. York Co., Pa. Nov. 17, 1878; s. 
Simon and Mary (Rupp) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1902; D.D., Carthage Col., 1917, and Gbg. Col., 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Wrightsville, Pa., 1902-03; Zion, Harris- 
burg, Pa., 1904- ; member Bb. Pub.; member Parish and Ch. Sch. 
Bd.; trustee, Irving Col.; dir., Women’s Col.; m. Mary O’Neal Benner, 
Oct. 21, 1908; children, Stewart W., Mary E., Martha J., Janice B.; 
res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


HOFFMAN, JAMES LUTHER, b. Harleton, Pa., Sept. 3, 1874; s. Henry 
and Elizabeth (Hower) H.; A.B., Sus. U., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1902; D.D., Sus. U., 1925; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1902; 
pastor, Tremont, Pa., 1902-03; Grace, Scranton, Pa., 1903-12; Silver Run, 
Md., 1912-17; Ref., Balto., 1917- ; member Deaconess Bd., U. L. C,, 
1921- ; m. May Trenkle Garlach, June 19, 1902; children, Richard 
G., Wm. L., Sarah E.; res., Balto. 


KELLER, JOSEPH HENRY, b. Littlestown, Pa., Jan. 8, 1871; s. Jos. A. 
and Rebecca (Wehler) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1902; pastor, Shippen- 
ville, Pa., 1902-05; St. Jas., Pgh. Pa., 1905-09; Hampstead, Md., 1909- 
11; First, Philipsburg, Pa., 1911-13; York, Pa., 1913-18; Salem, Ober- 
lin, Pa., 1918- ; m. Mary Ellen Thomas, Dec. 19, 1901; children, Ruth 
T., Paul J.. Mary G.; res., Oberlin, Pa. 


LAUFFER, GEORGE NEVIN, b. Apollo, Pa., Nov. 24, 1878; s. J. D. and 
Elizabeth (Ament) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1902; 
pastor, Trinity, McKeesport, Pa., 1902-03; New Oxford, Pa., 1903-10; 
Zion, Newville, Pa., 1910-14; St., Jnos., Steelton, Pa., 1914-19; Altoona, 
Pa., 1919- ; m. Naomi Myers, Oct. 8, 1902; res., Altoona, Pa. 


McCAULEY, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Salem, Va., Oct..9, 1878; s. Wm. and 
_ Margaret (Shirey) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 


533 


1899 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1902; Johns Hopkins U., 1913-15; lic. Al. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; 
pastor, St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 1902-10; Incarnation, Balto., 1910- 
15; Lutherville, Md., 1922- ; miss. supt. S. W. Va. Syn., 1915-17; gen. 
sec., Elizabeth Col., 1917-22; m. Pearl Piper, 1906; children, Wm. P., 
Margaret B., Mary E.; res., Lutherville, Md. 


MEYER, JOHN HENRY, b: New York, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1874; s. Henry 
and Meta (Brickwedel) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1902; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1925; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1902; pastor, 
Glen Gardner, N. J., 1902-04; Hellam, Pa., 1904-06; Our Savior, Jersey 
City, N. J., 1906- ; m. Ella Bender, June 19, 1902; children, J.. Henry, 
Christine, Gerard E., Dorothy; res., Jersey City, N. J. 


MILLAR, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. Hunterstown, Pa., May 22, 1867; s. 
Jacob and Maria C. (Hoffman) M.; M.E., Cum. Val. State Nor. Sch., 
1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Md. Syn., 1902; 
pastor, Jefferson, Md., 1902-03; Mt. Pleasant, 1903-04; Manor, Md., 
1904-07; Wrightsville, 1908-17; Gordon, 1917-21; Strasburg, Pa., 1922- 
25; Annville, Pa. 1925- ; tchg., 1887-99; m. Maggie Ellen Shorb, 
Sept. 11, 1894; children, Ellen K., Chas. W.; res., Annville, Pa. 


MUSSELMAN, JOSEPH HARRY, b. Fairfield, Pa., June 26, 1877; s. Jno. 
M. and Mary C. M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, 
Newport, Pa., 1902-05; Litchfield, Ill., 1905-09; Danville, Pa., 1909-16; 
Millersburg, Pa., 1916-20; Lancaster, Pa., 1920- ; m. Ella May Toot, 
Sept. 23, 1902; dau., Lucile; res., Lancaster, Pa. 


REISCH, THOMAS, b. Halifax, Pa.; s. Danl. and Elizabeth (Bowman) 
R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; Ph.D., Ind. U., 1913; 
D.D.,Sus., Ul, 1915; lic. Es Pa., 1901; ord? Ev O: Syn, 19023) pastor, 
St. Paul’s, Leetonia, O., 1902-05; St. Paul’s, Alliance, O., 1905-07; Zion, 
Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1907-12; Christ, Harrisburg, Pa., 1912- ; dir. Sus. 
U., 1911- ; m. Edith Loraine Nold, Nov. 6, 1906; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


ROEHNER, HENRY CHARLES, b. Balto., Dec. 22, 1879; s. Christian 
and Mary R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; Gbg. Sem., 1899-1901; grad. Wit. 
Sem., 1902; D.D., Wit. Col., 1920; ord. 1902; pastor, Hoagland, Ind., 
1902-07; Trinity, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1907-20; First, Mansfield, O., 
1920- ; dir., Wit. Col.; assoc. ed., Luth.; res., Mansfield, O. 


STAMETS, AMOS MAXWELL, b. Kennedyville, N. J., Jan. 18, 1873; s. 
Robt. and Mary (Cox) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 


534 


ALUMNI 1900 


1902; D.D., Sus. U., 1919; lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1901; ord. same, 1902; 
pastor, Augsburg, Harrisburg, Pa., 1902- ; m. Blanche Nevada Grauer, 
Apr. 5, 1910; dau., Alfarata; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


STRAW, JACOB HIRAM, b. Ansonville, Pa. Dec. 14, 1870; s. Arthur B. 
and Sarah M. (Smith) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem.,, 
1902; lic. Al. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; miss. to Africa, 1902-04, 
1909-13; pastor, St. Luke’s, N. Baltimore, O., 1905-07; Trenton, N. J., 
1907-09; m. Nellie Angela Cashman, Mar. 3, 1903; now Mrs. Rev. 
F. S. Shultz; dau., Ruth; d. Apr. 20, 1913. 


1900 


BOTTIGER, CHARLES SAMUEL, b. Cowan, Pa., Nov. 8, 1875; s. Isaac 
and Caroline (Kepler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; 
B.D., Wit. Sem., 1903; ord. E. O. Syn., 1903; pastor, Magnolia, O., 
1903-09; Belleville, Pa., 1909-15; Berwick, Pa., 1915- ; m. Rose Kine 
Grosch, Aug. 1903; s. Ernest G.; res., Berwick, Pa. 


BREGENZER, OTTO EDWARD, b. Balto., Mar. 16, 1877; s. Chas. A. and 
Elizabeth (Kliensmith) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, Myersville, Md., 1903-05 ; 
Union Bridge, Md., 1905-12; Bridgeton, N. J., 1913-20; m. Anna L. 
Groscup, Dec. 31, 1903; children, Louisa W., Mary C.; d. Sept. 20, 1920. 


BROWNMILLER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Union Deposit, Pa., June 17, 
1877; s. E. S. and Minnie (Zimmerman) B.; Lebanon Valley Col., 1896- 
1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-01; grad. Sus. U. Theo., 1904; ord. Sus. Syn., 
1904; asst. St. Mark’s, Reading, Pa., 1904- ; unmarried; res., Read- 
ing, Pa. 


CLANEY, WILKINS BLAIR, b. Pgh., Pa., June 2, 1872; s. Wm. M. and 
Polly C. (Bryan) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1903; pastor, Kellersburg, Pa., 
1904-07; Chicora, Pa. 1907-10; Holy Trinity, Pgh, Pa. 1910-13; 
Smicksburg, Pa., 1913-14; Du Bois, Pa. 1914-21; Blairsville, Pa., 
1921- ; m. Ada Irene Blocher, June 1, 1904; s., W. Blair; res., Blairs- 
ville, Pa. 


CLARE, ROBERT DAVID, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Jan. 28, 1877; s. Richard 
and Lydia (Ziegler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; 
D.D., Gbg. Col.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, St. 
Matt., York, Pa., 1903-11; First, Johnstown, Pa., 1911-18; St. Mark’s, 


535 


1900 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Balto., 1918- ; bd. Ed. G. S., 1917-18, and U. L. C., 1918- ; m. Mary 
Ada McLinn, Oct. 27, 1903; children, Eleanor M., Katharine M., Robt. 
D.; res., Balto. 


ERNEST, HARRY BEALOR, b. Aug. 8, 1873; s. Geo. and Elizabeth 
(Bealor) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1903-07; 
Tarentum, Pa., 1907-17; St. Matt., Erie, Pa., 1917-21; Freeport, Pa., 
1921-23; Washington, Pa., 1923- ; m. Kate Edith Bonawitz, Feb. 17, 
1904; dau., Margaret E.; res., Washn., Pa. 


FREY, WILLIAM W., b. York Co., Pa., Nov. 14, 1876; s. Henry F. and 
Cassandra (Shriver) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; 
B.D., Wit. Sem., 1903; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1904; pastor, Brookville, Pa., 
Martinsburg, Pa., Sidman, Pa., Troy, N. Y., Rhinebeck, N. Y.; m. Bertha 
I. Kelier, Dec. 21, 1902; children, Walter F., Margaret C., Gerald P., 
Stephen W.; res., Rhinebeck, N. Y. 


GILBERT, ADDISON DANIEL, b. Phila., Apr. 8, 1874; s. Addison D. 
and Margaret L. (Ware) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900- 
02; B.D., Wit. Sem., 1903; lic. Wit. Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, 
W. Liberty, O., 1903-06; Battle Creek, Mich., 1906-12; Columbia City, 
Ind., 1912-13; m. Laura Frances Hitchener, Sept. 15, 1903; no children; 
d. Dec. 18, 1913. 


HEILMAN, JAMES FRANK, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Oct. 4, 1878; s. Rev. 
Lee M. and Laura (Humes) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; spec. stud., 
Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Wit. Col., 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 
1902; pastor, York Springs, Pa., 1901-04; Kans. City, Mo., 1904-05; 
Wooster, O., 1905-12; Canton, O., 1912-20; Sioux City, Ia., 1920-24; 
Field Sec., For. Miss. Bd., U. L. C., 1924-25; Shippensburg, Pa., 1925-  ; 
m. Kathleen Williford, 1906; children, Mary, Lee, Kathleen, Frank; 
she d. Jan. 26, 1916; m. Agnes Luid, Aug. 20, 1920; res., Shippensburg, 
Bae 


HITCHENER, STEPHEN, b. Friesburg, N. J., Feb. 9, 1878; s. Geo. and 
Mary (Johnson) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, Martin’s Creek, Pa., 
1903-06; Xenia, O., 1906-10; Spencerville, Ind. 1910-11; m. Eva C. 
Flitchinger, June 24, 1903; she d. Aug. 12, 1904; m. Estella Carman, 
Aug. 21, 1906; s. Lowell E.; d. Nov. 17, 1911. 


HUMMER, JOHN ILGEN, b. Middaughs, Pa., Feb. 2, 1872; s. Saml. and 
Lydia (Florey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. 


536 


ALUMNI 1900 


W. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Tannersville, Pa., 
Glen Gardner, N. J., Oberlin, Pa., Seven Valleys, Pa. Mt. Carmel, 
Manchester, Pa., Littlestown, Pa., 1925- ; m. Alta Yeghart, Aug. 17, 
1904; s., Paul N.; res., Littlestown, Pa. 


KNITTLE, JOHN FREEZE, b. Catawissa, Pa., Feb. 8, 1877; s. Jos. B. 
and Rebecca (Berninger) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1903; Ph.D., Central U., 1925; ord. Sus. Syn., 1903; pastor, Redeemer, 
Williamsport, Pa., 1903-11; Zion, Manheim, Pa. 1911- ; m. Lillie 
Willits Fahringer, Apr. 26, 1906; children, Jos. L., Mary C.; res., 
Manheim, Pa. 


LANGHAM, JOSEPH G., b. Duncansville, Pa., Apr. 8, 1875; s. Jas. and 
Anna (Shank) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1902; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Marysville, Pa., 1903-06; 
Clarion, Pa. 1906-10; Manorville, Pa. 1910- ; m. Edna Margaret 
Donnelly, Sept. 6, 1899; children, Hudson S., Mary M., Jos. G.; res., 
Manorville, Pa. 


LEATHERMAN, CLARENCE GORDON, b. Lewistown, Md., Dec. 26, 
1875; s. Levi C. and Elizabeth (Derr) L.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1900; 
B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1902; 
ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Lemoyne, Pa., 1903-06; New Castle, 
Pa., 1906-11; Vandergrift, Pa., 1911-16; Manchester, Md., 1916-23; 
Hummelstown, Pa., 1923- ; m. Elfie Irene Cramer, Nov. 19, 1903; 
children, Paul K., Levi H., Clarence D.; res.,. Hummelstown, Pa. 


MANKEN, HENRY, Jr., b. Balto., Dec. 25, 1876; s. Henry and Mary 
(Binding) M.; grad. Balto. City Col., 1897; Johns Hopkins U., 1898- 
1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. Md. Syn., 1902; ord. Hart. Syn., 
1903; pastor, Oneonta, N. Y., 1903-08; St. Luke’s, Balto., 1908-18; In- 
carnation, Washn., 1918- ; prof., Deaconess Trg. Sch., Balto., 1911- ; 
m. Harriet Virginia Bream, Oct. 12, 1904; res., Washn. 


MILLER, WILLIAM J., Jr., b. Phila., 1879; s. Wm. J. and Mary A. 
(Grim) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-01, 1906-08; B.D., 
same, 1908; student sec., Y. M. C. A., 1901-06; ord. 1908; pastor, Taber- 
nacle, Phila, 1908- ; m. Mary Dunn Willing, Oct. 29, 1913; res., 
Phila. 


MILLER, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, b. Friesburg, N. J., Jan. 2, 1873; s. 
Wm. A. and Sarah M. (Miller) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. Sus. Syn., 1903; miss. to Africa, 
1903-06; d. Mar. 27, 1906. 

537 


1900 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


SIEBER, JOHN LUTHER ALDEN, b. Somerset, Pa., Aug. 19, 1879; s. 
L. L. and Josephine (Rothrock) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1903; Yale U., 1904-07; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1924; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, First, New Haven, Conn., 1903-14; 
St. Mark’s, Roanoke, Va., 1914- ; bd. Home Miss. U. Syn. S., 1916-18: 
pres., bd. trustees So. Orphanage, 1921- ; bd. For. Miss. U. L. C., 
1924- ; m. Hilda Maria Millen, Sept. 7, 1910; children, Margaret R., 
Mary E., Homer A.; res., Roanoke, Va. 


SMYSER, MARTIN MOSSER, b. Lisburn, Pa., Jan. 19, 1875; s. Henry 
and Catherine (Shetter) S.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., Sept. 
to Dec., 1900; White’s Bib. Sch., 1909-11; ord. Disc. Ch., 1910; supply 
Disc. Chs., N. Y. City, 1909-11; pastor, Cong. Ch., Me., 1911-14; Ind. 
Miss., Yokote, Akita, Ken, Japan, 1914- ; asst. sec, Y. M. C. A,, 
Orange, N. J., 1901-02; gen. sec., Y. M. C. A., Norristown, Pa., 1902- 
03; tchr., Hagi, Japan, Mid. Sch., 1903-07; tchr., Osaka, Japan, Hi. Com. 
Sch., 1907-09; m. Carme Hostetter, May 13, 1905; dau., Lois; res., 
Yokote, Japan. 


TRAUB, FRANK MILTON, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Oct. 4, 1873; s. Jona- 
than and Eliza (Graul) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem, 
1903; ord. 1903; pastor, Millersville, Pa., 1903-05; Lima, O., 1905-09; 
W. Liberty, O., 1909-11; miss. to Africa, 1911-22; m. Laura K. McNeal, 
July 28, 1903; children, John L., Mary E.; her res., Espy, Pa.; he d. 
May 7, 1923. 


WEIGLE, LUTHER ALLEN, b. Littlestown, Pa., Sept. 11, 1880; s. Elias 
D. and Hannah (Bream) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; A.M., same, 1900; 
Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; Ph.D., Yale U., 1905; D.D., Carleton Col., 1916, 
and Gbg. Col., 1917; Litt.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1925; lic. Al. Syn., 1902; 
ord. same, 1903; pastor, Bridgeport, Conn., 1903-04; prof., Carleton Col., 
1905-16; prof., Yale U., 1916- ; entered min. of Cong. Ch., 1916; com- 
mission Moral and Rel. Ed., Natl. Coun. Cong. Chs., 1913-21; member 
Com. on Missions, 1919-23; dir., Cong. Ed. Soc. and Cong. Pub. Soc., 
1917-. ; Chairman, Com. on Pubs., 1919- ; Int. Council Rel. Ed. Ex. 
Com., 1914- ; chairman, Com. on Curriculum, 1923- ; member Int. 
S. S. Lesson Com., 1915- ; chairman, sub-com. on Graded Lessons, 
1916-20; chairman, com. of 7 on Policy, 1919-20; chairman, com. on 
Group Lessons, 1920- ; chairman, Jt. Ad. Com. on Materials and Meth- 
ods of Rel. Ed. in For. Lands, 1923- ; chairman, Com. on Christian 
Ed., Fed. Council, 1925- ; member Ex. Com. World’s S. S. Assn., 
1924- ; chairman, Com. on Lesson Courses, 1924- ; author, Pupil and 
the Teacher, 1911: Talks to S. S. Teachers, 1920: Training the Devo- 


538 


ALUMNI 1901 


tional Life, 1919: Training of Children in the Christian Family, 1921: 
Christian Ed. of Am. Children, 1925; m. Clara R. Boxrud, June 15, 
1909; children, Richard D., Luther A., Margaret H., Ruth A.; res., New 
Haven, Conn. 


1901 


BAKER, JOSEPH BAER, b. Lititz, Pa, Feb. 17, 1877; s. Jacob and 
Amelia (Baer) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; D.D., 
Gbg. Col.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, St. Peter’s, 
York, Pa., 1904-06; St. Paul’s, Newport, Pa., 1906-09; St. Jas., Gbg., 
1909-22; Zion, Indiana, Pa., 1922- ; author, Hist. St. Jas., Gbg., 1921; 
m. Rena Lindner, Sept. 15, 1904; children, Clara A., Dorothea L., Jos. 
J., Rena L.; res., Indiana, Pa. 


BEAN, ARHUR N,, b. Riegelsville, Pa., July 18, 1877; s. Tobias and 
Elizabeth (Nicholas) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
D.D., Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 
1904; pastor, First, Paterson, N. J., 1904- ; m. Ada Marguerite Horine, 
Dec.. 12, 1907; children, Beatrice S., Marian H., Charlotte H., Elizabeth 
R.; res., Paterson, N. J. 


BURNITE, DAVID CLARK, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Apr. 24, 1875; s. David 
C. and Mary (Till) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J., 1904; pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 
1904-06; St. Peter’s, York, Pa., 1906-12; Galion, O., 1912-16; Danville, 
Pa., 1916-22; Cambridge, O., 1922-24; Warren, O., 1924-25; Sharps- 
burg, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ida May Breidenbaugh, Oct. 5, 1904; children, 
Mary I., David C., Elizabeth E.; res., Sharpsburg, Pa. 


EASTERDAY, GEORGE HORINE, b. Jefferson, Md., Oct. 30, 1879; s. 
Geo. E. and Sarah (Horine) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, Millville, Pa., 1904- 
05; Stewartsville, N. J., 1905-07; left min., 1907; office work since 
1907; m. Jessie Anna Ziegler, June 16, 1904; res., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


EVELER, GEORGE HENRY, b. Middletown, Pa., Dec. 3, 1873; s. John 
and Mary (Genkes) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 
1904-11; Monesson, Pa., 1912-14; Dillsburg, Pa., 1914-22; Littlestown, 
Pa., 1922-25; Washington, D.C., St. John’s, 1925- ; m. Emma Esther 
Zinn, Mar. 14, 1905; children, Margery, Frances, Robert, Sarah, Ida, 
Jean, Martin L., John, Sydney; res., Washington, D.C. 


539 


1901 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


FREAS, WILLIAM, b. Hughesville, Pa., Oct. 5, 1880; s. Wm. S. and 
Ella A. (Streeper) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1904; pastor, Bethany. 
N. Y. City, 1904-16; Holy Trinity, Jersey City, N. J., 1916-17; office 
sec., Natl. Luth. Com., 1917-23; sec., Inner Miss. Bd. G. S., 1915-18; 
sec. same, U. L. C., 1918-19; ex. sec. same, 1919- ; m. Mary Rogers 
Stryker, July 8, 1908; she d. Nov. 11, 1909; m. Amelia Behr Welling- 
ton, July 31, 1913; s. Wm. B.; res., Rosedale, L. I. 


GERSTMYER, HENRY LEWIS, b. Balto., Feb. 21, 1874; s. Henry G. and 
Catharine (Gephardt) G.; Johns Hopkins U., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; pastor, Bainbridge, 
Pa., 1904-06; Marysville, Pa., 1906-10; New Berlin, Pa., 1910-14; Man- 
chester, Pa., 1914-18; Newville, Pa., 1918-23; Bethany, Balto., 1923- ; 
m. Mabel Brenner, 1907; children, Dorothy M., Newell M., Paul S.; 
she d. 1919; m. Ella Mae Hackett, Nov. 22, 1923; res., Balto. 


GOOD, WILLIAM IRA, b. Lyon Sta., Pa., May 16, 1878; s. Willoughby 
and Fayetta (Folk) G.; Keystone State Nor.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, St. Matt., Allentown, 
Pa., 1904-07; Grace, Bellwood, Pa., 1907-14; Grace, Johnstown, Pa., 
1914- ; dir., Luth. Women’s Col.; m. Cora Carolyn Kutz, June 30, 
1904; children Wm. K.,, Marjorie C., Donald K., Paul K.; res., Johns- 
town, Pa. 


GROSS, LUTHER WAGNER, b. Mar. 18, 1876; s. Danl. and Lydia (Wag- 
ner) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; ord. Sus. Syn., 
1904; pastor, Hampstead, Md., Jonesboro, Ill., Rockport, Ind, Mt. 
Holly Springs, Pa., Washingtonville, O., Strasburg, O., Ebenezer, Ind., 
Indianapolis, Ind., Shenandoah, Va., Sylvan, Pa., Glasgow, Pa.; m. 
Myrtle Alma Moon, June 15, 1904; children, Herbert L., Mary F., Robt. 
M., Wm. H., Elsie W., Paul F., Grace M.; res., Glasgow, Pa. 


HAFER, DAVID SEYMOUR, b. nr. Chambersburg, Pa., Nov. 1, 1874; 
s. David and Sarah (Bowers) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1904; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, Scalp Level, 
Pa., 1904-09; Gallitzin, Pa., 1909-10; Phillipsburg, N. J., 1910- ; m. 
Annie Amelia McCarney, Feb. 7, 1905; children, Luther S., Sarah; res., 
Phillipsburg, N. J. 


HANSON, HENRY WILLIAM ANDREY, b. Wilmington, N. C., Mar. 12, 
1882; s. Louis and Augusta (Glameyer) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1901; 
B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1918; LL.D., Lafayette and 

540 


ALUMNI 1901 


Bucknell, 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1904; pastor, 
St. Luke’s, Pgh., 1906-12; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1913-23; member 
numerous bds. and coms.; preaching staff U. of Pa., Pa. State, Muhlen- 
berg Col., Mercersburg Col.; pres., Gbg. Col., 1923- ; m. Elizabeth 
Trimble Painter, June 1, 1904; children, Henry W. A., J. Painter, Robt. 
D.; res., Gbg. 


HARTMAN, HERBERT HOLLINGER, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Mar. 10, 
1878; s. Aaron and Julia (Hollinger) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1904; 
pastor, Bridgeport, Conn., 1904-08; Newville, Pa., 1908-10; Augsburg, 
Balto., 1910- ; m. Catherine Hollabaugh Tipton; children, Julia C., 
Anne E., Martha P., Herbert H.; res., Balto. 


HETRICK, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Shellsville, Pa., Oct. 13, 1877; s. David 
and Amelia (Hetrick) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
D.D., W. Md. Col., 1920; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. 
Syn., 1904; pastor, Calvary, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1904-07; Immanuel, Phila., 
1907-11; Grace, Westminster, Md., 1911-20; Trinity, Connelsville, Pa., 
1920- ; m. Mary Margaret Deatrick, Apr. 27, 1905; children, Eliza- 
beth A., David W.; res., Connelsville, Pa. 


KRAMER, KARL WILLIAM, b. Rockport, Ind., Dec. 10, 1873; s. Henry 
and Katherine (Bretz) K.; A.B., Ind. U., 1901; Gbg. Sem., 1901-03; 
lic. Frank. Syn., 1903; pastor, Berne, N. Y., 1903-05; St. Paul’s, Louis- 
ville, Ky., 1905-16; rt., 1916; unmarried; res., Rockport, Ind. 


KROUT, JOSEPH D., b. Jefferson, Pa., Mar. 1, 1879; s. Adam H. and 
Lucinda (Blair) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; pastor, Stone Church, Pa., 
Hellam, Pa., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Maytown, Pa., Audubon, N. J.; m. 
Flora Blanche Spangler, Aug. 24, 1904; children, Puria B., Jos. D., 
Evelyn K., res., Audubon, N. J. 


LEONARD, CHARLES, b. Phila., Pa., Dec. 21, 1878; s. William H. and 
Esther C. (Crandall) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; D.D., Sus. U., 1916; 
pastor, Wrightsville, Pa., 1904-07; Pgh. Pa., 1907-12; Selinsgrove, Pa., 
1912-17; Williamsport, Pa., 1917-25; Tulsa, Okla., 1925- ; asst. prof., 
Homiletics, Sus. U., 1914-17; Y. M. C. A. service, France, 1918; res., 
Tulsa, Okla. 


McCARNEY, JOHN CALVIN, b. Arendtsville, Pa., June 22, 1876; s. J. D. 
and Susan (Oyler) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
541 


1901 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, York, Pa., 1904-07; 
Friedens, Pa., 1907-22; Quickel’s, Pa., 1922- ; m. Beulah Rebecca Mil- 
ler, May 16, 1905; children, G. Wayne, Linerre J., Mahlon A., Frieda 
J., Vivian J.; res. near York, Pa. 


MOSER, WARREN ANSON, b. Worcester, Pa., Nov. 8, 1878; s. Jacob 
and Lillian (Anson) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Thompsontown, Pa., 1904-11; Louisville, 
Ky., 1911-18; Liberty, Pa., 1918- ; m. Dora Mae Smith, May 19, 1904; 
children, Lillian, Helen, Sarah R.; res., Liberty, Pa. 


MULLEN, PHILIP HIRAM RIBALD, b. Ringgold, Md., Oct. 25, 1878; 
s. Amos F. and Hannah S. (Oswald) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, May- 
town, Pa., 1904-08; Freeport, Ill., 1908-15; Swissvale, Pa, 1915- ; ed. 
Luth. Mo., 1919- ; m. Clara Walker O’Neal, Feb. 1, 1905; children, 
Elizabeth C. O., John P. E.; res., Swissvale, Pa. 


RHOADS, HENRY SYLVESTER, b. Somerset, Pa., Apr. 6, 1871; s. Wm. 
M. and Susan (Gumbert) R.; B.E., Calif. State Nor. Sch. 1894; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. Al. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. 
and N. J. Syn., 1904; pastor, Trinity, Newark, N. J., 1904-07; Johns- 
town, Pa., 1907-16; First, Leipsic, O., 1916-22; Zion, Lebanon, Pa., 
1922- ; m. Sudie E. Seacrest, 1904; s., Paul; res., Lebanon, Pa. 


SCHERER, JOHN JACOB, Jr., b. May 6, 1881; s. John J. and Katharine . 


(Killinger) S.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; D.D., 
Roanoke Col., 1917; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. Md. Syn., 1904; pastor, 
Grace, Fairmont, W. Va., 1904-06; First, Richmond, Va., 1906- ; pres., 
Va. Syn., 1922; pres., Bb. Konnarock Trg. Sch., 1924- ; member W. 
Indies Bd., U. L. C., 1922- ; member Inner Miss. Bd., U. L. C., 1924- ; 
trustee, Marion Col., 1918- ; trustee, Luth. Orphanage, Salem, Va., 
1916- ; assoc. judge, Juvenile and Dom. Rel. Court, 1917- ; sec., Va. 
Home and Ind. Sch. for Girls, 1914- ; dir., Richmond Com. Fund, 
1924- ; dir., Assoc. Charities, Richmond, Va.; m. Anna Belle Down- 
tain, Dec. 13, 1906; children, John J., Jas. G., Harriet A., Katharine E., 
Mary G.; res., Richmond, Va. 


STONER, JACOB RUSH, b. Mercersburg, Pa., May 15, 1875; s. John and 
Anna Elizabeth (Clapsaddle) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1901, A.M., 1905; 
Gbg. Sem., 1901-03; Yale U., 1905; Harv. U., 1907; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1905; author 39 unpublished books or compositions on philosophy, ethics, 
aesthetics, religion, and poems and dramas; lecturer and evangelist; 
m. Flora Margaret Baldwin, 1913; res., Boulder, Colo. 


542 


ate a 


ALUMNI 1902 


1902 


BASTIAN, CALL PIATT, b. Feb. 8, 1864; s. John C. and Cathrine 
(Moore) B.; Muncy Nor. Sch., 1884-87; Sus. U., 1889-92; A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1894; Gbg. Sem., 1902-03; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Littles- 
town, Pa., 1903-07; Keyser, W. Va., 1907-12; Christ, Charleroi, Pa., 
1912-19; Trinity, Berlin, Pa, 1919- ; m. Clemmie Cathrine Follmer, 
Dec. 14, 1888; children, Fred. F., Ruth, Kathryn V.; res., Berlin, Pa. 


CLARE, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Chambersburg, Pa. Mar. 5, 1880; s. 
Richard and Lydia (Zeigler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1905; D.D., Thiel Col., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 
1905; pastor, Spring Grove, Pa, 1905-14; Apollo, Pa, 1914- ; m. 
Alice Mabel Kuhlman, June 26, 1907; children, Luther K., Martha C., 
Edna M., Jno. R., David W.; res., Apollo, Pa. 


COOPER, EDGAR R., b. Mt. Falls, Va., Dec. 24, 1876; s. Randolph and 
Annie (Bean) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1902; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1905; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1905; pastor, Glen 
Gardner, N. J., 1905-08; First, Bridgeport, Conn., 1908-17; Chester 
Springs, Pa., 1917-25; Ft. Washn., Pa., 1925- ; m. Lillian L. Watson, 
Aug. 28, 1902; she d. May 4, 1902; m. Blanche L. Fulper, June 16, 1909; 
children, Paul E., Leland T., Donald L.; res., Ft. Washn., Pa. 


CULLEN, SILAS HARMAN, b. nr. Jefferson, Md., Oct. 14, 1875; s. J. 
Harman and Lucinda C.; A.B.; Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Reisterstown, Md., 
1905-18; Seven Valleys, Pa, 1918- ; m. Grace Fleming Russell, Apr. 
10, 1918; res., Seven Valleys, Pa. 


FOX, JOHN T., b. Danboro, Pa., Nov. 1, 1878; s. Clinton and Anna 


(Riley) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1904; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Dillsburg, Pa., 1905-07; 
Oberlin, 1907-09; E. Pgh. Pa., 1910-12; Conshohocken, Pa., 1912-24; 
Coatesville, Pa., 1924- ; actg. Summerhill, Pa., 1909-10; m. Minnie 
F. Groff, Feb. 28, 1906; children, Luther M., Dorothy E., Elizabeth; 
res., Coatesville, Pa. 


HENRY, LUTHER EUGENE, b. Blain, Pa., Apr. 18, 1877; s. Wm. D. and 
Elizabeth (Rowe) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; 
lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Lebanon Chge., 
York Co., Pa., 1905-14; Penbrook, Pa., 1914-24; m. Lulu Teressa Pryor, 
Sept. 6, 1905; s., Paul E.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


543 


1902 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


HIGHTMAN, FREDERICK ARNOLD, b. Burkittsville, Md., Jan. 10, 1876; 
s. Martin L. and Lovetta (Arnold) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1905; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1905; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1905-08; 
Epiphany, Balto., 1908- ; unmarried; res., Balto. 


KOSER, JOHN GELWICKS, b. Riegelsville, Pa., Mar. 12, 1881; s. David 
and Rachel (Gelwicks) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Col. 
1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syd., 1905; pastor, Eglon, W. 
Va., 1905-07; Freeport, Pa., 1907-11; Carnegie, Pa., 1912-14; Leiters- 
burg, Md., 1914-23; Glade, Pa. 1923- ; m. Lula May Little, Oct. 18, 
1905; children, John T., Chas. G., Wm. A.; res., Glade, Pa. 


MARTIN, DAVID SYLVESTER, b. Hanover, Pa., Nov. 8, 1880; s. David 
F. and Mary J. (Nonemaker) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; A.M., same, 
1907; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; 
pastor, New Freedom, Pa., 1905-12; Hallam, Pa., 1912-17; St. Paul’s, 
New Cumberland, Pa., 1917-21; Grace, York, Pa. 1921- ; m. Mary 
Sidney Byers, June 17, 1908; s. Richard B.; res., York, Pa. 


NEY, WILLIAM CRAMP, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Apr. 8, 1879; s. Solomon 
and Laura (Cramp) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syn., 1905; pastor, Keyser, W. Va, 
1905-06; Elkins, W. Va., 1906-10; Newport, Pa., 1910-20; Brookline, Pa., 
1920- ; m. Elsie Baker, June 12, 1907; children, Florence E., Wm. L.; 
she d. July 2, 1918; m. Mrs. May K. L. Charlton, Mar. 30, 1921; res., 
Brookline, Pa. 


NICELY, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Dewart, Pa. Feb. 13, 1877; s. 
John F. and Mary E. (Hartranft) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1905; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; ord. Sus. Syn., 1905; pastor, 
Zion, Newville, Pa., 1905-08; St. Matt., Reading, Pa., 1909-12; St. 
Mark’s, Hanover, Pa., 1912-25; Williamsport, Pa., 1925- ; bd. Pub. 
1913-26; Y. M. C. A. sec., 1901-02; m. Harriet Elizabeth Weigle, Oct. 
25, 1905; children, Danl. W., Elizabeth H.; res., Williamsport, Pa. 


NULL, ARTHUR GARFIELD, b. Carroll Co., Md., May 20, 1880; s. Jacob 
and Emily (Myers) N.; A.B., W. Md. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1904; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Pikeland, Pa., 
1905-07; Fairmount, W. Va., 1907-08; Jefferson, 1908-14; Petersburg, 
Pa.; 1914-17; Ellicott City, 1917-21; Ascension, Balto. 1921- ; m. 
Zelma Irene Eckard, June 7, 1905; children, Wm. A., Ruth M., Hannah 
L.; res., Balto. 


544 


ALUMNI 1902 


NULL, THURLOW WASHBURN, b. Taneytown, Md., Nov. 13, 1877; s. 
Francis C. and Laura (Bollinger) N.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; stud. 
Johns Hop. U., 1 yr.; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Manchester, Pa., 
1905-07; entered ministry Episc. Ch., 1907; rector, Eagles Mere, Pa., 
1907-09; Steelton, Pa., 1909-10; Fostoria, O., 1910-15; Calumet, Mich., 
1915-20; Gbg., Pa., 1920-24; m. Anna Belle Witherow, Sept. 28, 1905; 
children, Francis W., Amelia V., Cleveland L., Donald W.; res., Taney- 
town, Md. 


POFFENBARGER, REESE SAINT CLAIR, b. Rohersville, Md., Mar. 6, 
1880; s. Wm. and Marion (Barnes) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Woods- 
boro, Md., 1905-17; Glade, Pa., 1921-22; Lovettsville, Va., 1922-25; 
Marietta, Pa., 1926- ; supply, Braddock, Md., 1918-21; farming, 1918- 
21; m. Nannie F. McCoy, June 7, 1905; children, Hypathia, Hannah, 
Wilhelmina, Nancy; she d. July 25, 1915; m. Maude E. Albaugh, Mar. 
6, 1916; children, Reese, Jeannette; res., Marietta, Pa. 


REIMER, WILLIAM H. W., b. Stone Church, Pa., Jan. 21, 1880; s. John 
D. and Josephine (Klein) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1905; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1905; pastor, 
Christ, Trenton, N. J., 1905-07; Trinity, Newark, N. J., 1907-17; St. 
John’s, Hudson, N. Y., 1917-22; St. Mark’s, Trenton, N. J., 1922-24; 
Holy Trinity, Camden, N. J., 1924- ; m. Tina Fexa, Aug. 5, 1914; 
children, Wm. J., Doris J.; res., Camden, N. J. 


ROSE, HENRY CALHOUN, b. Centerville, Pa., Jan. 25, 1877; s. Wm. H. 
and Elizabeth (Deremer) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; A.M., same, 1905; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. Al. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Sax- 
ton, Pa., 1905-10; Trinity, Johnstown, Pa., 1910-13; Lewisburg, Pa., 
1913-19; m. Emma Leora Esken, June 28, 1906; children, Margaret E., 
Helen E.; rt. ord. papers, 1919. 


RUBY, EDWARD CLAYTON, b. E. Prospect, Pa., Oct. 14, 1868; s. Bar- 
nabas and Malinda (Stahley) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; asst. St. Matt., 
Hanover, Pa., 1905-06; pastor, Stone Church, Pa., 1906-08; St. Matt., 
Allentown, Pa., 1908-13; St. Paul’s, Camden, N. J., 1913-16; St. Peter’s, 
York, Pa., 1916- ; m. Carrie Adora Bailey, Nov. 9, 1893; children, 
Myrtle B., Naomi B.; res., York, Pa. 


RUDISILL, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Adams Co., Pa., June 18, 1860; s. 
Emanuel and Leah (Spangler) R.; Gbg. Sem., 1902-05; entered U. B. 
min.; pastor, New Paris, Pa., 1906-08; Sabillasville, Md., 1908-10; sup- 


545 


1903 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


ply, 1910-17; ord. Md. Syn., 1918; pastor, Gerrardstown, W. Va., 1917- 
21; Upper Frankford, Pa., 1921-23; rt. 1923; m. Addie Young, Jan. 10, 
1893; children, Ruth A., Esther C. L. 


SHARP, MENNO SMITH, b. Brickerville, Pa., Apr. 27, 1877; s. Isaac and 
Fianna (Smith) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. 
-E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syn., 1905; pastor, Funkstown, Md., 1905- 
07; Martinsburg, Pa., 1908-11; Enola, Pa. 1911- ; m. Lillian Pearl 
Rhodes, 1905; children, Virginia P., Anna M., Ruth J., Naomi M.; res., 
Enola, Pa. 


WADE, WILLIAM ARTHUR, b. Willis, Va., Nov. 4, 1879; s. Peyton and 
Susan W.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syn., 1905; pastor, Westernport, Md., 1905-09; 
Lionville, Pa., 1909-12; St. Mark’s, Washn., 1912-18; Holy Comforter, 
Balto., 1917- ; m. Ursula Cotta Richard, Aug. 2, 1905; res., Balto. 


WITMAN, PAUL DANIEL, b. Landingville, Pa, Jan. 14, 1880; s. Robt. 
and Katharine (Freeman) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1905; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Betheden, Phila., 
1905-07; Annville, Pa., 1907-17; St. Jas., Lebanon, Pa., 1917-23; Chap- 
lain, Ist It., U. S. A., 1917-19, in France 8 mos.; m. Jennie Shepherd, 1904; 
children, Shepherd L., Horace L.; res., Douglasville, Pa. 


1903 


CARNEY, WILLIAM HARRISON BRUCE, b. Strodes Mills, Pa. May 5, 
1870; s. Francis G. and Mary E. (Baer) C.; Millersville State Nor. 
Sch., 1891-93; teaching, 1893-95; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; stud. and trav. 
in Europe, 1899-1901; Sus. U. Theo., 1901-03; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1919; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, 
Garrett, Pa., 1904-18; Trinity, DuBois, Pa., 1918-20; Trinity, Bedford, 
Pa., 1920-25; prof., Hart. Sem., 1925- ; Inner Miss. Bd. U. L. C, 
1919-21; dir., Gbg. Sem. 1919- ; author, Hist. Al. Syn., 1919; m. 
Lydia V. Hay, Apr. 28, 1915; children, Bruce H., Paul L., Mark G.,, 
Lydia L., Mary H.; res., Bedford, Pa. 


HAY, EDWARD BUCHANAN, b. Pottsville, Pa. June 24, 1881; s. Ed. Grier 
and Laura (Buchanan) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; Gbg. Sem., 1903-04; 
prop. Adirondack Art Store and Children’s Shop, Saranac Lake, N. Y.; 
m. Ida Freas Smith, May 6, 1909; dau., Eleanor E. 


HERSH, WILLIAM FRANK, b. Pennsburg, Pa., Sept. 26, 1880; s. Wm. 
and Christianna (Cramer) H.; grad. Perkiomen Sem., 1900; A.B., Gbg. 


546 


ALUMNI 1904 


Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1906; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1907; ord. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1906; pastor, White Marsh, Pa., 1906-12; Westminster, 1912-16; 
Buffalo, N. Y., 1916-23; Saugerties, N. Y., 1923- ; ed. Kutztown Pa- 
triot, 1922-23; m. Deborah Hottenstein, Oct. 17, 1906; res., Saugerties, 
NAY. 


MANN, WILBUR CHEM, s. L. A. M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1903; Gbg. 
Sem., 1903-04; stud. theo. with his father; lic. Md. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 
1907; pastor, Donora, Pa., 1907-09; Emsworth, Pa., 1909- ; res., Ems- 
worth, Pa. 


MUMFORD, EDGAR CARLTON, b. Nov. 12, 1878; s. Jno. W. and Susan 
(Cochran) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1906; lic. Md. 
Syn., 1905; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1906; pastor, Grace, Trenton, N. J., 1906- 
07; St. Jnos., Littlestown, Pa., 1907-10; Mt. Union, Pa., 1910-16; Mes- 
siah, Balto., 1916-21; Ellicott City, Md, 1921- ; m. Merry Maude 
Beard, Apr. 29, 1908; children, Karl L., Jno., D., Paul J., Lois K.; res., 
Ellicott City, Md. 


RINARD, HERBERT ADRON, b. Breezewood, Pa., Sept. 19, 1878; s. 
Henry and Laura (Woy) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1906; A.M., U. of Pa., 1913; lic. Al. Syn., 1905; ord. same, 1906; pas- 
tor, Leetonia, O., 1906-09; St. Mark’s, Pgh., Pa., 1914-17; Freeport, Pa., 
1919-20; Y. M. C. A. sec. and registrar, Gbg. Col., 1909-11; asst. head- 
master, Perkiomen Sch., 1911-12; 322 F. A., USA, 1917-19, Meuse Ar- 
gonne; chaplain, 28th U. S. Inf., 1920- ; m. Marie Elizabeth Rentz, 
June 14, 1923. 


WEIMER, DAVID SPARKS, b. Clearville, Pa., Sept. 1, 1866; s. Wilson 
and Sophia (Grove) W.; B.E., C. V. S. N. S., 1894; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1906; lic. Al. Syn., 1905; ord. same, 1906; pas- 
tor, Glade, Pa., 1906-09; Liberty Valley, Pa., 1910-12; South Fork, Pa., 
1912-14; Beachville, Pa., 1914-16; Kimberton, Pa., 1916-17; Lebanon, 
Pa., 1917-19; Boiling Springs, Pa., 1919-20; Trevorton, Pa. 1920- ; 
m. Elizabeth Means, Sept. 14, 1892; children, Ellis F., Harry P., Del R., 
H. Sophia, Alta F., Erma L., Jos. M.; res., Trevorton, Pa. 


1904 


BARKLEY, WILLIAM WALLACE, b. Imler, Pa., Aug. 27, 1878; s. Jacob 
and Sue (Beegle) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1907; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1906; ord. C. Ill., 1907; pastor, Reen Mem., St. Louis, 
Mo., 1907-10; First, Murphysboro, IIll., 1910-14; Fairfield, Ia., 1914-16; 

547 . 


1904 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Fourth, Altoona, Pa., 1916-21; St. Jas., Gloversville, N. Y., 1921- ; m. 
Marjorie Louise Miller, Aug. 1, 1907; children, Donald, Robt., Danl. 
L.; Wm. W.; res., Gloversville, N. Y. 


BERWAGER, F. HAMPTON, b. Melrose, Md., Aug. 2, 1876; s. Geo. and 
Mary (Starner) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, Bayonne, N. J., 1907- ; 
m. Minnie Brands, June 30, 1914; res., Bayonne, N. J. 


BIEBER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Sept. 11, 1877; s. Elias and Sarah 
F, (Martin) B.; Sus. U., 1896-99; A.B., Bucknell U., 1902; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1907; ord. Sus. Syn., 1907; pastor, Penn’s Valley, Pa., 1907-11; 
Buffalo Valley, Pa., 1911-19; Muncy, Pa. 1919-; m. Elizabeth Lowry 
Vincent, Aug. 20, 1907; dau., Lauraette F.; res., Muncy, Pa. 


DIEHL, JACOB, b. Greencastle, Pa., Feb. 20, 1884; s. Jno. L. and Ellen 
(Kuhn) O.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; Leipsic U., 
1908-09; D.D., Carthage Col., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. C. Pa. 
Syn., 1910; pastor, Lock Haven, Pa., 1909-15; Trinity, Carthage, IIl., 
1915-22; Trinity, Selinsgrove, Pa., 1924- ; prof., Carthage Col., 1919- 
22; prof., Sus. U., 1924- ; chaplain, U. S. A., 1918-19; m. Sara M. 
Klapp, Apr. 22, 1914; children, Dorothea P., Sara M., Wm. A.; res., 
Selinsgrove, Pa. 


DIEHL, JOHN MACLAY, b. Cashtown, Pa., Dec. 25, 1880; s. James F. 
and Arabella E. (Pomeroy) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; Gbg. Sem., 1904- 
05; grad. Princeton Sem., 1908; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1908; ord. Presby. Ch., 
1908; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 1909-13; Welsh Run, Pa., 1913-19; 
E. Liverpool, O., 1919-21; m. Jennette Clarissa Pond, Sept. 16, 1910; 
children, Kathryn P., Judson P., Miriam; d. Mar. 30, 1921. 


FROEHLICH, PAUL, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 12, 1882; s. Jno. and Chris- 
tiana (Miller) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Bainbridge, Pa., 1907-08; 
Grace, Pgh. Pa., 1908-09; Gordon, Pa. 1910-13; Y. M. C. A. sec, 
Lancaster, Pa., 1909-10; U. S. Dept. Agriculture, 1913- ; m. Nellie 
McKnight Hay, Oct. 8, 1907; children, Eleanor H., Sarah J., she d. 
May 21, 1918; m. Carrie M. French, Sept. 3, 1919; res., Washn. 


GENTZLER, JOSAVER WINFIELD, b. Nov. 29, 1878; s. Israel and Susan 
(Myers) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1906; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1907; pastor, Vandergrift, Pa. 1907-09; 
Oswego, N. Y., 1909-10; Middletown, Md., 1910-14; Landisville, Pa., 


548 


ALUMNI 1904 


1914-19; Trenton, N. J., 1919- ; m. Helena Grace Witman, May 21, 
1907; children, Mildred M., Irene L.; res., Trenton, N. J. 


GLADFELTER, PAUL, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Jan. 16, 1882; s. Henry and 
Amanda (Caslow) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Green Hill, Pa., 1907- 
10; York Springs, Pa., 1910-20; Abbottstown, Pa., 1920- ; m,. Amy 
Blanche Bailey, June 18, 1907; dau., Marguerite R.; res., Abbottstown, 
Pa. 


HINES, CHARLES J., b. Balto., Sept. 1, 1883; s. Henry C. and Ella (Bay- 
lies) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. Md. Syn., 
1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Huntington, W. Va., 1908-10; Burkitts- 
ville, Md., 1910-14; Emmanuel, Balto., 1914- ; m. Adrienne Burns, 
Oct. 20, 1908; children, Adrienne, Virginia, L.; res., Balto. 


LIVERS, RALPH WALLACE, b. Waterville, Kans., Mar. 5, 1881; s. Jos. 
B. and Mary E. (Winkelbleck) L.; A.B., Midland Col., 1903; grad. 
Western Sem., 1906; Gbg. Sem., 1904-05; ord. Neb. Syn., 1906; pastor, 
St. Luke’s, Omaha, Neb., 1906-10; Gypsum Col., 1910-16; Hardy, Neb., 
1916-20; Hooper, Neb., 1920- ; m. Nellie May Young, Aug. 30, 1906; 
children, Wallace S., Ruth E., Harold A.; res., Hooper, Neb. 


SHARP, H. HALL, b. Schaefferstown, Pa., Nov. 19, 1882; s. Harry and 
Kate (Fernsier) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Tremont, Pa., 1907-10; 
Highspire, Pa., 1910-12; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1912-20; St. Luke’s, Cum- 
berland, Md., 1920- ; prof., Irving Col., 1917-19; m. Mary Matilda 
Martin, Oct. 16, 1907; s. Martin B.; res., Cumberland, Md. 


STERNAT, FREDERICK CHARLES JOSEPH, b. Vienna, Austria, Mar. 
29, 1881; s. Frank and Marie (Kotta) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; A.M., 

~ same, 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. Md. Syn., 1906; ord. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1907; pastor, Palmyra, Pa., 1907-11; Abbottstown, Pa., 1911-20; 
Millersburg, Pa., 1920- ; m. Mary Elizabeth Apel, July 10, 1907; chil- 
dren, Naomi E., Theodore M.; res., Millersburg, Pa. 


TROSTLE, IRA WASHINGTON, b. Arendtsville, Pa., Feb. 28, 1881; s. 
Hiram and Hannah (Bream) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1907; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Dillsburg, Pa., 
1907-13; Pgh., Pa., 1913-16; Berrien Springs, Mich., 1916-18; Chgo., Ill, 
1918-25; Upper Bermudian, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ella Jane Weidner, May 21, 
1907; children, Mary E., Hiram W., Ira W.; res., Idaville, Pa. 


549 


1905 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


WEISER, CHARLES WESLEY, b. Millheim, Pa., July 29, 1877; s. Benj. 
and Barbara (Smith) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; A.M., same, 1906; Gbg. 
Sem., 1904-06; lic. Calif. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Pasadena, 
Calif., 1908-11; left min., 1911; P. O. Clerk, Pasadena, Calif., 1912- ; 
united with Episc. Ch.; m. Clara Helena Ten Haeff, Nov. 26, 1912; res., 
Pasadena, Calif. ; 


WENTZ, ABDEL ROSS. See Faculty, page 338. 


4 

WOLF, NORMAN SAMUEL, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Jan. 14, 1881; s. Lewis 

and Lydia (Reynolds) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 

1907; D.D., Susq. Univ., 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; 

pastor, Shrewsbury, Pa., 1907-11; Dayton, O., 1911-13; Reading, Pa., 

1913-14; Stony Creek, Pa., 1914-17; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1917- ; m. Mary 
Estella Tawney, June 12, 1907; 3 children; res., Bloomsburg, Pa. 


WOODS, OSCAR, b. Oct. 15, 1872; s. Lebbens B. and Mary E. (Mor- 
rison) W.; A.B., Midland Col., 1903; Western Sem., 1903-04; Gbg. Sem., 
1904-05; lic. R. M. Syn., 1905; ord. same, 1906; pastor, Laramie, Wyo., 
1905-10; Auburn, Neb., 1910-11; Oshkosh, Neb., 1911-13; Aurora, W. 
Va., 1913-15; Cookport, Pa., 1915-17; Westmoreland, Pa., 1917-21; 
Elderton, Pa., 1921- ; m. Frederica Maria Christina Prahl, Aug. 15, 
1907; children, John O., Luther M., Mary E., Clara C., Virginia F.; 
res., Elderton, Pa. 


1905 


BICKEL, HARVEY, b. Place, Pa., Nov. 29, 1877; s. Simon and Barbara 
(Flagler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; lic. E. Pa. 
Syn., 1907; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1908; pastor, Upper Bermudian, Pa., 1908- 
11; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1911-13; Lockport, N. Y., 1913-15; Stone 
Church, Pa., 1915-22; New Franklin, Pa., 1922- ; m. Ivah Croll Rohr- 
bach, June 27, 1911; res., Chambersburg, Pa. 


BUTLER, CLARENCE EDWIN, b. Ursina, Pa, Apr. 7, 1880; s. Frank 
and Frances (Brooks) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1907; ord. Ia. Syn., 1908; pastor, Webster City, Ia., 1908-12; 
Des. Moines, Ia., 1912-15; Huntington, W. Va., 1915- ; m. Clara L. 
Myers, Oct. 14, 1908; dau., Martha M.; res., Huntington, W. Va. 


COFFELT, HARRY FRANKLIN, b. Woodstock, Va., Dec. 30, 1879; s. 
Benj. and Isa V. (Swartz) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1908; lic. Md. Syn., 1908; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; pastor, Pen- 
Mar Chge., 1908- ; unmarried; res., Rouzerville, Pa. 


550 


ALUMNI 1905 


GRUBB, JOEL EMORY, b. Perry Valley, Pa. July 18, 1880; s. Alfred 
and Sarah (Orner) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; 
lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, New Kingston, 1908-12; 
Gloversville, 1912-16; 2nd, Balto., 1916- ; m. Hettie A. Jones, June 16, 
1909; s. Paul J.; res., Balto. 


HAMSHER, MERVIN ROY, b. Fayetteville, Pa. Oct. 3, 1882; s. Oliver C. 
and Clara (Hoffman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1908; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1908-10; 
St. Jas., Pgh., Pa., 1910-13; Emmanuel, W. Etna, Pa., 1913-14; St. Matt., 
York, Pa., 1914-23; Reisterstown, Md., 1921-23; Trinity, Mechanicsburg, 
Pa., 1923- ; teaching, Richwood, O., 1904-05; m. Eleanor Wertz Miller, 
June 23, 1909; children, Carl M., Paul O.; she d. Feb. 4, 1920; res., Me- 
chanicsburg, Pa. 


HARMS, JOHN EDWARD, b. Savannah, Ga., May 19, 1885; s. Claus and 
Elizabeth (Brucker) H.; Newberry Col., 1901-03; Lenoir Col., 1904; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; D.D., Sus. U., 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. 
“same, 1908; pastor, Mercersburg, Pa., 1908-11; St. Matt., York, Pa., 
1911-14; Ist, Dayton, O., 1914-17; St. Jnos., Hagerstown, Md., 1917- ; 
m. Helen Cleveland Orcutt, Sept. 30, 1908; children, Jane E., John E.; 
res.. Hagerstown, Md. 


HEATHCOTE, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Apr. 19, 1882; 
s. Wm. T. and Eva A. (Frey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1908; S.T.D., Temple U., 1911; U. of Pa., 1912-16; A.M., U. of 
Pa., 1913; Ph.D., Geo. Washn. U., 1918; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. 
same, 1908; pastor, 2nd, Chambersburg, Pa., 1908-11; Bethel, Phila., 
1911-15; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1905-06; prof., York Co. Acad., 1906-07; 
prof., Temple U., 1912-22; prof., Beechwood Col., 1916-22; prof., West 
Chester State Nor. Sch., 1922- ; entered Min. of Presby. Ch., 1923; as- 
soc. ed. Luth. Evan., 1909-10; ed. S. S. Herald, 1914-15; author, The 
75th. Yr., 1911: Essentials Rel. Ed., 1916: Luth. Ch. and the Civil War, 
1919: Pilgrimage to Oberammergau, 1922: A Son of the Morning, 1923: 
Outlines of Mod. Govts., 1923: Battle of the Brandywine, 1923: Es- 

_ sentials of Economics, 1924: The Story of Valley Forge, 1924; pres., Col- 
wyn Sch. Bd., 1912-22; Fel. Royal Hist. Soc. Eng.; Am. Hist. Soc.; dir. 
Council Chester Co. Hist. Soc.; m. Emma Grace Bair, June 16, 1909; 
‘children, Eva B., Chas. W.; res., West Chester, Pa. 


LAYMAN, FRANK, b. nr. Greencastle, Pa., Feb. 21, 1879; s. G. W. L.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; Gbg. Sem., 1905-06; Harvard U., 1906-07; with 
Al. Ckg. Ut. Co., 1904-05, 1907-08; LL.B., Ore. U., 1911; atty., Portland, 
Ore., 1911- ; m. Bessie M. Drais, June 22, 1909; children, Geo. H., 
Earl D. 

551 


1906 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


STROCK, JOHN ROY, b. nr. Allen P. O., Pa., June 8, 1882; s. Geo. W. 
and Barbara (Herman) S.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1903; A.M., same, 
1908; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1908; Columbia U., 1917; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1925; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; miss. to India, 1908- ; mem- 
ber numerous bds. and coms.; prof., Perkiomen Sch., 1903-05; prof., 
Guntur Col., 1909-13; prin., same, 1913-16, 1919-22; prin., Noble Col., 
1924- ; to be pres. Andhra Col.; m. Elizabeth M. Evans, Nov. 9, 1911. 


SWANK, CALVIN PETER, b. Elysburg, Pa., Apr. 26, 1880; s. Clarence 
and Esther (Persing) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; 
A.M., Sus. U., 1908; Temple U., 1921; ord. Sus. Syn., 1907; pastor, 
Highspire, Pa., 1907-09; Camden, N. J., 1910-21; Muhlenberg Mem., 
Phila., 1921- ; m. Margaret Catharine Rothrock, Apr. 23, 1908; s. Paul 
R.; res., Phila. 


WAGNER, HARRY ORISTUS, b. Union Deposit, Pa., Apr. 5, 1880; s. 
John S. and Louisa (Gensler) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; Gbg. Sem., 
1905-07; d. Oct. 21, 1907. 


WALTER, ISAAC E. A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; Gbg. Sem., 1905-06; res., 
unknown. 


WHITMOYER, CLAY S., b. June 11, 1878; s. Richard and Mary (Shoe- 
maker) W.; grad. Bloomsburg State Nor. Sch., 1900; A.B., Sus. U., 
1905; Gbg. Sem., 1905-07; d. Mar. 8, 1907. 


1906 


BLANK, JONAS SAHNER, b. Greensburg, Pa., June 4, 1883; s. Frank 
A. and Mary A. (Welsh) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. Al. Syn., Sept. 27, 1908; ord. W. Penn. 
Syn., Oct. 13, 1909; pastor, York Haven, Pa., 1909-10; Detroit, Mich., 
1911-16; Louisville, Ky., 1916-17; Cincinnati, O., 1917-23; Toledo, O., 
1924- ; sect. of Brotherhood, 1923-24; m. Olive Clara Keil, Nov. 25, 
1908; children, Franklin K., Martha J., Edna E.; res., Toledo, O. 

BRILLHART, HYLAS CLYDE, b. nr. Glen Rock, Pa. Aug. 3, 1880; s. 
Noah S. and Isabella (Diehl) B.; tchg., 1896-1901; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. E. O. Syn., 1910; 
pastor, Leetonia, O., 1909- ; m. Lena Belle Weaver, Jan. 1, 1914; daw. 
Margaret I.; res., Leetonia, O. 


DUNKELBERGER, R. M., b. New Bloomfield, Pa. Aug. 25, 1884; s. 
Josiah and Jane (Dumm) D.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. 


552 


ALUMNI 1907 


Sem., 1909; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; miss. to India, 
1909- ; m. Amy Strauss Aberly, Feb’ 22, 1911; children, Harold A., 
Dorothy J.; res., India. 


GEESEY, MALVIN DALE, b. York, Pa., Apr. 24, 1884; s. Fred. S. and 
Matilda (Ness) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Aaronsburg, Pa., 1909-17; 
3rd., Louisville, Ky., 1917-21; Zion, N. Manchester, Ind. 1921- ; m. 
Jennie May Bailey, May 18, 1910; res., North Manchester, Ind. 


KELLER, EDWARD LEVI, b. Salona, Pa., Nov. 12, 1884; s. Chas. E. 
and Lucy (Zea) K.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; hon. 
Ph.D.; lic. Al. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Johnstown, Pa., 1909- 
14; Ist., Syracuse, N. Y., 1914- ; m. Mary B. Hileman, Mar. 14 1910; 
children, Miriam C., Robt. E.; res., Syracuse, N. Y. 


SNYDER, HENRY WILLIAM, b. Balto., Aug. 30, 1883; s. Henry T. and 
Justina (Ulrich) S.; grad. Balto. City Col., 1903; A.B., Johns Hopkins 
U., 1906; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1909; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 
1908; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; pastor, St. Thomas, Pa., 1909-11; Mer- 
cersburg, Pa., 1911-15; Shippensburg, Pa., 1915-18; 1st., Johnstown, Pa., 
1918- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1919- ; m. Dorothea A. Heitmueller, Oct. 20, 
1909; children, Luther H., Wm. U., Henry W.; res. Johnstown, Pa. 


SUNDAY, ORIE EDWARD, b. Pa. Furnace, Pa., Feb. 1, 1882; s. Emanuel 
and Lydia (Gates) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. 
C. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Espy, Pa., 1909-16; Mon- 
toursville, Pa., 1916- ; m. Anna Mary Beaver, Aug. 12, 1909; children, 
Harold B., Ralph T., Ora J.; res., Montoursville, Pa. 


1907 
ARNOLD, CLARENCE EUGENE, b. York, Pa., Apr. 13, 1886; s. Eli and 
Anna K. (Reever) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1910; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. Md. Syn., 1910; pastor, Concordia, Balto., 1910- 
12; W. Berwick, Pa., 1912-17; Trinity, York, Pa., 1917-25; Bellefonte, 
Pa., 1925- ; m. Annie Irene Bringman, June 28, 1910; children, Luther 
B., David E.; res., Bellefonte, Pa. 


BARNETT, CHARLES WALDO, b. Jefferson Co., Pa., Oct. 30, 1876; s. 
Danl. K. and Rachel (Shaffer) B.; A.B., Sus. U., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1910; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1910; pastor, Chicora, 
Pa., 1910-17; Bethel, Pgh., Pa., 1917-22; St. Peter’s, Evans City, Pa., 

553 


1907 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1922-24; Franklin Road, Pa., 1924- ; m. May Swarts, May 21, 1910; 
children, Chas. W., Margaret E.; res., Franklin Road, Pa. 


BONNELL, WALTER SCOTT, b. Glen Gardner, N. J., Aug. 29, 1879; s. 
Augustus and Mary (Martenis) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1905; Western 
Sem., 1905-06; Union Sem., 1906-07; Columbia U., 1906-07; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1908; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1908; pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1908- 
10; Stapleton, N. Y., 1910-12; Trenton, N. J., 1912-17; Fairfield, Pa., 
1917-20; Springdale, Pa., 1920-22; Smicksburg, Pa., 1923- ; m. Alice 
A. Camera, Oct. 30, 1917; children, Walter S., John B.; res., Smicks- 
burg, Pa. 


BOYER, EDWIN BUTLER, b. Accident, Md., Nov. 3, 1883; s. Aaron B.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1910; lic. Md. Syn., 1909; ord. 
Al. Syn., 1910; pastor, Confluence, Pa., 1910-16; E. Carnegie, Pa., 1916- 
20; Avonmore, Pa., 1920- ; m. Mabel Scott, 1916; res., Avonmore, Pa. 


FLECK, WILLIAM KEELER, b. New Kingston, Pa., July 20, 1885; s. 
Henry R. and Anna (French) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1910; lic. Al. Syn., 1909; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, Fair- 
field, Pa., 1910-17; Littlestown, Pa., 1917-18; Lititz, Pa., 1918-21; Cam- 
den, N. J., 1921-24; Daretown (Presby.), 1924- ; united with Presby. 
Ch., 1924; m. Mary Sheads, June 1, 1910; children, Murray H., Wm. Y.; 
res., Daretown. 


FRY, GEORGE ARTHUR, b. Orwigsburg, Pa. June 23, 1878; s. Aaron 
and Sallie (Rickson) F.; B.D., Temple U., 1907; grad. Ggb. Sem., 1908; 
D.D., Sus. U., 1923; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, St. 
John’s, Maytown, Pa., 1908-13; St. Luke’s, Pgh., Pa., 1913- ; trustee, 
Thiel Col.; m. Elva Bair, June 7, 1911; dau. Elizabeth B.; res., Pgh., Pa. 


HAYS, CLIFFORD ELVIN, b. Hagerstown, Md., Apr. 21, 1885; s. Ira W. 
and Flora (Householder) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1910; lic. Md. Syn., 1909; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, McConnells- 
burg, Pa., 1910-11; St. Matt. Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1912-16; Bethel, 
Phila., 1916-18; Luther Mem., Phila., 1919-24; asst. Temple, Phila., 
1925- ; Y. M. C. A., 1918-19; m. Carrie Viola Martin, July 5, 1910; 
children, June, Rose; res., Phila. 


HESS, ELAM GROSS, b. Lancaster Co., Pa. Oct. 1, 1876; s. Levi and 
Salinda (Gross) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; Gbg. Sem., 1 semester; 
present, Pres. Keystone Pecan Co.; m. Marcelia Edna Farmer, Oct. 5, 
1910; children, Richard, Donald, Marcelia E.; res., Manheim, Pa. 


PARKER, GEORGE GORDON, b. Covington, Ky., Mar. 19, i881; s. 
554 


ALUMNI 1908 


Frank and Louisa (Robb) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1910; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, Cold 
Springs, Pa., 1910-12; Grace, Dayton, O., 1912-13; Irving, Ill., 1913-19; 
Ashland, Pa., 1919-21; Liberty, Ill., 1921-25; Fairfield, Iowa, 1925- ; 
miss. to Africa, 1906-07; m. Jessie McClintock, Aug. 17, 1910; 6 chil- 
dren; res., Fairfield, Iowa. 


ROLAND, ERNEST VICTOR, b. Chapman’s Run, Pa., Dec. 7, 1879; s. 
Hezekiah and Nancy J. (Leasure) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1910; lic. Al. Syn., 1909; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, Re- 
deemer, Harrisburg, Pa., 1910-16; Grace, Butler, Pa., 1916- ; dir. Gbg. 
Sem.; m. Nellie Zoe Snyder, June 29, 1910; children, Chas. H.; Jane E.; 
res., Butler, Pa. 


SPANGLER, HENRY REYNOLD, b. York Co., Pa., Oct. 26, 1881; s. Jno. 
A. and Anna M. (Menges) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1910; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. same, 1910; miss. to India, 1910-24; 
Goldsboro, Pa., 1925- ; ed. Telugu Luth., 1917-18; m. Amy Swartz, 
June 8, 1919; res., Goldsboro, Pa. 


WEIGLE, DANIEL ELIAS, b. Littlestown, Pa., Oct. 23, 1886; s. Elias D. 
and Hannah (Bream) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1910; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; asst. Messiah, Phila., 
1910-11; pastor, same, 1911-17; dep. ord. papers with E. Pa. Syn., 1918; 
present, Pres. Community Welfare Inc., St. Paul, Minn.; m. Drusilla 
Jessie Nelson, Oct. 29, 1917; res., St. Paul, Minn. 


1908 


BELL, ALBERT DANIEL, b. Newton, Ia., Dec. 27, 1885; s. Albert 
and Elizabeth C. (Cashman) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1911; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; pastor, Steelton, 
Pa., 1911-13; Sparrows Pt., Md., 1913-16; at Ortanna, Pa., 1916-18; chap- 
lain, 309th Machine Gun Bat., Feb.-May, 1918, and 310th Inf., May-Oct., 
1918; overseas, May, 1918; m. Myrtle Drum, 1911; children, Albert D., 
Mary E.; d. Oct. 13, 1918. 


BERKEY, WILLIAM ALBERT, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Aug. 10, 1882; s. 
Jeremiah and Anna C. (Fisher) B.; M.E., Ind. State Nor. Sch., 1902; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1911; A.M., U. of Chgo., 1918; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1910; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; pastor, Messiah, Homestead, 
Pa., 1911-16; Trinity, Grand Jct., Col., 1916-17; Holy Trinity, Pgh., Pa., 
1919- ; prin., Schs. Dale., Johnstown, Pa., 1902-04; tchr., Blairsville, 
Pa., H. S., 1904-05; m. Flora A. Gibson, June 28, 1911; children, Ruth 
A., Richard W.; res., Pgh. Pa. 


555 


1908 ~ HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


BOWER, HENRY MICHAEL, b. Montoursville, Pa., Feb. 15, 1886; s. 
Wm. L. and Rosetta (Stugard) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 
1908-09; grad. Sus. Sem., 1911; ord. Sus. Syn., 1911; pastor, Ft. Washn., 
Pa., Highspire, Pa., Pine Grove, Pa., Easton, Pa., York, Pa.; m. Mary 
Wolf, Sept. 1, 1909; children, Henry L. W.; Richard M.; res., York, Pa. 


BOWERSOX, HIXON T., b. Uniontown, Md., May 18, 1889; s. Francis 
and Rachel (Fleckinger) B.; A.B., New Windsor Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1911; D.D., Blue Ridge Col., 1923; ord. 1911; pastor, Rossville, 
Pa., 1911-17; St. Jas., York, Pa., 1917-25; St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 
1925- ; m. Charlotte McClellan, 1911; children, Wm. D., Jeanne M.; 
res., York, Pa. 


CHAMBERLIN, EDWIN ALLAN, b. S. Williamsport, Pa., May 31, 1886; 
s. Ed. A. and Eva R. (Steck) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1911; B.D., Mt. Airy Sem., 1920; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord. Sus. 
Syn., 1911; pastor, Buckhorn, Pa., 1911-17; St. Peter’s, Barren Hill, 
Pa., 1917-25; Grace, Trenton, N. J., 1926- ; served Mordansville M. E. 
Ch., 1916-17; asst. S. S. World, 1923-24, and Augsburg Tchr., 1924; m. 
Esther Miller Speese, Sept. 5, 1911; children, Chas. A., Esther D.; res., 
Trenton, N. J. 


DEAN, OSCAR CARLTON, b. nr. Middletown, Md., Aug. 5, 1883; s. 
Carlton and Ara (Coblentz) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1911; lic. Md. Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, Accident, Md., 1911-12; 
Trinity, Wheeling, W. Va., 1913-19; Bucyrus, O., 1919-24; St. Paul’s, 
Hanover, Pa., 1924- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1918-19; m. Bertha Margaret 
Chuck, Sept. 3, 1913; s. Paul M.; res., Hanover, Pa. 


DOLLMAN, HARRY STEPHEN, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Aug. 19, 1879; s. 
Frank and Savella (Crawford) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1911; ord. Sus. Syn., 1911; pastor, Worthington, Pa., 1911-12; 
Pine Grove, Pa., 1912- ; Ist. It., Co. G, 4th. Pa. Inf., 1914-17; chap- 
lain (capt.), 28th Div., U. S. A., 1917-19; m. Lou Ethel Shearer, Oct. 19, 
1912; children, Stephen, David, John; res., Pine Grove, Pa. 


ELY, GEORGE B., b. Hegins, Pa., Apr. 13, 1879; s. Geo. A. and Caroline 
(Hoch) E.; Millersville and Kutztown State Nor. Schs.; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; pastor, Tur- 
botville, Pa., 1914-23; Arendtsville, Pa., 1923- ; m. Caroline V. Hoy, 
June, 1912; children, Dorothy, Louise, Geo.; res., Arendtsville, Pa. 


FISHER, FRANK PALMER, b. near Milesburg, Pa, Aug. 15, 1880; s. 
Jas. J. and Margaret (Glossner) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad: Ghg. 


556 


ALUMNI 1908 


Col., 1911; lic. Al. Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, Petersburg, Pa., 
1911-13; Temple, Altoona, Pa., 1913-22; Bethel, Pgh., Pa., 1922- ; m. 
Edith Mary Buck, Oct. 26, 1911; s. Frank Palmer; res., Pgh., Pa. 


GARNES, HERBERT S., b. Franklin Co., Pa., Dec. 9, 1887; s. Saml. A. 
and Minnie (Shoemaker) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 

1911; ord. 1911; pastor, Freeport, Pa., 1911-12; Manchester, Pa., 1912-14; 
Hummelstown, Pa., 1914-22; St. Luke’s, Mansfield, O., 1922- ; m. Hazel 
I. McGraw, July 30, 1912; children, Herbert S., Earl R.; res., Mans- 
field, O. 


GEORGI, CARL GUSTAVE, b. Cainsdorf bei Zwickau, Saxony, Ger., 
Mar. 23, 1881; s. Julius G. and Ernestine (Gerber) G.; grad. Breklum 
Sem., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 1908-10; Ph.B., U. of Chgo., 1915; A.M., same, 
1916; ord. Wart. Syn., 1910; pastor, Pittsfield, Ill, 1910-11; Tabor, Chgo., 
1911-18; Murphysboro, I1I., 1918-23; Fairmount, Mo., 1923-25; Fillmore, 
Ill, 925- ; tchr., Breklum Sem., 1906-08; m. Catherine Caroline 
Schultheiss, June 18, 1912; children, Luther M., Margaret E., Chas. D.; 
res., Fillmore, III. 


LAU, IRVIN MARTIN, b. nr. E. Berlin, Pa.; s. Luther and Mary 
(Trostle) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 1908-11; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, St. Jnos., Littlestown, Pa., 1911-21; 
Catawissa, Pa., 1921-24; Calvary, West Chester, Pa., 1924- ; m. Bernice 
Pauline Basehoar, Oct. 28, 1912; children, Irvin M., Glenn B.; res., West 
Chester, Pa. 


LOWE, JAMES EDWARD, Jr., b. Westminster, Md., Aug. 21, 1881; s. 
Jas. E. and Mary (Brothers) L.; Gbg. Col., 1902-06; Gbg. Sem., 1908-11; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1910; ord. Al. Syn., 1911; pastor, Glade, Pa., 1911-14; 
Wick Boro, Pa., 1914-16; Brookville, Pa., 1916-20; Guilderland Center, 
N. Y., 1920-21; Uniontown, Md., 1921- ; m. Edetha Irena Cramer, Sept. 
6, 1911; res., Uniontown, Md. 


MANGES, EDMUND LONGIUS, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Dec. 1, 1885; s. 
Edmund and Margaret (Whisker) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1911; B.D., Union Sem., 1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord C. Pa. 
Syn., 1912; pastor, Grace, Champaign, Ill, 1912-13; Trinity, Lemoyne, 
Pa., 1913-17; St. Jas., Huntingdon, Pa., 1920- ; chaplain, 317th F. A., 
U. S. A., Nov. 17, 1917-May 14, 1919, and 26th Inf., U. S. A., July 19, 
1919-Oct, 25, 1919, and Ist Sup. Train, May 19-July 19, 1919; overseas, 
Aug. 7, 1918-Sept. 2, 1919; m. Maria Grace Blocher, Apr. 17, 1913; chil- 
dren, Frances M., Kathryn G., Nellie M.; res., Huntingdon, Pa. 


557 


1908 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


MEALS, WILLIAM LOUIS, b. Gbg., Dec. 16, 1885; s. Louis H. and L. 
Kate (Gallagher) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 1 semester ; 
stud. law with J. D. Keith; ad. to bar, 1914; prac. atty. at Gbg.; un- 
married. 


ROBB, JONAS KEFFER, b. Ligonier, Pa., Apr. 13, 1880; s. Wm. H. and 
Sarah (Keffer) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; A.M., same, 1911; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1911; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; pastor, Wilmerding, Pa., 1911-13; 
New Kingston, Pa., 1913-15; Dauphin, Pa., 1915-22; St. Paul’s, Harris- 
burg, Pa., 1922- ; m. Elsie N. Martin, Sept. 2, 1908; children, Jas. M., 
Robt. C.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


SHEARER, THOMAS EDGAR, b. Worthington, Pa., May 22, 1884; s. 
William Henry and Margaret (Yates) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1910; lic. Pgh. Syn., 1910; ord. W. Pa., 1911; pastor, Trindle 
Spring, Pa., 1911-14; St. James, Ashland, Pa., 1914-19; Messiah, Mifflin- 
town, Pa., 1919-21, Immanuel, E. Lansdowne, Pa., 1921- ; Tea. Luth. 
Sch. for Christ. Workers, 1924- ; m. Bessie Young, July 25, 1911; 
adopted Jeanne Elizabeth; res., E. Lansdowne. 


SELIGMAN, WILLIAM MARTIN, b. Worthington, Pa. Feb. 10, 1876; 
s. Conrad and Christiana (Gaiser) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; pastor, Cold Springs, 
1912-15; entered min. of Presby. Ch., 1916; pastor, Forest Grove, Pa., 
1920-23; ord. Bap. Ch., 1923; pastor, Ft. Meyer Mts., Va., 1923- ; m. 
Olive Douds Wible, May 23, 1900; children, Wm. M., Donald, T., Jas. J.; 
res. Ft. Meyer Heights, Clarendon, Va. 


STAUFFER, HOWARD ARTHUR, b. E. Berlin, Pa. Aug. 6, 1881; s. 
Henry K. and Hannah (Thomas) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1911; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, 2nd., Cham- 
bersburg, Pa., 1911-14; Middleburg, Pa., 1914-15; m.; 1 s.; d. Apr. 1], 
1915. 


STEINHAUER, ARTHUR H., b. Washn., Nov. 14, 1876; s. Chas. E. and 
Sophia (Hoehn) S.; Temple U.; Gbg. Sem., 1908-09; ord. N. Y. Syn., 
1909; pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 1909-11; Rec., Phila., 1911-16; Christ, Cam- 
den, N. J., 1916-20; Good Shepherd, Easton, Pa., 1920-22; Mt. Holly, 
N. J., 1922- ; m. Agnes Temple, Aug. 4, 1909; dau. Rosabel G.; res., 
Mt. Holly, N. J. 


WALTEMEYER, WILLIAM CLAUDE, b. Beckleysville, Md. Apr. 27, 
1889; s. Jos. and Keziah (Royston) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1911; A.M., Amer. Univ., 1925; lic. Md. Syn., 1910; ord. E. 


558 


ALUMNI 1909 


Pa. Syn., 1911; pastor, Zion, Landisville, Pa., 1911-13; Trinity, Butler, 
Pa., 1913-16; Thurmont, Md., 1916-23; Epiphany, Washn., 1923-_ ; 
chaplain, Ist It, U. S. A., Mar. 18, 1918-Mar. 5, 1919; 71st C. A. C,, 
A. E. F.; m. Mildred Butzler, Sept. 5, 1911; children, Miriam E., Mil- 
dred R., Charlotte L., Wm. C., Grace V., Robt. D.; res., Washn. 


1909 


ARNOLD, JOSEPH B., b. Bayreuth, Bavaria, Jan. 30, 1881; s. Hans and 
Johanna (Schmitt) A.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
stud. U. of Pgh.; ord. Sus. Syn., 1912; miss. to Africa, 1912-13; pastor, 
Bendersville, Pa, 1913-15; Clarion, Pa., 1915-21; prof., Clarion State 
Nor. Sch.; prof., So. Hills H. S., Pgh. Pa., 1925- ; m. Sarah Flo 
Blocher, June 13, 1912; children, Flo E., Josephine W., Marion E., 
Esther H.; res., Pgh., Pa. 


BLOOMHARDT, PAUL FREDERICK, b. Altoona, Pa., Jan. 28, 1888; 
s. Jno. D. and Clara (Isett) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1912; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins U., 1918; stud., U. of Pa., 1923; lic. Al. Syn., 
1911; ord. same, 1912; pastor, St. Paul’s, Lutherville, Md., 1914-18; asst. 
Holy Trinity, Buffalo, N. Y., 1920-23; prof., Altoona, Pa., H. S., 1913; 
prof., Newberry Col., 1923- ; chaplain, U. S. S., Geo. Washn., 1918-19; 
Chevalier de Ordre de la Couronne (Belgium); author, Poems of 
Haggai; m. Marjorie Blackburn, Mar. 28, 1918; children, Fred B., Dor- 
othy R.; res., Newberry, S. C. 


EHRHART, EARLE VINTON, b. Balto. Co., Md., July 19, 1887; s. Henry 
and Dora (Dickmeyer) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; Gbg. Sem., 1909-11; 
grad. Sus. U., 1917; ord. Sus. Syn., 1917; pastor, Elysburg, Pa., 1917-19; 
St. Paul’s, Rensselaer, N. Y., 1919-22; New Haven, Conn., 1922- ; 
headmaster, Exp. Sch., Balto., 1912-16; m. Etta Pearl Oyler, Oct. 2, 1910; 
s. Kenneth O.; she d. July 3, 1923; m. Claire Fairchild (Stoddard) 
Yoran, Oct. 21, 1924; res., New Haven, Conn. 


HAAF, GEORGE RAYMOND, b. Shirley, N. J., July 24, 1882; s. Geo. and 
Mary E. (Hepner) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; miss. to India, 1912- ; m. Edna 
Vanmeter Atkinson, June 26, 1912; children, Geo. S., Mary E., Barbara 
jJ., Chas. R.; res., India. 


HESSE, CHARLES FELDER VANMETRE, b. Deer Park, Md., Feb. 9, 
1885; s. Wm. and Ruth (Van Metre) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1912; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; pastor, 


559 


1909 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Shrewsbury, Pa., 1912-18; Red Lion, Pa., 1918-22; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 
1922- ; m. Blanche Estella Bickel, Apr. 2, 1913; no children; res., 
York, 'Pa. 


KIEFFER, GEORGE LINN, b. nr. Millersburg, Pa., Nov. 25, 1883; s. 
Solomon and Abbie (Romberger) K.; Millersville S. N. S., 1902-05; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; bus. mgr. and organr., 
Swarthmore Chau., 1912-13; Union Sem. and Columbia U., 1913-17; B.D., 
Union Sem., 1914; A.M., Columbia U., 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. 
same, 1916; pastor, Rosedale, L. I., 1916-26, serving without salary since 
1919; fin. sec. Natl. Luth. Com., 1917-18; same, Natl. Luth. Com. for 
Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Welfare, 1918-22; same, Natl. Luth. Coun., 1919- 
23; ed. Luth. Yr. Bk., 1919; Stat. Sec, U. L. C., 1921- ; member Stat. 
and Ch. Yr. Bk. Com., U. L. C., 1918- ; Statistician and Ref. Lib. Natl. 
Luth. Coun., 1919- ; assoc. ed. Luth. World Almanac, 1921-23; mem- 
ber: Am. Ch. Hist. Soc., Am. Hist. Assn., Am. Socio. Soc., Am. Pol. Sc. 
Assn., Am. Ec. Assn., Rel. Ed. Assn., Am. Assn. for Ad. of Science; m. 
Maude Gertrude Hostetter, Nov. 25, 1916; res., Rosedale, L. I. 


KING, WILLIAM N., b. Chicora, Pa., Oct. 24, 1881; s. Simon and Eliza- 
beth (Whitemire) K.; B.S., Grove City Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1912; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1912; pastor, Rock Grove, 
Iil., 1912-17; Nachusa, Ill., 1917-19; Irving, Ill, 1919-24; Mt. Pulaski, 
Til., 1924- ; m. Sara B. Sutton, Sept. 5, 1912; res., Mt. Pulaski, Ill. 


LUND, SIMON, 0O., Gbg. Sem., 1909-10; sometime stud. med., Chgo.; res., 
unknown. 


PETERMAN, ROBERT ELLSWORTH, b. Hanover, Pa., Oct. 16, 1883; 
s. John B. and Cecilia (Frydinger) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1912; A.M., Columbia U., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 
1912; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 1912-16; Hicksville, N. Y., 1916- 
m, Mary Adams, July 18, 1912; s. Robt. A.; res., Hicksville, N. Y. 


> 
} 


PHILLIPY, NORMAN GUY, b. Greencastle, Pa., Oct. 14, 1887; s. New- 
ton S. and Rebecca S. P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. Md. Syn., 1913; pastor, Govans, Md., 
1913-17; unmarried; d. Sept. 25, 1917. 


RUDOLPH, RALPH RUTHERFORD, b. Allentown, Pa., Mar. 6, 1887; s. 
Henry and Amanda (Schaeffer) R.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1909; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1912; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; pas- 
tor, Lemoyne, Pa., 1912-13; acting, Vancouver, Washn., 1914-15; chap- 


560 


ALUMNI 1909 


lain, Ist. It. U. S. A., 1918-19; left min., 1919; with Prentice-Hall, 
Inc., Detroit, Mich.; m. Helen Artimace Garwood, Jan. 15, 1924; s. Vin- 
cent S. 


RUPLEY, GEORGE ALLEMAN, b. Mercersburg, Pa., Feb. 5, 1880; s. Simon 
and Anna (Alleman) R.; A.B., Princeton U., 1902; A.M., same, 1906; 
Columbia U., 1908-09, 1923-24; Gbg. Sem., 1909-10; B.D., Union Sem., 
1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. N. Y. Syn., 1912; pastor, N. Bergen, 
N. J., 1912-14; New Haven, Conn., 1914-15; miss. to India, 1915- ; 
m. Sarah McKaig, Oct. 15, 1912; s. Geo. M.; res., India. 


SMITH, MERVIN ELMER, b. Adams Co., Jan. 16, 1883; s. Jacob and 
Hannah (Weigle) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; pastor, Upper Frankford Chge., 
Pa., 1912-15; Williamstown, Pa., 1915-21; New Freedom, Pa., 1921- ; 
m. Mary Emma Heiges, June 4, 1912; children, Paul H., Marian E., Jas. 
M., Katharine M.; res.. New Freedom, Pa. 


' 

SNYDER, EDGAR ERNEST, b. nr. Clearville, Pa.; s. Baltzer and Eliza- 

beth (Pee) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; lic. Al. 

Syn., 1911; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1912; pastor, St. Matt., Harrisburg, Pa., 

1912-22; St. Mark’s, Van Wert, O., 1922- ; m. Nora Irene Forrur, July 
27, 1915; children, Edgar E., Sarah E., Wm. S.; res., Van Wert, O. 


SNYDER, SAMUEL FRANKLIN, b. Indiana, Pa., Mar. 30, 1881; s. Geo. 
and Sara A. (Coltebaugh) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1912; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; asst. to Pres., Gbg. Col., 
1912-20, 1923- ; in business 1920-23; m. Lillian Jane Myers, May 11, 
1916; children, Elizabeth J., Saml. F.; res., Gbg. 


SNYDER, SIMON, b. nr. Clear Spring, Md., Aug. 9, 1884; s. Saml. and 
Katie B. (Stitzelo) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1911; ord. Al. Syn., 1912; pastor, Scalp Level, Pa., 1912- 
19; Trinity, Wheeling, W. Va., 1919- ; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Nancy 
Roth, Aug. 1, 1912; dau. Ethel V.; res., Wheeling, W. Va. 


SWOPE, JAMES BANNEN, b. Turbotville, Pa., July 26, 1883; s. Fred 
and Mary (Bannen) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
Sus. Syn., 1912; pastor, Kalamazoo, Mich., 1912-15; Chgo. Heights, If, 
1915- ; m. Margaret May Yeager, Sept. 10, 1912; children, Bannen Y., 
Fred S., Paul H., Warren L.; res., Chgo. Heights, III. 


YEANEY, NORMAN ASH, b. Feb. 4, 1880; s. Philip and Christina (Stahl- 
man) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; tchg., Lancaster and Clarion Cos., Pa., 


561 


1910 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1903-07; Maywood Sem.; Gbg. Sem., 1909-10; prof., Steelton, Pa., H. 
S., 1910- ; m. Sara Rose Emma Plank, Nov. 24, 1910; children, Vivian 
A., Louise C., Norman A., Philip R.; res., Steelton, Pa. 


1910 


AURAND, CHARLES G., b. Trenton, N. J., Apr. 22, 1890; s. Chas. M. 
and Annie (Greenhoe) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
ord. Al. Syn., 1913; pastor, Grace, York, Pa., 1913-18; St. Mark’s, 
Johnstown, N. Y., 1918-22; 1st., Wheeling, W. Va., 1922- ; m. Maude 
N. Fahs, Jan. 20, 1914; s. Chas. W.; res., Wheeling, W. Va. 


BAUGHMAN, HARRY F., b. Everet, Pa., Jan. 23, 1892; s. Geo. W. and 
Elizabeth (Sehafhirt) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1913; pastor, Keyser, W. Va., 
1913-18; St. Stephen, Pgh., Pa., 1918-25; Trinity, Germantown, Phila., 
1925- ; m. Joretta Liller, Oct. 17, 1916; res., Phila., Pa. 


BOWERSOX, GEORGE EDWARD, b. nr. Union Mills, Md. Aug. 16, 
1886; s. Jeremiah and Amelia (Stengel) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, St. 
Matt., Allentown, Pa., 1913-18; Christ, Shrewsbury, Pa., 1918- ; m. 
Anna May Hankey, June 17, 1913; children, Geo. E., Mary A., Glen H.; 
res., Shrewsbury, Pa. 


BREAM, CHARLES SWARTZ, b. Gbg., May 26, 1885; s. Harvey D. and 
Sarah (Musselman) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; Gbg. Sem., 1910-13; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 1913; pastor, Albion, Ind., 1913-15; 
Middlebury, Ind., 1915-18; Mt. Pulaski, Ill., 1919-23; Grace, Lincoln, 
Neb., 1923- ; m. Margaret Anderson Lott, July 12, 1913; children, 
Chas. G., Howard N., Margaret R.; res., Lincoln, Neb. 


BROWN, WILLIAM HERSCHEL, b. Gainesboro, Va. Nov. 8, 1871; s. 
David and Margaret (Ritter) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1913; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, Donora, Pa., 1913- 
20; Brookville, Pa., 1920-22; Sharon, Pa., 1922- ; m. Della May Himel- 
rite, June 2, 1903; children, Wm. K., David M., Immanuel P., Della M., 
Esther L.; res., Sharon, Pa. 


DERR, ROY VICTOR, b. Creagerstown, Md., Oct. 11, 1885; s. Cornelius 
and Mary E. (Metzger) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, Burnham, Pa., 
1913- ; m. Hattie Deane Ziegler, Oct. 19, 1916; res., Burnham, Pa. 


562 


ALUMNI 1910 


FRY, EDWARD N., b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., Jan. 21, 1882; s. Jno. J. 
and Nancy (Smail) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
ord. Pittsburgh Syn., 1913; m. Edna V. Plank, May 8, 1913; children, 
Dorothy and Esther; pastor, Sherwood, Ontario, Can., 1913-1915; New 
Bethlehem, Pa., 1915-17; Mill Creek, Pa., 1917-21; Tyrone, Pa., 1921-25; 
Centerville, Pa., 1925- ; res., Centerville, Pa. 


GEARHART, ROBERT HARRIS, Jr, b. Sunbury, Pa. Oct. 7, 1885; s. 
Robt. H. and Mary (Cornman) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1913; U. of Pa., 1916- ; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. Wit. Syn, 
1913; pastor, St. Matt. Mansfield, O., 1913-15; Grace, Phila., 1915-22; 
Luth. stud. pastor, Phila., 1922- ; chaplain, Ist It., 308 Mch. G. Bat., 
78th Div., 1918-19; at Hasbrook def. sec., Mahiel, Argonne; com. capt., 
Mar. 13, 1919; made sr. chaplain 2nd. Army Area, Mar. 15, 1919; cited 
in G. O. 78 Div., May 1, 1919, and G. O. G. H. Q., A. E. F., July 19, 1919; 
dis. July 22, 1919; m. Harriet Storrs Davies, June 15, 1914; res., Phila. 


HENCH, SEIBERT LEE, b. Blain, Pa., Sept. 29, 1885; s. Wm. and Matilda 
(Ernest) H.; A.B., Albright Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. C. 
Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, West Manheim Chge., 
Pa., 1913-15; Dallastown, Pa., 1915- ; prof., Dallastown H. S., 1918- 
20; m. Edna S. Uhrich, June 5, 1913; children, Wm. L., Marian T., 
Jno. R., Rachel E.; res., Dallastown, Pa. 


HERMAN, EARL CAMERON, b. York, Pa., Jan. 12, 1889; s. Simon 
and Mary L. (Rupp) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
lic. 1912; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, Greensburg, Pa., 1913-14; 
Luth. Mem., Erie, Pa., 1914-21; Trinity, Canton, O., 1921- ; m. Lillian 
Isabelle Miller, Feb. 11, 1915; res., Canton, O. 


JENKINS, JOHN TRETHAM, b. Mahanoy City, Pa, May 27, 1885; s. 
Richard and Sarah (Jenkins) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1913; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, St. Peter’s, 
Easton, Pa., 1913-19; Zion, Newville, Pa., 1919- ; m. Rosetta Bar- 
bara Knipple, Feb. 11, 1914; res., Newville, Pa. 


KNIPPLE, JULIUS GROVER CLEVELAND, b. Silver Run, Md., Mar. 11, 
1888; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; Gbg. Sem., 1910-11, 1913-15; grad. same, 
1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Lehmaster Chge., 
1917-20; Loysville, Pa., 1921- ; m. Arma Elizabeth Reichle, Sept. 10, 
1916; res., Loysville, Pa. 


LOGAN, WILLIAM ARMOUR, b. Phila. July 16, 1884; s. Robt. and 
Mary (Thompson) L.; Temple U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 


563 


1910 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Sem., 1913; U. of Pgh.; Ji¢., BE. /Pa.s Syn, 1912; ord. Pb) S,, Syny 1913; 
pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1913-14; Springdale, Pa., 1914-17; Turtle Creek, 
Pa., 1917-  ; m. Elsie May Chapman, July 2, 1913; children, Donald C., 
Jean C., Margaret T., Wm. C., Elsie M., Helen M., Rena B.; res., 
Turtle Creek, Pa. 


McCARNEY, GUY EMORY, b. Arendtsville, Pa., Sept. 29, 1887; s. Jno. 
D. and Susan (Oyler) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, Lemasters, Pa., 1913-16; 
Sipesville, Pa., 1917-25; St. Mark’s, Conshohocken, Pa., 1925- ; m. 
Ethel Hamlen, Oct. 20, 1915; s. Howard J.; res., Conshohocken, Pa. 


MILLER, CHARLES FRANK, b. Kingsville, Pa., July 29, 1880; s. Henry 
and Elizabeth (Swab) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; Gbg. Sem., 1910-13; 
lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1914; pastor, Elderton, Pa., 1913-15; 


m.; 1 child.; d. Apr. 6, 1915. 


RICE, ELMER FREDERICK, b. nr. Myersville, Md., Feb. 28, 1886; s. 
Mahlon and Anna M. (Grove) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. Al. Syn., 1913; pastor, Jenners- 
town, Pa., 1913-18; Ist., Duquesne, Pa., 1918- ; dir., Carnegie Library, 
Duquesne, Pa., 1921- ; m. Amy M. Derr, May 21, 1913; res., Du- 
quesne, Pa. 


SHINDLER, CHARLES NORMAN, b. York Co., Pa., Jan. 24, 1890; s. 
David C. and Hattie (Schriver) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1913; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, Christ, Dal- 
lastown, Pa., 1913-15; St. Jnos., Lock Haven, Pa., 1915-23; St. Jnos., 
Steelton, Pa., 1923- ; m. Bessie Edith Glatfelter, June 19, 1913; res., 
Steelton, Pa. 


SMITH, SAMUEL ERNEST, b. Elvira, Ia., Jan. 15, 1885; s. Saml. E. and 
Fanny J. (Musselman) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; prof., Chambersburg, 
Pa., Acad., 1907-08; Union Sem., 1908-10; stud. Columbia N.; stud. Ger- 
many, 1909; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1911; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1910; pastor, Van- 
dergrift Heights, Pa., 1911; unmarried; d. July 22, 1911. 


STEIN, CURVIN HORATIO, b. Freysville, Pa., Oct. 29, 1884; s. Jacob A. 
and Nancy (Wagner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; prof., Gbg. Acad., 1908- 
10; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1913; Leipsic U., 1913-14; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; 
ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; pastor, Ist., Braddock, Pa., 1915-21; Bethany, 
Braddock, Pa., 1921-23; St. John’s, Lock Haven, Pa., 1923- ; m. Grace 
Irene Buente, Aug. 2, 1916; children, Frances B., Curvin H.; res., 
Lock Haven, Pa. 

564 


- ¥ 
ee ee a 


ALUMNI 1911 


WILL, FREDERICK LUDWIG, b. Pgh., Pa., Nov. 27, 1879; s. Fred. and 
Emma (Bossler) W.; Thiel Col., 1898-01; Gbg. Col., 1901-04; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1913; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1913; pastor, Wilmerding, Pa., 1913-16; 
Derry, Pa., 1916-18; Trinity, Boonsboro, Md., 1918-21; Mt. Tabor, Pa., 
1921-23; Harrold-Seanor, Pa., 1923- ; m. Katherine Dora Graf, Jan. 
17, 1905; children, Emma C., Elizabeth, Fred L.; res., New Stanton, Pa. 


YOUNG, LESLIE KAUFFMAN, b. Kellers Mill, Pa. July 11, 1884; s. 
Hiram and Anna (Stickell) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1913; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1913; pastor, Arccident, 
Md., 1913-20; Mt. Joy, Pa., 1920- ; m. Effie Helena Fox, Aug. 10, 
1914; children, Anna E., Grace A., Frances H., Mary L., Leslie M.; res., 
Littlestown, Pa. 


1911 


BOWMAN, EARL JEROME, b. Millersburg, Pa., Nov. 5, 1889; s. Jos. E. 
and Agnes (Holtzman) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 

"1914; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; ord. Al. Syn., 1914; 
pastor, Philipsburg, Pa., 1914-19; St. John’s, Steelton, Pa., 1919-23; St, 
Jas., Gbg., 1923- ; m. Alma S. Alleman, June 12, 1916; res., Gbg. 


BROSIUS, JAMES ALBERT, b. Ashland, Pa., July 12, 1886; s. Peter K. 
and Catharine (Christ) B.; A.B., Sus. U., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1914; 
ord. Sus. Syn., 1914; pastor, Blacksburg, Va., 1914-21; Friends Cove, 
Pa., 1921-23; Thurmont, Md., 1923- ; m. Bessie C. Shipe, June 21, 1916; 
children, Sara L., Geo. R.; res., Thurmont, Md. 


FIEG, WALTER ANANDEN, b. Calicut, E. India, Aug. 9, 1885; s. Julius 
and Elizabeth (Hollander) F.; Gbg. Sem., 1911-12; lic. G. Neb. Syn., 
1912; pastor, Ohiowa, Neb., 1912-13; Toronto, Can., 1914-15; Trinidad, 
Col., 1915-17; Garber, Okla., 1917-19; Perth, Kan., 1919-22; teacher, 
Santa Monica H. S., Calif., 1922- ; m. Marie Bertha Kaumlen, July, 
1915; s. Walter; res., Santa Monica, Calif. 


HENSEL, WILLIAM EMIL PAUL, b. Goblonz, Austria, Apr. 16, 1888; 
grad. Breklum Sem., 1911, and Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; 
ord. same, 1913; pastor, Arcadia; Md., 1913-18; d. Mar. 9, 1918. 


KRUMBINE, MILES HENRY, b. Schaefferstown, Pa. Nov. 18, 1891; s. 
Wm. H. and Lydia (Rousch) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1914; D.D., Gbg., 1925; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; ord. Al. Syn., 1914; 
pastor, Grace, Altoona, Pa., 1914-17; 1st., Dayton, O., 1918-26; Park- 
side, Buffalo, N. Y., 1926- ; author, vol. sermons, “The Way to the 
Best,” 1924; m. Elsie Wallace, 1916; res., Buffalo, N. Y. 


565 


1912 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


RICE, CLAY EDWARD, b. nr. Myersville, Md., Oct. 27, 1887; s. Mahlon 
and Anna M. (Grove) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1914; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1913; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 1914- 
19; Neffsville, Pa., 1919- ; m. Minnie Catharine Dinterman, May 19, 
1915; res., Neffsville, Pa. 


SWANK, NEWTON DANIEL, b. Johnstown, Pa., Aug. 7, 1890; s. N. B. S.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1914; lic. Al. Syn., 1913; ord. 
Pb. S. Syn., 1914; pastor, Carnegie, Pa., 1914-16; left min., 1916; res., 
Johnstown, Pa. 

1912 


AINSWORTH, JOHN EDGAR, b. LeGore, Md., Oct. 15, 1887; s. Jas. A. 
and Catherine (Fogle) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, Ist.. New Haven, 
Conn., 1915-22; Manor, Md., 1922-24; m. Clara Eva Donsife, June 7, 
1917; children, Mary C., Jno. E.; res., Buckeystown, Md. 


ALLISON, WILBUR MOSES, b. York, Pa., Sept. 13, 1890; s. Adam H. 
and Alice C. (Bentzel) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1915; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, St. John’s, Mer- 
cersburg, Pa., 1915-18; New Oxford, Pa., 1918-25; Mt. Carmel, Pa., 
1925- ; m. Ruth Laura Gemmill, Jan. 16, 1917; s. Jas. H.; res., Mt. 
Carmel, Pa. 


BEIDELMAN, HARRY HURSH, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 3, 1889;.s. Wm. 
C. and Elizabeth (Hursh) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. Md. Syn., 1915; pastor, Frostburg, Md., 
1915-22; Calvary, Balto., 1922- ; m. Katharine Duncan, Nov. 6, 1918; s. 
Barkley; res., Balto. 


DAVIS, CLARE McLEAN, b. Williamsport, Pa., June 30, 1888; A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1911; Gbg. Sem., 1912-13; grad. Hartford Sem., 1914; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1913; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; pastor, E. Lansdowne, Pa., 1914-16; 
m. Hester V. Pysher, June, 1914; no children; d. May 22, 1916. 


FLECK, JOHN GABRIEL, b. Riegelsville, Pa., Oct. 3, 1891; s. Cyrus L. 
and Annie (Leas) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
Johns Hopkins U., 1921; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, 
St. John’s, Balto, 1915- ; chaplain, Ist. It. 2nd Engr. Trg. Ret. 
June 25, 1918-Oct. 29, 1918, and 219th Engrs., Oct. 30, 1918-Jan. 7, 1919; 
unmarried; res., Balto. 


GRAEFE, JOHN EDWARD, b. Balto., Oct. 12, 1889; s. Ed. and Eliza- 
beth (Snyder) G.; A.B., W. Md. Col., 1912; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
566 


ALUMNI 1912 


B.D., Mt. Airy Sem., 1922; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. Guntur, Ind., Syn., 
1916; miss. to India, 1915- ; m. Wilhelmina Theresa Beyer, Sept. 11, 
1915; children, Dorothy, Eleanor, Jas.; res., India. 


HARNER, ELMER WILLIAM, b. Harney, Md., Dec. 4, 1889; s. Hanson 
O. and Carrie E. (Robinson) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; Gbg. Sem., 
1912-13; ord. R. M. Syn., 1915; pastor, Canon City, Col., 1913-18; St. 
Paul’s, Denver, Col., 1918- ; m. Ella Kathleen Blocher, Jan. 28, 1914; 
children, Marguerite E., Elmer W.; res., Denver, Col. 


HAUSER, ERNEST ROY, b. Oakland, Md., Oct. 28, 1881; s. Jacob and 
Margaret (Roth) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. 
W. Va. Syn., 1914; ord. Al. Syn., 1915; pastor, Casebeer, Pa., 1915-16; 
Juniata, Pa., 1916-20; St. Jnos., Clearfield, Pa. 1920- ; m. Laura E. 
Sanders, June 28, 1916; children, Jean E., Mildred V., Helen M.; res., 
Clearfield, Pa. 


KETTERMAN, DAN, b. Genville, Pa., Apr. 8, 1881; s. W. H. and Lydia 
Malinda (Hamm) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, St. Paul’s, Newville, Pa., 
1914-18; Emmanuel, Freeport, Pa., 1918-19; supply preaching, 1919-22; 
St. John’s, E. McKeesport, Pa., 1922- ; unmarried; res., McKees- 
port, Pa. 


LIEBEGOTT, CHARLES EDGAR, b. Altoona, Pa., Aug. 16, 1888; s. Geo. 
and Anna M. (Hicks) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; ~ 
lic. Al. Syn., 1914; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1915- 
17; Temple, Pgh., Pa., 1917-20; First, Lebanon, Pa., 1920- ; m. Clara 
Elaine Poplsen, Sept. 7, 1916; dau., Lois E.; res., Lebanon, Pa. 


MARKLEY, M. RAYMOND LAY, b. Altoona, Pa., Aug. 31, 1888; s. Wm. 
H. and Sarah L. (Law) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1915; lic. Al. Syn., 1914; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; pastor, Fayetteville, 
Pa., 1915-17; Highspire, Pa., 1920-24; Everett, Pa., 1925- ; chaplain, 
Ist It., Nov. 5, 1917-May 14, 1919, overseas May, 1918-May, 1919; cam- 
paigns, Vesle, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne; m. Mary Lydia Thrush, June 
27, 1917; children, Mary J. T., Raymond; res., Everett, Pa. 


ONEY, ELBERT E., b. Washn. Co., Va., July 27, 1880; s. Wm. B. and 
Catherine (Groseclose), O.; Bridgewater Col., 1899-1902; Gbg. Col, 
1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, 
Elk Lick, Pa., 1915-18; St. Paul’s, Kittanning,, Pa. 1918-19; Trinity, 
Tarentum, Pa., 1919- ; m. Charlotte Catherine Boyer, June 20, 1916; 
res., Tarentum, Pa. 

567 


1912 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


RASMUSSEN, CARL CHRISTIAN, b. Troy, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1890; s. Hans 
and Bertha M. (Anderson) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1915; A.M., Columbia U., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; 
pastor, Newville, Pa., 1915-19; Juniata, Pa., 1919-22; Zion, Greensburg, 
Pa., 1922-23; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1923- ; m. Alma Irene Sieber, 
June 28, 1916; dau., Mary E.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


RICHARD, RALPH ROY, b. nr. Winchester, Va.; s. Asa and Mary 
L. (Bean); A.B., Roanoke Col.; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
1914; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; pastor, Shippensville, Pa., Smicksburg, Pa.; 
Lineboro, Md., 1920-24; Chambersburg, Second, 1924- ; m. Lea Leone 
Benton, Oct. 30, 1915; children, Mary B., Benton R.; res., Chambers- 
burg, Pa. 


RUDISILL, EARL S., b. Littlestown, Pa., Jan. 23, 1891; s. D. C. and Clara 
(Stockslager) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1915; U. of 
Pgh., 1919-23; A.M., same, 1921; U. of Pa., 1923- ; lic. W. Pa. Syn, 
1914; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1915; pastor, St. Stephen’s, Chgo., Ill., 1915-19; 
Aspinwall, Pa., 1919-23; Grace, Phila., Pa., 1923- ; tchg., U. of Pgh., 
1921-23, and U. of Pa., 1924-25; m. L. Grace Mehring, Aug. 20, 1915; 
s.. Fred. L.; res., Phila., Pa. 


RUDISILL, STEWART HARTMAN, b. Gbg., May 31, 1889; s. Frank and 
Ella (Hartman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1915; pastor, Salona, Pa., 1915-17; 
Albany, N. Y., 1917-20; Elizabeth, N. J., 1920- ; m. Ethel Alice Whit- 
taker, May 25, 1915; s., Glenn H.; res., Elizabeth, N. J. 


SALTZGIVER, WILLARD E., b. Codorus, Pa., May 9, 1890; s. Geo. D. 
and Sarah (Shaffer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. Md. Syn., 1915; pastor, Uniontown, Md., 
1915-18; St. John’s, Balto., 1918-23; Messiah, York, Pa. 1923- ; m. 
Elizabeth E. Burns, June 1, 1915; children, Luther B., Willard A.; res., 
York, Pa. 


SCHEFFER, GEORGE ELMER, b. York Co., Pa. Aug. 9, 1888; s. John 
A. and (Gladfelter) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
A.M., U. of Chgo., 1921; B.D., same, 1922; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. 
same, 1915; pastor, W. Manheim, Pa., 1915-17; Augsburg, Chgo., IIl., 
1917-25; New Oxford, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ruth Elizabeth Crumrine; chil- 
dren, Elizabeth A., Geo. E.; res... New Oxford, Pa. 


SHILKE, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, b. Lineboro, Md., Sept. 22, 1886; s. 
Otto and Sara A. (Garman) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 


568 


ALUMNI 1913 


1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, Utica Chge., 1915- ; 
m. Anna Marie Harm, June 15, 1915; s. Chas. H.; res., Walkers- 
ville, Md. 


SPANGLER, WALTER DANIEL, b. Adams Co., Pa., July 20, 1892; s. 
Pius D. and Mary L. (Klinefelter) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1915; U. of Chgo., 1919, 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. 
N. Ill. Syn., 1915; pastor, St. Luke’s, Park Ridge, IIl., 1915- ; m. Effie 
Schwartz, Aug. 12, 1915; children, Fred. W., Ruth M., John R.; res., 
Park Ridge, Ill. 


STERMER, JOSEPH ERNST, b. Shrewsbury, Pa., Oct. 23, 1887; s. Geo. 
H. and Catherine (Ernst) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1915; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. Calif. Syn. 1915; pastor, Grace, 
Phoenix, Ariz., 1915-17; Grace, Santa Barbara, Cal., 1917-18; First, 
Fresno, Cal., 1918- ; m. Sarah Barton Small Oliver, May 22, 1915; res., 
Fresno, Cal. 


WICKEY, NORMAN JAY GOULD, b. Eshcol, Pa., Sept. 25, 1891; s. Wm. 
O. and Jennie A. (Hartman) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1915; A.M., Harvard U., 1916; Ph.D., same, 1922; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1914; ord. Md. Syn., 1916; pastor, Georgetown, Washn., 1916-17; 
St. Luke’s, Cambridge, Mass., 1919; St. Mark’s, Fargo, N. D., 1924- ; 
dir. N. W. Sem., 1924- ; prof., Concordia Col., Moorhead, Minn., 
1920- ; m. Ethel Ruth Basehoar, Aug. 29, 1917; children, Kathryn B., 
Phyllis C.; res., Fargo, N. D. 


1913 


COFFELT, CHARLES MILTON, b. nr. Woodstock, Va., Apr. 9, 1886; s. 
Benj. F. and Ida (Swartz) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Mt. Eden, 
Pa., 1916-17; Rossville, Pa., 1917-20; Wrightsville, Pa., 1920-24; Christ, 
Birmingham, Ala. 1924- ; m. Emily Frances Fichtner, July 29, 1917; 
children, Jno. F., Chas. T.; res., Birmingham, Ala. 


FORTENBAUGH, ROBERT BURNS, b. Harrisburg, Pa. July 17, 1892; 
s. Jas. P. and Mary J. (Zimmerman) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1916; A.M., Syracuse U., 1920; U. of Pa., 1924- ; lic. E. 
Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. N. Y. Syn., 1916; pastor, Atonement, Syracuse, 
N. Y., 1916-23; tchg., Syracuse U., 1918-23; prof., Gbg. Col., 1923- ; 
m. Lena Schweinberger, Aug. 16, 1921; s., Robt. B.; res., Gbg. 


GARMAN, GEORGE SMITH, b. nr. Glen Rock, Pa., Aug. 4, 1890; s. 
John A. and Cathrine (Smith) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1913; Gbg. Sem., 


569 


1913 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1913-15; pres. G. S. Garman Lumber Co., Balto.; m. Carrie Marie 
Byerly, Apr. 7, 1917; children, Geo. B., Anna K., Beulah M., Wm. J., 
Chas. E.; res., Balto. 


GRUVER, JOHN PETER, b. York, Pa., June 27, 1890; s. Martin S. and 
Elizabeth (Dehoff) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Bethany, New York, 
N. Y., 1916-19; res., York, Pa. 


HEGE, JOHN HERVEY, b. Greencastle, Pa. Mar. 17, 1886; s. Danl. and 
Mary F. (Gsell) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Salem, Dover, Pa., 1916- ; 
m. Bertha A. Weagley, May 20, 1916; s. John H.; she d. June 9, 1917; 
m. Grace E. Cushey, Jan. 30, 1919; children, Frank B., Grace L.; res., 
Dover, Pa. 


HEIM, GEORGE ROBERT, b. Loysville, Pa., Apr. 13, 1883; s. Geo. W. 
and Mary V. (Shuman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1916; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Our Saviour, Coates- 
ville, Pa., 1916-18; Blain, Pa., 1919-22; chaplain, Ist It. U. S. A., Mar. 
8, 1918-June 4, 1919, and overseas May, 1918-May, 1919; Meuse-Argonne; 
chaplain and sup. ed., Tressler Orphanage, 1922-23, and supt. same, 
1923- ; m. Martha Elizabeth Frew, June 30, 1917; children, Mary R., 
Geo. R., Martha E.; res., Loysville, Pa. 


HINTERNESCH, AUGUST HERMAN, b. Balto., Mar. 19, 1890; s. Her- 
man and Catherine (Gunther) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; Gbg. Sem., 
1913-14; d. Dec. 26, 1916. 


LEAMAN, J. ENFIELD. A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; spec. stud. Gbg. Sem., 
1914-15; Y. M. C. A. work, Canton, Ohio. 


LIVINGSTON, PAUL YOUNT, b. York, Pa., June 6, 1893; s. Peter and 
Sadie (Yount) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1916; Bib. 
Sem., 1920-22; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, New 
Kingston, Pa., 1916-17; Wrightsville, Pa., 1917-20; Glen Morris, L. L., 
1920- ; m. Annie Margaret Altland, June 10, 1919; s. Jno. P.; res., 
Glen Morris, L. I. 


NICHOLAS, JACOB RUSSELL, b. Kintnersville, Pa., Aug. 28, 1891; s. 
Jno. and Mary (Wieder) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1916; pastor, Trinity, But- 
ler, Pa., 1916-20; W. Sunbury, Pa., 1920- ; unmarried; res., West Sun- 
bury, Pa. 

570 


ALUMNI 1913 


NOLTE, CARL HEINRICH WILHELM AUGUST, b. Hanover, Ger., Sept. 
5, 1885; s. Carl and Emilie (Kempe) N.; Breklum Sem., 1909-13; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
Jamaica, L. I., 1915-18; Zion, Utica, N. Y., 1918- ; pres., Utica Old 
Folks’ Home, 1922- ; m. Margarete Christine Emilie Wegener, Apr. 22, 
1916; children, Martha M., Erwin C.; res., Utica, N. Y. 


PEE, ERNEST LUTHER, b. nr. Everett, Pa. Apr. 19, 1888; s. Jno. and 
Georgia (Probst) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1915; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; pastor, Highspire, Pa., 1916-19; 
Philipsburg, Pa., 1920- ; m. Kathryn Elizabeth Diehl, July 12, 1916; no 
children; she d. Oct. 12, 1918; m. Ida Ethel Feiser, June 7, 1923; res., 
Philipsburg, Pa. 


RIETHMILLER, WALTER LAWRENCE, b. Indiana Co., Pa., Jan. 2, 1882; 
s. Fred. and Charlotte (Feitshaus) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; Gbg. Sem., 
1914; Union Sem., 1914-16; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1916; ord. same, 1917; 
pastor, Chatham, N. Y., 1917-18; demitted ministry, 1919; Y. M. C. A. 
war camp sec., 1918-19; res., Denver, Col. 


RITZ, BERT CLINTON, b. York Co., Pa., Mar. 4, 1886; s. Henry and 
Elizabeth (Markel) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; pastor, Schuylkill Haven, 
- Pa., 1916-19; Hershey, Pa., 1919-20; Columbia, Pa., 1920-25; St. Jas., 
York, Pa., 1925- ; m. Lola Mabel Henry, June 12, 1913; s. Bruce L.; 
she d. Dec. 18, 1922; res., York, Pa. 


RUDISILL, BENTON FRANKLIN, b. Gbg., Jan. 24, 1891; s. Frank and 
Ella (Hartman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, First, West Sandlake, N. Y., 
1916-19; Jerome, Pa., 1919-22; Friedens, Pa., 1922- ; m. Anna Catherine 
Gable, Apr. 18, 1916; children, Dorothea G., Robt. F. G.; res., Friedens, 
Pa. 


RUPLEY, JOHN BENJAMIN, b. Catawissa, Pa., July 21, 1891; s. Danl. 
E. and Amelia (Gabel) R.; Findlay Col., 1908-10; A.B., Sus. U., 1913; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, 
Boonsboro, Md., 1916-18; St. Mark’s, Washn., 1918-20; Grace, West- 
minster, Md., 1920-  ; m. Etheleene Gravatt Weller, Oct. 11, 1916; chil- 
dren, John E., Kendig W.; res., Westminster, Md. 


SHAFFER DAVID L., b. Jenners, Pa., Aug. 9, 1886; s. Adam and Nancy 
(Maurer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic, Al, Syn., 
571 


1914 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1915; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1916; pastor, Messiah, Homestead, Pa., 1916-19; 
Martinsburg, Pa. 1919- ; m. Helen Edna Rupp, June, 1916; children, 
Luther, Jas., Sara J., Helen, Richard; res., Martinsburg, Pa. 


SMITH, FRANK EDWIN, b. Mamont, Pa., Dec. 11, 1888; s. Anthony and 
Frances (Hill) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; U. of 
Pgh.; Harvard U.; Columbia, U.; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 
1916; pastor, Luther Mem., Pgh. Pa. 1916- ; psycho. examiner, W. 
Pen., Pgh., Pa.; m. Hilinda Phillips, June 20, 1918; dau., Ruth P.; res., 
Pet has 


WOLFE, JOHN WESLEY, b. Maytown, Pa., Nov. 14, 1878; s. Jno. H. and 
Sarah (Myers) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Upper Frankford, Pa., 1916- 
20; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1920-22; Williamstown, Pa., 1922- ; m. 
Mildred Pentz Sload, July 5, 1917; children, Lucille A., Esther K.; res., 
Williamstown, Pa. 


1914 


DAUBENSPECK, FRED HUTCHISON, b. N. Washn., Pa. Apr. 15, 1886; 
s. Campbell and Lyda (Hutchison) D.; A.B., Grove City Col., 1911; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1917; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1916; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, 
Ickesburg, Pa., 1917-21; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1921- ; m. Ada Dale Ruppe, 
July 11, 1917; children, Laird R., Fred. C.; res., Aaronsburg, Pa. 


GETZENDANER, MARK A., b. Polo, Ill, Aug. 20, 1892; s. Milton and 
Belle (Thomas) G.; B.S., Carthage Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem, 1917; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1916; ord. Ia. Syn., 1917; pastor, Princeton, Ia., 1917-21; Daven- 
port, Ia., 1921- ; m. Catherine A. Cramer, May 21, 1917; children, 
Mark A., Martha L.; res., Davenport, Ia. 


HOLLINGER, ALBERT M., b. Cumberland Co., Pa., July 7, 1875; s. Jno. 
E. and Mary C. (Shenk) H.; grad. Cumb. Valley State Nor. Sch., 1896, 
and Gbg. Sem., 1917; A.B., People’s Natl. U., 1921; A.M., same, 1922; 
ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, Seven Valleys, Pa., 1917; W. Manheim, 
Pa., 1917- ; m. Anna J. Stouffer, 1898; children, Mary M., Jeanne R.; 
res.. West Manheim, Pa. 


ROBERTS, CLIFFORD STANLEY, b. Hamilton, Ont., Nov. 17, 1889; s. 
Clifford and Caroline (Smolinski) R.; grad. Breklum Sem., 1914, and 
Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; pastor, 
St. Stephen’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1916-20; Redeemer, Montreal, Que., 1920- 
23; St. Jno’s., Waterloo, Ont., 1923- ; m. Beatrice Catherine Reiners, 
Aug. 15, 1917; children, Clifford S., Fred. F.; res., Waterloo, Can. 


72 


ALUMNI 1915 


SHAUCK, CHARLES H., b. Glen Rock, Pa. Jan. 29, 1889; s. Chas. S. 
and Bennerda S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; Gbg. Sem., 1914-16; Hartford 
Sem.; now d. 


SUTCLIFFE, ALFRED TOWNE, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Jan. 21, 1891; s. 
Alfred and Rebecca (Grove) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1917; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; ord. same, 1917; pastor, St. Jno’s., May- 
town, Pa., 1917-19; St. Matt., Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1919- ; m. Marion 
Blocher, June 5, 1917; children, Richard T., Ruth; res., Schuylkill Haven, 
Pa. 


WICKER, SAMUEL EVARISTUS, b. Altoona, Pa., Mar. 10, 1892; s. Jno. 
H. and Alice R. (Wilt) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
19l7.. ALM. Uy of era 1925" SLD: Temple !129 1925's. Ty! of Pa: 
1921- ; lic. Al. Syn., 1916; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1917; pastor, Oakland, 
Md., 1917-20; Wilmington, Del., 1920- ; prof., Temple U., 1924- ; m. 
Orpah Christina Ashby, Dec. 12, 1918; res., Wilmington, Del. 


WOLF, ROBERT JACOB, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Mar. 23, 1891; s. Jacob 
and Catherine (Pointer) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1917; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; ord. same, 1917; pastor, Berwick, Pa., 
1917-18; Greenleaf, Kas., 1920-22; Abilene, Kas., 1922-25; Intermed. 
Luther League Sec., 1925- ; chaplain, Ist It. U. S. A., 1918-19; m. 
Mary Elizabeth Woll, June 15, 1917; she d. Feb. 28, 1918; m. Mrs. 
Rachel Lightner Morgan, Apr. 21, 1919; children, Mary E., Robt. J.; 
res., Harrisburg, : Pa. 


1915 


BAKER, CHARLES WOLF, b. Davenport, Neb., Sept. 12, 1890; s. Chas. 
W. and Anna K. (Wolf) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1918; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. Al. Syn., 1918; pastor, Confluence, Pa., 
1918-23; Springdale, Pa. 1923- ; tchg., Confluence, Pa., H. S., 1921-22; 
author six cantatas; m. Minerva Tanglunbaugh, Oct. 20, 1918; res., 
Springdale, Pa. 


DAY, WILLIAM CHARLES, b. Balto., June 12, 1891; s. Jno..C. and Eliza- 
beth (Wagner) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915-17; ord. 
Kas. Syn., 1917; pastor, Trinity, Kansas City, Kas., 1917-18; Salona, 
Pa., 1918-20; Emmitsburg, Md., 1920-24; Zion, Middletown, Md., 1924-_ ; 
m. Elva Shanebrook, Aug. 16, 1917; children, Ruth E., Wm. C., Evan- 
geline; res., Middletown, Md. 


EYLER, EDGAR JOSIAH, b. Thurmont, Md., Jan. 31, 1889; s. Theo. N. 
and Phoebe A. E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915-17; enlisted 


573 


1915 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


U. S. A., May 9, 1917, com. 2nd it., 315th In., Co. E.; overseas 1918; 
m. Grace S. Steele, June 11, 1918; wounded and d. Oct. 1, 1918. 


GARNS, ROBERT EDWARD, b. Marion, Pa., Jan. 1, 1893; s. Jonathan 
and Sarah (Allen) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; d. Sept. 18, 1916. 


GRUBER, CHARLES, b. Phila., Oct. 14, 1883; s. Geo. and Isabel (Moyer) 
G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1918; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1921; 
Gbg. Col., 1923- ; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, Salona, Pa., 1921-23; 
prof., Gbg. Acad., 1916-17, 1920-21; chaplain, Ist It., 79th Div., U. S. A., 
Jan. 25, 1918-Nov. 20, 1918; camp chaplain, Meucon, France, Nov. 20, 
1918-Apr. 15, 1919; patient in hospital, Apr. 15, 1919-Nov. 26, 1919; St. 
Miehel, Meuse-Argonne; m. Anna Mehring Landis, Jan. 31, 1918; chil- 
dren, Chas. Jr., Isabel V. 


HASHINGER, WILLIAM ROY, b. Williamson, Pa., May 12, 1889; s. Wm. 
C. and Sarah (Recher) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1918; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1918; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
Clarksburg, W. Va., 1918-23; left min., 1923; with Clarksburg Trust 
Co., 1923- ; m. Urilla Knauer Fosnocht, Jan. 8, 1919; children, W. Roy, 
Sarah E.; res., Clarksburg, W. Va. 


HOCKER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Steelton, Pa., Mar. 25, 1890; s. M. P. 
and Amelia (Farnsler) H.; A.B., Valparaiso U., 1910; Bib. Sem., 1912- 
15; Gbg. Sem., 1915-16; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, 
Westville, N. J., 1916-21; Whitemarsh, Pa., 1921- ; m. Mellie Louise 
Reigle, Jan. 31, 1917; children, Luther R., Helen L.; res., Whitemarsh, 
Pa: 


KELLY, JAMES FRANKLIN, b. Gbg., Sept. 25, 1893; s. Eugene S. and 
Annie (Cromer) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor, Christ, Erie, Pa., 1920-23; 
Messiah, Homestead, Pa., 1923- ; enlisted U.S.A., June 1, 1917; com. 
Ist It., 116th Inf.; Haute Alsace, Molbruck Hill, Molleville Farm, Grand 
Montagne, Etraye; discharged May 29, 1919; m. Hope Eyster, Nov. 30, 
1919; dau., Gladys E.; res., Homestead, Pa. 


LOTZ, JAMES MILTON, b. Duncansville, Pa., Apr. 29, 1891; s. Geo. L. 
and Mary (Langham) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1918; 
lic. Al. Syn., 1917; ord. Sus. Syn., 1918; pastor, Blairsville, Pa., 1919-20; 
2nd, Dayton, O., 1920- ; m. Ethel C. Eberly, Aug. 25, 1919; res., Day- 
ton, O. 


574 


ALUMNI 1915 


McSHERRY, HUBERT LUTHER, b. Taneytown, Md., Dec. 27, 1892; s. 
G. W. and Eudora (Lucas) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
Western Sem., Pgh., Pa., 1917-18; D.C., Ph.C., Palmer Sch. of Chiro., 
1921; A. E. F., 13 mos.; chiropractor, 1921- ; m. Mary Joyce Nunn, 
Aug. 17, 1921; res., Frostburg, Md. 


MILLER, MAHLON STECK, b. Philipsburg, Pa., Nov. 29, 1892; s. Wm. 
and Mary (Zug) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1918; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1917; ord. same, 1918; pastor, Berwick, Pa., 1918-19; Lyons- 
Bernville, Pa., 1919-22; McConnellsburg, Pa., 1922- ; m. Virginia Emma 
Williamson, June 21, 1922; dau., Alma V.; res., McConnellsburg, Pa. 


MOCK, ROBERT EMORY, b. Newmanstown, Pa., Nov. 1, 1890; s. Jno. 
H. and Mary (Bollinger) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1918; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. same, 1918; pastor, Sinking Valley, Pa., 
1919-20; St. Jno’s., Juniata, Pa., 1920-23; prof., New Wittenberg Acad., 
1923- ; m. Ruth Lavinia Olinger, June 4, 1918; s, Robt.; res., Spring- 
field, O. 


QUAY, PAUL WILSON, bh. Phoenixville, Pa., Nov. 6, 1892; s. Wm. W. 
and Annie (Hartman) Q.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915-17; 
ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, Trinity, Reisterstown, Md., 1918-21; 
Fourth, Altoona, Pa., 1921- ; m. Vera Margaret Susemihl, Feb. 15, 
1922; res., Altoona, Pa. 


TROUT, JOHN HENRY LEADER, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Feb. 25, 1893; s. 
Josiah and Priscilla (Leader) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1918; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1917; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1918; pastor, Ann- 
ville, Pa., 1918-20; Bethlehem, Youngstown, O., 1920-24; Bethany, 
Cleveland, O., 1924- ; m. Lucy Thusnelda Moeller, June 19, 1918; chil- 
dren, Jean L., Arthur M.; res., Cleveland, O. 


WAGNER, PAUL SCHLEPPY, b. Hazleton, Pa., Apr. 2, 1893; s. John and 
Mary (Schleppy) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1918; 
ord. Sus. Syn., 1918; pastor, Grace, York, Pa., 1918-20; Christ, Phila. 
1921- ;m. Mae Ethel Fickes, May 2, 1918; res., Phila. 


WINKELBLECH, JOHN FRANCIS, b. Union Co., Pa. June 8, 1890; s. 
Jackson and Amelia (Kostenbader) W.; A.B., Bucknell U., 1914; grad. 
Gbe. Sem., 1918; A.M., Bucknell U., 1919; instr., Bucknell Acad., 1914- 
15, and Gbg. Acad., 1917-18; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. same, 1918; 
Camp Pastor, Cape May, N. J., Mar.-Dec., 1918; pastor, Luther Mem., 


575 


1916 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Phila., 1918-19; Hartleton, Pa., 1922-23; White Deer, Pa., 1924-25; 
Brooklyn, Md., 1925-  ; ill-health, 1919-22, 1923-24; m. Helen Margaret 
Smith, Nov. 17, 1923; res., Brooklyn, Md. 


1916 


BAILEY, J. AUGUSTUS, b. May 10, 1878; s. Geo. L. and Mary E. (Dun- 
bar) B.; m. Mabel C. Buffington, June 18, 1903; dau., Elvise; her res., 
Williamsport, Pa.; he d. Feb. 20, 1917. 


COOPER, NORMAN ELMORE, b. Winchester, Va., Mar. 13, 1887; s. 
Lewis and Marie (DeFruville) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1909; Gbg. Sem., 
1916-18; ord. 1918; pastor, N. River Chge., Va., 1918-22; with Cooper 
Mdse. and Oil Co., 1922- ; m. Carrie Myrtle Hall, June 26, 1918; chil- 
dren, Mary M., Norman E., Helen V.; res., Winchester, Va. 


GARRETT, WOUTER VAN, b. nr. Hanover, Pa., Nov. 27, 1891; s. Lloyd 
and Savanna (Sterner) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1918; ord. W.. Va. Syn., 1919; pastor, Keyser, 
W. Va., 1919-20; Middleburg, Pa. 1921-24; Taneytown, Md., 1925- ; 
tchg., York Co., Pa., 1909-11, Gbg. Acad., 1918-19; m. Clara Emma 
Byerly, Aug. 25, 1920; s. Robt. L.; res., Taneytown, Md. 


GOEDEKE, HARRY, b. Balto.; s. Frank and Henrietta (Hartung) G.; 
grad. Balto. Bus. Col., 1903; clerk, For. Miss. Bd., 1903-16; Gbg. Sem., 
1916-19; ord. Md. Syn., 1919; miss. to India, 1919- ; m. Martha K. 
Hoenerm, June, 1919; res., India. 


HINMAN, WILLIS STUART, b. Columbia, Pa. Apr. 5, 1894; s. Willis 
and Sarah L. (Nicholson) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1919; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, Rural Valley, 
Pa., 1919-20; Essington, Pa., 1920-24; Trinity, Manoa, Pa., 1924- ; m. 
Erma Margaret Wildberger, Sept. 10, 1919; dau., Emma V.; res., Up. 
Darby, Pa. 


HOFFMAN, FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Altoona, Pa, Jan. 6, 1892; s. 
Philipp and Clara (Schreiber) H.; A.B. Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1918; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1919; pastor, St. Paul’s, 
Lionville, Pa., 1919-21; Our Saviour, Coatesville, Pa. 1921- ; m. Emily 
Mildred Myers, Sept. 8, 1920; dau., Lulu R.; res., Coatesville, Pa. 


MacDONALD, JAMES ENZER, b. Mapleton Depot, Pa., Dec. 8, 1892; s. 
Jno. L. and Rosetta (Chilcote) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1919; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1918; ord. same, 1919; pastor, Fryburg, 


576 


ALUMNI 1916 


Pa., 1919-20; Sagamore, Pa., 1920-25; Maytown, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ade- 
laide Marion Kerchner, June 14, 1922; res., Maytown, Pa. 


REHMEYER, LOUIS H., b. Balto., Oct. 20, 1891; s. Lewis C. and Amelia 
(Seaks) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1919; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, Shippenville, Pa., 1919-23; Man- 
chester, Md., 1923- ; m. Gladys Elizabeth Hammermiller, Sept. 5, 1922; 
dau., Mary G.; res., Manchester, Md. 


RUDISILL, JACOB EMANUEL, b. Gbg., Aug. 13, 1893; s. Frank and 
Sarah (Hartman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1922; pastor, Riegelsville, Pa., 1922- 
25; Bethel, Phila. 1925- ; tchg., Calif. H. S., 1916-17; Johnstown, 
1917-18; Harrisburg Acad., 1918-19; m. Martha Mehring Hartman, Sept. 
29, 1917; children, Evelyn J., Richard A.; res., Phila. 


SAMMEL, WILLIAM RAYMOND, b. Bedford, Pa. May 23, 1893; s. 
Anthony and Henrietta (Moore) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, Bethany, New 
Castle, Pa., 1919-22; Lititz, Pa, 1922- ; m. Harriet Rebecca Miller, 
June 10, 1919; children, Ed. A., Margaret J.; res., Lititz, Pa. 


SIMONTON, CHESTER STEWART, b. Altoona, Pa., Feb. 27, 1894; s. 
Jacob J. and Elizabeth (Stewart) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1918; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; pastor, Fayette- 
ville, Pa., 1919-23; Trinity, Juniata, Pa., 1923-  ; unmarried; res., Juni- 
atajiPa. 


SPANGLER, JOHN ELMER, b. Adams Co., Pa., Sept. 4, 1895; s. Pius 
and Mary (Plank) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; Gbg. Sem., 1916-18; with 
Retail Credit Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; m. Helga Clarice Bergquist, June 
1; 192k, 


SUNDAY, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Davidsburg, Pa.; s. Wm. C. and 
Mary (Whitright) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1919; 
stud. Edinburgh, Tubingen, Oxford, 1922-24; Ph.D., Edinburgh U., 1924; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1918; ord. same, 1919; pastor, Second, Chambersburg, 
Pa., 1919-22; St. Jas., N. Y. Cty., 1924-  ; unmarried; res., N. Y. Cty. 


TOME, JOHN S., b. Mar. 8, 1894; s. John A. and Jennie (Supplee) T.; 
A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1919; A.M., Col. U., N. Y., 1920; 
Union Sem., 1921; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1921; pastor, Uniontown, O., 1921- 
23; Shelby, O., 1923-25; Hanover, Pa., St. Mark’s, 1925- ; m. Mar- 
guerite Moore, Nov. 22, 1921; s. Jno. M.; res., Hanover, Pa. 


577 


1917 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


TRUNDLE, GEORGE HEDGES, b. Frederick, Md., Feb. 12, 1895; s. Chas. 
N. and Kate (Boyer) T.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1916; Gb. Sem., 1916-17; supt., 
brokerage and agency dept., Aetna Life Inc. Co., N. Y. Cty.; U.S.A., 
May 13, 1917-July 9, 1919; successively, pvt., 2nd It., Ist It., capt., 315th 
Inf., 79th Div.; at Meuse-Argonne; cited by C. in C. and decorated; m. 
Hazel Margaret Wolfe, Feb. 29, 1920; dau., Margaret B.; res., N. Y. City. 


WEIDLEY, PAUL ALBERT, b. Altoona, Pa., Apr. 12, 1894; s. Geo. and 
Emma (Kolley) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1919; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, St. Paul’s, Monesson, Pa., 
1919-23; Frostburg, Md., 1923- ; m. Olive Gertrude Reighard, May 13, 
1919; s. Geo. S.; res., Frostburg, Md. 


1917 


BECKSTRAND, OTTO GARFIELD, b. Cherry, Val. Twp., Winnebago 
Co., Ill., May 7, 1887; s. Otto August and Anna Augusta (Carlson) B.; 
A.B., Carthage Col., 1918; lic. Syn. N., Ill, 1918; ordained same, 1919; 
assoc. Trinity Luth. Ch., Rockford, Ill.; m. Agnes Marie Anderson, Sept. 
6, 1917; s. Otto Garfield, Jr., Robert Gabriel, dau. Margaret Agnes. 


BINK, HOWARD FRANK, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 4, 1893; s. Harry G. 
and Emma (Conrad) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; pastor, Piedmont, W. Va., 1920- 
22; Williamsport, Md., 1922- ; m. Verna Hill, June 12, 1922; s. Howard 
H.; res., Williamsport, Md. 


BOYER, FRANKLIN WEBSTER, b. Clarion Co., Pa, Aug. 29, 1884; s. 
Jos. and Martha (Bruner) B.; A.B., Thiel Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1920; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor, McKean, Pa., 
1920- ; m. Pearle Irene Miller, May 24, 1922; res.. McKean, Pa. 


BRENNEMAN, WILLIS RAYMOND, b. Seven Valleys, Pa., July 31, 
1897; s. Abner and Elsie (Kessler) B.; B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor, 
Grace, Clarion, Pa., 1920-21; Lebanon, Pa., 1922- ; m. Lela Belle Glad- 
felter, Nov. 24, 1921; res., Felton, Pa. 


CORBETT, CHARLES HOWARD, b. Balto., Nov. 7, 1890; s. Wm. H. 
and Wilhelmina (Wolf) C.; LL.B., Balto. Law Sch., 1913; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1921; Johns Hopkins U., 1921-23; lic. Md. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 
1921; pastor, Linthicum Heights, Md., 1921- ; lawyer in Md., 1913-17; 
set., Ist C., U.S.A., 2nd Dt. Av. Sec., Mar. 23, 1918-Feb. 28, 1919; m. 
Wilhelmina Marie Froehlich, Jan. 6, 1920; dau. Lois M.; res., Linthi- 
cum Heights, Md. 

578 


ALUMNI 1917 


FINK, JAMES RUSSELL, b. N. York, Pa., Apr. 2, 1896; s. Jno. E. and 
Sadie (Neiman) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; miss. to India, 1920- ; m. Fairy 
Leona Fink, June 9, 1920; dau., Mary E.; res., India. 


FISHER, HENRY EARL, b. Karthaus, Pa., Jan. 18, 1894; s. Henry and 
Lulu (Rhone) F.; Gbg. Col., A.B., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 1917-18; Union 
Sem., 1918-21; M.A. Col., 1921; various church publicity offices; business, 
1924- ; m. Lucia Smith, June 24, 1922; s. Bradford Smith, res., Bronx- 
ville, N. Y. 


HERSHEY, CLARENCE HENRY, b. Dover, Pa., May 25, 1894; s. Henry 
and Annie E. (Hoffman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; pastor, Lehmaster, 1920- 
22; Hellam, Pa., 1923- ; m. Erma Ellen Kohr, May 14, 1920; dau., 
Eleanor L.; res., Hellam, Pa. 


HORICK, PAUL JACOB, b. Melrose, Md., Jan. 22, 1891; s. Jacob and 
Alice (Utz) H.; A.B., W. Md. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Sylvan Chge., Pa., 1920-23; 
Lemasters, Pa., 1923- ; m. Mary Agnes Leese, Dec. 22, 1916; children, 
Geraldine A., Justin J., Melanchthon L.; res., Lemasters, Pa. 


KUNKEL, NORMAN WILBUR, b. Dover, Pa., Oct. 4, 1893; s. Washn. 
and Sarah (Boyer) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 1917-18; A.M., 
Columbia U., 1921; ord. Presby. Min., 1921; pastor, Blue Grass, Ia., 
1921- ; U.S. A,, Jan. 5, 1918-Dec. 5, 1918, 2nd It.; m. Dorothy Hunting- 
ton Coffin, June 21, 1921; res., Blue Grass, Ia. 


LARSEN, JENS PETER MOURITZ, b. Aalborg, Den., Nov. 2, 1892; s. 
Mouritz and Anne M. (Nielsen) L.; emigrated May, 1912; Dana Col., 
1 yr.; Union Miss. Trg. Inst., 3 yrs.; Gbg. Sem., 1917-19; lic. W. Pa. 
Syn., 1918; ord. Sus. Syn., 1919; miss. to Africa, 1919- ; m. Magda 
Cecilia Jorgensen, May 30, 1919; dau., Ellie D.; res., Liberia. 


LOUDENSLAGER, PAUL EDWARD, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 23, 1894; 
s. Chas. E. and Katie L. (Miller) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 
1917-18; M.D., U. of Pa., 1922; interne Lankenau Hospital, Phila., 1922- 
24; unmarried; enrolled as med. miss. 


PETERS, WILLIAM HOWARD, b. Dallastown, Pa. Sept. 11, 1892; s. 
W. H. and Katharine P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; pastor, Chanceford, Pa., 1920-23; 
Windber, Pa., 1923- ; unmarried; res., Windber, Pa. 


579 


1918 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


ROST, LAWRENCE EUGENE, b. Red Lion, Pa., Sept. 6, 1894; s. Charles 
August and Alice Anna (Neff) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 
1917-1918; Ensign, U.S.N., 1918-19; business, 1919- ; m. Gladys Fulton, 
June 10, 1920; res., Red Lion, Pa. 


SCHILLINGER, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 17, 1893; 
s. Jno. E. and Annie (Clafferty) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1920; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; miss. to Japan, 
1920- ; m. Esther Maria Yeager, June 9, 1920; dau., Mary L.; res., 
Japan. 


SLIFER, LUTHER WALTER, b. Idaville, Pa., Mar. 6, 1895; s. Wm. G. 
and Mary B. (Walter) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; 
B.D., Union Sem., 1921; A.M., Columbia U., 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1921; pastor, Grove Chapel, Pa. 1921- ; m. 
Matilda Joanne Anderson, Sept. 20, 1921; children, Mary B., Martha L.; 
res., Grove Chapel, Pa. 


SPANGLER, JOHN ALLEN, b. York Co., Pa., Oct. 2, 1892; s. John A. 
and Anna M. (Menges) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 1917-18; 
unmarried; d. Mar. 8, 1919. 

1918 


BAKER, RALPH WOLF, b. Youngstown, O., Oct. 17, 1898; s. Chas. W. 
and Anna K. (Wolf) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1921; ord. 1921; pastor, Fairfield, Pa, 1921- ; m. Garnette Odessa 
Frye, June 12, 1924; res., Fairfield, Pa. 


CLOUSER, PAUL RUSSEL, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 19, 1897; s. David 
and Ellen (Danner) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1921; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. Ia. Syn., 1921; pastor, Valley Jct., Ia., 1921- 
24; St. Paul’s, Marion, O., 1924- ; m. Vivian Louise Okerbloom, Dec. 
25, 1920; res., Marion, O. 


DRAWBAUGH, JACOB WILBUR, b. Steelton, Pa., Oct. 16, 1896; s. Eli 
and Della (Rider) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1921; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Keyser, W. Va., 1921-25; 
St. Luke’s, Balto., 1925- ; tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1918-19; m. Amelia Marie 
Perry, Dec. 27, 1916; 3 children; res., Baltimore, Md. 


GOTWALD, LUTHER ALEXANDER, b. Springfield, O., July 28, 1898; s. 
Fred. G. and Julia (Small) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; miss. to India, 1921- ; 
m. Ethel Grace Bare, July 27, 1921; children, Fred. G., Emily L.; res., 
India. 


580 


ALUMNI 1918 


GROVE, ELWOOD MARTIN, b. York Co., Pa., Dec. 6, 1894; s. Wm. M. 
and Alice (Buckingham) G.;~-A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Trinity, Mechan- 
icsburg, Pa., 1921-23; Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Pa. 1923- ; m. Emily 
Frances Wright, May 17, 1921; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 


HAGEDORN, IVAN HENRY C., b. Westfield, Pa., Feb. 9, 1897; s. Hans 
and Louise (Oldenberg) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1921; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Collingswood, 
N. J., 1921- ; m. Anna Ingebar Dowling, Mar. 21, 1921; dau., Carol 
L.; res., Collingswood, N. J. 


HILNER, HOWARD KAUFFMAN, b. Danville, Pa, Mar. 8, 1897; s. 
Alfred and Hannah (Kauffman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1921; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1920; ord.. same, 
1921; pastor, St. Paul’s, New Cumberland, Pa., 1921-24; Watsontown, 
Pa., 1924- ; m. Lena Ethel Markward, June 15, 1921; dau., Dorothea 
M.; res., Watsontown, Pa. 


HUFFER, RALPH S., b. Burkittsville, Md., July 30, 1896; s. Chas. S. and 
Jennie (Hightman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; Gbg. Sem., 1 sem.; B.D., 
Hartford Sem., 1922; ord. Cong. Ch., 1922; pastor, Middlefield, Conn., 
1922- ; m. Ruby E. Nikirk, May 29, 1922; s. Richard R.; res., Middle- 
field, Conn. 


MAXWELL, DAVID ELIAS, b. Jeannette, Pa., Mar. 12, 1894; s. Jacob 
and Gertrude (Tompkins) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1922; pastor, Clairton, Pa,, 1922-25; E. Pgh, 
1925- ; prin, Trafford, Pa, H. S., 1917-18, 1919-20; m. Catherine 
Anna Allshouse, Aug. 21, 1918; s. Robt. D.; res., E. Pittsburgh, Pa. 


MILLER, HARMAN FREDERICK, b. Balto., Jan. 4, 1897; s. Jno. F. and 
Louisa (Euler) M.; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; A.M., 
Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. Md. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; miss. to India, 
1922-24; pastor, Punxsutawney, Pa., 1925- ; m. Clara Isabel Waring, 
Aug. 10, 1922; dau., Ruth M.; res., Punxsutawney, Pa. 


MILLER, ROBERT SHERIDAN, b. Johnstown, Pa. Mar. 12, 1894; s. 
Henry D. and Mary (Repp) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1921; lic. Al. Syn., 1920; ord. Pb. Syn., 1921; pastor, St. Matt., 
Crafton, Pa., 1921- ; m. Vera Clare Davis, June 15, 1920; children, 
Ruth E., Mary A.; res., Crafton, Pa. 


581 


1919 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


REDCAY, WILLIAM HAROLD, b. Oberlin, Pa., Nov. 11, 1897; s. Wm. 
I. and Lulu (Snoddy) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
1922; U. of Pa., 1922-24; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; pas- 
tor, Westville, N. J., 1922-24; Reisterstown, Md., 1924- ; unmarried; 
res., Reisterstown, Md. 


SHETTEL, PAUL OTTERBEIN, b. Big Spring, Pa., Sept. 21, 1895; s. 
Jno. A. and Elizabeth (Crowl) S.; A.B., Lebanon Valley Col., 1918; 
Gbg. Sem., 1918-20; B.D., Bonebroke Sem., 1921; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1924; 
Westminster Sem., 1923-25; lic. Pa. Conf. U. B. Ch., 1916; ord. same, 
1921; pastor, Limeridge, Wisc., 1917; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1917-18; Big- 
lersville, Pa., 1918-20; Yankeetown, O., 1920-21; Walkersville, Md., 
1921- ;m. L. Viola Witmer, June 15, 1922; children, Paul O., Viola E.; 
res., Walkersville, Md. 


STINE, RALPH E. A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; Gbg. Sem, 1918-19; grad. 
stud., Lafayette Col.; res., Easton, Pa. 


STONESIFER, WADE EARL, b. Littlestown, Pa. Oct. 28, 1892; s. An- 
drew S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1921; Oxford U., 1921- 
22; lic. Md. Syn., 1920; ord. Episc. Ch., 1923; rector, Irvington, Md., 
1923- 


WAGNER, RALPH LaSHELLE, b. Gordon, Pa., June 11, 1892; s. Wm. E. 
and Etta G. (LaShelle) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1922; lic. E. Pa. Syn, 1921; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; pastor, Lower 
Frankford, Pa., 1922- ; m. Stella Barton Shumaker, Aug. 9, 1922; dau., 
Margaret E.; res., Carlisle, Pa. 


1919 


CREAGER, HAROLD LUTHER, b. Gbg., Nov. 10, 1897; s. Leander and 
Elizabeth (Snyder) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1922; 
Columbia U., 1922-23; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; pastor, 
Our Saviour, N. Y. Cty., 1922-23; prof., Dickinson Sem., 1918-19; instr., 
Gbg. Sem., 1920-22; prof., Sus. U., 1923- ; m. Grace Dorothy Clarke, 
Sept. 1, 1923; res., Selinsgrove, Pa. 


FRANK, CHARLES ORVIS, b. Rebersburg, Pa., Apr. 17, 1880; s. Jas. P. 
and Margaret (Spangler) F.; A.B., Sus. U., 1903; tchg. 1903-05; asst. 
prin. Bloomsburg, Pa., H. S., 1905-09; prin. Huntingdon, Pa, H. S., 
1909-12; prin. Philipsburg, Pa., H. S., 1912-19; Gbg. Sem., 1919-20; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor Punxsutawney, Pa., 1920-24; 
Bethany, New Castle, Pa., 1924- ; m. Rebecca Covert, Aug. 23, 1905; 
children, Elizabeth C., May C., James N., Chas. E.; res., New Castle, Pa 


582 


ALUMNI 1919 


FUNK, DAVID MELANCHTHON, b. Apr. 5, 1893; s. Milton and Mary 
(Rorabaugh) F.; Grove City Col., 1915-16; Gbg. Col., 1916-17; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1922; ord. 1922; pastor, Oakland, Md., 1922-26; Morgan- 
town, W. Va., 1926-  ; prin. Nanty Glo, Pa., Schs., 1913-15; U.S.A., Mar. 
29, 1918-July 5, 1919; at Somme, St. Mahiel, Meuse-Argonne; m. Hazel 
Claire Thayer, July 27, 1924; res., Morgantown, W. Va. 


LANG, ROBERT LUTHER, b. Williamsburg, Pa., Feb. 26, 1897; s. Jno. 
E. and Jennie (Garman) L.; Gbg. Col., 1913-14; U. of Pgh., 1916-17; 
grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. Al. Syn., 1921; ord. Md. Syn., 1922; pastor, 
Jefferson, Md., 1922- ; U. S. S. Orizaba, May, 1917-Apr., 1919; M. Grace 
Ella Rudisill, May 18, 1918; s. Robt. L.; res., Jefferson, Md. 


LESHER, LELAND HUBERT, b. Valley Falls, Kans., Oct. 27, 1896; s. 
Saml. M. and Addie (Young) L.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1918; Gbg. Sem., 
1919-21; lic. Ia. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Waterloo, Ia., 1921- 
25; Muscatine, Iowa, 1925- ; m. Alice Schmoldt, Aug. 31, 1920; s. David 
M.; res., Muscatine, Ia. 


RICKER, CHARLES C., b. Mt. Holly Springs, Pa, Apr. 17, 1897; s. 
Walter and Clara (Keefauver) R.; A.B., Gbg.- Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. 
Sem., 1922; lic. Al. Syn., 1921; ord. Pb. Syn., 1922; pastor, North East, 
Pa., 1922-24; Westville, N. J., 1924-25; Reformation, Phila., 1925- ; Co. 
F, 11th Ret., U. S. Marines, A. E. F., 1918-19; m. E. Grace Gaunt, Nov. 
15, 1923; res., Phila., Pa: 


SAUL, HARRY LUTHER, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Mar. 12, 1893; s. Howard 
and Ellen (Raubenhold) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1922; U. of Pa., 1924-; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord same 1922; ‘pastor, 
Palmyra, N. J., 1922-26; Bedford, Pa., 1926- ; U.S. A., May 28, 1918- 
Dec. 12, 1918, 335 Mch. Gun Bat.; m. Blanche Hoffman, May 6, 1922; 
she d. July 14, 1923; res., Bedford, Pa. 


SCHONING, ARNT LARS, b. Christiana, Nor., 1890; s. Jno. L. and 
Josephine (Jacobsen) S.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1918; Gbg. Sem., 1919-20; 
B.D., Yale Div. Sch., 1922; ord. Christian Ch.; pastor, Westerly, R. I, 
1923- ; World War, 1917-18; m. Mabel Elizabeth Ballon, 1918; s. Jno. 
B.; res., Westerly, R. I. 


SHINDLER, RAYMOND CLAYTON, b. York, Pa., May 3, 1898; s. David 
and Hattie (Schriver) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; pastor, Messiah, Balto., 1922-  ; 
m. Rosa Elizabeth Stiles, June 7, 1923; res., Balto, Md. 


583 


1920 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


VENABLE, CHARLES LESLIE, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Feb. 10, 1898; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. 
Md. Syn., 1922; pastor, Grace, Easton, Md., 1922- ; U.S.A.A.S., June 
25, 1917-June 4, 1919; at Amiens, Somme, Noyson, Oise; m. Vera Long, 
June 20, 1922; res., Easton, Md. 


WEBNER, CLARENCE GEORGE, b. Chicago, Ill, Sept. 29, 1895; s. 
Harvey J. and Barbara S. (Erb) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; pvt. Co. D, 
304th Engr., 79th Div., sailed for France July 10, 1918; on Verdun 
front, Sept. 21-28, and Mountfaucon front until Oct. 1, on Nantillois 
front, Oct. 4, and gassed, on Bellaray and Death Valley fronts, Oct. 29- 
Nov. 11, 1918; teaching, Hawley, Pa., 1916-18, and Bradford, Pa., 1920; 
Gbg. Sem. Ist sem., 1919; unmarried; d. f. effects of gas, June 18, 1920. 


WILLIAMS, PATRICK HENRY, b. Mt. Williams, Va., Dec. 31, 1887; s. 
Jas. H. and Aurelia (Bean) W.; Roanoke Col., 1913-15, 1916-18; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. Md. Syn., 1921; ord. same 1922; pastor, Hamp- 
stead, Md., 1922-24; E. Riverdale, Md., 1924-25; Union Bridge, Md., 
1925- ; U.S. A., May 25, 1918-Nov. 23, 1918; m. Ruth Richter, July 26, 
1922; res., Union Bridge, Md. 


YUND, ROY LA VERNE, b. New Kensington, Pa., Oct. 30, 1898; s. Chas. 
W. and Anna (Shoop) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1922; 
Livingstone Col., London, 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1922; miss. to Africa, 
1922-24; pastor, Worthington, Pa., 1924- ; m. Ruth Brode, June 1, 1922; 
s. Lowell C.; res., Worthington, Pa. 


1920 


AMAN, JOHN ANDREW, b. Hyattsville, Md., May 31, 1899; s. Frank 
and Esther (Compher) A.; A.B., Geo. Washn. U., 1920; A.M., same 1922; 
B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; miss. wk. 
in Indianapolis, Ind., 1923-24; pastor, St. Jnos., Mahanoy City, Pa., 
1924- ; m. Mary Louise Whittington, June 21, 1923; res., Mahanoy 
City, ! Pa, 


BOUSUM, JACOB ST. CLAIR, b. E. Prospect, Pa., June 4, 1897; s. John 
F, and Abbie (Keller) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1923; pastor, Springfield Gardens, 
L. I., 1923- ; unmarried; res., Springfield Gardens, L. I. 


GEIGER, CHARLES DAVID, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Nov. 6, 1894; s. David 
and Martha (Case) G.; A.B., Albright Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1923; lic. E. Pa, Syn., 1922; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; pastor, 2d, Cham- 


584 


ALUMNI 1920 


bersburg, Pa., 1923-24; Immanuel, Phila., 1924- ; m. Mabel Catharine 
Holsapple, Aug. 16, 1916; children, Richard A., Dorothy V.; res., Phila. 


HILDEBRAND, CLINTON FREDERICK, Jr. b. York, Pa. Aug. 25, 
1897; s. Clinton and Bertha (Ziegler) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1923; pastor, 
Carnegie, Pa., 1923-24; North East, Pa., 1924- ; m. Hazel Kathryn 
Bartow, June 11, 1923; s. Clinton F.; res., No. East, Pa. 


KELLER, LLOYD MONROE, b. Shrewsbury, Pa., July 29, 1894; s. Saml. 
F. and Katherine (Wagner) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; Nancy U., 1919; 
B.D., Bbg. Sem., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1923; pas- 
tor, Arnold, Pa., 1923- ; U.S. A., 1918-19, A. E. F., 11 mos.; m. Naomi 
Rose Gram, July 10, 1924; res., Arnold, Pa. 


LEHN, JOHN HENRY, b. York, Pa., June 2, 1897; s. Wm. H. and Fan- 
nie (Keesey) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1923; pastor, Dickinson, Pa., 1923-24; New 
Cumberland, Pa., 1924- ; instr. Gbg. Col., 1919-20; m. Violet Miriam 
Shenk, Sept. 26, 1925; res., New Cumberland, Pa. 


MILLER, GUY EDWARD, b. nr. Newville, Pa., Apr. 13, 1894; s. Jerry 
and Mary C. (Elliott) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1923; pastor, Jerome, Pa., 1923- 
24; Biglerville, Pa., 1924-25; St. Paul’s, Mercersburg, Pa., 1925- ; U.S. 
N. R. F., July 19-Dec. 20, 1918; m. Mary Mentzer, June 19, 1923; dau. 
Emma C.; res., Mercersburg, Pa. 


MIURA, INOKO, b. Kurume, Japan, 1886; s. Senjiro and Ito M.; mem- 
ber ancient Samurai caste; Kumamoto Sem., 1909-15; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1922; Johns Hopkins U., 1922-23; Columbia U., 1922; ord. in Japan, 1917; 
pastor in Shimonoseki and Yokyo, 1915-20; member Ex. Com. Luth. Ch. 
in Japan; trustee Luther Girls’ Sch.; prof. Luth. Sem. in Japan, 1923-_ ; 
ed. The Luth. in Japan, 1917-18, 1923- ; m. Michiko Saruki, Dec. 12, 
1919; sons, Yoshikazu, Tetsuo; res., Japan. 


NEAL, CLARENCE ARTHUR, b. Waynesboro, Pa., Dec. 7, 1895; s. Wm. 
L. and Annie (Saylor) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; pastor, Myersville, Md., 
1923- ;m. Caroline Maude Baker, May 24, 1923; res., Myersville, Md. 


PIPER, EDWARD ALBERT, b. Sharon, Wis., Jan. 9, 1893; s. Rufus and 
Clara (Peters) P.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; 
ord. Ill. Syn., 1923; pastor, Webster City, Ia., 1923- ; U. S. A., June 


585 


1921 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


19, 1918-Sept. 3, 1920; m. Tena Marie Peterson, June 14, 1923; res., 
Webster City, Ia. 


PUTMAN, DWIGHT FREDERICK, b. Somerset, Pa., Sept. 3, 1898; s. 
Wm. B. and Caroline (Shaulis) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920: A.M., same 
1923; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. Al. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1924; pastor, 
Cairnbrook, Pa., 1923- ; m. Agnes Rebecca Kelly, Aug. 18, 1924; res., 
Cairnbrook, Pa. 


STAMM, RAYMOND THOMAS, b. Milton, Pa., 1894; s. Jacob and Lydia 
(Long); S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; U. of Chgo., 
1923-  ; tchg., Northd. Co., Pa., 1912-15; instr., Gbg. Col., 1920-23; instr., 
Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; sgt., U. S. A., Med. Dt., 1918-19; unmarried. 


STERNAT, HENRY WICH, b. Balto., Oct. 16, 1897; s. Maximilian and 
Barbara (Pfosch) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B. D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. 
Md. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; pastor, Lansdowne, Md., 1923-25; Big- 
lersville, Pa., 1925- ; m. Mary Marguerite Hollinger, May 25, 1923; 
dau. Dorothy L.; res., Biglerville, Pa. 


WALDKOENIG, ARTHUR CHRISTIAN, b. Balto., June 28, 1900; s. Geo. 
and Amelia (Kach) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1923; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1922; ord. 1923; pastor, Epiphany, Pgh., Pa., 1923- ; m. 
Carolyn Ellen Metcalfe, June 28, 1923; res., Pgh., Pa. 


WINDMAN, ERNEST PAUL, b. Muscatine, Ia., Nov. 7, 1892; s. Wm. B. 
and Henrietta (Bloomer) W.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1923; ord. Ill. Syn., 1923; pastor, Bridgeport, O., 1923- ; U.S. N., 
1918-19; unmarried; res., Bridgeport, O. 


YIENGST, KIRBY MAHLON, b. Myerstown, Pa., June 1, 1895; s. Milton 
and Ida (Lutz) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. 
E. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; pastor, Union Deposit, Pa., 
1923- ; tchg., Myerstown H. S., 1915, Hain’s P. S., 1915-16; m. Lola 
Alice Spannuth, May 24, 1924; res., Union Deposit, Pa. 


1921 


BRAME, EDWARD GRANT, b. Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1897; s. Ira F. B.; 
A.B., Dickinson Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
1924; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1924- ; m. Sue L. Musser, May 27, 
1924; res., Elmer, N. J. 


COBLE, OLIVER DEWEY, b. Allegheny, Pa., Aug. 2, 1898; s. Jacob and 
Susie (Kistler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 


586 


ALUMNI 1921 


W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Bendersville, Pa., 1924-  ; 
unmarried; res., Bendersville, Pa. 


DEITRICH, LaROY SEIBERT, b. Palmyra, Pa., Sept. 20, 1896; s. Chas. 
A. and Sarah E. (Seibert) D.; A.B., L. V. Col., 1918; prof., Hamburg, 
N. J., H. S., 1918-19; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. 
same, 1924; pastor, Westernport, Md., 1924-25; m. Margaret Donaldson 
Horner, June 11, 1924; s. La Roy S.; res., Gettysburg, Pa. 


ENDRES, JOSEPH EARL, b. Huntingdon, Pa., Oct. 25, 1893; s. Miles and 
Mollie (Grove) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Howard Beach, L. I., 1924- ; 
U. S. A., Sept. 21, 1917-Dec. 13, 1918; dis. 2nd It.; m. Mildred Bales, 
May 16, 1924; res., Howard Beach, L. I. 


FALKENSTEIN, ELWOOD S., b. York Co., Pa., Jan. 4, 1898; s. Chas. C. 
and Minnie (Henry) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, St. Paul’s, Newville, 
Pa., 1924- ; U.S. A., July, 1918-Aug., 1919; m. Ruth M. Diehl, May 
20, 1924; res., Newville, Pa. 


HAFER, GLENN TEETER, b. Marion, Pa., Nov. 1, 1897; s. Nicholas and 
Sarah (Teeter) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, nr. Red Lion, Pa., 1924- ; 
m. Mabel Jane Snoke, May 24, 1923; res., Red Lion, Pa. 


HUDDLE, WILLIAM CHALMERS, b. Salisbury, N. C., Feb. 6, 1897; s. 
W. P. and Sarah (Coley) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. 
Sem., 1924; lic. Va. Syn., 1924; pastor, Greenville, Tenn., 1924-25; Tom’s 
Brook, Va., 1925- ; U. S. N. R. F., Oct. 23, 1918-Dec. 30, 1919; m. 
Gladys Claudine Kimler, Sept. 9, 1924; res., Tom’s Brook, Va. 


LIND, RALPH WINFIELD, b. Altoona, Pa., Nov. 7, 1897; s. Chas. L. and 
Mary (Hopple) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
Al. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 1924- ; un- 
married. 


LITTLE, JOHN HAROLD, b. Hanover, Pa., July 8, 1895; s. Jno. W. and 
Sophia (Miller) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924- 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, New Chester, Pa., 
1924-  ; unmarried. 


MORTENSEN, LUDWIG CHRISTIAN, b. St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 30, 1883; 
s. Vilhelm and Gertrude (Pedersen) M.; Luther Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 


587 


1921 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1924; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; U. S. A., Sept. 7, 1917- 
Apr. 3, 1919, A. E. F.; pastor, W. Fairview, Pa., 1924- ; m. Ruth Anna 
Meales, June 6, 1923; s. John M.; res., West Fairview, Pa. 


REGINI, LAWRENCE, b. Galveston, Tex., Apr. 9, 1897; s. Guiseppe and 
Angelina (Gattoli) R.; Bib. Sem., 1918-21; Gbg. Sem., 1921-23; miss. 
for Pb. Syn., 1923-24; not lic.; unmarried; d. Feb. 1, 1924. 


ROBINSON, FELIX GRIFFIN, b. Oakland, Md., July 24, 1898; s. Jno. G. 
and Martha (Hinebaugh) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; ord. same, 1925; pastor, Incarnation, Ja- 
maica, L. I., 1925- ; m. Cora Lucille Henry, June 7, 1925. 


SEILER, GEORGE HENDERSON, b. Fishers’ Ferry, Pa., Dec. 28, 1888; 
s. Airsman and Rosa (Snyder) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1909; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1924; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Shanksville, Pa., 
1924- ; m. Anna Yeager, Apr. 4, 1911; children, Ruth J., Roland Y.., 
Lloyd H.; res., Shanksville, Pa. 


SHAULIS, SAMUEL SYLVESTER, b. Marklesburg, Pa., May 31, 1897; s. 
Saml. A. and Mary (Miller) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
1924; lic. Al. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, New Millport, Pa., 
1924- ; m. Gracia Woodward, June 1, 1925; res., New Millport, Pa. 


SHUMAKER, STELLA BARTON, b. Elliotsburg, Pa. July 8, 1898; dau., 
Luther M. and Elizabeth (Stambaugh) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; A.M., 
same, 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1921-22; 1st female stud. Gbg. Sem.; m. Ralph 
LaShelle Wagner, Aug. 9, 1922; dau. Margaret E.; res., Carlisle, Pa. 


SIEGART, WILLIAM RAYMOND, b. Colfax, Pa., Aug. 8, 1897; s. Jno. 
W. and Margaret (Hessom) S.; Tri-State Col.; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; 
ord. N. Y. Syn., 1924; pastor, Our Savior, Jamaica, L. I., 1924-26; Ram- 
sey, N. J., 1926- ; mem. Am. Hist. Assn.; U. S. S. Nicholson, 1917-18; 
U.S. A., 1918-19, A. E. F.; m. Pauline Gladys Kaiser, Aug. 3, 1925; res. 
Ramsey, N. J. 


WOODWARD, LUTHER ELLIS, b. Walnut, Pa., Mar. 11, 1897; s. Emory 
and Anna (McCahan) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; A.M., same, 1924; 
B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; Columbia U. and Union Sem., 1924- ; lic. C. 
Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. Sus. Syn. of C. Pa., 1924; pastor, Ascension, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., 1924- ; unmarried. 


YOUNG, HENRY BECK, b. Hagerstown, Md., Dec. 23, 1891; s. Henry O. 
and Naomi (Beck) Y.; Gbg. Acad., 1913-15, 1916-17; grad. Gbg. Sem., 


588 


ALUMNI 1922 


1924; lic. Md. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1925; pastor, Concordia, Balto., 
1925- ; overseas with Adj. Gen. Dept., 1918-19. 


1922 


BOWER, PHILIP, b. Gbg., Oct. 29, 1897; s. Philip and Harriet (Bucher) 
B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; 
pastor, Emmitsburg, Md., 1925- ; m. Eva Clair Deardorff, May 28, 1921. 


FOULK, PAUL LEVI, b. Littlestown, Pa., Dec. 31, 1896; s. Levi and Ella 
(Rudisill) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; A.M., Gbg. 
Col., 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; pastor, St. Mark’s, Clarksburg, W. 
Va., 1925- ; U. S. S. Edenton, 1918-19; co-ed. Adams Co. in the World 
War; m. Mary Louella Bower, June 26, 1923. 


FUHRMAN, ARTHUR ALPHEUS, b. Hanover, Pa., Nov. 17, 1899; s. 
Wm. H. and Ida (Kain) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; Gbg. Sem., 1922-24; 
lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; d. Dec. 2, 1924. 


GERARD, EARL A., b. Carthage, Ill, July 30, 1899; s. Charles A. and 
Bertha (Payne) G.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; 
A. E. F. Sig. Corps, 1918-19; res., U. of N. Dakota. 


GULCK, GEORGE KROHN, b. Aalborg, Denmark, Dec. 22, 1895; s. 
Friederich and Christine (Jensen) G.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1921; Gbg. Sem., 
1922; U. of Md., 1924- ; emigrated, 1917; naturalized, 1923; prep. for 
med. miss. 


JOHANSON, ERNEST JEROME, b. Chgo., Ill, Dec. 9, 1924; s. Jos. and 
Mathilda (Sundberg) J.; A.B., Carthage Col. 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922- 
23; Hartford Sem., 1923-25; U. of Wis., 1922, 23, 24; lic. E. Pa. Syn, 
1924; entered min. of Cong. Ch. 


KECK, GEORGE HARROLD, b. Cherry Hill, Md., Aug. 21, 1901; s. Geo. 
M. and Lydia (Ward) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; 
prof., Martinsburg, W. Va., H. S., 1923- ; m. Mary Elizabeth Bar- 
behenn, May 16, 1923; res., Martinsburg, W. Va. 


MERTZ, WALTER L., b. Balto., July 12, 1899; s. Harry and Elizabeth 
M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; B.D., Yale U., 1925; 
res., Balto. 


MILLER, RAYMOND CLINTON, b. Allentown, Pa., July 17, 1897; s. 
Clinton and Lillie (Moser) M.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 


589 


1923 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1922-24; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1924; B.D., Yale U., 1925; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
1924; pastor, Riegelsville, Pa., 1925- 


MUMPER, JACOB HAROLD, b. Gbg., June 4, 1899; s. Jacob and Ida 
(Kitzmiller) M.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1921; Boston Tech., 1921-22; grad. 
Gbg. Sem., 1925; instr.. Gbg. Sem., 1923-25; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; 
pastor, Westville, N. J., 1925- ; unmarried. 


NAGELE, CARL ROBERT, b. Conshohocken, Pa., Dec. 26, 1899; s. Chas. 
C. and Sallie (Smith) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; 
lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1924; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 1925- ; unmarried. 


SCHWARTZ, GEORGE PHILIP, b. York, Pa., Oct. 7, 1899; s. Jno. and 
Susan (Myers) S.; Gbg. Col., 1920-21; grad. Nyack Miss. Sch., 1922; 
Gbg. Sem., 1922-24; d. May 29, 1924. 


SIEBOLD, CHARLES EARL, b. Dayton, O., July 13, 1901; s. Jos. R. and 
Mary (Koch) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; B.D., 
Hartford Sem., 1925; res., Dayton, O. 


SORRICK, RAYMOND CLYDE, b. Aitch, Pa., Dec. 24, 1893; s. Saml. 
and Flora (Taylor) S.; Gbg. Col., 1913-15; U. of Pgh., 1915; A.B., Gbg. 
Col., 1925; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1925; lic. Al. Syn., 1924; pastor, Woods- 
boro, Md., 1925- ; U.S. A., 9 mos., A. E. F., 6 mos.; m. Hadessa Mae 
Hoover, June 14, 1917; dau. Marjorie M. 


WAGNER, JOHN HOY, b. Glasgow, Pa., Oct. 30, 1898; s. Wm. J. and 
Katharine (Hoy) W.; Sus. Col., 1916-17; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., 
Gbg. Sem., 1925; U. of Pgh.; Pa. State; Columbia U.; ord. Sus. Syn., 
1925; pastor, Gerrittsen Beach, L. I., 1925- ; prin. Turbotville, Pa., 
H. S., 1920-22; instr., Gbg. Col., 1923-25; unmarried. 


WILLARD, PIERCE MAIN, b. Frederick, Md., Sept. 1, 1898; s. Clinton 
and Sallie (Main) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; 
lic. Md. Syn., 1924; pastor, St. Paul’s, Balto., 1925- ; unmarried. 


1923 
BULLER, EDWARD BARD, Jr., b. Maytown, Pa., Mar. 4, 1901; s. Ed. 


B. and Christie (Sload) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1925. 
pastor-elect, Rosedale, L. I. 


DIEHL, WILLIAM CLARENCE, b. Nittany, Pa., Oct. 23, 1901; s. Wm. 
K. and Annie (Sheely) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; Gbg. Sem., 1923-24; 
tchg., 1924-25. ; 


590 


ALUMNI 1923 


ERHARD, WILLIAM MELANCHTHON, b. New Millport, Pa., Nov. 2, 
1896; s. Robt. and Laura (Martz) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; instr., Gbg. 
Acad., 1924-25. 


ESHENAUR, THEODORE WILBUR, b. Oberlin, Pa., Dec. 22, 1899; s. Wm. 
I. and Bertha E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. 


MOGEL, CHARLES LUTHER, b. Newport, Pa., Sept. 18, 1894; s. Jesse 
and Melinda (Carl) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. 


NAUS, ALFORD RAYMOND, b. Berwick, Pa., Apr. 2, 1901; s. Henry and 
Margaret (Hudelson) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. 


PEERY, THOMAS BENTON, b. ‘Nagasaki, Japan, Feb. 9, 1898; s. Rufus 
B. and Letitia (Rich) P.; A.B., Midland Col., 1920; U. of Chgo., 1922. 


REDCAY, MARK S., s. Wm. I. R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; Gbg. Sem., 
1923-24; res., Clay, N. Y. 


RINGS, WILLIAM REFUS, b. Amlin, O., June 17, 1898; s. Wm. F. and 
Nettie (Clover) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1925; mgr. 
Office Service Bureau, Gbg., 1922- ; m. Louise Evelyn Casper, Apr. 11, 
1917; dau. Miriam E. 


ROBINSON, RALPH CARLETON, b. Oakland, Md., Feb. 20, 1901; s. 
Jno. G. and Martha (Hinebaugh) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn.,,1925. 


SIMON, CARL ROBERT, b. Cincinnati, O., July 17, 1901; s. Jacob and 
Lois (Vose) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1925; instr., Gbg. 
Col., 1923-25. 


SPANGLER, JACOB MONROE, b. E. Berlin, Pa., June 28, 1899; s. Cur- 
tis and Eliza (Eyster) S.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1920; tchg., 1920-23; lic. W. 
Pa. Syn., 1925. 


STUEBER, FREDERICK, b. Pgh., Pa., June 30, 1901; s. Geo. and Mary 
(Schneider) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. . 


WEBNER, HARVEY WALTER, b. nr. Gary, Ind., June 29, 1901; s. Har- 
vey and Barbara (Erb) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; m. Ellen Mae Hoff- 
man, May 21, 1925. 

591 


1924 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


1924 


ERB, HARVEY MONROE, b. Fisherville, Pa. Jan. 17, 1895; s. Chas. F. 
and Carrie (Shepley) E.; A.B., Sus. U., 1924. 


HAUPTMANN, FRIEDRICH JOHANNES, b. Cunewalde, Saxony, Ger., 
Apr. 4, 1890; s. Fried. A. and Olga (Petasch) H.; Meissen Gym., 1901- 
10; prof., Deut. Obersch. and Lehrersem., Dresden-Plauen, 1922-23; 
asst. prof., Gbg. Col., 1924-25; It. engrs., Ger. army, 1915-18, in Rus- 
sia, Belgium, France; recd. Iron Cross; m. Marie Anna Haferkorn, Apr. 
3, 1915; adopted dau. Martha; res., Gbg. 


LESHER, MAURICE EDWIN, b. Dakota City, Neb. Sept. 18, 1901; s. 
Saml. M. and Addie (Young) L.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1923; supply, 
Trivoli, Ill., 1923-24. 


MORECRAFT, EDWARD I., b. Bayonne, N. J., Oct. 22, 1898; s. Jas. and 
Margaret (Prendergest) M.; Hart. Sem., 1918-21; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924. 


SENFT, CLETUS ARTHUR, b. Spring Grove, Pa., Apr. 8, 1901; s. Calvin 
and Cora (Trump) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924; m. Florence Minerva 
Kautz, June 25, 1925. 


SIMOLEIT, HANS OTTO FERDINAND, b. Danzig, Ger., Sept. 14, 1894; 
s. August and Minna (Rahn) S.; Danziger Anwaltskammer, 1913-14, 
1919-21; Breklum Sem., 1921-23; Kropp Sem., 1919; Danziger Volks- 
hochsch, 1921-23; Kiel U.; Gbg. Sem., 1924-25; lic. Md. Syn., 1924; 
ord. same, 1925; pastor, Rochester-Monaca, Pa., 1925- ; instr., Kropp 
Sem., 1922-23; German Army, 1914-19; recd. Red Cross 3rd Cl.; un- 
married; res., Rochester, Pa. 


STAHLMAN, CHARLES ELIAS, b. Ringgold, Pa., Mar. 23, 1884; s. Jacob 
and Mary (Brosius) S.; A.B., Geneva Col. 1918; tchg., 19 yrs.; spec. 
stud. Gbg. Sem., 1924-25; pastor, Lineboro, Pa., 1925- ; m. Nettie 
Jane Mauk, Jan. 1, 1911; children, Chas. R., Sara H., Alice C. 


WAYBRIGHT, WALTER ERNEST, b. Adams Co., Pa., Nov. 11, 1899; s. 
Frank. and Ella (Reaver) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924. 


YOST, HUGH EUGENE, b. Hanover, Pa., Sept. 22, 1902; s. Morris and 
Cora (Anthony) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924. 


ZBINDEN, OTTO, b. Ruppersdorf, Saxony, Ger., Nov. 5, 1896; s. Hans and 
Clara (Nitsche) Z.; Berlin Miss. Sem. and U. of Berlin, 1919-23; Kropp 
Sem., 1923-24. . 

592 


ALUMNI 1925 


1925 


ALLEMAN, HENRY SNYDER, b. Roxbury, Pa., March 27, 1897; s. Martin 
Luther and Anne Elizabeth (Fannestock) A.; Gbg. Acad., 1918; Cumber- 
land Val. S. Nor. School, 1922; prin., Woodbury H. S., 1922-25; pvt. 
A. E. F, Hosp. Trains 52 and 58, 1918-19; m. Pearl Baker, June 2, 1921; 
children, Elwood Snyder and Martin Luther. 


AUNGST, SPENCER WENRICH, b. Reinholds, Pa., Jan. 4, 1904; s. Harry 
Homer and Alice (Wenrich) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


BARNES, JOHN LUTHER, b. Williamsport, Md., June 14, 1903; s. Samuel 
C. and Mamie E. (Byers) B.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


BAUBLITZ, EARL RAYMOND, b. York, Pa., March 10, 1902; s. Wilson 
and Emma (Ziegler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


BORLEIS, JOHN HENRY AUGUST, b. Balto, Md. July 20, 1902; s. 
August and Rosalie (Goldschmidt) B.; Gbg. Acad.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


CURRAN, GEORGE JACOB, b. Chanceford Twp., York Co., Pa., July 29, 
1900; s. Joseph Andrew and Margarette Ellen (Warner) C.; Gbg. 
Acad.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


DISE, WALDO LEE, b. Tangier, Va., July 18, 1902; s. Joshua Thomas and 
Martha Metmora (Murphy) D.; Wesley Col. Inst.; lic. Al. Syn., 1924; 
pastor, White Haven, Md., and Ray’s Hill-Mt. Pleasant, Pa.; m. Mary 
Adelaide Tieman, June 14, 1923; dau. Forest Anita Margaret. 


EHRHART, KENNETH STRINE, b. Brodbecks, Pa., Oct. 28, 1904; s. Wil- 
liam Henry and Emma A. (Strine) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925; m. Mary 
Sevilla Barbehenn, Sept. 17, 1923; children, Kenneth William and Richard 
Lewis. 


EVANS, LUTHER WELTMER, b. Annville, Pa., June 9, 1904; s. John 
Nathan and Rebecca Elizabeth (Weltmer) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


GRESH, RALPH RICHARD, b. Obelisk, Pa., Nov. 13, 1898; s. John H. 
and Flora S. (Richard); A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1922; Mt. Airy Sem., 
1922-24; Gbg. Sem., 1925-26; taught 2 yrs. public schools of Frederick 
Twp. 

593 


1925 ALUMNI 


GROSSMAN, FRITZ, b. Rudczanny, Ger., Jan. 20, 1900; s. Frederick and 
Louise (Rogalski) G.; Mission Seminary, Berlin, 1919-23; Kropp Sem- 
inary, 1923-25. 


KLUG, CARROLL SEBASTIAN, b. Balto., Md., Jan. 16, 1906; s. William 
Sebastian and Louisa Albertina (Hartung) K.; Balto. City Col.; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1925. 


KROH, MILLARD LEO, b. Glen Rock, Pa., June 28, 1902; s. Charles Fra- 
zier and Lucinda (Keeney) K.; York Col. Inst.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


LAIRD, GEORGE DENSMORE, b. Trenton, N. J., May 1, 1899; s. Robert 
Densmore and Lida Etta (Trent) L.; Gbg. Acad.; Gbg. Col., 1925. 


MELHORN, GEORGE IRA, Jr., b. Hanover, Pa., July 13, 1903; s. George 
Ira and Lauretta (Deagen) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925, 


PROCASCO, CHARLES EDWARD, b. Williamstown, Pa., Aug. 21, 1892; 
s. Henry J. and Sara A. (Swoyer) P.; C. P. A. Comm. of Pa.; lic. E. 
Pa. Conf. U. in Christ, May, 1922; m. Esther N. Goudy, June 21, 1921. 


SHIMER, FRANK HERBERT, b. New Kingston, Pa., Oct. 3, 1902; s. Rev. 
Herbert D. and Carrie Anne (Ogden) S.; Hartwick Sem., 1921; A.B., 
Gbg. Col., 1925. 


SIMON, WALTER VOSE, b. Springfield, O., Feb. 15, 1894; s. Dr. Jacob 
Spener and Lois E. (Vose) S.; ex-15 Gbg. Col.; m. Margaret F. Wells, 
May 16, 1918; s. Walter, Francis; Mex. Border Service, 1916; A. E. F., 
Inf., 1917-19. 


STILES, AUSTIN EDWARD, b. Dallastown, Pa., Dec. 1, 1895; s. Albert 
Alvin and Barbara Ellen (Flinchbaugh) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


TROUT, PAUL JOSIAH, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Oct. 24, 1898; s. Josiah and 
Mary (Leader) T.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


WINK, HOWARD LAMAR, b. Manchester, Md., Mar. 2, 1904; s. Jacob 
Robert Lamar and Minnie Oneida (Leese) W.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


ZIEGLER, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Phila., Pa., Aug. 5, 1902; s. Michael 
Marcellus and Emma (Kline) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 


594 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


Abel” Geo. By op ieissccescn i acts 527 
Avery, John 'W. akeonas 489 
Puawens, Chase Ts cccsetensAnaees tchdues 481 
Aikman, Alexander ..........cccssssees 365 
Ainsworth, John E. wccsessscsssceees 566 
Babach, (J. Wore. -<)5.csdeseatabons estates 387 
Atbert,, John J. Avdcat eins 507 
Aibert, Luther: Ba (ieccidecestndcote 397 
Mme right, » Geo. Aha) ea tihwaw 463 
J Vi veers Ee > BOR DIRE) Rapalonrette ee ee 337 
Alleman, Henry S.  wccecscsccseee .. 593 
Alleman, Monroe J. cesssscssesees 390 
Allison, Wilbur M.. ...cccccessssossee 566 
Adtran: Datlis Si hac sscieesthereastems 390 
ASI Doli A. co achconcsisstdced eocotin 584 
amici! GeO kW. 5 Ws piseategemcesss 475 
Anderson, Geo. W.  cscccccscssscssee 403 
Petepacks Fred. Re: ciitss..-sepeenes 381 
Arspach, Jotiry) G.. .ilsccisenatet cesses 365 
PRS tah |) FLO yl i sasfisidss-ctbesiserervenens 498 
sat BRO 5 ick. ch djsiasiernee 393 
Anstadt, Wim. M. wscsscsscsssseseneenee 479 
Apple, Benj. Fr insacccescpeccssoeseece 424 
Apple, Ulysses Ey. ......:..sssossorsse 520 
PEI PROT ssenenpdonneghtionbsereonshoh 373 
Ramold. Clarence EE.) ....scesserhenar 553 
7 TE CY 8 5 ae a 559 
PN BE i ppovenhacsenedsacsobeniieonsenes 363 
PE er, TORT. U,,., ...ckebonecpacosvedsonopense 465 
PERMTONEY, 2 SAT. noch hme nsvavpibiodocvessonny 414 
Aungst, Spencer W.  crsscsssescseree 593 
eta 08S, Gar Ph .ecafeorendans done sina 562 
PT ONIN a cacenrsestnstysnnidesooteny 502 
BRAD i ATISUSTUS..- 200... .cccscceccresenesers 369 
RUE Wp MAAS ie A ls hsnnderdossosttleihoccossacs 407 
Bailey, J. Augustus .......scccseecses 576 
Beaker Ghia Se UW 5! hoes casscconctbiees 476 
RV c) cakchssy in cb bes cakpsvebstokons 573 


Baker, : Hetiry < .iuis0-cetecat cee 387 
Boker, Jos.'B, sbi hiigiee 539 
Baker, Ralph) W.+4..aeuistieca 580 
eal reagent he 507 
Bame: Richard Liceul. donne 502 
Batnen, High, Mai cisi.cccssseccessevce 490 
Bannen, Robt. Go cute. caess. 493 
Bansemer,) Chas. i:scccacaletscptanganis 369 
Barbehenn, Nathaniel ................ 520 
Marclays) ds Oho vies teas 468 
Barclay. JOS.) Te sb esc ccts 413 
abe WV Bic hae 512 
Batiley,.° Wot 2 Wi ised cus 547 
Barnes, Joh /i:la):ig...2k:. cece 593 
Barnett, Chas. .W. naniwetst..k. 553 
Batnitz, Fred. As teagan a, 387 
Batnitz,’ Jo Chass Se2ucaer ck 370 
Barnitz,) Samio Be iis week 421 
Bassler, Gottlieb: 2.00... 384 
Bastian; Call’ Peo we, 543 
Bapblitz, Hark Ry sipare 593 
Baugher, Henry L, Jr. assis 422 
Baugher, Henry L., Sr. .........02 366 
Batghman,. Geo, Wi ‘aici 476 
Bavehman,, Harry Piciuellas 562 
Beta Fred. Tie ives ok 524 
Batm: lohn. Coie tbat ue 447 
Baten Wa Me So. waalid..cke 395 
Baum, oWm:,.M. Je. eadeandak 463 
Bean, Arthur: Nivcush gai cc! 539 
Beard) Martin /Doiiici.abhinna 458 
Becker, Dani. R...3..dbenian 481 
Béékley, | Geo. FH jai oka. 410 
Beckstrand, Otto Gi ..ccccccsseceee 578 
Beidelman, Harry H. .........ccs00 566 
Beiswanger, Ge0. csscccscccssssecssees 508 
Belfour, ) Edmutid® cicsaiehk 410 
BOT) A ther tiie ais conan ssecnccatedbedvaread 465 
Bell, VAlbert), Doth wales 555 


595 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Belle Chass, Kee a ee 520 
Bell, Toews ip Stic a hed 407 
Bender, Harvey Ua. wc.cccccssscssees 520 
Betiedicts (Deis 4. ata 390 
Bénedict, | Fredy Rook eee 396 
Betielitsy«.Ns A. sere KE Ad 486 
Benze,« Adolph. Lo ..ck And 429 
Benze, Gustave A.  ciccccccccccccsssee 484 
Betg,.- Andrew swe ah RA... 384 
Bergstresser, Fred. Li uu... 479 
Bergstresser, Fuller wu. 502 
Bergstresser, Peter .....1...ccoscsessesse 407 
Berkemeier, WI. ......cccccosscossecsesees 403 
Berkemeyer, Ferd. ......ccccccssssssssce 408 
Berkey, Harvey En wc 508 
Berkey WmiecAr bok 555 
Berlin, Solomon J. cc.cccscscsssseeee 417 
Berrys Wr oH Gia 490 
Berwager, F. Hampton. ........00 548 
Bickel ;sHasvey~ one 550 
Biekel;..Henry  M. .23..0in00N ae 398 
Bieber; Bénjii/Ry 2a Re 548 
Bikie,« ChasGeo. 4h... 0beti 508 
Bille; sLouiswA wy fen 415 
Bikle; . Philip. Ms... 2a S2 ae 438 
Billheimer, Stanley wees 503 
Baltheimer, | TiGh Ce el 328 
Batik, Howarth, Fede ees 578 
Bitch,.Dhosi) Be? ete Cee 503 
Bishop,-oblenry * 222650... cai: 380 
Bittle, .David/+B.en. ease 376 
Bittle,..Jonathan..B..i:1..0 es 503 
Bixler, vablensy, (oy! clic te eoieell 498 
Black;... Luther! \Si. ds. AR aka ie 490 
Biank,-:) offa8 bv nate okaned 552 
Blackwelder, Danl. M. ...........00 415 
Bitty; Bdward Eh. thickest 498 
Bloomhardt,...Paul “H. (Weid,..u 559 
Bepst,..dsaac.. Wa" Sore 458 
Bolenius, |. Wane). 371 
Bonnell, Walter.) Sé2.0.cccine 554 
Borleis, . John’. H,: “A; “2 593 
BCI COE a ivvtsselercesobaeiettetnde 399 
Bosserman, Alex. B. .....csscscsserceee 393 


Bets & Wome: 9s iedecaesattetl ne beatcotentes 376 
Bottiver,’ Chase Si) 2.08.5) ee 535 
Bouk; ' Keath oN yok ilhakusenee 494 
BOus ih; J ACUIO hays) weecescbRecaresaeas 584 
Bower, Pleory? MM. cise ataes 556 
Bower, Philipy sésisckessssdcocdeecdta teed 589 
Bowers, John Cy wuccceccscsssssosesssees 512 
Bowers, Geo. Si. ...ccccccscssesscssescceeees 469 
Bowersox, Geo. Ey vc..cscccccscoeeee 562 
Bowersox, Hixon T. ou... tt 56 
Bowman,-Karl< Jas .sideiceectdecesise 565 
Boyer; » Frank:---W. «3. Abide olil 578 
Boyer, » Edwin---B.+'\...i2A0ad. lll 554 
Boyer,-«Matt: -G. 46.ai2nt. Gal 435 
Boyer; Simon {Re -siticth.. MS 371 
Brame, Edward Gu wcssscsscessseees 586 
Brame, Irae Fi}. 285008... d 487 
Braren;John-Ss -essdiihaeessotts 508 
Brauns,~-Fred.  W. .2.088G5..c8 399 
Bream, --Chas; -.Si» 4.80 562 
Brecht,G.B We ade. cea 408 
Bredenbek, Arthur wu. 517 
Bregenzer; Otto By tkd.aaim 535 
Brehm; WmeEy «cit. acl accelieces 494 
Breidenbaugh, Edward ..........c0 388 
Breidenbaugh, Edward S. ........ 441 
Breitenbach, John W. uu... 447 
Brenneman, Willis R. wuss 578 
Bridgeman, Augustus L. ............ 388 
Bright,+~-Woma-- Lar -+‘cisscstn cat beac 529 
Brillhart, HH.» CG. QQ 552 
Briner, Ira: Gu ssdssnatnteaerettl 530 
Britt, Ghass As “Basdisssierscsthbtilance 479 
Brésius;-Chas.Hié cit. SES Ae 520 
Brosius;--James-~-Av” URS 565 
Brown, Chrisenberry A. ......e00 487 
Brown, Geo. G. M. ceccscecceeees 481 
Browily’-J Ais A scsdiviniccphddsbendtlauieaaes 311 
Brown, James “Al'}:...2iee 384 
BtOwn),:,. Lsstds., nscs-.cchel eae 468 
Brown,... Wom... E.:. 2b ees 532 
Brown, .. Wm... Beit ee 562 
Brownmiller, Martin L. ........... 535 
Brabaker, . Jobin. '.c./iccibconabieal 447 


596 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


Brubaker, Wm. Gi csseodtticssectooss 525 
Bucker,” VWs Lo snp sstedtvsccteseiones 499 
Buehler, Huber G. , .s3:utians,. 481 
uller, Edward’ By 2ge sa 590 
Burger, Sylvester Gijon 28k 520 
Bergess, Ellis’ Blick osc 499 
Buroner, Jacob:B.. ck. ae. 445 
Burke; 1: Calwertsint..cnnnebe 426 
urmite, David ‘Kiiiy i, cca 539 
Burrell, James. L. Ac Loe 455 
Butter, Chas,’ H.')) aia a 481 
Butler, Clarence E.  .u..cc...cccscsseee 550 
Figtler, Jas, Woe bd. pttactanaeeeey 494 
Ta gd AR CB elle aA Sao! 2 397 
Ravers, |: FACOD "Wo \isescabse-ayacsnosesseosos 472 
Bivece? Ton. a ae de ue 521 
Campbell John FP. 2bl.....chcceccsies 388 
earinaday,, USAC, ervckese.2ebldiareiesctia 532 
Gaoto Geo J. ae. aR 365 
arnell, oSimon.,.P. 2. 2h ..isa! 439 
racy, NWI06. 1. se a 546 
Chamberlin, Ed... A. .ut.c..c...cccccoee 556 
Glaney, Wilkins ViBiescc... ein 535 
Glare, Tenry. (E.. socdie tA 521 
Bai Mis i scaccocteacnsubvicccbeseod 543 
Glare... Richard. Hi. i... ictad...td 441 
BA SRO be Ldn a eascaddafecsioveantte 535 
PMT tl Be ns cons Scasteavadegecnnltd 580 
SS SY, ERIS Rate 2 a EF 334 
Giiie. Oliver: D).... ..cciscslecdeisslessesves 586 
rete Chas. My sche... 569 
EERO i A I PSE 550 
Reba red VV t.. uel. 378 
rere victor. L.. Be 2b desstiee 400 
Gonradi, Freds. A....cccciendescorepceae 439 
PRBS CEN In 2s 2.2). ccnlMossdoaqestece 448 
Peiver.§ Michael... .......d2s0s0i5d deeosss 431 
0 SSRs FST ne a ee 437 
Cook, Jeremiah K.  wu..eeeeseseeee 508 
SES SO RR a ee 439 
Ceoner, daar Rina nities 543 
Cooper, Norman E. ......scscesesesees 576 
TE A” RAR ABT Pd ES a ae 332 


€apenhaver, Amos Qiih...csbsiite 411 
Gorbett,.. Chas; He cnc anges oe 578 
Worhett, . Thos... Wi. aaa 393 
Cornell, Nathan A. .c0 ac 388 
Gorman. Wn 0). (oleae 431 
Gortetz, Fred sl Wak pcieseslecrsenes 373 
Gor, Clarence) Bix ciate cok 521 
Greager Harold Us i rue cs 582 
Gwessier, Tosialt..F. As. .cscu esses 441 
Ceessman. MoS." cee 458 
Gracléer, John's EB. \,.02 ee 512 
Giassman)., Fred... :He Fea. 476 
rast SCO WV ci Neseaccccendesoeteteree cast 455 
ial Alfred: Di. 20 2 a 424 
URE Fe) 01 9 i ea aU eo Ee 459 
BOLE | LODTE ys Ws icscoscapttecbedbetesenntroded 429 
REMODEL th Co ee sekthesstevestpostastase 460 
Cromer, Geo, (Candie eae 517 
Cronholm, Neander N., ..........s000 443 
Gross). Wim. Moe UCN coe 525 
Grouse,.; Theo... Le... ede ek 487 
Caller’. Martin...IZ. cians -cck decane 429 
Giller, Silas. A. 0)... Skk ieee 543 
Grprran) GeO: Fond icccvsvonsse cabbeotentens 593 
Gurtis,..Sylvander, ithe Sua 393 
Dahleen, John, A. ithe 443 
Pati -Aindreagt: Jo ¥ cccctktescescsaste 494 
DalvaereAc 4s. ccce eee eeeeteases 408 
Damuth, Warren K. ........scccsssee 509 
Darmstaetter, John A. ......ccesee 418 
Daubenspeck, Fred. H. ou... 572 
Paurherty, Stas Ds ee on 490 
Davis Glare, Mir 2250. stecttescertesare 566 
PORVISS OTD. (ese ctrenced stenttoteers 370 
DONT TE ee ner cavesteuceteetirs 573 
Dans. OeCatis. Cruvvesnsteocttvateelsttices 556 
Deininger, Constantine ..........s000 393 
Deininger, Rudolph W. ............ 408 
Deitz, Archibald E.  wscscseees 503 
ERIE | snkiercs Ed vrcsntacovash sc bettcrestiie 468 
Pep)... Wim. Sar. esnyseovss sheeted 466 
D6r ry Rye Viess ociethn ee etons dies 562 
Dérr,\Saml. Jerid aus 476 


597 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Detweiler, }John Si). .1...ui 445 
DeY 06€; Ephraim, sae 384 
Dey ce luther A La 484 
Diehl Chas wer eee ee 401 
Diehiesy Chasoi Wa, Sroka ae 532 
BORRBD | CGO. i cccscasaseakbecomaseber ouvecubonss 378 
T8ehl Jacob ae 548 
Diehl Jobin) Hs is eee eee a 525 
Dabhd. Tobin. Mi ieee 548 
Dyehi, Michael iis.5 cies 393 
Then Sami Aw Reh, lee 448 
Diehl. Samiics, Vet oe 494 
PD Watt ee gold 590 
POHL UN ee RO ak 485 
PRE UNG By issackecscossnal tial daenaces 439 
PHeTELIG A LECVItE (suo edactlellaeoress 513 
Dietrich, LaRoy oS, cess tieos 587 
Diffenderfer, Geo. M. ..esssccscseee 513 
Tome, Bens iSO) Glades 485 
EHSG, .) VV UIC 1 Lad; havctesthicosstutclsceals 593 
Tone TS, CEOs SylicssusseroaicCdeeasase cae 468 
PRE a Fe: (leh asescksteaskenteneeurtaaccom 431 
Dolman, Parry  Soer we as 556 
Neve 7os gigthet 20 5) OQURRMAPAA Me PRR ba Rhee 12, 408 
Donmeyer, Geo. J. ssccossscscesssecess 388 
Dortiblaset. pam ly, cccnesdoecverevery 479 
Bhosh, 928. We") Tass ecsak Resta 413 
BROT Y tog RODE Wins gialereteaithcovanes 532 
Drawbaugh, David P. .......ssss00 509 
Drawbaugh, Jacob W.  ......s.s00 580 
Dreibelbis, Emanuel L. .........scs0 487 
Dey, facote' (55 Sas ce 374 
Dunbar, Wome. Fis chores corned 448 
Dunkelberger, R. M.  wcecesecsssseee 552 
Bhan lap, :  WHton «Co pt nettesteisvers 504 
Dysinger, Holmes .......c.s..ccssessese 466 
Healy, Eh etiry Be ic cectocseentietetoneen 406 
Barly, (John. Wik stdbin daa 418 
Barnest; Joni Ati) valiccleccctadsice 418 
Easterday, Geo. H. pitiitas daa S89 
Bbbert Tora Wo ost Biscecsserepes 422 
Bheling;: Alert. nssiupo-esnnecitedetvovtes 430 
Ebeling. “THenry, Ba. \<..cshosceetennnet 482 
Peres, L181 Giulia psecndvesensuapsiehennsos 371 


Sheehart Chas: Joe on 403 
Ehrenfeld, Augustus C. .........0 394 
Ehrenfeld, Geo. Fy .....cccscscscccees 381 
Bhrhart) Bare? yu Ber 559 
Ehrhart, Kenneth S. .ceesesses 593 
Bhrhart;: Woes oo eee 513 
Eichelberger, Geo. W.  sscccccsossee 472 
Eichelberger, John M.  .....sccove 404 
Eichelberger, Lewis  ..c....csccsscsssceee 363 
Eichelberger, Webster .........00 422 
Eltinger,, JohnG:, 2d.0euaae 376 
Bly, --Geow Berne 556 
Himerich: Wmv: dc 2 otc esecesetondaes 388 
Emery) Wiamie i literati tebteciene 390 
Enders, ‘Geo. Wi; Jie: osicioacecrnstes 513 
Enders, : Martins Dy, 22. 22e 3 532 
Endres, Jos.) Eostins. uae 587 
Eriglar, | Geos. We c.c0tiicacsettee 528 
Bnvlish, John. S.:;Astieensaaeen 521 
Erb, Harvey. Mis cccodecchtiensnanite 592 
Potrhard: John A: 22) ance 530 
Rerhard;). Wim. cM, GLa an 591 
Erhest,\. Harry, Baa wines 536 
Eshenaur,:;Theo:c Weitiainaienone 591 
Essicle, 7A braliam) A2i..ci.cecueecos 399 
Better, Chas: |. Buy, ccdceebeodbbl ah ilbecel 494 
Biveler;,:GeosH. jaan 539 
Byerett,, Thos.Ty \slc,.cottaiiscneesett 442 
Evans, ,.,J OShitaa olson ho reeekeneaciente 395 
Eyvans,,. Luther: Wo isiessepttecesctecnaal 593 
Eewald,, Peter, i\.sicccdesschldeeecnae 468 
Fyyler,,, Clarence As. ’-ciaicudenseotine 470 
Eyyler,’ David... Ji nck. cp ih detleseested 397 
Eyler, Edgar... 2cu.0iateee 573 
Eyster, Chas... Mi: og icp a scehtie 472 
Eyster,. Michael: /.,:tc.ccccbcsdsaleessbstane 376 
Fyster, :Wim,., Eis) iditcdiee nee 381 
Fahs, «Wns HH. ...-.,-ssteueececenianeayan 494 
Fair, F..; Adatn \i.smestitediontetees 432 
Falkenstein, Elwood S. ............ 587 
Basold, Peter. B.. ...cccccsessascsobesthigesned 494 
Fastnacht, Abraham G. ......00 443 
Feldman, Wm. Hi. wacccscscssscseee 521 
Felton, Anthony K. .....cccssosssessee 448 


598 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


Pelton) Ephraime ns se ccc attooss AGS Sires Wy rt os deb ssacadaee ibaa tebe 540 
Hetteroliy Robt Five wskeietes 495); Meas Wane) SS. haat ieee 452 
Fichthorn, Andrew S. ....sceseveee 479 = Frederick, Geo. W. cscsccsssoccsseeee 435 
RUETIET Sof OO LU diatiescicceutcrs ater caerts 401'),. Breeman,. Geow Ry. ca sdk 463 
Bie Wealter sAw i cvs stblibecseovteals 565) Srey; (Emanuel jin poh cee 378 
Peanch,«\ Herbetts. ikl aiievcesadeles 633. &rey,.Samk Weel ean 461 
Panckel)) Sambi De e2hiGannae Broo). Brey, Wim. Alia aa 432 
Pmckel,« Sami, Guh cA aiekeine 440. Frey, Wm: .WA..dasitiscdusiicen 536 
Penfrocic,)) Aaron 7 tidcasumees ALS. Kriday,).Fred.) W.. ...0:, 44a 528 
Pie). JAS) Rata. S.cedecnebibaitins SPS AEAUAY ss 1 ACOD. . ccoasecodnsica vor Uakedeslbias 415 
Fem; Rewbert. Av dicicsscsinelbeersiate O97)" erratsch,).Geos) Wa ecusiees lee. 461 
Finkbinder, John W. w..ccccccccccssese a2) dratze,. Chas: (A. 18. uuu halen 415 
river, icsatil,,.. Ms 44 see Mie erosion, Paul a. unide idea 548 
Fischer, August H. F. ou... 208 Sty Edward Ne i822 ee 563 
FEAR CRIE Ty ht LE ecassetesetoeie clessemnceey SIDS BN GOOLE AL Mi cecthccslve Sceodeaitts ides 554 
Ree eT VV IIL. Me ee ec, GEE AREY) 1) ACO DI esd cbasscrseedasnatemteibebtonmesbe 405 
Peano Sas rd C!s ey SBI dry) Witt EE os eT alae 491 
Basher eC hase Ts Tepe tied saat A773) \iachs, Andreas sala’. cea, 370 
Dasher, Pratik |. Poe eas da 556 Fuhrman, Arthur Asi ic. ccssse 589 
Peck, LC yrus cl il ceeded scsctle 479 =Fulper, Elmer W.. ........sccccssecsees 525 
Biecic  Hetiry Re io. cect cwade 4150) Paltz; Hermany CC... eee 477 
Pe, RON rip cast oncbesebloiou 566)". Bamie, David Moi ccculccsteeed tt 583 
BUC he WET TR scr svascedebanesccaphiens 654). Varst,)\ Martin Bla i 463 
Bleck, ;Lindley.. Ni. c...sscseccccsscces 470;). tersty) Saml Baca ees 463 
Fleckenstein, Emelius J. ...........0 434 

POMEL CHR a | EA So sacsccitegsk.ncsaae Ail. Gaby)-Wrmi Je oe le 525 
Flick, Henry He ssssssssssssssssssssesss 499 — Galloway, John S. sasssssssssssssssessen 363 
Floyd, David Bu ssssssssssssssssssssssensee 452 Garland, Danl, Fe cccssssssssssssssssssee 491 
Focht, Cyrus G.  sssssssssssssssssssssees AS? | ‘Garman Geom Ss) oe ees 569 
Focht, David He ssssssssssssssessesseees 401 Garnes, Herbert sssssccssssssssssssssseee 557 
PARR AINL EB aaron achtnesnenoncecasesbupah 456 Garnes, Robt. E.  cssscsscsssssscssssssee 574 
Fortenbaugh, Robt. By ssesssssssse. 569 Garrett, Wouter Vo ssccsscsssssssssee 576 
Forthmian, JOHN wsssssssssssssessseeesssses 408". Garver! Dathic. 404 
Fortney, Geo. Wa. -csssssssssesosssseees AAD” Gaver,’ John cel ew ties 375 
BES CAM GUZo haps ces chsslacgnncssesatens 446 Gaver, Martin Di ccccsssssscssssssssses 469 
MPM IE AES Los. | scvssrsievcccsevsesenensnss’ 589 Gearhart, Robt. He cccsssccsssssscsseee 563 
BRIM E OTEB oi. nose secnsenesnenissibehscneotes S43 Geesey, Fred. S. ccssccsssccssssssssesens 499 
BARI MNI CORE LENG DESAY ehesnsdevvatetyssasetoozes 424 Geesey, Malvin Dy cussssssssssssssessoene 553 
204" bee WER dS SONA Rasa epee Sane Te A24’ Geiver!' Chas?! De acc as 584 
Francis, Jacob M. eresssssssssesssesen 491 Geiser, Dixon Hy cscssssssssssssssssen 495 
Francis, Saml. A. Ky ssssssssssees 434 — Gelwicks, Sam. c..cceccsssssssssssesesssses 368 
URUCe NGAS AD). SSS, scasahadvonpoadeibag 582 Gentzler, Josaver W. cscssssecssssses 548 
MRP yh SODIE. | Es. ch bvvssarasntoneeostsnsiee 909°) Georgi, Carl) Ge tcc tiluenden 557 
ROOD LW OOo Ws cdesccddblceneurcblastan ASZ.. Gephart,é Calvin} Five 491 


599 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Gerard) Bath Abi j-tccccteodthoseancaee 589 
Gerhardt, Leonard  o.........ccccsccseeee 376 
Gerhart; pW tien ich &scccdesedts concise 389 
GrErMam,.aW.M,., sissasecovouddbtotenssteeecd 366 
Gerstiiyer,,..Harry Lo wate 540 
Cette: Wins s, Gre. cssoectbeeattlaniccnceys 466 
RSC tH ys 2 GOO. Ac y, Sevcchektcos ele ilawncs 504 
Getzendaner, Mark A. ou... 572 
51687, os ELON Ty.) oseteccrtede cust Ol a beeps 427 
CHE POSTON Uw sjokcasstas cedar bieacces tae 509 
Gilbert, Addison D.  .........ccecccccses 536 
Gilbert,.. David. My ac...aeec.. a 415 
Gladfelter,, Paty no tek. 549 
Gradbilh eilohn indy ii. ttsatckes 444 
Glanding, Wm. M. B. wu... 466 
Ghrage oA iced | Rujcici cc. potssrtsdeiee 466 
Goedeke, Harry  .....cccccccsssccseecees 576 
Goertner, Nicholas W. ...........00 372 
Goettman, John Gy. ......ccscccscceseese 422 
Goetz, sLeander, i 2a nea 291 
Good, Morris Fic cack ee 499 
CEI ts VV ATI: bah ss itencvncel las ccbeagth tes ake 540 
Gottwald, .Danl..: ..)atbea se 367 
Gotwald,. Geo... De \i...te.sssiebetsocees 474 
Gotwald UA es ree. re 416 
Gotwald, Luther A. ........sesseceee 580 
Gotwald,s Wash. Vn siccKocacecescss 427 
Graeher): Dlenry vies Xiucicte.-ekests 366 
Gridete -lohni iB. ceiiieen. fu 566 
Cerne th, POU 5 Ls, | sicettersh cob apersvones 390 
Ware tt Pitty. iain. osc ackcbsactlesdseace 442 
Cr TAT T REMY oe As cn ge tiand ome PN, Dike es 411 
Graichens Johtt (G. ded telcos 472 
Gteaver: Wane Be iceciteshetiedan 404 
Greever, John 37, skh eehee 379 
Greiss, Geo. As ticnecstpsGhaioenscssen 525 
Greést: ralph ) Roc ft 593 
Gerthth. Jos. G. sek ee. 436 
Griines John ‘Cw ae ee ee 513 
Gramm, Karl 7 se ee 509 
Grom. Johnson Rosie 424 
Groh, Abraham \H, 2...kc20s.. 425 
Groh, Leonard Fe cio i da scccscccose 427 
Gross, Luther (Wi akeies. clk 540 


600 


Grossman; ‘Fritz ..:.acbeniGl ake 594 
Grossman, Henry Cy. cicccccclstscssss 437 
Grove, Elwood M. c.sccccccccoscsscesese 581 
Gitibb, Joel Fe. iil, ccsnctiaseoa eocestdas 551 
Griiber,,, Chas: : 1.2.0).0. sce ees 574 
Griver,. Chas, Bi. seus Bie 452 
Gruver,.,John .P! <3.:.. bP 570 
Gruver, Oscar. Ho Chea ee 499 
Guenther, : Chas, Con eer, 374 
Giiney; | Jas. )B. ue 509 
Giilck;’ Geo, KK.) 2.20; daha 589 
Gunn, Walter: JAC. ie 386 
Gass, Abraham Li. Rec ie a 422 
Gass, Jeromée™Mei sei ee 513 
Elaak Gey nRsisjeamecebdetemecaneee 559 
Taesbaert,.. John. casititacotdidas atte 370 
Hater, Davids sisccids bia . 540 
Hafer)Gleen wT .....0.cpaie sce 587 
Hater, dL uthérs-.By i. .whatercacncnl 517 
Hagedorn, Ivan H. C. 2.00.00... 581 
Fla genstein, As scccesssccssscecticescteesals 477 
T1aiNnes, |) EO, s:.ccyensathon daha 404 
Hamm,...Geo.. Ie. 4... Wuinea Le 482 
Hamsher, Mervin R. woccccscccscccose 551 
Hankey, Upton A. L. E,. «uu... 469 
Hanson, Henry. W. A, ...cccccccseee 540 
Hantel,. Ed.,..F.2 Alcea ae 456 
Hapeman,.Henry J.) ..2624.1...00 482 
Harding,..Wm... 2h kale 492 
Plarkey, Jasis MM, osu scheestisttante 394 
Harkey,,..Jas..¢5. Gat. eeeeen 439 
Harkey, Simeon. Wr soncicpceddesdecees 372 
Farner,...-lmer... WY) ...iks.0. gan 567 
Ffarman,...Aaron...S. Soe 440 
Harms,» John... E.....iccschsetieoe 551 
Harms,....Jotin, « HL... .iscsecdoselbtbetases 518 
Harpster,..John.H.. 2.2 2Gagh ee 442 
Harrah,. Clinton .B. .Aik.. neh 485 
Harris,.. Jacob..G. :i2..06kd. Bi 381 
Harrison,:... Wimt He. eee ae 391 
Hartman, Herbert Hy .01........c0000 541 
Hartman, , Jas... A, 1..aties,..ab 467 
Hartman, Jos. FF. Adi cuiua 453 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


Hartman, Wilmer A.  ........ssccc00 522 
Hashinger,.. Wim. 2, 0 sijelieccsrees 574 
THassler, John Ws .cBeseidbenccerient 409 
Hauer). .Waashn.,..C 0h cna dasctete 384 
Hauptmann,, Fred, \Jichidien.. aia: 592 
Plauser,,. Hermest Rais: 0itiddicssneccsees 567 
Ha verstick,,~ Henry \ 80.4050. 363 
Bey, Gis Ab dint ease ee 305 
EEL VidinKs a Sire, Mevdtaescdsyste teas ete 453 
PAA Ses BA ling ES inn. wlarnedactnie cet tee 546 
15 RAO El CRT MRERR EO oto ps Ro) 459 
Rays, sGlistord, Tpit ods 554 
RP ABEL IS pi Eiicis Lode idehesiptte coed ace ade 302 
Hazeltine, Rutledge W. .........00 518 
Téathcote,Chas.) We gl. 551 
MAOH SA COD : Ese si ctedesen@obsotontedt 399 
PSN AT GTM lpn cis ies osmndessvoescocaesctstnt 382 
Hedges, Shadrach A. ........sccsssses 437 
Hefelbower, Saml. G. ues 504 
Hefiner,..Wimi Cy aed. Aint 514 
eee). Johnis Hi h...c2us.. nes 570 
Wee thigts Chass. A ssiicssdevecllisatensttes 438 
ROU WW SiiinisosccnthnscincetNlideonsihons 374 
ROMA KAT it ci eniere saat tanctbceh Acasa 363 
Heilig, Theophilus  ..........ccsccssssses 423 
Heilman, Albert M. ............sccscees 495 
Heilman, Howard M. .........ssse0 482 
Heilman, iJas:, F. °4..ceeh an 536 
Heilman, Lee Mechling ............ 440 
BERTI NY + Ashe BGs cone asndecsbtbdonestatle 570 
Preindelgivyonn ) Ey, i2i.3.),...28 eas 522 
BIE MIGSIN NY De, Sh.) Lacs d,sqrktaa sets 442 
Rarisel yb eKOUCtz oi. .ccctulisetesseestee 374 
peer Anas) W.....ctetcte nahh 470 
Heisler; Martin. Livwi.:.....2ci252. 443 
Be Ob AICTE. ks. cdbitthdonagckatene 382 
Bg RE US ics LG eh vevncaseonaceteenat sage’ 495 
Hemperly, Francis H. ..........sss00 443 
epprrig tere C38. Fs, ieyssbbiticonssqttties 526 
RTE OIDE LL. iL. ay cosen'ssosedes vaconngntoat 563 
MABE IAS ot cacaesock ostubeStoueca tant 401 
oo Sah a 9 Ma ORR ot 461 
mee MUL ATE Ta Tce, | yansdece debevoncbeoks 543 
UVES Ca CAAEU I... ‘sin nadchonstyibessepresassdltik 400 


601 


Frensel i Won. F...Pic ceca. ctehed 565 
Hentz, Joona Ps joins Siete 427 
Herinan, earch, Cy. coatiieesncnlt 563» 
Herman, Stewart W. cscs 533 
Plersh,. Chas:,, F.7 2G. 406 
Fiersh)).Wan.: I ceca e eae 546 
Hershey, Clarence H.  .........ss00 579 
PlesstChasi:: Wind uelekcoas 530 
BSS 8 SW tried, Wie sidecessdtbsnatcecob ond 504 
ifesce,., GhagsiB iV. coctirc ene 559 
Hesse, Ferdinand, .......c.ccscsccsssesese 510 
Fresson,.: Andrew Ji tvuntinend 438 
Tetrick si, Warkss EL. <skSpeateaediatees 541 
baja DL TEN 11 ny Wem DAE bet MRR Pat Bee. ea 8 518 
Michtman,, Bred. A. dukid..ucs 544 
Hildebrand, Clinton F. ................ 585 
PU Loki leita carotid ecm 492 
Fill. Rewbeniy Gee cieeick ocestand 409 
Baal bn W tris Kos cuss daca cnthcbere 473 
Hilner, ). Howard (Koj cistceneccashs 581 
Hiltons Mlavits Io suateitaescts 514 
Plings, Chae ry Le eee oasis 549 
Hinman. Willis: S. °. 2h. cegeste.: 576 
Hinternesch, Aug. H. ......s..sscscees 570 
TLippe,; Le Wis cess essossscesecesseaaesnesoaee 411 
Hitchener, Stephen .........cccsssssees 536 
FACKEL ib DABTUN Liga eesaeracettes 574 
Rncker Maret ok tei corre toce 470 
BENE DT ELCLIOY ccc sieiecateenascaristssanaes 416 
Hoffheins, Emanuel ............csse00 379 
FY Cael tog IL lhe he RINT AER OG 416 
Bhofiman,, PEs | W.. \iscissckserssnence 576 
PL OEP Maly iba, Meese. ecocsretatestak sounded 379 
Protemar/ TASES vcs tetavcchtticcdnaocnss 368 
Hofiman, JasiTas 2icdicsat eluant 533 
Hoicle John: +E... sikc.icdvkeceocestbaes 504 
Holland): Geoes;|W a .shedesesdtleseavssess 418 
Hollinger, Albert M. ........cssssee 572 
Holloway, Henry C. ou... cesses 427 
Holman; Sami, A: 4220 Rua 418 
Homrighaus, Albert. .........esece 459 
Hoover,;Christian 2y...2. ha ous 449 
Hoover, David ‘Sui...ch.ta ts 495 
THooyer,.. Francis. T../cddfsiscticccss 432 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


FIOO Ver, JESSE asics eseddeebrinegiinns 370 
Hope, .Jobi\, Cy). oh. Gael. ae 368 
Hoppe; Carli B.) Wa) Riedl pasties 406 
Horick, Paul: Jo nha hasan 579 
Horine,+ Mallon} C3 )e:,. cacbisceccennser 428 
Hoshour) Edward: El. iecos..ite 482 
Houseman, John Hy on. eessssees 449 
Boxart Feénry:) ce saad 407 
BR 55) aS /SAL Si, gonsesc nonstate ssopectgnh 492 
Raber kolku pte 419 
Wither: Chastain ose, 510 
Maddie, .\ Johiny Ty) yee aes 514 
Huddle), Ww. Pee co 587 
Powddle.) Wir Be) ketenes 495 
Moffer, Ralph So) Cosas 581 
Brae S FOS, | I diet iuicckeopretiehietins 416 
Ever rrel rd Fel sie Me See OMOe HE nook dee 536 
Hunderdosse, W417.  ...cccccccccsceseee 386 
Hursch, «Stephen : icecceesvossicstieacss 370 
Eiyinan, | Samil, |B, ie escnieeems teil 436 
Teach: Wit) (O) mndscitishih tits 518 
Tee, edwin Boss atisaivnctactedleriee 492 
AaMCIS UGTIAS Ele Somes honatecwerctntsterage 510 
PERCU: EIAVEOY olivleschinecsectoscusanceccnrys 363 
LCOS) LLCTIEY, Len derthectacdyepectonsssas 434 
POODY 4) Deke 1) Manlil Soetdeccteavetpeneaeeescts 461 
EDIIOS FOUN Lc haseticecenetreesnastccnstnd 563 
TONANSON, | LUETESE 1) oi vscscreetecaersatens 589 
DOPIES MINAS, Ess LETS! ipteceved sees tplatevess 522 
DE aks 8 CR lg os eh Ry ae Poa A 375 
Kaempfer,® Jacob’ <...:-cncssesarccaveosens 364 
Rahler. KratieBeo s otsig aa sccanes 477 
Praia Win. 2 ise cipegeedaaones 446 
Kain. John) At icone ccureehon 413 
Rar. Aarons Foc icttt taal 391 
Mast, Aucustus’ (Jie Boi cde ontncaees 446 
Reatite.” Bes yc Kah os ccnctnesincnes 464 
Kayhoe), John Fe Bus iccdschesveosseee 474 
Mecle | Gen Fist eth BS ele 589 
meckler,: Wm, Seas eo 425 


Keedy, Cornelius Li ........secsceee 419 
Keedy, Reuben Ma. ..cccsssccssesees 425 
Reiser, : Jase Ro te ie a 380 
Beller, Chas. Fi. \)).caittecseadtasqueant 474 
Keller, Edward Levi ....cccccee 553 
Weller, ,.Fozezi, cic. iacsbeue yee 377 
Keller, Fj Ac Me Gi 380 
Keller, Jacob. Bo inescuicctaceehar 430 
Reéller, Jos. FL. 2 533 
Weller: LLC Vij ihiccencosisos tosses 398 
Keller: Didyd M35 eees 585 
Keélly,., Austin) A. 34.2 514 
Rielly, JaecFy kee eae 574 
Kelly, Wm? Lenbaitiel see 453 
Kemp, Matt: Si iil Re 518 
Kemp, Thos. Ws ,isc1dcs.cddareeceee 409 
Kendall. Jas Al idclocievciboneastae 456 
Berri J08.i Janke eee 430 
metner, Geo. Jo Mies ee 510 
Keétterman, Dan j2 con eee 567 
Ketterman, Wm. H.. ..........csccoes 443 
Rete fers) Geo. Las ccestovontmiboatieatin 560 
Billtan,. Jacobs. Misc. ts cae 519 
Kise, Alvin (AG os eke 505 
Ring)Chas. Bi exeee ee oe 477 
Ring. Waa Noe ee Piel 560 
Minsel,: DD. (Wad. sted eee 428 
Kissel. Alberti]. ‘2 teeta 449 
Kistler, Andrew} icciiicheumianes 432 
Kastier,, Jolin (..2...idA-cctbbasecsciae 449 
Kitzmeyer, John F. W. .....ee 500 
Kitzmiller, John H. A. .........s0006 432 
Hien Samli:S: Avdatale a 367 
Riline, (Marion. J. 242ach cea 514 
Klinefelter,. Fred.t) s2iea3 ee 430 
Klinger, Oscar )G., ade 485 
Kloss; Danla cic, cnkon dbceeenae 419 
Klug; Carroll ;S. siaaciel. wala 594 
Kohler; Johan i0.0h.cctd aoe 391 
Roller... Dant.: (Fee ee 375 
Koller, JessesGe) 30 a ee 436 
Koller, :Pauli Wc ic..52.. nde 519 
Koller): Wai 'C. 7 se 464 
Koons, Henry: Si: ccssciieceneatl 401 


602 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


FEOUD, With). Vinecedtaccarsanndonstescessaeneten 391 
Fraser.) David 0 5 bic agtebcchdenre - 446 
Keaser, Jacob As issisasenatbeicsngsiies 449 
Koser,. John Gy cqiesstaeaiicionsden 544 
Kaapp, Fred.) Gi ceaipeseeiliesdes 446 
Romipht) LIOvd ie.cccmstipaceacauces 391 
Knipple, Julius G. Cy. csscsccscesees 563 
Pemittle. «Jolt Et ois: condos asAbpettenceses 537 
Knubel, Fred. H. ....ccsccssssssscsesece 515 
Be Seatl ty) ) OG VV 6 + aieniak cca tececpse 530 
Roramer, | Karl” Woabtscccsmuen 541 
Poramlich,. BEN fii Hap iaissseateyserrmen 416 
Kerauth, Chas. PHIM. viessdecadetesees 308 
Krauth, Chas. Porterfield .......... 382 
BRBCEIO; | FOBT | WS * sidvcccspatnvipvavence 407 
FSaDOS A AV 10, WV bo catuauusnahetovensbe 485 
BEtD0),  ELGTEIAN, © Biches sseadhaibpoorecie 480 
Pees) MAMMAL A: Lim's ccpkanctab conune 594 
PRISE IT Se LD. sev vocesicssbyacdereebokane 541 
Krumbine, Miles H. ..........cccsseee 565 
PE RIOCMLIS. ©) FOUL |) 5 seeccdpaiesgsappyapevbegnn 419 
BRI CLGTAL ACL scedskas SigaStidloaser Were odeaeh 396 
Pe tari POaTI A ORIELIGT: seth sana gine sad aogsicvan 331 
MOSTAR A EJAY EG Wiacssdeai tidy -consehncotevivisans 434 
PONS) ROTIEY VV 0 tabipccssahdonegsvoccess 413 
eS ARO BLY icsscgnanmig psendore naan 477 
Bear VV MTU) VPA cag sscsngatense steady souans 522 
Kunkel, Christian Fy... 382 
Bagmnlkeel, . Noeinaty Wij sccqcnmnssinocsies 579 
REE RPA UI ok csoSid ssoddinsdeighyeteloo ire 416 
PRR RIATHL Dg cosselsbhecsgaabnapebeissaes 483 
TEnSS, Acar CO.  ....cccccgpensscgdeasoosonne 428 
MRCIED, PELEOYY® Ls. sseccyeensguapetorestnaen 440 
BG, SELERTy! Dy. o.ns asses scnogagcrsed-svenes 367 
Bard, G0. cesscesssessjqadecseotocseane 594 
Baitzle Wim. Gi accsccscsectesseseesses 383 
PeMott )Danl. (MM. \....jenctstbecsceansee 453 
ARIST PERON EL CLs fasssticdoucegepsecetboventey 583 
Langham, Jos. G. | ..cscsessccssressaee 537 
PRS RTIEN I TRS” conctceonseetestncsioys 522 
Larsen, Jens Py Mai in.es.c---ssecpeassee 579 
Leatt, Urviry MM. wncccscsscesssecsesorscdcneseqse 557 
Lauffer, Geo. Ne scsssccciscrssisecsceees 533 


Lawson: Sam) Bos .1)..iecatibess 386 
Dayenn rant yu. clesndsepecsenbakace 551 
Leader, Henry A. icin 510 
Leaman, J. Enfield .........ccssesseees 370 
Eppamer JESSE scl cho ucr vated ee 510 
Treads ohn Ge in ieee een ees 383 
Leatherman, Clarence G. ........... 537 
Lechleider, Alex. A. ciccsesccssseee 425 
Ese rone. Danl. | Wii akuh hake 522 
Roeser, John Hut eiagee cules 450 
Behr) John Ei. L ct ead eee 585 
MOM ETAT TOT 50: shoeeveddepermmooreveanat 383 
sw TEN LOL BD) af a) Penede eae aad le aS 523 
Gersheg ys Wiis’ bo) Se eae 485 
Pistons) Geos eu tee ae bet 370 
Dwatzell. ‘Chas. W's 515 
Lemcke, Hans J. H. ............ccc00 428 
Peentz. Tratpha, Monsen nui 467 
heonard. Chag. al c as 541 
Bepley,) Christian ‘ces ane 379 
Teerch. Tour) For ae aa aes 459 
Besher, > Teland \\Hy aot cs 583 
Lesher, Maurice E. .......ssssscsersee 592 
Lesher, Saml, Mo ‘aukoke Gieccit 511 
Lewars.) Wim.) Fis wee 464 
Liebegott; Chas. i rae. cei. 567 
Bally, Aaron’ (W,  stosesecetenteses 401 
Bally. Walter iia. ‘Ssualcusckennctes 446 
Band: Ralph Wi creeeemoaltien 587 
Bae FOG: AAs. nchonsvennshictcier coated 392 
Dane. Luther : Gi" sa iicks---sccrmarreces 440 
Bittle Johir: Fi. Fo wiekatevreortnsse 587 
Layers,’ Ralph’ Wy ‘tisget-ateaniese 549 
Livingston, Paali Yiraicciews 570 
Livingston, Peter ......crsscscoccessere 477 
Breer. FAS. cossecnscckeoteonstanteteesst one 384 
Bidgan: Wink Acnachet nase 563 
Bahr," Teather io. v yudche wunctavaee 496 
Pang Ada scat ntsnopsebarsonieets 411 
Trane Gen, AL. shi cwoptyeans 414 
Longanecker, Abram R. .........4 523 
Patz; Jase Mok va ehaint 574 
Loudenslager, Paul E. .........000 579 
Tawe. Jas, Eek dees schists 557 


603 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Lind, Simon:O) a. Zune 560 
MacDonald, Jas. “Es Wien ae 576 
MacKenzie, David L. .........e008 441 
IM aith John) 24.) 4.ch Se ae. 492 
MAG itis WW ern Es hc cc evhackesctvsnevece 486 
Manges, Edmittid® 8. an aa 444 
Manges, Edmund L, .....eesccsssccses 557 
Manges.) Lewis Go wae 528 
Manifold,:. John: Hota. 496 
Manken,: Hentiy eit). 537 
Mann), Cather: 7A, ee eee a 425 
Matin). Wailbute Gena ao. 547 
Markley, SMa Leeann 567 
DIAC ward, sy O86 i hic. ee ey 511 
Ocartin FP Chasicsis sunken eae 374 
Afartin, |. David iS. \S...RUgi iene 544 
Martinis, (Alfred :*...d00.3aksae 444 
Martz, Geor iek tein ene 396 
Maurer, Jacob. EH. ) Ue 471 
Maxwell, DavidisBe a... 581 
McAtee;- Johin:.Qy acca Bis eek 425 
McCarriey,, Guy 4H. Wate ee 564 
MeéCarney, John. GW coeutii.ake 541 
McCauley, Ernest R. ........cccccceee 511 
MeéCauley,. John “W 00886. acta 533 
MeCauley;-V.ictor | .4i... Rios 526 
McChesney, Wim. R. oc... eeee 384 
McConnell, Chambers L. ............ 467 
DECC LOM, FO wesciteiies th eeoelnercecant 380 
McCutcheon, Wm. R. ou... 459 
McDaniel, :Chas. id. fa...Q02.:...08 478 
McDermad, John A. ......cceccccesenee 488 
McDowell, Dank. J. w.ccccssccsseeees 496 
McGaughey, Jas. Cy o....cscssceceees 492 
MoGill). "Harry: “Laie 500 
McHenry, Solomon ........ccsceseee 398 
McKnight, Harvey W. ...........0 436 
MeéLaughtin,:. Alex. 3c. one 430 
MéLinn,: Milton iB. -on.Qe4. kt 483 
McSherry, Geo. W.. ..ccccccccesccceees 471 
McSherry, Hubert L. ............0 575 
Meals,.\Wm. Lj) bck 558 
Meisenhelder, Robt. Ly ........:00060 526 


Melchor, Oliver H.. .............. woe 461 
ECINOPTL. © Get. he aiicocdtekaateaerets 594 
COIN WW Ett, re.) Snoccasscagrsrermictents 368 
WET DIit?, “ET, yc, cmctocrskrasaeckamend 407 
Bert, Walter a reccidkectngaar ene 589 
Metzver, JOM, Aa cack aesedee 471 
Metzeéer, “FOr Ly. cccptccscasapleceseres 474 
Metzger "With 9. (La) wuccauteutee 456 
Weetzier, Felder yy cgi enc ats 450 
Neyer OR TEG, W « cceeriecaementeraneet 526 
Meyet, JOUN bie ccc sacecceeete 534 
Millar “Gene Wi eae eee 534 
Waller CACatis uctcietccteccnenpened 500 
Miller" CHES. a. scaeeecccttaeituree 483 
MillePe Chasen? ccscparcecteeeue 564 
OCT pyle WE Tr) Mego i bh eg edie Mowe 373 
Millet, TCO aL Cr. seetecesracatemersos 483 
Miller, FCGai iid (ycccscccognancoarsernsuatars 402 
TET FACOL ic edecincattarctes tau 400 
Miller, Je ‘Clemens ro... cccosesceossose 402 
DIET, ATU che, sjsetincatoaemeyns 585 
Watley Fl arinay obs cua csaceose atone 581 
Miller, Henderson N. .......cccccesees 505 
Millet, F000. 1 veccahc scenes 417 
Mitller, Jor W's oN eccctespaeestgenn te 395 
BWC pupae Dee had Geena in peertace eb. co 523 
Rarer, “Manion 9S. o..casseuaee 575 
Miller, Raymond C.. .........sccscesees 589 
TITEL RODE) 3). taccacanerpseaceseaaer eas 581 
Teter, COAITT 1. eeevtrnusneadstieaneenle 528 
Billets. SiMe te aerrescakene eee 486 
TTT yt V NCEE: cect enckaitass ietemanineee 419 
Maer PWV ee hy or cdcececectente ane 537 
1.0L os gel vs nig 5 Shahid Al 9 oA 537 
Minnich: Wit. G. .ccaceeees 500 
Miura, Inoke 2c eS 585 
Mock: Robte Er eet scsscbaaes 575 
Meering Wr. bos cherctedemens 364 
Mogel.. Chas Te ra eee 591 
Morecraft/-FRid.l "2, fn eeeee 592 
Morris: Jone Gi" Ae 364 
Mortensen, Ludwig Cy. ues 587 
Moser Danlsn Ho GS te cents 366 
Moser, Dati Mi 222. cidivececessceuss 450 


604 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


Moser, | Irvin’ Oo. St ceideakcied 526 
Moser, Warren 2AS si2ivid..062 542 
Mottern, Richard W. .......ccccccccses 519 
Muckle, John Lv) %.ci63 ed 414 
Mmeller, Washn.. ...5..asil...da! 372 
Mullen, Albert O. c..cccccsesssccsscsses 505 
Mullen, Philip H. R. wesc. 542 
Momford) Fd C..<% sagen 547 
Mampet, ‘Jacoh Hetdiisehaces 590 
Musselman, Jos. Hyich.edtlwc 534 
Myers, Linden, Fi \M. * scscsacc 515 
Premele)* Carlisi Rota d ee 590 
Pratlle. Jobin soi coc Bacaucbtiok ccs 380 
pens Alford: Ri to oe gt 591 
Neal. Clarence (As. i5.. jcccsiedescues 585 
LCA S Ye ana ae ae mae in ¥ AROS ed, 20 384 
oth UROL EES Ta {RROD eae ie: Re 437 
Nergararian, Garabed  ....ssssse 478 
Neudewitz, Eugene E. ccc 515 
Newcomer, Harry Duc) ist... diiat 523 
Pare We re ie ae 544 
Biel Geo. Wes ooo hissitocctiocs 544 
Bvichiolase J. Crayton svescl oovcbscest 519 
DitGl ass Paco Bs. < sssisesssbebescocttecss 496 
Micholas. Jacob’. R.ircsssisssiecseccessceos 570 
Prenalas) Satal. EE eds. cutisics 500 
Maeholas. | Wm. Hiscssdicicdieseasste 511 
SIM Cs a 474 
Pe WP BES). , Sgtih aca cared 488 
Nitterrauer, Cornelius ............00. 404 
Paxdort, Geos A. i..sesssostcbeace 394 
Merah ® Avert! GY. sec sonhsacadSesiast 544 
Pimite ATV ELS) Wi A. |. scscsencocacs 571 
RITA OTA" AA 4s Fe 545 
Oberholtzer, Horace M. ............. 469 
Oberholtzer, Walter S. ........c000 516 
od ES 22) Re oe PR 365 
Cemeory eanerts Fo. i. ith, aes 567 
ewald, .lonathan .ié...200,)2.48 365 
itwald) Satal.* sacl... tt 370 
Ciewald. Solomon, ..,..:..dccilbisecdetee 373 
RSD Es CR, GRAM tee ee aaa ini DeD 


Ottman,’-Emery: As b..6idaubnns 505 
Bayne Dank (Ali eal ew 375 
Baimet Samii So. fig aa eat 447 
Parker, | Geo.s Gi. es ae 554 
Parker:."Lheo.) Go id, cies at 526 
Batre Amos (A) 3 hctd cee ue 488 
Searson Gea. a ie ee ae 389 
arson. | Wm, Ee ews ore 439 
Parsons, }- Elmer (Ey cis f: ccs 516 
Bassavant: Wm; Av ped yuatt a 385 
Ratterson Robt). Bo isto ict 505 
Patterson, Richard S. .c..cescsssseee 496 
ee Formesty To. 5 gered a) 571 
mreerys Pettit. Bec tk! A ae Yo 501 
(a NRE Me CRD 8 Baits IR EN Ae 591 
Beschau. Ferd Wan Ks cfecccscn 450 
Peterman, Robt. , Bas \iit...cscsssobe. 560 
Peters) Wai Hit tees td 579 
Bhahler.|: Matt) Mike ea ehcp: 392 
Péatteicher,: Philip) oy 2200. ay 420 
Bron Jonni Gs Me ee 426 
Phsllippig Alex 123. .ccasee Bh ncaa 420 
Phillipy,, Norman. Gwashiuedi.nides 560 
Rive. Gratis Mio. Meee Se 402 
Piper, Pdward® A: .2..ccpsasiaheons 585 
Hittengver Sami. 2) J; se cut, 530 
BUG ROM Ce COO eae ek 400 
Poffenbarger, Reese S. ........csssseee 545 
Poffinberger, John W. ...1.......000 450 
Poffinberger, Martin L. ou... 471 
Rohiman. Atost s.. tandite udede 506 
Pawell) Samlit Tilia dat teatesad 483 
mechard hos, Cy cana t clans 435 
Brobst; |. Geos, Gi ois sil ccsccttoans 412 
Probst, John. iB wesatd.csibaeiey 404 
Brpbst, J uther. K.  siassbtcatve 461 
Rencasco: Chas.) Foo) en se 594 
Putman) Dwight: Fy fo. ekki 586 
OFA, (y Bratil Viet. xotetaereerceths eats 575 
RORY 9 POURED i hadscessounensodse Uobesstieahoonl 398 
Rally a Vine i Beco 392 
masmussen,..Carl (Co i evil 8 568 


605 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Rathi! Jacob Biiy aievsancobetanatend 420 
Rearick, sPacod. Mid saicecesvauantees 488 
Reve Fen ryt ycaviesoineaselotesnsaie 405 
Reédcay;,\ Mark -Si: a.cungace 591 
Redcayy WW tiie Tis ncistsvothlneedscghs 582 
Redosiy ys Waray Bay sada sddbtictetleetetete 523 
Reet, \iGredie: Hhny ssn cee eet ns 501 
Ree sey. Chrassti'sysisiecsccesieueselatesentacets 372 
Regint, Lawrence’ thle nc: 588 
Rehmeyer, Louis H. ou... sesseesees 577 
Reiff), Flereratas accuses eodtecsectees 428 
Reighard) doh foi one i esices 493 
Reimer, Wm. H. W.. ue. 545 
Reinewald,)))CHasys itseccssscesocsecsee 483 
BRPiggh, LOS essay ita conteavettsnccte 534 
Reller, sdderman: Co) sidecases 501 
Remensnyder, Junius B. .......... 433 
Remsberg, Wilson Li ...cssssseee 456 
Renninger,: Josiah S. \..cc...écccsecsece 426 
Renshaw) Was Ay”? ..cceeessecestonsose 396 
Peritee/ Wire Hy cons cheostts es anituacsertes 464 
Reynolds, Wom. Mir cicccgecc ik 367 
Rhoads, Henry (Sy nin ieae 542 
Rhady,. Stephen’) Aisne 383 
Rie yr: lay Bred cpsscegscndaccaceptberttnces 566 
Rice) later i Fini .e- AMG. as 564 
Riced +, Jobin Mia ices ati sntectodeses 426 
Richards Jasuyo ds: pascsincnmesetecee 530 
Richard. ow KWo Su ane 325 
Richard, Marion G.  w..escscccsessses 523 
Richard, “Ralph (Ro '.aiiwectiats 568 
Richards, Matt.» TH.) iia 432 
Richardson, Arthur F. ......0... 483 
Retker; + Chasis) 400 a 583 
Riethmiller, Walter L. .............00 571 
Rightmeyer, Peter M. ..........c00 389 
Rinard,» Herbert Aj \}suc..ads 547 
BS Oh] ASe)4 Pradsodsent ip beossnbieaenerietee 372 
Ringe Want Rok nba scale 591 
Bestia) (cline ise ates 506 
Rae Reeti te sel ales orttsabtieecnnts 571 
Ritz: Solomon | ss .ctnseeorewed 373 
Rizes, Lawrence: i: cee 395 
FIZ CL ys FOOL sosicaeccbatche nnepabidecksiae 368 


Robb,. Jorias Kiso Aa 558 
Roberts, Clifford S. .....scccccscsesses 572 
Robinson, Felix G. w..cscccccsssssceseee 588 
Rebinson,. Ralph :C....402uaan 591 
Roedel, i: Wim.) Dui au aCe dae 400 
Roehner, Henry Cy. ccscsccssccsscorece 534 
Roland... Ernest Vs wcihtcoseces 555 
Rose, Henty-Cy.-..ccclostevascesreaen 545 
Rosenberg, Ludwig. ........sscsecseeee 516 
Rosenmiller, David P. ..........00 365 
Roseénstengel,. Wim. ...ccccccsessesssseeee 462 
Rost): Lawrence csccconluanias 580 
Roth; Geo wet. ce lees 402 
Roth, Giver+Gususidi. Scan 467 
Rothrock, Sams) aie 368 
Rowe, -Adam +B, i. 22eeR ees 447 
Rowe, Geo. Ws icaistdnitetercd tienen 501 
Royér, «Ged. cA c:>cicsccncctecsncttssenealit 493 
Ruby; Ed. Chae. eee 545 
Rede, -Anders ‘Re alae 385 
Rudisill, Andrew J. ...cscssscsceeceee 516 
Rudisill, Benton Fi wc. cesesseesees 571 
Reidisill, \BarkaS..: glacustessvenvicees 568 
Rudisill,. Jacob. Ba ccc. aseateteae 577 
Rudisill;-Martin’ TL. “eae 545 
Rudisill, Stewart H.  ...c.ecscccsecese 568 
Rudolph, Ralph R. ....sccsescerees 560 


Rueter, Adelbert ......sccccccsscceseeeeere 406 
Rupley;,. Geo. Av 2.0 c.sake BG 
Rupley,» John. By» ceili tesa Ore 
Rupp, John: CUR. “uae 
Rupp. Ulvsses S. G. ccccccscconsseccee 501 


Rutherford, Wm. Ly wu..eessececees 497 
Sadtier, John -P.'By 22h24288 392 
Sahm, «Peter: s..:iisstiseqrensrereneoua 371 
Saltzgiver, Willard E. ou... 568 
Sammel, «Writs. Wty) +502... eee 577 
Sand, «Faced ibisccpovetsss abe eereucanaen 385 
Sanders,. Chas.eF. autistic 512 
Sandt, Chas... Af. scene 480 
Santt),,, Wilhelm |. .:.icelcn.. came 519 
Sanner,... Dank ..\....aiieaaeoae 420 
Sarver; J OURHAM \.pecstconslnaaee 431 


606 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


Sauerwein, Peter G. ....ccccsccsesee 392 
Sale Parry Dc... ees 583 
Serytord, Sam,” ..ainmotdegsns 372 
Geraar): Chas, OQ.) ooh) ee 526 
Sthaefer, Chas. Fo ace 315 
Scneetier, Chas, Wi sl Bue 377 
Schafer Adam.~........cckusiuuenis 478 
Sohantz, “Elmer Fo yet 512 
Schantz, Frank: J.) Puiu 412 
Soneffer, Geo.) Fas comes oak 568 
Stheide, Geo. We ‘siscscisicccldscssasiee 402 
Sonerer.. Jacob (ch asihetecesaas 386 
Scherer, John J., Jr. ...ccccsssovece 542 
Sonerer. Luther <P. icc vee 475 
Scherer, (SIMEON. riiacccaddeesssddecconns 396 
Scherer, Wilberforce, J. D. ...... 488 
Schierenbeck,’ J... HH. Cri) .steesieei 409 
Schillinger, Geo. W.  seccccossessess 580 
erm DT, 1. DAATCK |S. catteteccsdferelleceday 428 
YO UE Peer gta beg ae ie Sealey Ey Ope a 426 
Sonate Vv Bengs. Wee iss cossseedssesses 407 
Sree LL WA ILETS "2k, 4 cbse dante ctrncasewnces 489 
SHO TON 3 Fa Se VV « nedsvesspoababes 402 
PSC EEE, hops cnswah tose Pass eoeses 423 
Sebmdtsi henry: Ts ois icn 303 
Schmidt: sob) Hi: .deaasdccsiesncs 423 
She yProsk lac feo an 6 RUN (IS re Ba 395 
Schmucker, Geo. ...ccccrsssesssesccseses 373 
Schmucker, Geo. W. S. crccesseee 423 
Schmucker, Martin L. ...........00 478 
Schmucker, Saml. M. ..........000 386 
Schmucker, Saml. S.  ........secs000 106 
RCMMELES Gs CORI & E91 Ricard ca ocvasnoservehnesen 478 
Schnurrer, Otto K. W. .....cs00 417 
Schoemperlen, Geo. H. ........... 443 
OST RER TC BaIOSy Bee 373 
SMT PII, Li. css stsatdcassces saotetns 583 
Schreckheis, J. M.  ..ccccccssscossoeeee 412 
SIRE ADEE. (Sy. cncticsciceteccstecd 501 
Schultze, Augustus H. «sess 402 
RPE S UA BIAS asin scceenstboseseedon sbbed 385 
eemrart e600 Pi iccddsdees. paces 590 
MEOMPL EDO LONTD, | nscnpecnnmnnoesskessotisenc’ 409 
SotwartZ, John. W..  ncccssvosossessesees 420 


Scott Wi Do Be ec isaeodidecns 471 
See LA Tr RRR RB Bp a HR 366 
Seabrook, Wm) Do... ake 493 
See CEN ACOIS | sutsscust bien ereeentera 375 
Seebach)' Julius? Fy) ce 519 
mer bert, ohn: Pe se 497 
peice), | Win Ca ose er $44 
ETEET Cy LED L Yor «, tesvclatrenreceilainoneae 411 
eater (se. FE.) th cccthescasecaanae 588 
Seligman, Wome Mi iicceiscsccsestes 558 
POPPE SAL) Ta a atccasdeveccabacaontescnteca oe 402 
Ue OR 9 IRL 8 a Aig eu a No 414 
Seat es € lets Ass nie en dg 592 
Settlemeyer, Wm. H.. .............0 438 
Seavtinian. | SOLOMON: isis coelesets 381 
Ser. | LIAVIAG Lis accvelasceeness med 571 
Shaner) Braden) Beek 486 
ROPIT DR ELCTIEW | Lisetohetianiaivarerst cans 464 
Pricer HY Pia h) Sonee ee te os 549 
Sharp, “Menno, 5: iesideweticstcne 546 
Garretts, (cid Are ee ee, casas 406 
Sharretts,: Nicholagy) ciesitn.c: 366 
Stanek: Chas.) skew aise ck 573 
Shailis: Sant Aw i vee 502 
Shawls: Samls S27 watt 588 
Shearer, Thos.) Fs 22 cu ok 558 
Sheéeder, Philip oc non 398 
Sheeleigh, Matthias .....ssscscsnsee 405 
Shetlers: DanliAis tarsus ack 467 
Bhettel\ Pauls Oud. enki te 582 
Sialic te Chas, Ac secede eetoceveath 568 
Siimer Brank Tors. iiie tives 594 
Shimer, Herbert D. ..:.......ccssccses 527 
‘Siridel, Alter VV.) G.caaneeboecd 464 
Shinde | Henry’ Cay aitdecauae 431 
Shindler, Chas. Niassa 564 
Shindler, Raymond  ........scsccseeee 583 
Sfinmar: Wot A. iaeieese ete 462 
Ritirey Jobo Di Pit 420 
SWocis \ lasin Le. cae anteesaie 385 
Siiranéer Albert Rae Acca ee 469 
Siiriver,"| Pearl OP i pats to 528 
Shumaker, Stella B. ..........sscseee 588 
Sieher: Tohn TiAl Citation 538 


607 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Sieber, Lemuel Ly wuc.ceccccssceses 454 
Siéboldé Chass, 4k lan san Le 590 
Sievart, We. Ro 4...c i. eae 588 
siékery: John. Hw Bh ce 423 
Simoleit,-Hans- Oo Back 592 
Simon, Garl Reni ksi 591 
Simon, Walter V.) ....ccccccccsscssssssee 594 
Simonton, Chester S.  coccsseseee 577 
Singmaster, + Js Ae kad Wh cescaes 330 
slater; “Sam... Ghee ees 484 
Slaybaugh;* ‘Geos “Henn 451 
lifer, Geore Wwe haw kindha... 580 
lifer. Wine yen eka ga Rcck sien 506 
loop; Henry SB. (B10 ce ee 506 
Smeltzer, “Josiah (Plo. week 398 
rath, 8 David exciccstkiitcscscesssoes 379 
Simith Prank iy Sa ak 572 
Smith“Henry) Rec. 529 
Smith Jacob? Ly: acudh eb satececcl 433 
Smith; Mervin E. “%..200ae eae 561 
Smithy 6G. 4B ski tek tlt. ee 462 
Smith? -Saml.t Reo eige Ae 564 
mmith, "Wire vE, Ae eee 375 
Smiyser,: Martin! Me, .c08:0.2822 538 
Snyder, Edgar Bi ..2Hka kis 561 
StiyderysGeos Fs nb clik deeccetelks 506 
Snyder Harry: Gis Baan. 489 
Snyder, Henry W. .rcceccscccscsecees 553 
Snyder, Jeremiah M.  ........ccc00 459 
Sry dere Jos sAle cca ecscceteee 417 
Snyder; “outher’ Tt... dads 502 
Snyder! Saml teu Sea. Lae 561 
Snyders" Simion is 12 hae 561 
Sommer, Wm. M. K, ......cccccceee 426 
Sondhaus,;:Martin® .2.0niikan 389 
Ore Chase ail, ies cee eek ietoes 464 
Sorrick, Raymond Cy wuss 590 
Spangler, Henry R. wees 555 
Spangler, Jacob M.. .....cecccscsseees 591 
Spangler, John :As! sciientelliosedlee 580 
Spatigler;>-Folm + Fs. cca eee 577 
Spangler, Walter D. ...........c008 569 
Spangler, Wm. M.  .u..csscessecsss 456 
Spayde, Webster Cy ....ccccsssscees 527 


Spieker, Geo. Piva tani ae 433 
Sprecher, Samal oivsiicsacerdudecseddorcs 374 
Springer; - Francis... enced 371 
Stahl; } Wit Bc. ..Actccabecabeyercossetes 429 
Stahler, «Wiis «Es. Aue 473 
Stahlman; Chas. 2. eon ie 592 
Stair, Reuben ‘vacadniaumiaeue 484 
Staley,.Preds-W o4.cntestescsas cates 457 
btall, Sylvanus 21): 2 ere 454 
Stamets, -Amos'.M."\ 2022. 322 534 
Stamm, “Raymond -Ty daa 586 
Startzman;> Christian .c42...8e8 375 
Stauffer, Howard. A.7o3 See 558 
Stauffer..Saml. 5. aGieassee 438 
Stecle nA Rat panel geen 478 
Steck, Ghasit Tax aean te 421 
Stéckj- «Danls 408k nck.serbnlntae 394 
Steck, Wim. ih... Ais. eee 489 
Steck (Wa. «H.-L ae 434 
Stein, Curvine Fy. cand. nee 564 
Steinhauer, Arthur H. ............0 558 
Steinhauer, Chas. EB. Oni iced 421 
Btermety JOS... Fe i 2endecckagee 569 
Stérnat, Fred: €; : Jann cee 549 
Sternat;> Henry. W. sna. 586 
Stenber) Fred. ji00-cee ee ee 591 
Stiles,...Austia.,.B. UE eee 594 
Stine, Milton’ H.....21s.d. cae 464 
Stine, :-Ralph)-E.5....desl.. ee 582 
Stock, :Ghas. ..Mo sen nd... cei 460 
Stock, (Danl. 26... ee 421 
Stocly Harry Bo; Gaic..ceeee 516 
Stockslager, Philip T. E. ........ 529 
Stoever,:-Ghas.! Fj cet 377 
Stoner, Jacobi Riis wiles 542 
Stonesifer, Wade E. ........cccccsese 582 
Stork» Gi Aicas.cti aie 322 
Stork, - Theophilus” :...2...h20cc 377 
Straw,» Jacob, Hy, \...cistietscsccsnscqteatee 535 
Streamer,:Chas. Rriasnihasaeee 527 
Strock, Jahr! Rui: sccicsitecthepabenaiae 552 
Struntz, Gustavus A. ......eccesseees 423 
Stump, iA dain :.-,scsscsceiaeeteceeheeen 467 
stup; Adam s.(C., Y.acalil ee 507 


608 


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 


eitip, .Gravson 'Z. kaatuitancsaee 527 
maesserott, Beni) \C. -\ cate aiiacas 409 
Beimers, ) ACOD. s..iceidasieseescacses seed 392 
Sunday, Orie Ey dha ue 553 
Sunday. Wo. Fs gee 577 
Sutcliffe, Alfred To). ccitstidens 573 
Sxtherland, Edgar nicaebicd..p 576 
Savank «Calvin Pu: c csscdccotiescorts 552 
Swank, Newton D.  ..c.cecssssccsees 566 
Swartz. Chas,’ K. thisneiiee 507 
Sirattz, “Wm. Po dee oe 475 
BAWMONE, |) David dicccieciigstecslaceeessee 409 
Swope) Jas. Boe ae 561 
SEMI RES pid Se Lv sdnconhees-seedacheastaoes 368 
Petey Martine Lys cic Rc eek 507 
MEY TOE SoAIT SS Dc icecasslecechevcscstoots 473 
Sholan, Sama Fietoek fis 530 
homas,:.Theo)-B. 75.28:8ah... 208 497 
Thompson, Abel N. ........cscscseeee 429 
MAN ee Sas PE \ ee eS ee 531 
RTs eAITIOEINYS, “LaPacs Picts. boas natok 410 
1 TENA (el 41 er eal ae pe 5 oe le het 577 
REMeINSOD, Bs Wee | ck Skcbccecasts 454 
Tomlinson, Danl. S. A. ........... 460 
Menminsot, FOS. A... ..ivisssaeeea tek 445 
SO Ma 2s | 1 La BL 378 
SU aia ae GaP NC ML 5 eh oct Ohae a annonce 538 
Mraucets«. jordan. C.oiccceccess 489 
SE tea br Naa Wes tC nae bot PI 426 
raver, «Chester. Flo oes ccenses 457 
PRC NEO ANY TELA E10 asyseacgnnceietvonevesies 445 
MPeipley, Danls Bw. i....ccsscscshsosscn dies 486 
Trimper, Abraham A. qu... 383 
RES Rs LGN «  calvaccevouterbsnassnsede 549 
PMENEE PI OUEIOE Ap Lx .cocscocavbsibonrseosite 575 
SUMRNSES es BREAN 0d geass buses severe ccevdasosobans 594 
mrownridge, Chas.) Ris iissiete..sogace 475 
Merely, ard JE sjeciecsece-conseies 471 
PRES Dr, CAG a. Soe s eniversthakasdgeicatonces 465 
AP MA1E, GeO, He: vevesrsosecisektsaesoseget 578 
Ra MU ATL ig Mosuh anu ncu avon obi vaca dosesbocork 394 
RMT WA PEII Ns p cooeebvnceteesoebeds fospoveotece 524 


Wiery,:, Christian D,) icals-2.c ted 421 
Mlety Ware Fp ieee eae 410 
WP riche FOMTA opornteete checeaccniens 371 
Umberger, Jas, Bo ets e kee 484 
adpangst,) Frias 'y....0...ic ssn 413 
Maruh,: Jon ON; ee ele ae. 403 
Valentine, Milton ».....cs..ccccecsctenes 317 
Valentine, Milton Hy. ou... 480 
Van Ormer, Abraham B. B. .... 531 
Wenabile,..Chas.. Li 42... .bislcale pte 584 
WORE HTESSON 21001. Sete 369 
Whaare OS Witt Be si feccscagecdcetsceseerne 438 
PLS Aig WV Tia Aik th coastcctteatoacs scans 546 
Wadsworth, Wm. As crccccccccccscsced 383 
Wagner. Breds try get. bai 
Wagner, Harry.0., o.oo 552 
Warner, John cc) ear. a3 447 
Wagner, Jolin, Hise ose os 590 
Weaagner,. Paul: Se tilts 575 
Wagner, Raiph.. Lith se 582 
Wanner, Saml: salt tena 379 
Wagner, Wms Joa... cee 502 
Waldkoenig, Arthur C. ........000 586 
Waltemyer, Wm. C.. ......ccccccsssee 558 
WalterickjJocH: O23 454 
Walter; Clinton) E., (82 ese. 3 497 
AV alter. JACOD tdaasscceoo eee eectetes 378 
Walter): Isaac thea nol ee 552 
Waltz; Soloman:)S,. (22k 451 
Wampole, Jacob F. uu... sccsscsees 412 
Waring,..Luther. H. i225.cal 524 
Warners. AGAM. \.cilseeAt woes 451 
Washineton,,.:J.. Be eras. S17 
Voters Asai, Eis iiicnessssetttthcssgies 410 
Waybright, Walter E.............. 592 
Weaver, Francis He) ....1.:...eccostecs 454 
Weaver! Wm: ead aa 387 
Weber, : Henry... Hi.) 22020). as 475 
WVEDESE, ATOLL. Juvicchassesnndestivteloticecense 421 
Webner, Clarence G. ......s.cccsessees 584 
Webner, Harvey M. .....cccccsssserees 591 
Wedekind, Augustus C. .........0 396 


609 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Weibel, John and LT 378 
Weidensall, Robt. ........cecccsccsseeee 429 
Weidley, : Jot: cciusccubeiletccban 493 
Wreidley,,: Paul. Auss....kianuie 578 
Weigle,Danl,. Ei» .icklakl 555 
Weigle, Elias: D. : ase 462 
Weigle, Luther) Ay. wlan, 538 
Weikert, Sam! Asialuc. aes 451 
Weimer, David |S. ial eo ha 547 
Weise, ArthursiJinee a. 424 
Weiser, Chas. “Wi. si.iptscebesssttiaes 550 
Weiser, Reuben B.  ...c...ccccscsssees 369 
Welflewi i Forint tuititeccdstesieshdibc siconcen 405 
WVRIKAG, SOS), ulaan eitiear tn ckecstke ts 397 
Werte VAR oie age Ne ae 338 
Wenzel, Geo. A. wicccecccsseseees bate, 385 
West, Jonathan Ali.Jasatd. aks 465 
My ey Chas. G.. ule hes 367 
Wheeler, Hiram 0)... xajge.nuts 386 
Wheeler,) Wm. FE. 22. aviia ua 529 
Whetstone, Amos M. .......csccsccseeeee 429 
White: (Clifton) G.\. aeavassuae 529 
Whitmoyer, Clay S. .i..ccccscsscesees 552 
Wicker, ., Samuel. Eu... .c20ci.. esas 573 
Wickey, Norman J. Gy wc. 569 
Wieand, Henry E. eil...ctcae 497 
West,’ Charles: Br cue. bats 524 
Wile, Henry By cau tohi aas 465 
Wales, Charles) Poiucl crt toes 517 
Walk Fred. Lot oii eee ee 565 
Willard, Philin’ ci.uiserng ci. 2at 383 
Wilhams, John FR. tisk. wt 429 
Williams, Levi Ei, did. tame 387 
Williams, Johsy 20. ccciades ies 378 
Williams, Rene H. ........ccscsccssees 517 
WHT is.?* Jas ccrescisesondetsbesshate deescataed 457 
Wilox. John eRe cl ei 381 
Wilson, iGeo, Wit. ccaiiiesd.eake 441 
Windman, Ernest P. ........ccsccseeee 586 
Wingart, Jacob, (2iceeiie ae 369 
Wink: Howard Ui/1.oci eines 594 
Winkelblech, John Fy. ou... scenes 575 
Witt, Join ‘A. Ain saandiin. sek 457 
Witman, Horace M. ...cscsscccsees 524 


Witman;. Paub: Dac Goa 546 
Witmer, Ghag.! 4c..s3 cosmo 389 
Watt, Kdwards Or. sear ores 531 
Witt, - Samii). chk eae 390 
Wittich, ‘Philip 02:.3.,..fa cae 473 
Wolf, Aidtkin G.* i chil ule 489 
Wolf,.: Edmund), Je Sana 507 
Wold, Bose scJi Rea cesdesscesleoline eto 320 
Wolfs JaseinBe; Sa Ree cee 458 
Wolf, - Luther. Bs) inl abies 472 
Wolf,: Michael scat anes 417 
Wolf); Norman-S.ccLaga ae 550 
Wolf, Robt Buia ehh aee 507 
Wolf) Robtushe 270. eee 573 
Wolfe, Joba). W220 572 
Woods, Oscar <72..:0. eee 550 
Woods, : Robti Wy... [aoa 531 
Woodward, Luther E. .........scsse0 588 
Wrigcht.>Jacob JH) 2. .use 406 
Wurster, Immanuel . .........cesccsseee 403 
Varger,.. Harry, sb.4 cise 480 
Veawer,.. Geon ) Aocisechcisnaecsue 366 
Veakley,: Taylor," By iAL cen 532 
Yeaney, Norman A,  ....ccccscocssese 561 
Weiser: ;; Alfred 0... 202 Gaia 435 
Meiser,,, Noah. Fi.) coca ee 502 
Viengst, Kirby .M. ?..abisaias 586 
Yingling, 'Saml: i. aaieshaae 405 
Yoder, John. QO.) ...2gii0.... create 527 
Yost, . Hugh.. Eo ko-osgae eee 592 
Most Theos, Jick ie eee 455 
Woung, As. Le Bice .emee 379 
Woung,:. Chas.’ sake ae ee 395 
Young, Henry B. cuc. ike 588 
Young, John J. cnt eendeeat ee 458 
Vong, Leslie Koc Sees ee 565 
Young, Martini: astht) deen 460 
Younge, .Edward)/Ciecicie.. tee 375 
Vand, Roy Loi. od. eel sane 584 
Wiitzy,. JACOD:) piss sctebscddtesvectana 462 
Zhinden: Otte a es 592 
Peters las ee ee 475 


610 


GENERAL INDEX 


Fiegler, Henry i:-cdswslansoeten 387 
Ziegler; Jacob Lilac enki 376 
Atemier,:. Win. Eid iukok ecw ine 594 
Zarpmer |: J Obr Ni Shs iiss 451 
Zimmerman, Horace E. .......00 498 


Zimmerman, Jeremiah ............0. 455 
Zimmerman, Josiah ..........scsceseeeee 412 
Zimmerman, Li Me ria anias 480 
Zimmerman, Ms #0) cn aces 480 


GENERAL INDEX 


Adams Co. Acad., 99, 102ff, 143, 145. 

Adams Co., Pa., 99, 134, 144, 154, 
195, 283. 

Address of the G. S. to the Evan. 
Luth. Ch., 119. 

Agents for Gbg. Sem., 95. 

Albany, N. Y., 13, 22, 66ff, 69, 71, 
78. 

Albany Co., N. Y., 64. 

Albert, C.S., 235: 

Albert, Jacob, 55. 

Albert, L. E., 224, 226, 242. 

Alexander, Archibald, 106. 

Alexandria, Va., 105. 

Allegheny, Pa., cf. Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Allegheny Col., 144. 

Allegheny Mts., 75ff. 

Alleghany Synod, 160, 249, 277, 281. 

Alleman, Col., 205. 

Alleman, H. C., 261, 274. 

Allentown, Pa., 172, 177, 250, 258. 

Allentowner Freibothen, 159, 

Alsace, 40. 

Altoona, Pa., 234, 247. 

Alumni Assn., 137, 140, 155, 180, 182, 
219, 246, 286, 293, 295 

American Bible Soc., 107. 

American Education Soc., 135ff. 

American German H. S., 40. 

American Schools of Oriental Re- 
search, 270. 

American Tract Soc., 112. 

Amerikanischer Correspondent, 158. 


Amsterdam, 13ff, 21, 133. 
Amsterdam Church Order, 22. 
Anabaptists, 56. 

Andover Review, 233. 

Andover Sem., 73, 104, 137, 182. 

Anstadt, Henry, 294. 

Arends, G., 78. 

Arensius, Bernhard, 13. 

Artz, Wm., 102. 

Associated Ref. Ch., Gbg., Pa., 99. 

Atchison, Kan., 236. 

Athens, N. Y., 22ff, 43, 66, 68. 

Auburn Sem., 105. 

Augsburg Confession, 53, 71, 85, 94, 
101, 117ff, 123ff, 131, 166, 168ff, 
186, 192, 230, 234, 252, 264, 273. 

Australia, 132. 


Bachman, John, 59ff, 68, 84, 95. 

Baetis, Wm., 54. 

Bahl, Jesse, 57. 

Baird, Robt., 106. 

Baker, J. C., 54, 57. 

Baltimore, Md., 55, 99ff, 107, 129, 
133, 135, 139, 148, 195, 203, 216, 
223, 228; 234, 237.242; 252)°257; 
282. 

Bangor, Me., Sem., 105. 

Baptists, 158, 194, 227. 

Barnitz, Chas. A., 98, 146. 

Barren Hill, Pa., 30. 

Basel, 131, 221. 

Bassler, Gottleib, 160, 284. 


611 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Baeher, if). Laity) 220) atene 

Baugher, H. L., Sr., 144, 164, 168, 
173, 182, 209, 294. 

Baugher, Isaac, 137. 

Baum, W. M., 226. 

Bedford Co., Pa., 52, 54. 

Bell, Jos. E., 84. 

Bell, P. G., 247. 

Bengston, Andrew, 16. 

Bergmann, C. F., 59. 

Bergmann, J. E., 59. 

Berkenmeyer, W. C., 21, 24, 64, 78. 

Berlin, Ger., 130ff. 

Berringer, Col., 96. 

Bibliotheca Sacra, 233. 

Billheimer, Thos. C., 196, 245, 261. 

Bittle, D. F., 60, 221. 

Bjork, Eric, 17. 

Black, L. S., 294. 

Blood, Capt., 209. 

Blythe, J. C., 100. 

BOP Ot Uh.  Bxt 233. 

Boltzius, J. M., 24ff. 

Boston, Mass., 135, 140, 205, 268. 

Bradford Co., Pa., 81. 

Braun, A. T., 66. 

Brauns, Ernst, 61. 

Bratms,7...1: 7-158: 

Braunschweig, 158. 

Bremen, 130, 133, 221. 

Brown, J. A., 169ff, 186ff, 190ff, 
210, 215ff, 232, 234, 263, 289. 

Brunnholtz, Pastor, 32, 34. 

Bryant, W. C., 80. 

Bucher, Judge, 129. 

Buehler, Mrs. Martin, 237. 

Buehler, S. H., 134, 146ff. 

Buffalo Synod, 123, 181. 

Buford, Gen., 197, 200, 212. 

Butler, J. G., 52, 234, 240. 


Callenberg, Dr., of Hamburg, 65. 
Cameron, Simon, 204. 
Campanius, John, 15, 285. 


Campbell, T., 14. 

Canada, 11, 78, 267. 

Canonsburg, Pa., 102, 143. 

Capital U. & Sem., 164, 171, 174, 
181, 277, 283. 

Carlisle, Pa.,..52, 96, 98," 102120: 
134, 142, 146, 268. 

Carpenter, Wm., 55, 59. 

Carthage Col., 233, 263. 

Cashtown, Pa., 198. 

Catawba Co., N. C., 59. 

Catechism, cf. Luther’s Small Cat- 
echism. 

Catskill, Mts., 21. 

Cent. Miss. Soc., 114. 

Central Pa. Synod, 160, 249. 

Chambersburg, Pa., 52, 79, 98, 148, 
210. 215402315 

Charleston, S. C., 23, 25, 42, 59, 84, 
111. 

Charleston Presbytery, 23. 

Chester Co., Pa., 32: 

Chicago, Ill., 236ff. 

Chrischona, 221. 

Christ’s Church, N. Y. City, 22, 146. 

Christian Commission, 204, 210. 

Christlieb, Theo., 230. 

Ch. Ext. Soc., 114. 

Churchtown, N. Y., 66. 

Cincinnati, O., 60. 

Civil War, 99, 157, 177, 182ff, 190ff, 
254, 256. 

Clark, Champ, 212. 

Clay, Henry, 129. 

Cleveland, O., 268. 

Clinton, DeWitt, 65. 

Clutz, J. A., 260, 262ff, 271, 280. 

Colgate Univ., 105. 

Collier, Richard, 60. 

Columbia Co., N. Y., 60. 

Columbia Univ., 46ff, 62, 68. 

Columbus, O., 56, 164, 171, 174, 181, 
277. 

Columbus, Christopher, 201. 


612 


GENERAL INDEX 


Committee on Foreign Correspond- 
ence of G./S., 1127133. 

Common Service cf. Liturgics. 

Co. A, 26th Ret., P. V. M., 195ff. 

Concordia Sem., 239. 

Conference of Pastors, Ist, 22, 
Fred. Muhlenberg’s in N. Y. City, 
77. 

Confessions, Lutheran, 35, 53, 174, 
220, Pa. Min’s. rejection of, 116, 
and acceptance of, 124; N. Y. 
Min. and, 116; G. S. and, 120; re- 
newed study of, 121, 158; old and 
new Lutheranism and, 123ff. 

Congaree River, 25. 

Congregational Church, 135, 182. 

Conrad, F. W., 208, 215ff, 219, 222, 
226, 231ff, 240, 249. 

Consistories, Amsterdam, 13ff, Han- 
over, 78, London, 16. 

Constitution, Gbg. Sem., Instr. to 
Schmucker re. 96, adoption of, 
100, changes in, 263ff. 

Constitution, Model for 
114, 120. 

Constitution, U. S., 74. 

Cooper, Jas. F., 65, 80. 

Cooper, Thos., 253. 

Cooper, Wm., 65. 

Cooperstown, N. Y., 67, 69. 

Coover, M., 260, 271. 

Copenhagen, 130. 

Crelle, August, 44. 

Cumberland Valley, 77, 197. 

Curtin, A. G., 195, 203, 236. 


Synods, 


Danish West Indies, 40. 

Da Vinci, Leonardo, 257. 

Davis. Bae, 226. 

Davis, Mrs. Jefferson, 204. 

“Defense of the Free Church of N. 
A.,” by Gock, 87. 

Definite Synodical Platform, 
166ff. 


124, 


Deininger, A. G., 55. 

Delaware River, 13, 15ff, 49. 

Demme, C. R., 95, 172, 174. 

Dempwolf, J. A., 241. 

Denmark, 130, cf. 
navians. 

DeWette, W. M. L., 131. 

Dickinson Col., 98, 102, 142, 144. 

Diehl, Geo., 193. 

Dieren, Bernard von, 20. 

Diet of Worms, 118. 

Domeier, Peter W., 60. 

Dorpat, 130. 

Doubleday, Gen., 199. 

Dred Scott Decision, 193. 

Dreher, Pastor, 95. 

Dresden, 132. 

Dubourg, Bishop, 129. 

Dunbar, W. H., 242. 

Dutchess Co., N. Y., 64. 

Dutch Reformed Synod, 47. 

Dutch West India Co., 12, 14. 


also Scandi- 


Early, Gen., 199. 

Easton, Pa., 33, 65, 186. 

East Pa. Synod, 159, 169, 218ff, 
249, 267, 281. 

Ebenezer, Ga., 24, 59. 

Eichelberger, Lewis, 102. 

Eichelberger, Matthew, 241, 247. 

Emmaus Orphanage, 111. 

Emmittsburg, Md., 137, 198. 

Enders, G. W., 249. 

Endress, Christian, 52, 55, 83, 90ff, 
95, 106. 

Endress, Jacob, 52. 

England, 16, 18, 4s, 77, 104, 112. 

English Language, Ist church using, 
68; Ist hymnal and catechism, 68; 
Ist pastors, 68; official of N. Y. 
Min., 69; plan to resist at Frank- 
lin Col., 83. 

Episcopal Church, 23, 49, 78, 85ff, 
116,542], 157,. 227. 


613 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Erfurt, 19. 

Erie Canal, 76. 

Ernst, J. F., 66ff, 134. 

Evangelical Alliance, 112, 161. 

Evangelical Magazine, 283. 

Evangelical Review, 125, 163ff, 
173ff, 218, 234, 293, cf. also Luth- 
eran Quarterly. 

Evangelische Magazin, Das., 293. 

Everett, Edward, 209. 

Ewell, Gen., 198ff. 

Executors of Hartwig’s Will, 66. 

Eyer, W. J., 61. 

Eyster, David, 57. 

Eyster, Henry, 195. 

Eyster, Michael, 58. 


F. & M. Col., 51, 55, 81ff, 142, 171. 

Fabritius, Jacob, 13, 16. 

Falckner, Daniel, 18ff 

Falckner, Justus, 18ff, 64. 

Falckner’s Swamp, Pa., cf. New 
Hanover, Pa. 

Female Education Societies, 136. 

Fetter, W. Aj; 61. 

Finckel, S. D., 102. 

Fischer, M. H., 267. 

Flohr, Geo. D., 59. 

Foreign Miss. Soc., 114. 

Formula for Govt. & Disc., G. S., 
114. 

Ft. Duquesne, 194. 

Ft. Washington, 196. 

France, 116. 

Francke, A. H., 35, 39. 

Franckean Synod 72, 186, 194, 293. 

Frankfort-on-Main, 19. 

Franklin, Benj., 45, 81. 

Franklin Co., Pa., 102, 143. 

Fraternal Appeal to the Churches, 
112. 

Frederick, Md., 56ff, 86, 90ff, 93, 98, 
LIS 136193" 202: 

Frederick Co., Md., 102, 258. 


French & Indian War, 194. 

Frey Estate, 111. 

Fritz, J. H., 258, 268, 270. 
Funk & Wagnalls Co., 291. 


Gaver, John, 60. 

Galloway, John A., 102. 

Geissenhainer, A. T., 61. 

Geissenhainer, F. W., Jr., 61. 

Geissenhainer, F. W., Sr., 53, 61ff, 
69, 9Off, O5Sff. 

General Council, 61, 190, 278ff. 

General Synod, 59, 61ff, 72ff, 80, 
85ff, 90ff, 108, 112ff, 132ff, 158ff, 
166ff, 190, (217, ‘225, 230,-" 2348, 
240, 243, 259, 264, 266, 278ff. 

General Theo. Sem., 105. 

Georgetown, Md., 107. 

Georgia, 23, 26, 38, 59, 129. 

Gerardstown, Va., 93. 

German Col., cf. F. & M. Col. 

German Ref. Synod of Pa., 82, cf. 
also Ref. Ch. 

German Sem. of Chgo., 235. 

German Soc., 45ff. 

Germantown, Pa., 19, 32, 50, 52, 224. 

Germany, ),12;)15; 18, "23; 25" SL 
38, 59, 64, 77, 92, 104, 114, 121, 
123,.:130;0138)158, 161, 225: #2o6: 

Gerock, Mr., 36. 

Gettysburg Acad., 98ff. 

Gettysburg Col., 83, 100, 139ff, 
founding of, 142ff, 168ff, 182, 
194ff, 204, 206ff, 222, 229ff, 232, 
239, 245, 260ff, 263, 267, 271. 

Gettysburg Gym., cf. Gettysburg 
Col. 

Giese, Prof., 235. 

Giessendanner, J. U., 23, 25. 

Gilbert, David, 287. 

Gill, John, 129. 

Glatfelter, Amanda E., 258. 

Glatfelter, P. H., 258. 

Gloria Dei Church, 17. 


_ 614 


GENERAL INDEX 


Gock, Carl, 87, 98. 

Goering, Jacob, 52ff, 56ff. 
Goertner, J. P., 60, 134. 
Goetwasser, Pastor, 13, 15. 
Goshenhoppen, Pa., 53. 

Gottwald, 58. 

Gotwald, L. A., 227. 

Graaf, Wm., 33. 

Graber, Pastor, 95. 

Graff family of Pgh., Pa., 216, 233. 
Grant, U. S., 214. 

Grecht, Wm., 257. 

Greencastle, Pa., 134, 202. 
Greene Co., Tenn., 84. 
Greensburg, Pa., 59, 218. 
Greenwald, Emanuel, 57, 164, 186. 
Gronau, I. C., 42. 

Gross, J. B., 60. 

Guilford Co., N. C., 59, 96. 
Gustavus Adolphus, 15. 


Hackensack, N. J., 32. 

THiager, Geo., 146, 148. 

Hagerstown, Md., 53, 56, 58, 85, 93, 
97ff, 102, 130, 146, 257ff. 

Halle, 18, 24, 27, 29ff, 38, 41, 47, 
49ff, 60, cf. also Univ. of Halle. 

Hallische Nachrichten, 282. 

Hamburg, 21, 130, 133, 137. 

Hamilton Sem., cf. Colgate Univ. 

Hamilton, Wm., 82. 

Handschuh, Pastor, 34, 36. 

Hanover, Ger., 78. 

Hanover, Pa., 60, 181. 

Harkey, S. W., 226. 

Harpel, Mark, 61. 

Harrisburg, Pa., 53, 57, 87, 90, 92, 
139, 144, 186, 196ff, 203, 218, 258, 
278. 

Harry, John, 93, 96, 98. 

Hartford Sem., 105. 

Hartman, Pastor, 134. 

Hartwick Sem., 60, 78, 87, 105, 138, 
180, 277; founding of, 64ff. 


Hartwick Synod, 60, 72. 
Hartwick Township, N. Y., 65. 
Hartwig, J. C., 34, 63ff. 

Hartzell, J. T., 244. 

Harvard Univ., 62, 105, 215. 

Hashinger, W. R., 291. 

Hauer, D. J., 57, 134. 

Hauptman, Mr., 93. 

Hausihl, Pastor, 36. 

Hay, C. A., 140ff, 152,°161ff, 186, 
203, 216, 218ff, 228, 231, 234, 236ff, 
244, 270, 294. 

Hazelius, E. L., 60, 71, 138ff, 145, 
151ff, 155, 159, 172, 282, 284, 293. 

Hecht, J. P., 54, 60. 

Heilig, Danl., 102. 

Heilig, Wm., 134. 

Heilman, Mrs. H. L., 292. 

Heim, J. W., 148. 

Helmuth, J. C. H., 45, 50ff, 60ff, 
66, 71ff, 81ff, 106, 116ff, 132. 

Henkel, Ambrose, 58. 

Henkel, Andrew, 58. 

Henkel, Anthony J., 19. 

Henkel, Chas., 58. 

Henkel, David, 58. 

Henkel, D. M., 58. 

Henkel, Paul, 53, 55, 58ff, 76, 78ff, 
84. 

Henkel, Philip, 58, 84. 

Henkel, Polycarp, 58. 

Henkel, Socrates, 58. 

Herbst, J. H., 58, 93, 95ff, 98ff, 113, 
134, 142, 146ff, 237, 293ff. 

Herrnhut, 131. 

Hesse-Darmstadt, 106. 

Heth, Gen., 198. 

Heydenreich, L. W., 237. 

Heyer, C. F., 77, 148. 

Hever, Fred., 54. 

Hill, A. P., 198. 

Hodge, Chas., 106. 

Hoffman, John N., 57, 134, 169, 285. 

Hoffmeier, Pastor, 83. 


615 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Holland, 12ff, 18, 130. 

Holloway, H. C., 202. 

Holman Lecture, 234ff, 252, 293, 
298 ff. 

Holman, S. A., 234ff, 252, 293. 

Holstein, 22. 

Home Miss. Soc., 114. 

Hoover, H. D., 263. 

Hoover, Jesse, 58. 

Horn, Be iT 2235; 

Hoshour, J. K., 58. 

Hoshour, S. K., 92. 

Houpt, L. L., 189, 286. 

House of Representatives, U. S., 66. 

Howard, O. O., 199, 219. 

Huber, Eli, 271. 

Huddle, J. T., 268. 

Hudson River, 12ff, 18, 21. 

Hymnals, Ist English, 68; G. S. 
Comm. on, 113; English of 1829, 
114; new, 280. 


Illinois, 60, 75ff. 

Illinois State Univ., 181, 221, 267. 

illinois Wesleyan Univ., 263. 

Immaculate Conception, 121. 

Indiana, 75ff, 95. 

Indians, American, 15; Hartwig’s 
conn. with, 65ff; ceasing of hos- 
tilities with, 75. 

Inglesi, Abbot, 129. 

Iowa Synod, 123, 181. 

Irving, Washn., 80. 

Italy, 129. 


Jacobs, David, 102, 142ff, 209. 

Jacobs, HH. Ex; 115; 229, \358. 

Jacobs, Michael, 143, 199, 209, 229, 
253. 

Jaeger, J. C. W., 54. 

Jaeger, Nathan, 60. 

Jefferson Col., 102, 143ff. 

Jefferson Co., Va., 137. 

Jenkins, Danl., 57. 


Jenkins, Wm., 57, 95. 

Jennerstown, Pa., 252. 

Jennings, W. W., 196. 

Jesuits, 121, 159. 

Jews, missionaries for work among 
at Hamburg, 65. 

Johns, Bishop, 106. 

Joint Synod of Ohio, cf. 
Synod, old. 

Jonestown, Pa., 102. 

Juniata: Co.; Pa: 205¢. 


Ohio 


Keck, Wm., 96. 

Kehler, John, 57. 

Keil, David S., 92. 

Keiper, H. B., 257. 

Keller, Benj., 55, 57, 93, 95ff, 98, 134, 
160ff, 173, 177f£, 182, 187, 189, 294. 

Keller, Emanuel, 57. 

Keller, Ezra, 60. 

Kemper, Gen., 204. 

KXempffer, Jacob, 102. 

Kentucky, 76ff. 

Kiel, 130. 

King, Byron, 268. 

King, Charles, 17. 

King of Denmark, 130. 

King of Sweden, 15, 17, 21. 

King’s Col., cf. Columbia Univ. 

Kline, John P., 92. 

Klinefelter, Fred., 195ff. 

Knauff, J. G., 69ff. 

Knoll, M. C., 22. 

Kocherthal, Joshua, 21, 64. 

Kohler, Pastor, 134. 

Koller, J. C., 235, 289. 

Koller, W. C., 289. 

Krauth, Chas. Philip, 57, 60, 93, 95ff, 
98, 114, 126, 139ff, 145, 148, 155, 
162ff, 168, 173, 199ff, 218ff, 222, 
232, 236, 294. 

Krauth, Chas. Porterfield, 87, 126ff, 
160, 165, 173, 186, 188, 190, 216, 
229. 


616 


GENERAL INDEX 


Krauth, J. M., 196. 

Kreutzman, Mr., 148, 151. 

Krug, J. A., 58. 

Kuhlman, Luther, 252, 261ff. 

Kuhn, Danl., 33. 

Kunkel, C. A., 258. 

Kunze, J. C., 38ff, 61, 63, 66ff, 78, 
91, 116. - 

Kunze’s Minute Book, 40ff, 45. 

Kurtz, Benj., 57, 93, 95ff, 98, 129ff, 
133, 140, 159ff, 165, 167, 187ff, 
236, 277. 

Kurtz, Danl., 55. 

Kurtz, J. D., 96. 

Kurtz, J. N., 32, 34ff, 55. 

Kurtz, Wm., 32. 


Lafayette Col., 144. 

Lampbrecht, J. G., 76. 

Lancaster, O., 77. 

Lancaster, Pa., 19, 51, 53ff, 56, 68, 
81, 87, 90, 92, 106, 108, 113, 142, 
228, 257. 

Lancaster Co., Pa., 81, 134. 

Lancaster Sem., 105, 113. 

Lane Sem., 105. 

Lay Readers, Swedish, 16; Falck- 
ner’s, 21. 

Lebanon, Pa., 53, 57. 

Lebanon Co., Pa., 54, 102. 

Lebanon Valley, Pa., 19. 

Lee, R. E., 193, 195, 199, 201, 212ff. 

Leetown, Va., 137. 

Lehigh Co., Pa., 32. 

Lehmann, Pastor, 43ff. 

Leipsic, 131, 161. 

Lembke, H. H. 24, 26. 

Leps, John, 40, 43. 

Lewis, Eleanor S., 258. 

Lexington, S. C., 139, 181, 277. 

Lexington Co., S. C., 25. 

Lincoln, Abraham, 195, 205, 209. 

Lintner, Geo. A., 60, 95. 

Little, Pastor, 95. 


Littlestown, Pa., 60. 

Liturgics, 279ff. 

Livingston, Dr., 47, 73. 

Lochman, A. H., 57. 

Lochman, Dr., 216. 

Lochman, Geo., 53, 57, 90ff, 95, 106, 
116. 

Lock, Lars, 16. 

London, 16, 20, 23, 30, 47, 49, 112, 
130, 161ff. 

Looneburg, N. Y., cf. Athens, N. Y. 

Louisiana, 129. 

Louisiana Purchase, 74. 

Louisville, Ky., 269. 

Luebeck, 130. 

Lutge, Anton, 76. 

Luther, Martin, 17, 119, 134, 242. 

Lutheran, The, 184. 

Lutheran Almanac, 136. 

Lutheran Historical Society, 237, 
246, 270, 273, 285. 

Lutheran Intelligencer, 57, 129, 132, 
134, 273, 283. 

Lutheran & Missionary, The, 186ff, 
190. 

Lutheran Observer, 114, 125, 134, 
140, 152, 164ff, 179, 184, 187, 190, 
215, 228, 231ff, 273,277,279, 293. 

Lutheran Quarterly 227ff, 233ff, 279, 
293. 

Lutheran Summer Assembly, 270. 

Lutherischer Herold, 170. 


Lutheranism, American, Hartwick’s 
stand, 72; position of, 123ff; con- 
flicts of, 163ff. 

Lutheranism, Old, rise of, 121, 
163ff ; position of, 123ff. 

Lutherans, lst in America, 12; 
Dutch, 13ff; Swedish, 15; Ger- 
man, 18ff. 

Luther’s Small Catechism, 101, 164, 
273; Indian, 15ff, 285; in paro- 
chial schools, 27; in Kunze’s 

617 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


school, 43; Kunze’s English, 68; 
G. S. Com. on, 113; Schmucker’s, 
114. 

Lycoming Co., Pa., 81. 


Madison Co., Va., 59. 

Maier, Lewis, 129. 

Manhart, F. P., 235. 

Manhattan Island, 13. 

Mann, Wm. H., 212. 

Mann, W. J., 168ff, 173, 177. 

Mantz, Cyrus, 96, 98. 

Marshall, T. R., 212. 

Martin, Chas., 197. 

Martin, David, 237. 

Martinsburg, Va., 92ff, 197. 

Maryland, 38, 64, 76, 95, 98, 192ff. 

Maryland Synod, 57ff, 79, 85, 91ff, 
96, 107, 113, 136, 159, 188, 197, 
249, 258, 281. 

Massachusetts, 13. 

Mayer, F. G., 68. 

Mayer, P. F., 67, 70, 95. 

McAlisterville, Pa., 205. 

McClellan, Wm., 147. 

McFarland, Geo. F., 205. 

McFarland, J. H., 205. 

Mcllvaine, Bishop, 106. 

McKnight, H. W., 196. 

McLaughlin, Alex., 195. 

Mealy, S. D., 59. 

Mechling, Jonas, 59, 76. 

Medtart, Jacob, 57, 129. 

Melanchthon, Philip, 242. 

Melanchthon Synod, 160, 188, 197. 

Melshimer, F. V., 60, 81. 

Mennig, G. P., 57. 

Mercersburg, Pa., 83. 

Methodist Episc. Church, 56, 111, 
122, 158, 194, 227. 

Methodist Protestants, 284. 

Methodist Review, 233. 

Mexican War, 71. 

Meyerheffer, M., 57. 


Middletown, Md., 60, 92, 107, 140. 

Middletown, Pa., 111. 

Midland Col., 260. 

Miller, C. P., 54. 

Miller, F. W., 61. 

Miller, Geo. B., 60. 

Miller, H. C., 257. 

Miller, H. S., 60. 

Miller, Jacob, 53, 61. 

Miller, R. G., 78. 

Miller, Saml., 106. 

Miller, Thos. C., 146. 

Ministerium of N. Y., 60ff, 66ff, 72, 
77ff, 85, 87ff, 95, 140. 

Ministerium of Pa., 28, 32, 34ff, 38, 
42ff, 52ff, 56ff, SOff, 64, 66, 76ff, 
S1ff, 85ff, 90ff, 95ff, 106, 113, 116, 
124, 126, 133, 138, 142, 158, 160ff, 
170ff, 186ff, 215ff, 219, 240, 245. 

Missionary, The, 185. 

Mississippi, 71. 

Mississippi Valley, 75, 157. 

Missouri Synod, 123, 132, 181. 

Moeller, Heinrich, 45. 

Moeller, M. P., 257. 

Moering, Wm., 102. 

Mohammedans, missionaries 
work among at Hamburg, 65. 

Mohawk Indians, Hartwick’s conn. 
with, 65. 

Mohawk Valley, 60. 

Monroe Doctrine, 74. 

Montgomery Co., Pa., 18, 32, 153, 
161. 

Moravians, 52, 72, 131, 135, 138. 

Moravian Sem., 71ff, 104. 

Morehart, C. C., 268. 

Morris, C. A, 58, 245, 258. 

Morris, J. .G., .92; 102) 338;2152, 
155, 160ff, 168, 172, 223, 235ff, 235, 
242, 245, 282. 

Moser, Danl., 59, 

Moser, J. R., 59. 

Motley, J. L., 14. 


for 


618 


GENERAL INDEX 


Mt. Airy Sem., 56, 126, 186ff, 216, 
225, 220, 239, 278. 

Mott, J. R., 276. 

Muckenhaupt, P., 76. 

Muhlenberg, F. A., 33, 46, 66, 77. 

Muhlenberg, F. A., 168, 171. 

Muhlenberg, H. A., 54ff, 61, 68, 90, 
95, 108. 


Muhlenberg, H. E., 33, 434f, 55, 81. 


Muhlenberg, H. M., 20, 23, 25ff, 
38ff, 43, 45, 49, 54ff, 63ff, 77, 80, 
91, 110, 116ff, 122, 127, 133, 280. 

Muhlenberg, Peter, 33. 

Muhlenberg Col., 196. 

Myerhoffer, Pastor, 95. 


Nazareth, Pa., 71ff, 104, 138. 

Neander, J. A. W., 130. 

Neidig, Jacob, 255. 

Neinstedt, H. C., 273. 

New Berne, N. C., 23. 

Newberry, S. C., 181. 

Newberry Col., 192, 228. 

New Brunswick Sem., 73, 105. 

New England, 64, 135. 

New Germantown, N. J., 60, 71, 138. 

New Hanover, Pa., 18ff. 

New Holland, Pa., 19, 81. 

New Jersey, 19, 22, 32ff, 70, 72. 

New Jersey Synod, 160. 

New Market, Va., 58ff, 76, 91ff, 96, 
107ff. 

New Sweden, 15ff. 

Newton Sem., 105. 

New York, 12ff, 19ff, 24, 32, 46, 
49ff, 53, 60ff, 64ff, 70ff, 76ff, 88, 
90ff, 105, 107, 112, 116ff, 129, 135, 
153, 170. 

New York & New England Synod, 
291. 

Niemeyer, Chancellor, 131. 

Nile’s Register, 80. 

North American Review, 80. 

North Carolina, 23, 76, 78, 95, 102, 


1169-995 937; 

North Carolina Synod, 78, 80, 83ff, 
86, 96, 159. 

Norton, C. F., 187. 

Nova Scotia, 38, 46. 

Oberlin Sem., 105. 

Oehrle, Benj., 102. 

Ohio, 58, 60, 75ff, 79. 

Ohio River, 75ff. 

Ohio Synod, Old, 59, 76, 79, 85, 
88, 95, 171, 181. 

Old Swede’s Church, 17. 

Olive Branch, 185. 

Orangeburg, S. C., 23. 

Oswald, Jonathan, 102. | 

Otsego Co., N. Y., 65ff, 69, 71. 


Palatinate, 23, 40, 64. 

Palmyra, Pa., 102. 

Papal Infallibility, 121. 

Parent Education Soc., 
181. 

Passavant, Wm. A., 136, 154, 166. 

Patriotic Daughters of Lancaster, 
204. 

“Pastoral Address,” 
108: G. S., 114. 
Patterson, Gen., 195. 

Payne, D. A., 111, 293. 

Penn, Wm., 17ff. 

Pennsylvania, 18, 20, 24ff, 27ff, 38, 
50, 52, 55, 59, 64, 75ff, 78, 81, 86, 
90, 99, 116, 129, 133ff, 144, 192ff, 
211, 256. 

Penna. Bible Soc., 154, 283. 

Penna. Col., cf. Gettysburg Col. 

Penna. Legislature, 45, 100, 102, 
128, 143ff, 192. 

Penna. State S. S. Assn., 267. 

Penna. Synod, cf. Min. of Penna. 

Perry Co., Mo., 132. 

Pettigrew, Gen., 198. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 15, 17, 20, 27ff, 
33, 38, 40, 42ff, 46ff, 49ff, 53, 58, 


114, 136, 


Schmucker’s, 


619 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


64, 68ff, 79, 82, 91, 95, 99fF, 102, 
107, 126, 129, 135, 139, 155, 162, 
172, 177; 195, 231, 2572619279: 

Philadelphia Academy, 45. 

Philadelphia Seminary, cf. Mt. Airy 
Seminary. 

Pickett, Gen., 204. 

Pierce, Nicholas, 147ff. 

Pirna, 132. 

Pittsburgh, Pa., 99, 218, 268. 

Pittsburgh Synod, 160, 194, 249. 

Pohlman, H. N., 70, 161. 

Potomac River, 19, 196. 

Presbyterians, 122, 135, 156, 158, 
182, 194, 227. 

Princeton Sem., 58, 73, 88, 92, 100, 
IOS, 108,112; VASfk, 137,153, 
182. 

Providence, Pa., 19, 45. 

Prussian Union, 121, 161. 

Puritans, 13, 122. 

Purysburg, S. C., 23. 


Quitman, F. H., 60ff, 67ff, 72, 116. 
Quitman, John A., 71. 
Quitman, Wm., 68. 


Rabenhorst, Christian, 24. 

Rarig, L. G., 268. 

Reading, Pa., 54, 61, 68, 90, 169, 
186, 218, 245. 

Rebenach, J. C. 

Reck, Abraham, 60, 95, 134, 148. 

Reck, J., 95. 

Reck, John B., 92. 

Reformed Church, 13, 16, 44, 81ff, 
86, 116, 125,:129."156; 171. 

Reformed Synod of Penna., 113. 

Reily, Jas. R., 130. 

Reimensnyder, Geo., 57. 

Reinewald, Chas., 271. 

Reishi}. Fiy23; 

Revolutionary War, 22, 24, 26, 33, 
37, 39, 44ff, 49, 52, 58, 62, 74, 


77ff, 115, 195. 

Reynolds, Gen., 198, 200, 204, 212. 

Reynolds, W. M., 159, 164, 168. 

Rhine River, 20, 23, 130. 

Rhinebeck, N. Y., 60, 64, 67ff. 

Rhodes, Gen., 198. 

Rice, J. W., 234. 

Rice Lecture, 234, 299ff. 

Richard, J. W., 55, 233, 239, 260, 
270ff, 279. 

Richards, M. H., 195. 

Riga, 130. 

Ring, Lewis, 68. 

Roanoke Col., 60, 221. 

Robertson, A. T., 269. 

Rock Spring, Iil., Sem., 105. 

Roeller, J. G., 61. 

Roman Catholic Church, 121, 129, 
157, 

Rosenmiller, David, 57, 102. 

Rothacker, Dewaldt, 60. 

Rudman, Andrew, 17. 

Russia, 130. 

Rutgers Col., 107. 

Ruth, Fy J2- 47; 

Ruthrauff, Fred., 57, 93, 95, 134, 294. 

Ruthrauff, J. F., 56, 129, 134. 

Ruthrauff, John, 56. 

Ruthrauff, Jonathan, 56ff. 


Sadtler, B., 226. 

St. John’s Church, Phila., 68. 

St. Michael’s Church, Phila. 39, 
41, 44. 

St. Petersburg, 130. 

Salisbury, N. C., 59, 78. 

Salzburg exiles, 24, 59. 

Sanitary Commission, 204. 

Savannah River, 24. 

Saxe-Gotha, 64. 

Scandinavia, 12, 104, 114, 121, 130, 
158. 

Schaeffer, C. F., 56, 126, 160, 174 ff, 
186, 188ff, 210, 216ff, 219. 


620 


GENERAL INDEX 


Schaeffer, C. W., 164, 177, 182, 186. 

Schaeffer, D. F., 54, 56, 92, 98, 101, 
113, 116, 118, 134, 148. 

Schaeffer, F. C., 56, 60, 62, 92, 95, 
116. 

Schaeffer, F. D., 54, 56, 174. 

Schaeffer, F. S., 56. 

Schaum, J. H., 32. 

Scherer, Danl., 59. 

Scherer, Jacob, 59, 95, 134. 

Scheurer, Pastor, 57. 

Schmidt, Henry I., 1394, 151, 155, 
161, 164, 172, 294. 

Schmidt, Jacob, 282. 

Schmidt, J. F., 50ff, 56ff, 60ff, 82, 
116, 133. 

Schmucker, B. M., 126, 165. 

Schmucker, Catharine G., 106. 

Schmucker, Geo., 92. 

Schmucker, J. G., 53, 56ff, 62, 88, 
90ff, 95ff, 98, 100, 106, 113, 116, 
134, 148, 160, 293. 

Schmucker, Nicholas, 107. 

Schmucker, Saml. D., 196. 

Schmucker, S. S., 53, 58ff, 88, 91ff, 
106i, 132; 1358;- 1598, +1928, 
215ff, 240, 244ff, 253, 258, 263, 
280, 283ff. 

Schenectady, N. Y., 67. 

Schnee, Jacob, 57, 59. 

Schoharie, N. Y., 67, 71. 

Schoharie Co., N. Y., 60. 

Schoharie Valley, N. Y., 21. 

Scholl, W. N., 226. 

Schrenberg, J. C., 60. 

Schrenck, R. H., 32. 

Schroeder, Mr., 137. 

Schroeter, Danl., 44. 

Schultze, J. A., 55. 

Schulz, J. C., 20. 

Schulze, J. A., 129. 

Schurz, Carl, 207. 

Schutt, Conrad, 284. 

Schwartz, J. G., 59. 


Schwitzerbarth, J. C. G., 61, 284. 

Scotland, 104, 112. 

Seibert, Saml., 258. 

Seip, Theo. L., 196. 

Seiss, J. A., 235. 

Selinsgrove, Pa., 
“77s 

Seminaries, Lutheran, No. of, 12; 
value, 12; graduates, 12; Muhlen- 
berg’s project, 29ff ; Kunze’s sem- 
inarium, 40; N. C. Synod’s pro- 
ject, 83ff; ‘G. S. proposal, 86; 
growth of at 1864, 127; proposal 
to merge, 277ff, cf. also separate 
institutions. 

Seminaries, Protestant, no. of, 11; 
dates of founding, 73; short his- 
tory of, 104. 

Semler of Halle, 60. 

Senderling, Jacob, 54. 

Senderling, John Z., 70. 

Sharon, Nii Y. 7# 

Sharrets Bros., 258. 

Sharrets, Fred, 146. 

Sharretts, N. R., 58, 134. 

Sheeleigh, Matthias, 160, 226. 

Shenandoah Co., Va., 92, 107, 136. 

Shindel, A. Y., 289. 

Shindel, M. L., 289. 

Shindle, H. C., 195. 

Shindle, J. P., 57. 

Shippensburg, Pa., 245. 

Shober, Gottlieb, 59, 96, 137. 

Sholl, Mr., 136. 

Shryock, Geo., 148. 

Shumaker, Stella B., 292. 

Siegart, W. R., 356ff. 

Singmaster, Henry and Rosanna, 
249, 270. 

Singmaster, J. A., 212, 250ff, 265ff, 
280. 

Sisters of Charity, 204. 

Sleeth, G. M., 268. 

Smith, Lewis, 61. 


1878, 221, 1236, 


621 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


Smyser, Philip, 96, 98. 

Snyder, H. W., 291. 

Soc. for the Propagation of Chris- 
tianity and Useful Knowledge 
among the Germans in Amer- 
ica, 42. 

Somerset, Pa., 232, 268. 

Somerset Co., Pa., 52, 258. 

South Carolina, 25, 42, 76, 78, 95, 
139, 192. 

South Carolina Synod, 59, 80, 139, 
181. 

Southern Sem., 59, 139, 180, 277. 

Sprecher, Saml., 125, 223. 

Springer, Chas., 16. 

Springfield, Ill., 181. 

Springfield, O., 125, 233. 

Spring Grove, Pa., 258. 

Stamp Act, 44. 

Starman, J. W., 61. 

Stauch, John, 60, 76ff, 79, 95. 

Stecher, Pastor, 57. 

Steck, A. R., 268. 

Steck, J. M., 52, 59, 76ff, 95. 

Steck, M. J., 59, 77. 

Steenberger, Wm., 136. 

Steinkopf, Dr., 130. 

Stephan, Martin, 132. 

Stevens, Thaddeus, 99, 
144 ff. 

Stine, John, 57. 

Stockholm, 263. 

Stoever, J.C. Jr., 20: 

StoeverJo'Cy or, a0. 

Stoever, M. L., 168. 

Storch, C. A. G., 59, 78, 96. 

Stork, Chas. A., 223ff, 228ff. 

Stork, Theophilus, 168. 

Strebeck, Geo., 68. 

Streit, Christian, 33, 54ff, 5S8ff. 

Streit legacy, 137. 

Stroh, M., 57. 

Stroudsburg, Pa., 249. 


Sunday Schools, 252, 267, Schmuck- 


103, 138, 


er’s, 108. 

Susquehanna River, 19, 52, 56, 80, 
133, 158, 162, 171, 240. 

Susquehanna Synod, 249, 267. 

Susquehanna Univ., 187ff, 221, 236, 
203, 264) 274: 

Sweden, 15, 18, 21, 36, 41, 49, 130, 
262. 

Swedenborgians, 227. 

Swedes, 15ff, 49, cf. Scandinavians. 

Swedish Provost, ci. Wrangel, 
C. W. 

Swiss, 23. 

Switzerland, 23, 130. 

Sword, J. A., 257. 

Syracuse, N. Y., 271. 


Tamaqua, Pa., 202. 

Taneytown, Md., 102. 

Taylor, W. P., 268. 

Temperance Societies, 111. 

Tennessee, 52, 76, 78, 95. 

Tennessee Synod, 58ff, 80, 84ff. 

Text Books, early, 62, 141. 

Thirty Years’ War, 15. 

Tholuck, A., 161, 221. 

Thuringia, 64. 

Tinicum Island, 15ff. 

Torkillus, Reorus, 15. 

Tractarian Movement, 121. 

Trappe, The, cf. New Providence, 
Pat 

Triebner, Christopher, 26. 

Trimble, Gen., 204. 

Trimble, Jas., 129. 

Trinity Luth. Church, N. Y. City, 
23, 46. 

Trinity Episc. Church, N. Y. City, 
46. 

Trostle, Geo., 148. 

“True Unity of Christ’s Church,” 
ite. 

Tulpehocken, Pa., 19. 

Turbotville, Pa., 224. 


622 


GENERAL INDEX 


Twesten, A. D. C., 130ff. 
Tzschirner, Prof., 131. 


Ulhorn, Pastor, 148. 

Ulrich, Danl., 54. 

Ulrich, John, 134, 174. 

Union Sem. in N. Y., 105. 

Union Sem. in Va., 105. 

United Congregations, The, 20. 

United Luth. Church, 266, 268, 278, 
280. 

Univ. Christian Conf. on Life and 
Work, 262. 

Universalists, 227. 

Univ. of Berlin, 140. 

Univ. of Bonn, 230. 

Univ. of Erfurt, 19. 

Univ. of Erlangen, 224. 

Univ. of Giessen, 61. 

Univ. of Goettingen, 61, 90. 

Univ. of Halle, 18, 24, 38ff, 43, 51, 
78, 131, 140, cf. also Halle. 

Univ. of Hamburg, 65. 

Univ. of Helmstedt, 59. 

Univ. of Kiel, 130. 

Univ. of Leipsic, 39. 

Univ. of Penna., 45, 47, 5Off, 53ff, 
56, 62, 88, 106ff, 112, 261. 

Univ. of Tuebingen, 224. 


Valentine, Milton, 186, 218ff, 228, 
BH 25h coon, 279, 

Van Buskirk, Jacob, 32, 44. 

Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, 66, 69. 

Venango Co., Pa., 81. 

Virginia, 19ff, 33, 38, 52, 64, 76ff, 
95, 100, 113, 132, 192, 196ff. 

Virginia Sem. 105. 

Virginia Synod, 80, 85, 159, 173. 


Waage, Fred, 61. 

Wachter, Martin, 57. 
Wackerhagen, Augustus, 60. 
Wadsworth, Wm. A., 60. 


Wagner, A. E., 294. 

Wagner, R. L., 292. 

Walter, J., 96. 

Walther, C. F. W., 127. 

Washington, D. C., 99, 195, 206, 
240, 268. 

Washington Col., 144. 

Washington Co., Md., 102. 

Washington, Geo., 67. 

Washington Service, cf. Liturgics. 

Watsonworth, Pa., 245. 

Waynesboro, Pa., 202. 

Weaver, A., 137. 

Weibel, Mr., 137. 

Weiser, Reuben, 58, 134, 160, 226. 

Welden, C. F., 61. 

Wenner, G. U., 235. 

Wentz, A. R., 262, 273. 

Wesley, John, 111. 

Western Sem., 105, 182, 268. 

Westmoreland Co., Pa., 52. 

West. Penna. Synod, 80, 91, 95ff, 
113ff, 159, 161, 225, 236, 249, 261, 
281, 293. 

Weygand, Pastor, 32, 36. 

Weyl, C. G., 134, 294. 

Whetstone, A. M., 202, 232. 

Whitefield, Geo., 111. 

Wichtermann, G. J., 68. 

Wieting, J. C., 68. 

Williamsport, Md., 93. 

Williamsport, Pa., 267. 

Wilmington, Del., 15ff. 

Wilson, L. D., 205. 

Wilson, Woodrow, 211. 

Winchester, Va., 54, 58, 60, 80, 92, 
218. 

Winter, John, 57, 93. 

Witmer, Mr., 134. 

Wittenberg, Ger., 131. 

Wittenberg Col. and Sem., 60, 125, 
181: 223) 233. 

Wolf, Pastor, 22. 


Wolf, E. J., 196, 202, 223ff, 228, 


623 


HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 


231, 234, 238ff, 259, 278ff. York, Pa., 52ff. 56ff. 62. 87. 90. 92, 


Wolf, Gov. Geo., 144. 96, 102, 106ff, 113, 134, 136, 146, 
Wool, Gen., of Civil War, 203. 153, 186, 189, 195, 240. 
Woodstock, Va., 53, 92, 106. York, Co.j, Pa.; S2H, 192: 

World War, 268, 275ff. ~ York Co. Acad., 106, 108. 

Wrangel, C. W., 33, 35ff, 38, 41, 54. Young, Jacob, 96, 98, 134. 
Wurtemberg, Ger., 40. Zetskoorn, Abelius, 13. 

Yadkin River, 137. Ziegler, Henry, 160. 

Yale Sem., 137, 182, 215. Zimmerman, Jeremiah, 271ff. 
Yeager, Geo., 102. Zion’s Church, Phila., 39, 41, 43£. 
Yinger, Geo. S., 241. Zwingli, Huldreich, 125. 


4 


624 





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